EP2590751A1 - Tri par voie électrique au moyen d'un effet couronne - Google Patents

Tri par voie électrique au moyen d'un effet couronne

Info

Publication number
EP2590751A1
EP2590751A1 EP11749332.0A EP11749332A EP2590751A1 EP 2590751 A1 EP2590751 A1 EP 2590751A1 EP 11749332 A EP11749332 A EP 11749332A EP 2590751 A1 EP2590751 A1 EP 2590751A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fraction
collecting electrode
particles
particle mixture
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11749332.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Senada Schaack
Nicola Benscheidt
Frank Borchers
Matthias Berghahn
Stefan Nordhoff
Patrik Stenner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steag Power Minerals GmbH
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Evonik Degussa GmbH
Steag Power Minerals GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evonik Degussa GmbH, Steag Power Minerals GmbH filed Critical Evonik Degussa GmbH
Publication of EP2590751A1 publication Critical patent/EP2590751A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/02—Separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B03C3/368—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by other than static mechanical means, e.g. internal ventilator or recycler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/02—Separators
    • B03C7/12—Separators with material falling free
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for separating particle mixtures into a first fraction and into a second fraction, wherein the electrical conductivity of the particles of the first fraction is greater than the electrical conductivity of the second fraction.
  • Components of electronic waste are electrical conductors such as copper and gold, but also semiconductors such as silicon and germanium. These metals can be read out of non-conductive plastics. The energy transition will result in more electronic waste from photovoltaic modules and electrochemical cells in the future. Photovoltaic modules are used to convert
  • Photovoltaic modules have a limited life as their efficiency decreases with age.
  • Electrochemical cells are arrangements which are able to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Examples are primary batteries, secondary batteries (accumulators), double-layer capacitors and fuel cells. Due to the increase in electromobility is in particular with a higher volume of
  • lithium-ion batteries Electronic waste from lithium-ion batteries to be expected.
  • lithium-ion batteries also contain non-conductive oxides of valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, manganese and nickel.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY CN101623672A deals with the electrical sorting of scrap from photovoltaic modules.
  • the principle of contact charging is used: The material to be separated is introduced between two oppositely charged plates of a plate capacitor. Electrically conductive particles such as silicon, upon contact with the electrode, assume their polarity and are consequently repelled by the electrode and in the direction of the counterelectrode
  • corona discharge is used here in the usual way. This is to be understood as meaning the ionization of a fluid surrounding a high-voltage electrical conductor, wherein the electric field strength emanating from the conductor must not be too great to cause a spark discharge or an arc. All particles in the corona field become independent of their electrical energy during ionization
  • the charge of the particles occurs indirectly through the air molecules: These are first negatively ionized by the strong inhomogeneous electric field between the corona tip and collecting electrode by free electrons and naturally occurring ions in the air along the electric field lines are accelerated and when hitting a neutral air molecule this decomposed into ions. The resulting secondary ions are further accelerated along the field lines and in turn meet other air molecules and ionize them. In a kind of chain reaction, a large number of ionized air molecules are formed. These are along the field lines deformed by the presence of the particles Speeds up the direction of the particles, then attach to the airborne solid particles and impose a negative charge on them.
  • corona electrode The electrical conductor from which the electric field lines emanate is referred to in this context as a corona electrode.
  • corona electrodes are highly curved, designed as a thin wire, needle tip or both combined barbed wire similar.
  • the fluid is present an air-particle mixture.
  • corona roller separators are used in electro sorting. These have a chute, on which the material to be sorted slips in a tangential direction onto a rotating roller.
  • a barbed wire-shaped electrically negatively charged corona electrode extends axially away from the contact point and extends axially to the roller.
  • the roller serves as a collecting electrode, it is earthed via a sliding contact (carbon brush) serving at the same time as a wiper.
  • an electric field builds up, through which the separating material slides from the chute in the direction of the roller.
  • the corona electrode electrically ionizes the air molecules and the particles to be separated in the tangential region.
  • the non-conductive particles Upon impact with the roller, the non-conductive particles retain their charge while the conductive particles assume the polarity of the collector electrode.
  • the conductive particles are thus electromagnetically repelled by the collecting electrode and collected in a first container.
  • the non-conductive particles adhere electromagnetically on the roller, drive about half a round with, are then stripped off the carbon brush and finally collected in a second container.
  • Air flow are conveyed tangentially to the collecting electrodes, which - similar to the usual market Koronawalzenscheidern - the fibers come into contact with entrained by the collecting electrode air layers, which affects the adhesion and thus the selectivity.
  • DE102004010177B4 describes an apparatus for combined ionization and fluidization of powder.
  • corona electrodes are arranged in a fluid container above the porous fluid bottom. Compressed air flows through the fluid bottom from below and fluidizes the powder layer lying on the fluid bottom. The ionization of the fluidized powder then takes place by means of the corona electrodes.
  • EP1321197B1 describes a method and apparatus for coating rotating rolls or moving belts.
  • the roller or the band is a method and apparatus for coating rotating rolls or moving belts.
  • the roller or the band is a method and apparatus for coating rotating rolls or moving belts.
  • US7626602B2 also describes a device for coating moving belts. For this purpose, a fluid flow is guided past a corona electrode extending transversely thereto and deposited on the strip to be coated. However, this device does not perform a separation function.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method by means of which a fine-grained particle mixture, in particular electronic scrap from photovoltaic modules or lithium-ion batteries, can be economically separated.
  • the invention therefore provides a process for separating particle mixtures into a first fraction and into a second fraction, wherein the electrical conductivity of the particles of the first fraction is greater than the electrical conductivity of the second fraction, comprising the following steps: a) providing a fluidized Particle mixtures containing two
  • the invention is based on the finding that the corona discharge can only be used effectively to separate the particle mixture if the particle mixture is kept fluidized throughout the separation process. This means that the fluidization of the particle mixture must be maintained throughout the process, that is, from the time of provision, during ionization, to deposition on the collection electrode. An initial fluidization in the provision alone is not enough, since the particles again run the risk of agglomerating until ionization, which impairs the solubility and thus the selectivity.
  • the fluidization of the particle mixture is carried out by pneumatically pressurizing a layer of particles with compressed air.
  • a fluidized particle mixture is turbulent air in which the particles are dispersed, ie isolated. This prevents the agglomeration of the particles.
  • the mixture By ionizing the fluidized particle mixture, the mixture is activated for separation.
  • the ionization of the mixture is done via ionized Air molecules.
  • the fluidized particle mixture is to be mixed with the ionized air. It is possible to carry out the fluidization of particle mixture and the ionization of the air separately. It is also possible to direct the air directly in the fluidized
  • the corona electrode is surrounded by the fluidized particle mixture. This allows a particularly effective ionization.
  • the fluidized particle mixture can be spatially immobile macroscopically. In that regard one speaks of a stationary fluidized bed. However, the fluidized particle mixture can also move spatially macroscopically. Moving the fluidized particle mixture substantially only in the direction of its longitudinal extent, it is a fluid flow, which is comparable in terms of its behavior with the flow of gases. If the fluidized particle mixture in its entirety moves at a speed which is significantly less than the velocity of the individual particles within the fluidized layer, this is referred to as a moving fluidized bed. The demarcation of migratory fluidized bed and fluid flow is not always possible sharply.
  • the fluidized, co-ionized particles behave differently on contact with the collector electrode charged in opposite directions: on contact with the collector electrode, non-conductive particles remain due to the
  • the electrically conductive particles take on contact with the collecting electrode whose polarity and are accordingly repelled by the collecting electrode in the fluidized particle mixture. Over time, the non-conductive particles are depleted from the fluidized mixture onto the collection electrode, during which time the fluidized particle mixture increasingly consists of the conductive fraction.
  • the relative movement between mixture and collecting electrode can be realized in that the fluidized, ionized particle mixture is a stationary fluidized bed and the
  • Collecting electrode moves through the fluidized, ionized particle mixture; as a circulating belt, chain occupied with plates or as a roller.
  • Kinematic reversal leads to a solution in which the ionized, fluidized particle mixture is directed as a particle stream against a fixed plate and moved over it.
  • An interim solution is to use a fast-circulating belt as
  • the collecting electrode is immersed in the fluidized, ionized particle mixture or contacted at the interface.
  • the corona electrodes always have at least one pointing in the direction of the collecting electrode tip to generate a high field strength in the direction of the collecting electrode.
  • the corona electrode may be implemented as a wire, as a spiked "barbed wire” or as a multi-pointed plate
  • the corona electrode may be arranged longitudinally or transversely of the fluid flow / moving fluidized bed
  • One or more corona electrodes may be provided.
  • the fluidized particle mixture in Transport direction loaded with a L predominantlyströmungskraft.
  • the fluid flow may be directed to a single point of the collection electrode or moved across the collection electrode transversely to its flow direction.
  • the ionization takes place in a charging line, through which the fluid flow is passed and in which the corona electrode extends such that the ionized fluid flow emerging from the charge line is directed onto a collecting electrode such that the particles bounced off the collecting electrode not first fraction are taken, and that the adhering to the collecting electrode particles are removed as a second fraction of the collecting electrode.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the mixture is forcibly guided along the corona electrode and the ionized particle stream is "shot" onto the collecting electrode, for which purpose the fluidized particle mixture is conveyed with air through a charging line through which the corona electrode also extends along the corona electrode so that an intensive ionization of the particles takes place without dodging the particle stream.
  • the jet emanating from the charge line should then be directed as frontally as possible to the collecting electrode, so that the particles hit the surface of the collecting electrode with a significant impulse namely, it is possible to superimpose disturbing currents on the surface of the collecting electrode and, in addition, increases the rebound effect on the electrically conductive particles.
  • the charging line is preferably a tube made of an electrically insulating material, through which the corona electrode designed as a wire extends coaxially. This embodiment guarantees a reliable ionization of the particles in the particle stream. Coaxial in this context means that the tip of the corona electrode in
  • the corona electrode then corresponds to the main Direction vector of particle flow within the charging line in the area of
  • the particle mixture is provided in a bunker in this embodiment.
  • the bunker is designed as a fluid bunker and has for this purpose a ground of air-permeable material, through which the compressed air evenly into the filled
  • Fluid bunkers are known in the art, for example from DE10325040B3.
  • the pneumatic conveying of the particle mixture from the bunker into the loading tube and further to the collecting electrode preferably takes place in such a way that incoming compressed air is injected through a tapering nozzle into a mixing chamber connected on the one hand to the charging line and on the other hand to a bunker providing the particle mixture whose flow cross-section is larger as the mouth section of the nozzle.
  • This method utilizes the Bernoulli / Venturi effect to aspirate the particulate mixture.
  • the inflowing (clean) compressed air experiences an increase in speed due to the cross-sectional constriction in the nozzle, which results in a pressure drop. This negative pressure is used to suck the fluidized particle mixture from the bunker into the mixing chamber in order to mix there with the compressed air to the particle flow.
  • the charging line is a slot nozzle made of an electrically insulating material, over the cross section of which one with Spiked, wire-shaped corona electrode extends.
  • a slot nozzle allows a higher throughput compared to a round nozzle.
  • the slot nozzle is fed by means of a Venturi nozzle with a mixture of a fluid bunker.
  • An alternative embodiment of the invention is that the fluid flow is passed through slot of electrically insulating material, in the vicinity of which at least one corona electrode is arranged in the form of a wire extending transversely to the fluid flow, such that the ionization of the fluid stream as it exits the Slot nozzle is made that the leaked from the slot nozzle, ionized fluid flow is directed to a collecting electrode, that the bounced from the collecting electrode particles are taken as a first fraction, and that the adhering to the collecting electrode particles are removed as a second fraction of the collecting electrode.
  • the advantage here is also a high throughput.
  • An apparatus suitable for separation is described in US7626602B2.
  • the collecting electrode will act as a stationary baffle plate (e.g.
  • the process is carried out discontinuously, the baffle plate is sprayed with the ionized particle stream until it has formed a layer of the non-conductive fraction. Then, the flow of particles is interrupted and the adhering to the baffle plate, non-conductive fraction removed. The cleaned baffle plate is then sprayed again with the particle stream.
  • this process can be carried out by making the collecting electrode a circulating belt.
  • the (metal) strip is then sprayed continuously, for example, in the region of the Buchtrumms with the particle stream and cleaned in the region of the empty strand of the second fraction.
  • baffle plate and band in which a plurality of baffles is mounted on a revolving chain.
  • baffles may preferably be sprayed on both sides.
  • the particle flow does not occur tangentially to the surface, as is the case with corona precipitators. Also succeeds the Elimination of the negative effects of interfering with moving collecting electrodes
  • the collecting electrode should take place such that the leaked from the charging line particle stream strikes the surface of the collecting electrode at an angle of not equal to 180 °.
  • Corona electrode to the collecting electrode, since in this case the electric field lines and the flow paths of the particle flow are parallel.
  • the ionized, fluidized particle mixture is formed as a stationary fluidized bed.
  • the collecting electrode In order to produce a relative movement of the collecting electrode to this, it is designed as a rotating roller or as a circulating belt, wherein the roller or the band is partially immersed in the fluidized bed or contacted at least in the boundary region of the fluidized bed with this and outside the immersed region, the electrically insulating Fraction is removed from the tape or the roller.
  • a stationary fluidized bed is operated quasi-continuously for the purpose of cleaning, that is, the pneumatic loading of the stationary fluidized bed at times
  • Cleaning operation can be processed large amounts of particle mixture.
  • a moving fluidized bed can be provided.
  • the collecting electrode is designed as a rotating roller or as a circulating belt, wherein the fluidized bed moves along a portion of the roller or the belt. This embodiment is particularly preferred since it allows a very high throughput due to the continuous mode of operation.
  • the moving motion of the fluidized bed is more easily generated by gravity.
  • the fluidized bed moves through an inclined channel, at the upper end of which the mixture to be separated abandoned and at the lower end of the first fraction
  • the collecting electrode is embodied as a circulating belt which runs through the channel along a section in opposite or rectified relationship to the moving fluidized bed and which is cleaned outside the section of adhering particles to obtain the second fraction.
  • the fluidized bed is caused to travel through an inclined channel, at the upper end of which the mixture to be separated is taken up and at the lower end of which the first fraction is taken up, the collecting electrode being designed as a circulating belt which runs along a section transverse to the moving fluidized bed Gutter runs and which is cleaned outside of the section of adhering particles to obtain the second fraction.
  • the corona electrode should preferably be electrically negatively charged in all embodiments, and the collector electrode should be grounded accordingly. Better effects are achieved when the collecting electrode is additionally connected to the positive pole of a voltage source As a result, the potential difference between the corona electrode and collecting electrode is additionally increased.
  • the electrically conductive particles bounce off the collecting electrode, during which time the non-conducting second fraction adheres.
  • the removal of these particles can generally be done by applying a pulse load to the collecting electrode.
  • the impulse load can be applied by tapping with a hammer, shaking with a vibrator, blowing with compressed air or brushing / wiping with a wiper.
  • the selectivity can be increased if the mixture is subjected to a screening process before the pneumatic application.
  • the screening process preferably takes place in a sieve whose low-frequency sieve movement is superimposed with an ultrasonic vibration in the range from 20 to 27 kHz.
  • an ultrasonic vibration in the range from 20 to 27 kHz.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for separating any particle mixtures which have particle fractions with different electrical conductivity.
  • a prerequisite for the successful implementation of the separation process according to the invention is of course the fluidizability of the mixture to be separated. This is given below a particle size of 100 ⁇ .
  • the process can be used advantageously in particular when the crop fraction is the fine fraction and the fraction to be removed has a lower density than the good fraction and vice versa (when the crop fraction is coarse fraction and the fraction to be removed has a higher density).
  • the present process has proven particularly suitable for separating pulverized electronic waste.
  • the electronic waste can be broken with conventional crushers and then ground with conventional mills.
  • the grain size of the ground electric scrap should not exceed 100 pm.
  • the invention therefore also provides a method for separating electronic waste, comprising the steps of:
  • the first fraction of pulverized electronic waste will consist of electrical conductors and / or semiconductors. These metals, such as Fe, Cu, Al, Ag, Au or
  • Semi-metals such as Si be. As electrical conductors, soot or graphite also occur in electronic waste. The second fraction of pulverized electronic waste will consist of electrical non-conductors. These are plastics, glasses or ceramics, in particular metal oxides.
  • insulators also conduct electricity to a very small extent, and it is crucial for the success of the invention that the particles of the first fraction have a higher conductivity than the particles of the second fraction
  • Non-conductor is the case, then, therefore, the fraction is to be understood, which has the lower conductivity within the particle mixture than the other particles.
  • the first fraction will comprise solar silicon, while the second fraction will be essentially plastic.
  • the invention is outstandingly suitable for the separation of ground photovoltaic modules.
  • the invention is equally well suited for separating ground electrodes from electrochemical cells, in particular lithium-ion batteries. If the electronic scrap is worn electrodes of lithium-ion batteries, the first fraction will comprise aluminum, copper, graphite and carbon black, while the second fraction will comprise valuable metal oxides and plastic.
  • the particle mixture can moreover be more than two
  • the separation process it may be necessary to carry out the separation process in several stages: If the first or second fraction is not yet homogeneous enough, the respective fraction may be subjected to a further separation step in order finally to obtain a third and fourth, sorted fraction.
  • the first fraction of Li-ion battery scrap just described can be separated in a second step into aluminum and copper on the one hand and graphite and carbon black on the other hand.
  • the aluminum from Copper or the graphite separated from the soot is the decisive separation criteria.
  • the separation into three fractions can also take place in one step: in such a case the semiconductors as well as the nonconducting fraction adhere the collecting electrode, but with a lower adhesive force.
  • the detachment of the non-conductive fraction and the semiconducting fraction thus requires different forces.
  • a roller-shaped collecting electrode can rotate at a certain speed, so that the semiconductors are again thrown away from the collecting electrode due to the centrifugal forces, but the non-conductors continue to adhere and only from a scraper of the
  • the circulating collecting electrode can be cleaned stepwise with differently powerful cleaning blowers or suction nozzles.
  • the invention also provides an apparatus for separating according to the invention
  • Particle mixtures in a first fraction and in a second fraction wherein the electrical conductivity of the particles of the first fraction is greater than the electrical conductivity of the second fraction.
  • Such an apparatus has the following design features: a) at least one inclined channel with an air-permeable, with compressed air
  • actable soil which is provided with a plurality of corona electrodes, a metering device arranged at the upper end of the channel for applying particulate mixture to the channel,
  • a receptacle arranged at the lower end of the channel for receiving the first fraction
  • At least one revolving runner which runs in sections in the channel, and an outside of the channel on the rotor arranged scraper for stripping adhering to the rotor particles as a second fraction.
  • the rotor is understood as a circumferential collecting electrode, which can be designed as a band, as a plate-occupied chain or as a rotating roller.
  • the invention is therefore also the use of such an apparatus for
  • the circulating belt runs up the trough upstream.
  • This apparatus uses gravity to move the fluidized bed and is therefore particularly reliable.
  • the performance of this apparatus can be increased by a plurality of running transversely through the channel, each run as a band runner, by at least one parallel to the groove extending, circulating cleaning tape, and in that in the crossing region of cleaning tape and runners are provided scrapers, which Clean particles adhering to the runners as a second fraction and feed them to the cleaning belt for removal.
  • FIG. 1 schematic sketch of spraying baffle plate and picking up first fraction
  • FIG. 2 Schematic diagram of the second fraction
  • Figure 3 separation apparatus (schematically) with a plurality of spray and cleaning stations
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram separating apparatus with slot nozzle and wire-shaped corona electrode and plate-shaped collecting electrode;
  • FIG. 5 shapes of corona electrodes
  • Figure 6 as Figure 4, but with circumferential, longitudinally inclined band as a collecting electrode
  • Figure 7 as Figure 4, but with circumferential, transversely inclined band as a collecting electrode
  • Figure 8 Schematic diagram separating apparatus with slot nozzle and corona wire at the outlet
  • FIG. 9 as in FIG. 8, but with a circulating belt as collecting electrode
  • FIG. 10 Schematic sketch of a stationary fluidized bed
  • Figure 11 Schematic diagram separating apparatus with moving bed and circulating belt as
  • Figure 12 Shape variant separation apparatus of Figure 1 1 several moving beds, band-shaped
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a test setup for carrying out the method.
  • a particle mixture 1 is provided in a bunker 2.
  • the bunker 2 is designed as a fluid bunker and allows fluidization of the particle mixture. This is composed of electrically non-conductive particles (shown as unfilled circle) and electrically conductive particles (shown as filled dot) together.
  • a spraying device 3 comprises a
  • Mixing chamber 4 in which clean compressed air 5 can be injected via a tapered nozzle 6.
  • a suction line 7 connects the mixing chamber 4 with the bunker 2.
  • a charging line 8 Also connected to the mixing chamber 4 is a charging line 8, through which a coaxial as
  • the charging line 8 is a pipe with a circular cross-section and a
  • the dimensions mentioned relate to the laboratory scale.
  • An industrial scale separator is expected to have larger diameter for charging line and
  • the corona electrode 9 is electrically insulated from the other components of the spray device 3, in particular with respect to the charging line 8 made of a nonconductor.
  • the mouth of the charging line 8 is directed to serving as a collecting electrode 10 baffle plate made of sheet steel.
  • the surface of the collecting electrode is aligned at about 90 ° with respect to the axis of the charging line 8 and the corona electrode 9.
  • the electric field lines between corona electrode 9 and collector electrode 10 thus extend parallel to the
  • a pneumatically operated hammer 11 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
  • a pneumatically operated hammer 11 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
  • a pneumatically operated hammer 11 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
  • a pneumatically operated hammer 11 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
  • a pneumatically operated hammer 11 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
  • a pneumatically operated hammer 11 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
  • nozzle 6 For pneumatic conveying nozzle 6 is pressurized with compressed air 5 at a pressure of 6 bar and a flow rate of about 4 m 3 / h.
  • compressed air 5 By supplying compressed air through the fluid bottom of the bunker 2, the particle mixture is already fluidized in the bunker 2, so that a homogeneous mixture of particles and air is ensured.
  • the compressed air Due to the tapered cross section of the nozzle 6, the compressed air experiences a strong acceleration until it leaves the nozzle 6. Due to the cross-sectional widening of the mixing chamber 4, the pressure of the compressed air 6 decreases in the
  • Particle mixture 1 to a particle stream 16, which leaves the mixing chamber 4 through the charging line 8 in the direction of the collecting electrode 10.
  • the particle stream 16 sweeps along the - 30 kV high-voltage corona electrode 9, so that the air molecules and the mixture particles of the particle stream 16 are negatively charged. From under one
  • the particle stream 16 is sprayed onto the collector electrode 10 charged with +12 kV.
  • the free path of the particle stream 16 through the air is about 100 to 200 mm.
  • the collecting electrode 10 After a time of about 20 to 60 s, the collecting electrode 10 is filled with non-conductive particles. Now compressed air 6 and high voltage of the corona electrode are turned off and the hammer 11 is actuated ( Figure 2). This acts on the collecting electrode 10 for about 3 s with an impulse load which releases the second fraction from the collecting electrode 10 and drops it into the second collecting tray 14.
  • the first collecting tray 12 there is a first conductive fraction 13 of about 40 g, in the second collecting tray 14 a second non-conductive fraction 15 of about 110 g.
  • a collection electrode of 20 by 30 cm in area was sprayed ten times for 20 seconds while moving the charge line relative to the collecting electrode with the electrode gap remaining the same.
  • the separation efficiency for large amounts of particles can be increased.
  • the number of charging lines can be multiplied by arranging a series of charging lines in the horizontal direction and a plurality of such sets in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 3 shows a continuous embodiment with a plurality of spray stations 17 and an endlessly circulating belt 18 as collecting electrode.
  • the band can be
  • Each spraying station 17 comprises a multiplicity of spray devices 3 operating in parallel.
  • the spraying devices may be designed as described above for FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the belt 18 passes by the spray stations 17 and is thereby applied over a large area with streams of particles to be separated.
  • the second fraction adheres to the belt 18, the first fraction is repelled, falls down and is collected in the area of the spray station 17 (not shown).
  • the occupied with second fraction band 18 continues to a cleaning station 19, which is cleaned by means of a hammer 11 and / or a brush set 20.
  • a hammer is more suitable for cleaning plate-shaped collecting electrodes on a circulating chain hoist; a stripper or a brush should preferably be used to clean a strip.
  • the second fraction is taken up in the cleaning station 19 (not shown).
  • the belt then continues to a next spray station 17, which in turn follows a cleaning station 19.
  • the endless circulating belt 18 is sprayed alternately with particles in this way and cleaned again.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative nozzle design with an elongate slot nozzle 21.
  • the front view is shown on the left, the side view on the right. Through the slot nozzle 21 occurs the
  • the ionization takes over a wire-shaped corona electrode 22, which is occupied by a plurality of tips 23 (see Fig. 6a).
  • the wire-shaped corona electrode 22 extends over the mouth of the slot nozzle 21, ie transversely to the flow direction of the
  • the particle stream 16 is directed to a collecting electrode 10 in the form of a flat baffle plate extending parallel to the slot nozzle 21. Their cleaning is done with a hammer 1 1.
  • Figure 5 shows various designs of spiked, wirelike
  • FIG. 6 shows how the stationary collecting electrode 10 of Figure 4 by an endless
  • circulating belt 18 can be replaced to obtain a continuous separation apparatus.
  • first fraction 13 is picked up by means of a suction nozzle 24.
  • second fraction 15 continues with the belt 18 to a cleaning station, not shown (e.g., scraper or brush set).
  • Figure 8 shows the side view of another design variant with slot nozzle 21.
  • Particle stream 16 exits through the slot nozzle 21 in the direction of the collecting electrode 10.
  • Two corona electrodes 9 designed as wire run in the immediate vicinity of the slot nozzle 21 transversely to the flow direction of the particle flow 16.
  • such a separation apparatus can be carried out as that described in US7626602B2
  • Figure 9 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in Figure 8 with slot nozzle 21.
  • the collecting electrode is here an endlessly circulating belt 18, the tensile and empty strand extend vertically.
  • a plurality of spray stations 17 is provided, which operate with slot nozzles 21.
  • Detail A shows that the wire-shaped corona electrodes 9 run here at the outlet of the slot nozzles 21, ie directly in the particle beam 16.
  • the non-adhering particles 13 are collected by means arranged below the slot nozzles 21 drip pans 12, the cleaning of the tape to obtain the second fraction 15 is carried out with scrapers 26th
  • Figures 10 to 12 show separation apparatuses which do not operate with a fluid stream leaving a nozzle but with fluidized beds.
  • the foundations of the fluidized-bed principle are shown in FIG. 10.
  • the mixture 1 is applied to an air-permeable but particle-tight fluid tray 27.
  • the fluid floor 27 is usually a textile fabric or a porous or perforated plate.
  • the fluid bottom 27 thus has a plurality of air passages, each with about 20 ⁇ diameter.
  • the fluid bottom 27 is acted upon from below with compressed air 5.
  • the compressed air 5 passes through the air passages in the layered on the fluid bottom 27 particles resting on them and swirls them disordered to a fluidized bed 28, which extends in a limited area above the fluid bottom 27. Since the fluidized bed 28 does not change locally and only the particles move within the fluidized bed 28, this is referred to as a stationary fluidized bed. Within the fluidized bed, the particles are dispersed in the air (singly), which
  • the separated, circulated by compressed air 5 particles can be perfectly ionized by means of a plurality of corona electrodes 9, which extend in the fluidized bed 28.
  • the corona electrodes 9 may be placed on the fluid tray, as described in EP1321197B1, or above the fluid tray, as shown
  • the fluidized bed 28 having the plurality of corona electrodes 9 extending therein is composed of a bundled plurality of infinitesimal small spray devices.
  • a collecting electrode 10 is guided, at which precipitate the non-conductive particles.
  • the collecting electrode is removed from the fluidized bed 28 and cleaned.
  • the first fraction remains in the fluidized bed 28.
  • the second fraction 15 is depleted from the fluidized bed 28, so that the proportion of electrically conductive fraction increases in the fluidized bed.
  • the fluidized bed 28 must be continuously cleaned and enriched with fresh mixture. For this purpose, after a suitable time interval the
  • Collecting electrode 10 are cleaned to obtain the second fraction 15, if this does not happen continuously. Then the pneumatic application is restarted and the separation process begins again. However, continuous operation is preferable to this batch operation.
  • a fully continuous high throughput separation apparatus can be realized by means of a moving fluidized bed.
  • a moving fluidized bed - in short moving bed - 29 differs from a stationary fluidized bed 28 in that the moving bed moves in its entirety. Nevertheless, the overall speed of movement of the
  • the moving bed 29 is in the simplest case by means of gravity in motion: For this purpose, an inclined by 10 to 15 ° to the horizontal channel 30 is provided with a fluid bottom 27, which is acted upon from below with compressed air 5; see. Figure 1 1. In the fluid bottom 27 corona electrodes are installed. At the upper end of the channel 30 fresh particulate mixture 1 will give up. Driven by gravity, the fluidized, ionized particle mixture slips down the channel 30 as a moving bed 29. In doing so, the second fraction 15 becomes an endless one
  • the belt speed is about 10 km / h.
  • the high belt speed guarantees an industrially relevant high throughput in the purification of the particle mixture.
  • FIG. 12 shows how the apparatus of FIG. 11, which works with moving bed 29 and belt 18 as a collecting electrode, by multiplying its grooves and bands and their
  • a plurality of parallel, inclined grooves 30 are crossed by a plurality of parallel bands 18.
  • the metallic bands 18 serve as collecting electrode and extend transversely through the channels 30 through the traveling bed 29 traveling therein.
  • the belts 18 carry the non-conductive cargo transversely from the moving beds and are cleaned by cleaning belts 31, the

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour séparer des mélanges de particules en une première fraction et une deuxième fraction, la conductivité électrique des particules de la première fraction étant supérieure à celle de la deuxième fraction. L'invention a pour objet de proposer un procédé au moyen duquel un mélange de particules à grains fins, notamment des déchets électroniques de modules photovoltaïques ou de batteries lithium-ion, peut subir une séparation de manière économique. A cet effet, le procédé consiste à : a) fournir un mélange de particules fluidisé contenant deux fractions particulaires de conductivités électriques différentes; b) ioniser dans un même sens de l'air au moyen d'au moins une électrode à effet couronne qui entoure l'air à ioniser; c) mélanger l'air ionisé au mélange de particules fluidisé pour obtenir un mélange de particules fluidisé ionisé dans un même sens; d) faire se déposer des particules de la deuxième fraction à partir du mélange de particules fluidisé ionisé sur une électrode de captage qui est en mouvement par rapport au mélange de particules fluidisé ionisé et qui est mise à la terre ou a une charge opposée à celle de l'électrode à effet couronne; e) prélever les particules qui adhère à l'électrode de captage, en tant que deuxième fraction; f) obtenir la première fraction composée de particules du mélange de particules fluidisé ionisé, qui n'adhèrent pas à l'électrode de captage.
EP11749332.0A 2010-07-08 2011-06-30 Tri par voie électrique au moyen d'un effet couronne Withdrawn EP2590751A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102010026445A DE102010026445A1 (de) 2010-07-08 2010-07-08 Flugaschetrennung mittels Koronaentladung
PCT/EP2011/003223 WO2012003935A1 (fr) 2010-07-08 2011-06-30 Tri par voie électrique au moyen d'un effet couronne

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EP11731299.1A Withdrawn EP2590750A2 (fr) 2010-07-08 2011-06-30 Séparation de cendre volante par décharge en couronne

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US (1) US20130175371A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2590751A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013537475A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140002599A (fr)
CN (1) CN103189143A (fr)
AU (1) AU2011276137A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013000336A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2804208A1 (fr)
CO (1) CO6670527A2 (fr)
CU (1) CU23990B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010026445A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA201390072A1 (fr)
MA (1) MA34452B1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2013000167A (fr)
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WO (2) WO2012003935A1 (fr)

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CU23990B1 (es) 2014-04-24
DE102010026445A1 (de) 2012-01-12
EP2590750A2 (fr) 2013-05-15
AU2011276137A1 (en) 2013-01-31
CU20130006A7 (es) 2013-09-27
WO2012004179A3 (fr) 2012-04-19
CA2804208A1 (fr) 2012-01-12
KR20140002599A (ko) 2014-01-08
US20130175371A1 (en) 2013-07-11
CO6670527A2 (es) 2013-05-15
WO2012004179A2 (fr) 2012-01-12
MA34452B1 (fr) 2013-08-01
BR112013000336A2 (pt) 2016-05-31
WO2012003935A1 (fr) 2012-01-12
JP2013537475A (ja) 2013-10-03
MX2013000167A (es) 2013-06-05
RU2013105285A (ru) 2014-08-20
CN103189143A (zh) 2013-07-03
EA201390072A1 (ru) 2013-06-28

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