EP1038583A2 - Procédé et appareil pour séparer un produit fractionné - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour séparer un produit fractionné Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1038583A2
EP1038583A2 EP00100992A EP00100992A EP1038583A2 EP 1038583 A2 EP1038583 A2 EP 1038583A2 EP 00100992 A EP00100992 A EP 00100992A EP 00100992 A EP00100992 A EP 00100992A EP 1038583 A2 EP1038583 A2 EP 1038583A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
broken material
zone
shells
separated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00100992A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1038583B1 (fr
EP1038583A3 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Essig
Olaf Oehmichen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
F B Lehmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
F B Lehmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by F B Lehmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical F B Lehmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Publication of EP1038583A2 publication Critical patent/EP1038583A2/fr
Publication of EP1038583A3 publication Critical patent/EP1038583A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1038583B1 publication Critical patent/EP1038583B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/02—Separators
    • B03C7/04—Separators with material carriers in the form of trays, troughs, or tables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for separating broken material, consisting of broken grains or beans and their husks, especially for separating Cocoa breakage (nibs) from the cocoa bean husks, by means of electrostatic charging of the Break good.
  • the invention further relates to a device for performing this Procedure.
  • Cocoa beans depending on the type of pretreatment, from a roasting, Sterilization or pre-drying systems are usually combined in one Reflection breaker broken.
  • the separation accuracy must be as large as possible because of the quality of the finished cocoa mass is decisively influenced. Maximum are after The current regulations allow 2% shells in the nibs the lowest possible proportion of shells in the nibs the service life of the downstream Grinding plants significantly improved.
  • the nibs have been separated from the shells by sieving into different ones Fractions and subsequent air separation of the individual fractions.
  • the applicant's plant automatically switches the cocoa beans upstream Machines placed on a large pre-screen and then for crushing and Classification station promoted.
  • the ha rotary double-breaker broken cocoa beans are separated into six fractions on a classifier.
  • a directional air flow which on the grain size of each franking is coordinated; achieved on the principle of countercurrent sifting a good separation of the specifically heavier nibs from the specifically light ones Peel.
  • the classifying device has five cascaded one behind the other Sieves which divide the cocoa fraction from rough to fine into six fractions.
  • the the sieve principle used from coarse to fine results in short paths of the main quantity short contact times and offers microbiological and hygienic advantages.
  • Sighting the individual fractions are carried out in six side-by-side risers. Due to the fine stage Splitting the sighting into six fractions will have a higher separation effect and a more accurate one Sorting achieved with high throughput.
  • the air speed each Rising shaft can be adjusted for optimal separation effect.
  • the six shell fractions will be then aspirated upwards, separated from the air in six bowl separators and via one shared cup lock discharged. The nibs fall down on one Vibration discharge chute.
  • the object of the invention is now to the method of the type mentioned and to improve its implementation device so that a much smaller apparatus technology leads to comparable good separation results and thus significant cost savings.
  • the basic idea of the solution is to separate the material to be broken on electrostatic Ways to perform in one or more stages by charging the Debris particles in a homogeneous electric field while subjecting the Broken particles of a vibration movement, which causes the charge transfer from the charged electrodes on the debris in the charging zone is supported.
  • the Strength of the vibration movement can be used to adjust the dwell time of the broken material control the charging zone and thus the charging time.
  • After electrical charging of the Particles are deflected by forces acting in a further field, the are proportional to the specific charge.
  • the well-known fact is to be assumed that the particle size of the particles influences the separation; there with increasing Particle size the ratio of surface to volume is less favorable and therefore the specific charge becomes smaller.
  • the electrical conductivity of the particles also plays a role this context, because it is the physical parameter that the Determines the speed at which the particles take charge. Add to that; that Shells and nibs have approximately the same specific density, so that they are different Distraction for particles of the same size is only to be expected if during charging different amounts of charge flow onto the particles.
  • a process variant has assumed the above physical conditions particularly proven, in which the broken material in free fall following the loading zone one of two other electrodes, which delimit the free-fall path, produced homogeneous electric field is discharged, at least partially by different strengths Deflection of the core fracture is separated from the shells and then by means of a mechanical separator in two separate product streams, consisting essentially of a core fracture current and a shell current is conveyed away.
  • the distraction of the Breakage in the free fall in the direction of the grounded cathode of the two electrodes takes place depending on the size of those recorded in the charging zone Amount of charge.
  • Electrodes a vibrating or vibrating device that closes the individual fragments spreads a single grain layer; because with several superimposed particles their Charging can be hindered because then there is no direct contact between the overhead particles and the metal surface of the device.
  • the device according to the invention for carrying out the method is characterized generally through a charging zone for electrically charging the one to be separated Breakage, an adjoining deflection zone for the electrical discharge of the loaded fragments in free fall and an adjoining separation zone to separate the at least partially unloaded heavier from the lighter ones Fragments and for the removal of the separated fragments.
  • the charging zone in such a way that they have at least one feed hopper for the broken material to be separated and at least an adjoining one and in connection with the hopper conveying connection Has vibrating trough which is provided with differently charged electrodes, between which the broken material to be separated is conveyed through in order to be electrical to be charged while the deflection zone has at least two more electrodes should have, which limit the free fall distance and adjoining this Separation zone should have at least one adjustable mechanical separator which is a conveyor system for the separate product flows, consisting of Cocoa core broke or heavier broken particles and cocoa bean shells or lighter core fragments, connects.
  • the one of the two electrodes delimiting the deflection zone is expediently one grounded cathode and for diverting deflected cocoa bean husks with several equipped with flaps through openings, behind which there is a shaft located with the transport system for the removal of the cocoa pod shells, i.e. the lighter broken particles, communicates.
  • This Electrodes that are assigned to the vibration channel, which can be made of plastic and is lined with metal, are advantageously embedded in the channel so that the one electrode in the channel bottom and the other at a distance above the bottom located so that the broken material to be loaded between the electrodes can be conveyed through.
  • the anode of these electrodes lies on a positive one or negative DC voltage.
  • vibration channel with an adjustable vibrato drive has proven itself to provide and also to make the feed hopper adjustable in height, whereby the Delivery capacity is largely variable.
  • the inner wall of the Vibration trough to provide contours that the mixing of them over run away particles of the material to be broken, such contours in particular can be hump-like structures.
  • an embodiment of the device is particularly advantageous in which the two Electrodes that limit the free fall distance of the discharge zone, capacitor plates form and are coated with an electrically insulating material layer to To prevent recharging processes when the electrodes come into contact with the debris.
  • the device could be provided with a debris moistening device to set the desired moisture levels in the broken material, since the efficiency of the Charge transfer etc. depends on the moisture content.
  • the device with a housing enclose, then in such a housing also multi-stage separation devices can be arranged in series.
  • the one Charging zone for electrically charging the broken material to be separated with at least a feed hopper for the broken material to be separated and at least one attached to it subsequent vibrating trough connected to the feed hopper provides, which with differently charged, a homogeneous electric field generating electrodes is provided, between which the broken material to be separated is conveyed through to thereby be electrically charged, and the one deflection zone with a suction device for the shells of the core breakage and shells Breakage and a separation zone for separating the shells from the core break with at least one air classifier.
  • the deflection zone is not a free-fall section characterized, but by a suction device to which the separation zone connects.
  • the broken material 5 is raw or dried in fractional form dried and steamed or roasted or roasted and steamed in one Input hopper 4 entered, the output end in a vibrating or vibrating trough 6th which flows with differently charged, a homogeneous electric field generating electrodes 7, 8 is provided; between which the broken material to be separated is conveyed through in order to be electrostatically charged. Feed hopper 4 and vibration channel 6 together with the electrodes 7, 8 form the charging zone 1 of the Separator.
  • the vibration channel 6 is equipped with a vibration drive, not shown, which can be set so that a desired breakage conveyor speed is reached, with the fact that the hopper 4 is height adjustable, the flow rate the vibratory trough can also be influenced.
  • the vibrating channel is on the outside fully electrically insulated. Your wall is made of plastic material, in which the Electrodes 7, 8 are embedded and is lined with metal.
  • the inner wall of the Vibration trough is also provided with contours in the form of bump-like structures, which serve the mixing of the fragments 5 passing over them and the Optimization of the electrical to be transferred to the particles using the electrodes Charge. To optimize this transfer, the formation of a single grain layer aimed at on the vibrating channel floor.
  • the bottom-side electrode 7 lies on one DC voltage (U +) of around 20-40 kV and represents the anode, while the directly the second metal electrode 8 located above is the grounded cathode and the Charge transfer to the fragments 5 supported.
  • the Debris particles namely the nibs and shells
  • the Charge sits essentially on the surface of these particles, the transferred one
  • the amount of charge is therefore proportional to the size of the particle surface.
  • the speed with which the charging takes place depends on the electrical conductivity of the Material that is about the same size for the shells and nibs.
  • the charging zone 1 corresponds to the size of the particles transfer charge to be interpreted because of the size of the electrical charge of the particles for the subsequent separation in the one following the charging zone 1 Deflection zone 2 is crucial.
  • the deflection zone 2 has a free fall path 11; that of the two electrodes 9, 10 is limited and into which the fragments 5 to be separated from the vibrating trough 6 be dropped.
  • One electrode 9 is at the same DC voltage (U +) as that Anode 7 of the vibrating trough, while the cathode 10, which is opposite at a distance is grounded.
  • U + DC voltage
  • the cathode 10 which is opposite at a distance is grounded.
  • There is a homogeneous electric field between the two electrodes 9, 10 E in which the deflection of the charged fragments 5 by those acting in the field Forces F is proportional to their specific charge, i.e. to the ratio of Amount of charge to mass. Due to the on the fragile oaks, i.e.
  • nibs and shells in the Different field forces F acting in free fall are these particles which Because of their different electrical conductivity, they also have different sizes Carrying amounts of charge, to different degrees, towards the cathode 10 distracted.
  • this is provided with several flaps 17 Through openings 18 equipped, behind which there is a shaft 19 with a slide 14 is located, with a transport system 13 for removing the shells 16 in Connection is established.
  • the nibs 15 from the Shells 16 separated and get in the lower region of the free fall section 11 in the Separation zone 3, in which an adjustable, mechanical separator 12 is arranged which the conveyor system 13 for the separate product streams 15, 16, consisting of Cocoa kernel (nibs) or heavier fragments 15 and cocoa bean shells or lighter fragments 16.
  • the separator 12 shown in the Embodiment has the shape of a flow separating wedge, can be between the Slide electrodes 9, 10 back and forth to ensure the cleanest possible separation of the nibs from to reach the shells. This separation process of the separator can be done here Automate facilities not shown.
  • the two electrodes 7 and 8 of the deflection zone 2 have an insulating layer coated, otherwise the charged fragments come into contact with the electrodes Charging takes place and the particles back and forth between the electrodes would jump out. Apart from the transhipment operations to be avoided, this will be mechanical ricocheting of the shells, as already mentioned above, on the surface of the Avoided cathode 10 in that it with the flap-like openings 18th through which the shells are pulled and thus no longer bounce back can.
  • the free fall limiting electrodes generated homogeneous electric field is discharged, but after being charged, the cocoa bean husks are separated as lighter ones Broken particles from the cocoa kernel (nibs) as heavier kernel fragments Aspirating the former and separating the lighter particles separately in an air classifier are used, the device shown schematically in Fig. 2.
  • a vibration channel 6 with a vibration drive in vibration offset to the broken material falling on it through the feed hopper 4 in the form of Convey cocoa core 15 and cocoa shells 16 into the charging zone 1, through two electrodes 7, 8 located opposite one another within the vibrating trough 6, of which the electrode 7 is arranged on the channel bottom and the electrode 8 is in the Area of the ceiling of the vibrating trough is located and is designed as a perforated plate. Both electrodes are also in this embodiment to avoid Transshipment processes covered with an insulating layer.
  • the electrode 7, which is the anode represents, is due to a DC voltage (U +) of about 20-40 kV, while the above located electrode 8 is the grounded cathode. Between these two electrodes the broken material 5 to be separated is passed through and electrically charged.
  • the exhaust pipe 21 opens into the cyclone 20 whose conical inner wall, the cocoa bean pods 16 collect to be in an am lower end of the cyclone arranged to contain receptacle 24.
  • the one from the Exhaust pipe 21 extracted by the suction fan 28 driven by a motor 22 Air is discharged outside as exhaust air 23.
  • the inventive method shows that the separation of nibs and shells with the help an electrostatic separation device is possible, the forces occurring in electric field of sufficient size and the differences of nibs and shells are sufficient to separate these two fragments.
  • the necessary voltages are in the range from 40 kV to 50 kV.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
EP00100992A 1999-03-19 2000-01-19 Procédé et appareil pour séparer un produit fractionné Expired - Lifetime EP1038583B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29905061U 1999-03-19
DE29905061U DE29905061U1 (de) 1999-03-19 1999-03-19 Vorrichtung zur Trennung eines Bruchgutes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1038583A2 true EP1038583A2 (fr) 2000-09-27
EP1038583A3 EP1038583A3 (fr) 2001-03-07
EP1038583B1 EP1038583B1 (fr) 2004-11-03

Family

ID=8071098

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00100992A Expired - Lifetime EP1038583B1 (fr) 1999-03-19 2000-01-19 Procédé et appareil pour séparer un produit fractionné

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1038583B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000262929A (fr)
AT (1) ATE281242T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE29905061U1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2229976T3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10154462A1 (de) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-22 Buehler Ag Verfahren zum Isolieren von Aleuronteilchen
WO2010104409A1 (fr) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Afonso Lazaro Manuel Nunes Afonso Procédé électrostatique et dispositif électrostatique pour la séparation de particules ayant une conductivité électrique égale, appliqués à la purification de grains de café
CN112007737A (zh) * 2020-08-18 2020-12-01 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种破碎设备

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4682423B2 (ja) * 2001-01-10 2011-05-11 パナソニック株式会社 静電選別装置
JP4825226B2 (ja) * 2008-01-18 2011-11-30 三菱電機株式会社 静電選別装置
JP5630988B2 (ja) * 2009-12-07 2014-11-26 三菱電機株式会社 静電選別装置および静電選別方法
IT201700113261A1 (it) * 2017-10-09 2019-04-09 Univ Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum Metodo per la valutazione della dispersione di particelle
CN110142231B (zh) * 2019-05-23 2020-07-14 上海交通大学 荧光标记水稻种子分选机构及方法
DE102019132556B4 (de) * 2019-11-29 2024-03-21 Hamburg Dresdner Maschinenfabriken Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Anordnung zum Brechen von Hülsenfrüchten, insbesondere Kakaobohnen, und zur Separation von Schalen

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2135716A (en) * 1937-02-27 1938-11-08 Ritter Products Corp Method and apparatus for separating foodstuff of the nature of cocoa beans
US2803344A (en) * 1954-11-18 1957-08-20 Creighton H Morrison Middlings separator
CH381060A (de) * 1958-04-03 1964-08-15 Gen Mills Inc Verfahren für das elektrostatische Scheiden von Feststoffgemischen
GB1069270A (en) * 1964-06-04 1967-05-17 Technoimpex Magyar Gepipari Ku Device for treating seeds
US3635340A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-01-18 F I N D Inc Electrostatic separating apparatus for particles
EP0980713B1 (fr) * 1998-08-19 2003-01-02 F.B. LEHMANN Maschinenfabrik GmbH Procédé et appareil pour séparer électrostatiquement un produit fractionné

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10154462A1 (de) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-22 Buehler Ag Verfahren zum Isolieren von Aleuronteilchen
WO2010104409A1 (fr) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Afonso Lazaro Manuel Nunes Afonso Procédé électrostatique et dispositif électrostatique pour la séparation de particules ayant une conductivité électrique égale, appliqués à la purification de grains de café
CN112007737A (zh) * 2020-08-18 2020-12-01 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种破碎设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000262929A (ja) 2000-09-26
DE29905061U1 (de) 1999-06-02
ATE281242T1 (de) 2004-11-15
ES2229976T3 (es) 2005-05-01
DE50008459D1 (de) 2004-12-09
EP1038583B1 (fr) 2004-11-03
EP1038583A3 (fr) 2001-03-07

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