EP2590750A2 - Flugaschetrennung mittels koronaentladung - Google Patents
Flugaschetrennung mittels koronaentladungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2590750A2 EP2590750A2 EP11731299.1A EP11731299A EP2590750A2 EP 2590750 A2 EP2590750 A2 EP 2590750A2 EP 11731299 A EP11731299 A EP 11731299A EP 2590750 A2 EP2590750 A2 EP 2590750A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- collecting electrode
- particles
- mineral
- fluidized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 31
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003197 gene knockdown Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/08—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
- B03C3/368—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by other than static mechanical means, e.g. internal ventilator or recycler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/12—Separators with material falling free
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for separating fly ash into a mineral fraction and into a non-mineral fraction. Such a method is known from KR20030016555A.
- Fly ash refers to the particulate residues of the combustion of solid or pasty fuels such as hard coal or lignite or biomass. Furthermore, fly ash refers to the particulate residues of the combustion of solid or pasty waste. Solid waste is, for example, municipal waste or solid industrial waste. An example of pasty waste is sewage sludge. Fly ash within the meaning of the invention is also a mixture of such residues of the common combustion of fuels and wastes.
- Fly ash is formed by suitable retention systems such as fabric filters or electrostatic precipitator from the flue gases produced during combustion
- Such retention systems separate the particulate residues from the flue gases in their entirety, without making a material distinction.
- the resulting fly ash is a mixture of mineral particles such as in particular S1O2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 or CaO and non-mineral particles.
- fly ash mineral particles are predominantly coke particles, ie unburned residual carbon. If the fly ash originates from the incineration or co-incineration of waste, the non-mineral particles may also be metals. As a non-mineral fraction, fly ash from municipal waste contains predominantly aluminum particles resulting from the combustion of composite packaging. The percentage by weight of unburned residual coal in the fly ash is called loss on ignition (LOI). The exact composition of the fly ash, and in particular its LOI, varies from plant to plant, as different coals are burned under different combustion conditions.
- LOI loss on ignition
- fly ash is discharged with the flue gases from the furnace and separated by means of electrostatic precipitators from the flue gases.
- Fly ash is a popular building material (especially concrete additive, clinker substitute), if you
- Residual carbon content is not too high:
- the fine mineral particles improve both the fresh and the hardened concrete properties.
- the concrete can be processed better with fly ash and achieves a higher strength and durability in comparison to a concrete without fly ash. This is due to the
- Electro sorting process either with a triboelectric charging (DE598948, US4839032 and US6681938) or a contact charging of the particles
- Plastic net which is necessary for the functioning of the plant.
- triboelectric charging fine particles of coal can not be removed because they adhere to mineral particles. Removal of the smallest coke particles from the mineral fraction is important because these particles tend to adsorb liquid concrete admixtures because of their high surface area.
- corona discharge is used here in the usual way. By this is meant the ionization of one, one under high voltage
- the negative ionization of the electric field between the corona tip and the collecting electrode is accelerated by accelerating free electrons and naturally occurring ions in the air along the electric field lines and, when hitting a neutral air molecule, breaks them down into ions.
- the resulting secondary ions are further accelerated along the field lines and in turn meet other air molecules and ionize them.
- a large number of ionized air molecules are formed. These are accelerated along the field lines deformed by the presence of the particles in the direction of the particles, then attach themselves to the airborne solid particles and impose a negative charge on them.
- corona electrode The electrical conductor from which the electric field lines emanate is referred to in this context as a corona electrode.
- corona electrodes are highly curved, designed as a thin wire, needle tip or both combined barbed wire similar.
- the fluid is present an air-particle mixture.
- Electro sorting of well-known corona separator He has an ashtray, on which the fly ash provided by a bunker in tangential
- Corona electrode axially to the roller.
- the roller serves as a collecting electrode, it is earthed via a sliding contact (carbon brush) serving at the same time as a wiper. Between the corona electrode and collecting electrode, an electric field builds up, through which the fly ash slides from the chute in the direction of the roller.
- Corona electrode ionizes the air molecules and ash particles in the tangential region electrically negative.
- the roller keep the non-conductive mineral particles their charge, during which the conductive coke particles assume the polarity of the collecting electrode.
- the coke particles are thus repelled electromagnetically from the collecting electrode and collected in a first container.
- the mineral particles adhere electromagnetically on the roller, drive about half a round with, are then stripped off the carbon brush and finally collected in a second container.
- Air layer which entrains the particles and thus prevents effective electrical contact with the collecting roller.
- DE102004010177B4 describes an apparatus for combined ionization and fluidization of powder.
- corona electrodes are arranged in a fluid container above the porous fluid bottom. Compressed air flows through the fluid bottom from below and fluidizes the powder layer lying on the fluid bottom. The ionization of the fluidized powder then takes place by means of the corona electrodes.
- EP1321197B1 describes a method and apparatus for coating rotating rolls or moving belts.
- the roller or the strip is partially immersed in a stationary fluidized bed, in which means
- Corona discharge ionized particles swirl and precipitate as a coating on the tape or the roller. A separation function of the particles is not provided.
- US7626602B2 also describes a device for coating moving belts. For this purpose, a fluid flow is guided past a corona electrode extending transversely thereto and deposited on the strip to be coated.
- this device does not perform a separation function.
- the present invention the object of a concept to show, with the help of a large
- the invention therefore provides a process for separating fly ash into a mineral fraction and into a non-mineral fraction, comprising the following steps: a) providing fly ash containing mineral particles and non-mineral particles;
- adherent particles of ionized, fluidized fly ash adherent particles of ionized, fluidized fly ash.
- the invention is based on the recognition that the corona discharge can only be used effectively for the separation of the flyash when the fly ash is kept fluidized throughout the separation process. This means that the fluidization of the fly ash particles must be maintained throughout the process, that is from the time of preparation, during ionization, to deposition on the
- the fluidization of the fly ash is carried out by pneumatically applying a fly ash layer with compressed air. Fluidized fly ash is
- Fly ash activates the fly ash for separation. Ionizing the fly ash happens via ionized air molecules.
- the fluidized fly ash is to be mixed with the ionized air. It is possible to carry out the fluidization of the fly ash and the ionization of the air separately. It is also possible to ionize the air directly in the fluidized fly ash. In the latter case, the
- Corona electrode surrounded by the fluidized fly ash This allows a particularly effective ionization.
- the fluidized fly ash can be spatially immobile macroscopically. In that regard one speaks of a stationary fluidized bed.
- the fluidized fly ash can also move macroscopically spatially. Moving the fluidized fly ash essentially only in the direction of its longitudinal extent, it is a fluid flow, which in terms of its behavior with the flow of gases
- the fluidized, co-ionized particles behave differently when in contact with the collecting electrode charged in opposite directions depending on their electrical conductivity: on contact with the collecting electrode non-conductive particles adhere to the collecting electrode due to the charge polarization on the particle surface.
- the electrically conductive, non-mineral particles take on contact with the collecting electrode whose polarity and are accordingly repelled by the collecting electrode in the fluidized fly ash. Over time, the mineral particles are depleted from the fluidized fly ash on the collecting electrode, during which the fluidized fly ash increasingly consists of the non-mineral fraction.
- various apparatuses for the effective separation of fly ash can be realized, which can basically be carried out as follows:
- Different embodiments of the invention differ in the generation of the relative movement between the ionized, fluidized fly ash and collecting electrode and in the design of the corona electrode.
- the relative movement between fly ash and collecting electrode can be realized by the fact that the fluidized, ionized fly ash as a stationary fluidized bed and the collecting electrode moves through the fluidized, ionized fly ash; as a circulating belt, chain occupied with plates or as a roller.
- the collecting electrode is immersed in the fluidized, ionized fly ash or contacted at the interface.
- the corona electrodes always have at least one pointing in the direction of the collecting electrode tip to generate a high field strength in the direction of the collecting electrode.
- the corona electrode can be used as a wire, as a spiked
- the corona electrode can be longitudinal or transverse to the fluid flow / to the wandering wire
- the ionized fluidized fly ash is a fluid stream directed at a moving or stationary collection electrode.
- Transport direction loaded with a L predominantlyströmungskraft The fluid stream may be directed to a single point of the collection electrode or across it
- the ionization takes place in one
- Charging line through which the fluid flow is passed and in which the corona electrode extends in such a way that the exiting the charge line, ionized fluid flow is directed to a collecting electrode, that of the
- Collecting electrode bouncing particles are taken as a non-mineral fraction, and that the adhering to the collecting electrode particles are removed as a mineral fraction of the collecting electrode.
- the fluidized fly ash is conveyed with air through a charging line, through which also extends the corona electrode, the fly ash stream thus flows directly along the corona electrode, so that a intensive ionization of the particles takes place without evading the fly ash stream.
- the emerging from the charging line beam is then as possible on the front
- the momentum of the particles is able to superimpose any disturbing currents on the surface of the collecting electrode and also increases the rebound effect on the carbon particles.
- the charging of the particles is guaranteed in this embodiment in that the air-particle mixture, due to the shape of the charging tube, the corona charge can not escape, that the fly ash particles thanks to fluidization and
- the charging line is preferably a tube made of an electrically insulating material, through which the corona electrode designed as a wire extends coaxially.
- This embodiment guarantees a reliable ionization of the particles in the fly ash stream.
- Coaxial means in this context that the tip of the corona electrode points in the direction of the charging line.
- Corona electrode then corresponds to the main direction vector of the fly ash flow within the charge line in the region of the corona electrode.
- the fly ash is provided in this embodiment in a bunker.
- the bunker is designed as a fluid bunker and has for this purpose a bottom of air-permeable material through which compressed air flows evenly into the filled fly ash. In this way, the compressed air loosens the fly ash and disperses it in the exiting compressed air. So fluidized, the fly ash can be conveyed like a liquid by imparting a flow force.
- Fluid bunkers are known in the art, for example from DE10325040B3.
- the pneumatic conveying of the fly ash from the bunker into the loading tube and further to the collecting electrode is preferably carried out such that incoming compressed air is injected through a tapered nozzle into a mixing chamber connected on the one hand to the charging line and on the other hand to a bunker providing the fly ash whose flow cross section is larger as the mouth section of the nozzle.
- This process uses the Bernoulli / Venturi effect to suck in the fly ash.
- Cross-sectional constriction in the nozzle an increase in speed, which results in a pressure drop.
- This negative pressure is used to suck the fluidized fly ash from the bunker into the mixing chamber to mix there with the compressed air to the fly ash stream.
- the fluidization device is then constructed in a practical way like a water jet pump.
- the Venturi nozzle has the disadvantage that the cross-section of the nozzle by the abrasion gradually changes over time, so that the speed thereby decreases and thus also the recorded amount of ash.
- the cross section of the Venturi nozzle must therefore be monitored.
- Another solution in which less air is needed is so-called dense phase conveying, in which powder is transported by means of a transmitting vessel and compressed air.
- the charging line is a slot nozzle made of an electrically insulating material, via whose
- Cross-section extends a spiked, wire-shaped corona electrode.
- a slot nozzle allows a higher throughput compared to a round nozzle.
- the slit nozzle is fed by means of a Venturi nozzle with fly ash from a fluid bunker.
- An alternative embodiment of the invention is that the fluid flow is passed through slit nozzle made of electrically insulating material, in whose
- At least one corona electrode in the form of a transverse to Fluid stream extending wire is arranged such that the ionization of the fluid stream as it exits the slot nozzle, that the leaked from the slot nozzle, ionized fluid flow is directed to a collecting electrode, that the rebounded from the collecting electrode particles are taken as a non-mineral fraction, and that the adhering to the collecting electrode particles are removed as a mineral fraction of the collecting electrode.
- the advantage here is also a high throughput.
- An apparatus suitable for separation is described in US7626602B2.
- the collecting electrode is made as a stationary baffle plate (e.g., flat steel sheet). With such a collecting electrode, the process is carried out discontinuously, the baffle plate is as long as with the ionized
- the fly ash stream is sprayed until it has formed a layer of the low-carbon fraction. Then the fly ash stream is interrupted and the adhering to the baffle plate, low-residue fraction removed. The cleaned baffle plate is then sprayed again with the fly ash stream.
- this process can be carried out by making the collecting electrode a circulating belt.
- the (metal) strip is then continuously sprayed, for example, in the region of the Buchtrumms with the fly ash stream and cleaned in the area of the empty strand of the mineral fraction.
- baffle plate and belt in which a plurality of baffles are mounted on a revolving chain.
- a circulating chain with baffles is a technically equivalent alternative to a band.
- the baffles may preferably be sprayed on both sides.
- Charge line is at an angle to the collecting electrode, resulting from the changed field lines, which follow the fly ash particles, different path lengths for the particles. Ideal is therefore an orthogonal orientation of the charge line or nozzle to the collecting electrode. But at least the straightening of the leaking from the charge line fly ash current, the collecting electrode should be such that the leaked from the charge line fly ash current hits the surface of the collecting electrode at an angle of not equal to 180 °.
- Fly ash formed as a stationary fluidized bed In order to produce a relative movement of the collecting electrode to this, it is designed as a rotating roller or as a circulating belt, wherein the roller or the band is partially immersed in the fluidized bed or contacted at least in the boundary region of the fluidized bed with this and outside the immersed region, the electrically insulating Fraction is removed from the tape or the roller.
- Embodiment is that with a few plant components an industrially relevant high throughput can be accomplished, which compared with a on
- Fluidized bed apparatus with a smaller number of moving parts manages.
- a stationary fluidized bed is operated for the purpose of cleaning quasi-continuous, that is, the pneumatic loading of the stationary
- Fluid bed is temporarily interrupted, and that during the interruption, the particles of the collapsed fluidized bed are taken as a non-mineral fraction and replaced by freshly prepared fly ash. This cyclic separation and cleaning operation allows large quantities of fly ash to be processed.
- a moving fluidized bed can be provided.
- the collecting electrode is designed as a rotating roller or as a circulating belt, wherein the fluidized bed moves along a portion of the roller or the belt. This embodiment is particularly preferred since it allows a very high throughput due to the continuous mode of operation.
- the moving motion of the fluidized bed is more easily generated by gravity.
- the fluidized bed travels through an inclined channel, at the upper end of which the fly ash to be separated is taken up and at the lower end of which the non-mineral fraction is taken up, the collecting electrode being in the form of a circulating belt which runs along one section in opposite or rectilinear relationship to the traveling one Fluid bed passes through the gutter and which outside the
- Section of adhering particles to obtain the mineral fraction is purified. This embodiment makes an excellent compromise between
- the fluidized bed through a migrate inclined channel at the upper end of the fly ash to be separated abandoned and at the lower end of the non-mineral fraction is recorded, wherein the collecting electrode is designed as a circulating belt, which runs along a section transverse to the moving fluidized bed through the channel and which outside Section of adhering particles to obtain the mineral fraction is purified.
- the corona electrode should preferably be electrically negatively charged in all embodiments, and the collector electrode should be grounded accordingly. Better effects are achieved when the collecting electrode in addition to the positive pole of a
- the electrically conductive residual coke bounces off the collecting electrode, during which time the wished mineral fraction adheres.
- the removal of these particles can generally by applying the collecting electrode with a
- the impulse loading can be done by tapping with a
- the inventive method is preferably suitable for separating
- the mineral particles are metal oxides
- Fly ash can also comprise other metal oxides.
- the inventive method is preferably suitable for separating
- fly ashes whose non-mineral particles are solid, porous, essentially carbon coke. If the fly ash comes from the increase in the price of waste, it can also be with the non-mineral particles to trade aluminum, which comes from composite packaging. If waste is co-fired, the non-mineral fraction will contain both unburned residual coal / coke and aluminum.
- the selectivity can be increased if the fly ash is subjected to a sieving process before the pneumatic application.
- the screening process takes place
- the low-frequency sieve movement is superimposed with an ultrasonic vibration in the range of 20 to 27 kHz.
- Screening step Particularly suitable are tumble screening machines with inductive
- Ultrasonic excitation as they are known for example from DE202006009068U1.
- sieve trays are used with a mesh size of about 80 ⁇ . This results in high screening capacities of up to 1500 kg / h * m 2 .
- the optimal mesh size depends on the origin of the fly ash. Experiments show that when making fly ash and Siebmaschenweiten of 63, 75, 90 or 100 ⁇ cause a significant reduction of the LOI in the passage through the screen.
- the advantage of ultrasonic sieving is that the fly ash to be fluidized receives a more uniform grain size. Accordingly, the upwardly limited grain size - the screen passage - is transferred to the fluidization.
- the screen overflow consists essentially of the larger coke grains, which go back into the combustion. Screening the large coke particles prior to fluidization also improves the ionization of the fly ash: namely, more air ions accumulate on the larger particles than on small particles. If you did not sieve the large coke particles, they would be favored during the ionization.
- the ultrasound excitation prevents the
- Fly ash particles also have the advantage that the fineness criterion of the standard EN 450-1, which stipulates not only the loss on ignition as a criterion for aggregate to concrete but also the maximum proportion of coarse particles in the fly ash (category S: maximum 12 mass% greater than 45 ⁇ ), is safely adhered to.
- EN 450-1 stipulates not only the loss on ignition as a criterion for aggregate to concrete but also the maximum proportion of coarse particles in the fly ash (category S: maximum 12 mass% greater than 45 ⁇ )
- An important aspect of a successful combination of sieve and corona separation processes is that both steps are strictly separated. It is not expedient to combine both steps structurally in that, for example, the sieve bottom is also used as collecting electrode. Experiments prove that this favors the formation of Klennnkorn and makes the cleaning of the sieve much more difficult. Due to the electrostatic forces, the mineral fly ash particles adhere so strongly to the
- the invention also provides an apparatus for separating fly ash into a mineral and a non-mineral fraction according to the invention.
- Such an apparatus has the following design features: a) at least one inclined channel with an air-permeable, pressurized air bottom, which is provided with a plurality of corona electrodes,
- the rotor is understood as a circumferential collecting electrode, which can be designed as a band, as a plate-occupied chain or as a rotating roller.
- the circulating belt runs up the trough upstream. This apparatus uses gravity to move the fluidized bed and is therefore particularly reliable.
- the performance of this apparatus can be increased by a plurality of running transversely through the channel, each run as a band runner, by at least one parallel to the groove extending, circulating cleaning tape, and in that in the crossing region of cleaning tape and runners are provided scrapers, which Remove particles adhering to the runners as a mineral fraction and feed them to the cleaning belt for removal.
- a continuous cleaning of the insulating mineral layer from the collecting electrode is very important for the separation function, as it ensures a strong electric field and a continuous ion flow in the corona field. Both are for ensuring reliable separation operation in the
- FIG 1 Schematic sketch of baffle plate and recording of
- FIG. 2 Schematic diagram of removal of residual-carbon-poor fraction
- FIG. 3 Comparison of ignition loss of starting fly ash / low-carbon fraction
- FIG. 4 Comparison of Particle Size Distribution Starting Fly Ash /
- Figure 6 Schematic diagram separating apparatus with slot nozzle and wire-shaped corona
- FIG. 6 a design forms of corona electrodes
- Figure 7 as Figure 6, but with circumferential, longitudinally inclined band as
- Figure 8 as Figure 6, but with circumferential, transversely inclined band as
- FIG. 9 Schematic diagram separating apparatus with slot nozzle and corona wire at the outlet
- FIG. 10 as in FIG. 9, but with a circulating belt as collecting electrode
- Figure 1 1 Schematic sketch stationary fluidized bed
- Figure 12 Schematic diagram separating apparatus with moving bed and circulating belt as
- FIG. 13 Shape variant of separation apparatus from FIG. 12, several moving beds, band-shaped collecting electrodes and cleaning belts.
- FIGS 1 and 2 show a test setup for carrying out the method.
- Fly ash 1 is provided in a bunker 2 ready.
- the bunker 2 is designed as a fluid bunker and allows fluidization of the fly ash. This is composed of mineral particles (shown as unfilled circle) and residual coke (shown as filled dot).
- a spraying device 3 comprises a Mixing chamber 4, in which clean compressed air 5 can be injected via a tapered nozzle 6.
- a suction line 7 connects the mixing chamber 4 with the bunker 2.
- a charging line 8 Also connected to the mixing chamber 4 is a charging line 8, through which extends coaxially serving as a corona electrode 9, needle-like wire (diameter less than 1 mm).
- the charging line 8 is a tube with a circular cross-section and an inner diameter of about 2 cm. The dimensions mentioned relate to the laboratory scale. An industrial-scale separation apparatus is expected to have larger diameters for charge line and corona electrode.
- the corona electrode 9 is electrically insulated from the other components of the spray device 3,
- the mouth of the charging line 8 is serving as a collecting electrode 10
- Impact plate made of sheet steel.
- the surface of the collecting electrode is aligned at about 90 ° with respect to the axis of the charging line 8 and the corona electrode 9.
- the electric field lines between the corona electrode 9 and collecting electrode 10 thus run parallel to the flow paths of the particles of the fly ash stream from the charging line 8 in the direction of the collecting electrode.
- a pneumatically operated hammer 1 1 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
- a pneumatically operated hammer 1 1 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
- a pneumatically operated hammer 1 1 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
- a first collecting trough 12 for residual-carbon-rich fraction 13 is mounted on the side facing away from the spray device of the collecting electrode 10.
- a second collecting trough 14 for low-residue fraction 15.
- nozzle 6 For pneumatic conveying nozzle 6 is pressurized with compressed air 5 at a pressure of 6 bar and a flow rate of about 4 m 3 / h.
- compressed air 5 By supplying compressed air through the fluid bottom of the bunker 2, the fly ash is already fluidized in the bunker 2, so that a homogeneous mixture of fly ash and air is ensured.
- the compressed air Due to the tapered cross section of the nozzle 6, the compressed air experiences a strong acceleration until it leaves the nozzle 6. Due to the cross-sectional widening of the mixing chamber 4, the pressure of the compressed air 6 in the mixing chamber 4 drops rapidly, so that a negative pressure is created which sucks the fly ash 1 via the suction line 7 into the mixing chamber 4.
- fly ash stream 16 There compressed air 5 and fly ash 1 to a fly ash stream 16, which leaves the mixing chamber 4 through the charging line 8 in the direction of the collecting electrode 10.
- the fly ash current 16 is sprayed onto the collecting electrode 10 charged with +12 kV.
- the free path of the fly ash stream 16 through the air is about 100 to 200 mm.
- the electrically conductive particles are repelled by the collecting electrode according to their angle of incidence and accumulate in the first collecting trough 12.
- the electrically non-conductive particles remain on the collecting electrode 10 adhere.
- EN 450 complies with the EN 450 specification and is therefore suitable as a concrete additive.
- the non-mineral, residual carbon-rich fraction 13 can be returned to the furnace and used there thermally.
- the separation efficiency for large amounts of ash can be increased.
- the number of charging lines can be multiplied by arranging a series of charging lines in the horizontal direction and a plurality of such sets in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 5 shows a continuous embodiment with a plurality of spray stations 17 and an endlessly circulating belt 18 as collecting electrode.
- a closed chain hoist can be provided, on the members of which plates are arranged as collecting electrodes.
- Each spraying station 17 comprises a multiplicity of spray devices 3 operating in parallel.
- the spraying devices may be designed as described above for FIG. 1 and FIG.
- the band 18 drives to the
- the mineral fraction adheres to the belt 18, which does not
- mineral fraction is repelled, falls down and is collected in the area of the spray station 17 (not shown).
- the occupied with mineral fraction band 18 continues to a cleaning station 19, which by means of a Hammer 1 1 and / or a brush set 20 is cleaned.
- a hammer is more suitable for cleaning plate-shaped collecting electrodes on one
- circulating chain hoist, for cleaning a band should preferably a
- the mineral fraction is in the
- Cleaning station 19 recorded (not shown).
- the belt then continues to a next spray station 17, which in turn follows a cleaning station 19.
- the endless circulating belt 18 is sprayed in this way alternately with fly ash and cleaned again.
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative nozzle design with an elongated slot nozzle 21.
- the frontal view is shown on the left, the side view on the right.
- the ionization takes on a wire-shaped
- Corona electrode 22 which is occupied with a plurality of tips 23 (see Fig. 6a).
- the wire-shaped corona electrode 22 extends over the mouth of the slot nozzle 21, ie transversely to the flow direction of the fly ash stream 16.
- the fly ash stream 16 is applied to a collecting electrode 10 in the form of a parallel to the slot nozzle 21st
- Figure 6a shows possible designs of spiked corona wire electrodes.
- FIG. 7 shows how the stationary collecting electrode 10 of FIG. 6 can be replaced by an endlessly circulating band 18 to produce a continuously operating one
- the band 18 is namely in
- Coke particles 13 thus tumble down against the running direction of the belt 18 in the direction of the suction nozzle 24 arranged downstream.
- the circumferential band 18 can also be inclined to the side (the band moves into the plane of the drawing).
- the non-mineral fraction 13 of the fly ash discharged through the slit nozzle 21 falls down laterally from the belt 18 and is collected.
- FIG. 9 shows the side view of another design variant with slot nozzle 21.
- the fly ash stream 16 exits through the slot nozzle 21 in the direction of the collecting electrode 10.
- Two corona electrodes 9 designed as wire run in the immediate vicinity
- FIG. 10 shows a variant of the embodiment with slot nozzle 21 shown in FIG.
- the collecting electrode is here an endlessly circulating belt 18, the tension and empty strand extend vertically.
- a plurality of spray stations 17 is provided, which operate with slot nozzles 21.
- Detail A shows that the wire-shaped corona electrodes 9 run here at the outlet of the slot nozzles 21, ie directly in the particle beam 16.
- the non-adherent residual coal 13 is collected by means arranged below the slot nozzles 21 drip pans 12, the cleaning of the tape to obtain the mineral fraction 15 is carried out with scrapers 26th
- FIG. 11 shows separation apparatus, which do not work with a fluid stream exiting a nozzle, but with fluidized beds.
- the basics of the fluidized bed principle are shown in FIG. 11.
- the fly ash 1 is applied to an air-permeable but ash-tight fluid floor 27.
- Fluid bottom 27 is typically a fabric or a porous or perforated plate.
- the fluid bottom 27 thus has a plurality of
- Air outlets each with about 20 ⁇ diameter.
- the fluid bottom 27 is acted upon from below with compressed air 5.
- the compressed air 5 passes through the air passages in the flake ash resting on the fluid bottom 27 in layers and swirls the particles unordered to form a fluidized bed 28 which extends over the fluid bottom 27 in a limited area. Since the fluidized bed 28 does not change locally and only the particles move within the fluidized bed 28, this is referred to as a stationary fluidized bed.
- the separated, circulated by compressed air 5 particles can be perfectly ionized by means of a plurality of corona electrodes 9, which extend in the fluidized bed 28.
- the corona electrodes 9 can be arranged on the fluid bottom, as described in EP1321 197B1, or above the fluid bottom, as known from DE102004010177B4. In the latter case, the ionization of the air, fluidization of the fly ash and the mixing of ionized air with fluidized fly ash in order to obtain the ionized, fluidized fly ash done in one step.
- compressed air is first of all ionized and the fly ash is subjected directly to the ionized compressed air for the purpose of fluidization.
- the corona electrodes are placed immediately below the fluid bottom, so that the compressed air is ionized shortly before its exit from the fluid bottom into the fly ash.
- the fluidized bed 28 having the plurality of corona electrodes 9 extending therein is composed of a bundled plurality of infinitesimal small ones
- Spray devices Through the fluidized bed or at least at its interface is a
- the collecting electrode 10 can also receive the mineral
- Fraction 15 are cleaned, if this does not happen continuously. Then the pneumatic application is restarted and the separation process begins again. However, continuous operation is preferable to this batch operation.
- a fully continuous high throughput separation apparatus can be realized by means of a moving fluidized bed.
- a moving fluidized bed - in short moving bed - 29 differs from a stationary fluidized bed 28 in that the moving bed moves in its entirety. Nevertheless, that is
- the moving bed 29 is in the simplest case by means of gravity in motion: For this purpose, an inclined by 10 to 15 ° to the horizontal channel 30 is provided with a fluid bottom 27, which is acted upon from below with compressed air 5; see. FIG. 12. Corona electrodes are installed in the fluid bottom 27. At the upper end of the channel 30 fresh fly ash 1 will give up. Driven by gravity, the fluidized, ionized fly ash slips down the channel 30 as a moving bed 29.
- the mineral fraction 15 is deposited on an endlessly circulating belt 18, which sections along the groove 30, opposite to the direction of movement of the moving bed 29 by the same upwards.
- the belt speed is about 10 km / h.
- the high belt speed guarantees an industrially relevant high throughput in the purification of the fly ash.
- the mass flow of the recovered mineral fraction is calculated to be about 3t / h with just one moving bed.
- the moving bed 29 is gradually depleted by the mineral fraction 15.
- residual coal exits which is taken up as a non-mineral fraction 13.
- the mineral fraction 15 is removed from the belt 18 with a scraper 26. The cleaned belt 18 runs back into the moving fluidized bed 29.
- FIG. 13 shows how the apparatus of FIG. 10, which works with traveling bed 29 and belt 18 as a collecting electrode, can be made more powerful through the multiplication of its grooves and ribbons and their parallelization:
- a plurality of parallel, inclined grooves 30 are crossed by a plurality of parallel bands 18.
- the metallic bands 18 serve as collecting electrode and extend transversely through the channels 30 through the traveling bed 29 traveling therein.
- the belts 18 carry the mineral cargo transversely from the moving beds and are crossed by cleaning belts 31 which are alternately arranged in parallel between the inclined grooves 30.
- a stripper is arranged in each case, which cleans the band 18 of mineral particles and transfers them to the cleaning band 31.
- the endlessly circulating cleaning belts 31 continuously continue the mineral fraction 15, during which the non-mineral fraction 13 leaves the separating apparatus at the lower end of the inclined channels 30.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010026445A DE102010026445A1 (de) | 2010-07-08 | 2010-07-08 | Flugaschetrennung mittels Koronaentladung |
PCT/EP2011/060975 WO2012004179A2 (de) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-06-30 | Flugaschetrennung mittels koronaentladung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2590750A2 true EP2590750A2 (de) | 2013-05-15 |
Family
ID=44532722
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11731299.1A Withdrawn EP2590750A2 (de) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-06-30 | Flugaschetrennung mittels koronaentladung |
EP11749332.0A Withdrawn EP2590751A1 (de) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-06-30 | Elektrosortierung mittels koronaentladung |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11749332.0A Withdrawn EP2590751A1 (de) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-06-30 | Elektrosortierung mittels koronaentladung |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20130175371A1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP2590750A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2013537475A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20140002599A (de) |
CN (1) | CN103189143A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2011276137A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112013000336A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2804208A1 (de) |
CO (1) | CO6670527A2 (de) |
CU (1) | CU23990B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010026445A1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA201390072A1 (de) |
MA (1) | MA34452B1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2013000167A (de) |
RU (1) | RU2013105285A (de) |
WO (2) | WO2012003935A1 (de) |
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US9764332B2 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-09-19 | Separation Technologies Llc | Edge air nozzles for belt-type separator devices |
CN107303538B (zh) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-05-31 | 东南大学 | 一种生物分子分离装置及分离方法 |
CN107127054B (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2019-10-11 | 百色学院 | 一种固体粉体的分级方法 |
FR3078638B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-04-10 | Universite De Poitiers | Procede et dispositif de separation electrostatique de materiaux granulaires |
CN110736903B (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-08-17 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | 一种电晕放电研究装置 |
KR102267914B1 (ko) | 2019-10-31 | 2021-06-22 | 세메스 주식회사 | 약액 공급 장치, 약액의 파티클 제거 방법, 노즐 유닛 및 기판 처리 장치 |
US11719100B2 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2023-08-08 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | System for extracting water from lunar regolith and associated method |
DE102020115971B3 (de) | 2020-06-17 | 2021-08-26 | Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden | Verfahren zur Quantifizierung von Polymerspezies in einer Polymerpartikel enthaltenden Probe |
JP2022134666A (ja) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-15 | Dowaエコシステム株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールの処理方法 |
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2010
- 2010-07-08 DE DE102010026445A patent/DE102010026445A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2011
- 2011-06-30 EP EP11731299.1A patent/EP2590750A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-30 KR KR1020137003242A patent/KR20140002599A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-30 WO PCT/EP2011/003223 patent/WO2012003935A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-06-30 CA CA2804208A patent/CA2804208A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-30 BR BR112013000336A patent/BR112013000336A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-30 WO PCT/EP2011/060975 patent/WO2012004179A2/de active Application Filing
- 2011-06-30 RU RU2013105285/03A patent/RU2013105285A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-30 JP JP2013517081A patent/JP2013537475A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-30 CN CN2011800434433A patent/CN103189143A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-30 EP EP11749332.0A patent/EP2590751A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-30 EA EA201390072A patent/EA201390072A1/ru unknown
- 2011-06-30 MA MA35639A patent/MA34452B1/fr unknown
- 2011-06-30 US US13/809,026 patent/US20130175371A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-30 MX MX2013000167A patent/MX2013000167A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-30 AU AU2011276137A patent/AU2011276137A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-01-07 CU CU2013000006A patent/CU23990B1/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-01-08 CO CO13002657A patent/CO6670527A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2012004179A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20140002599A (ko) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2590751A1 (de) | 2013-05-15 |
DE102010026445A1 (de) | 2012-01-12 |
WO2012003935A1 (de) | 2012-01-12 |
US20130175371A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
CO6670527A2 (es) | 2013-05-15 |
EA201390072A1 (ru) | 2013-06-28 |
CN103189143A (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
CA2804208A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
JP2013537475A (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
AU2011276137A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
MX2013000167A (es) | 2013-06-05 |
WO2012004179A3 (de) | 2012-04-19 |
BR112013000336A2 (pt) | 2016-05-31 |
WO2012004179A2 (de) | 2012-01-12 |
RU2013105285A (ru) | 2014-08-20 |
CU23990B1 (es) | 2014-04-24 |
MA34452B1 (fr) | 2013-08-01 |
CU20130006A7 (es) | 2013-09-27 |
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