EP2589719B1 - Leichtgewichtige und erweiterbare platte oder ähnlich strukturiertes element zur aufnahme von zugangsvorrichtungen - Google Patents

Leichtgewichtige und erweiterbare platte oder ähnlich strukturiertes element zur aufnahme von zugangsvorrichtungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2589719B1
EP2589719B1 EP11800220.3A EP11800220A EP2589719B1 EP 2589719 B1 EP2589719 B1 EP 2589719B1 EP 11800220 A EP11800220 A EP 11800220A EP 2589719 B1 EP2589719 B1 EP 2589719B1
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Prior art keywords
slab
formwork
main
holes
lightweight slab
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EP11800220.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2589719A1 (de
EP2589719A4 (de
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Alberto Alarcon Garcia
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/14—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or girders laid in two directions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
    • E04B5/328—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements the filling elements being spherical
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E04B5/40—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form-slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/43—Floor structures of extraordinary design; Features relating to the elastic stability; Floor structures specially designed for resting on columns only, e.g. mushroom floors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/205—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. frameworks, trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a slab, or a similar lightweight structural element according to claim 1, where accessible facilities can be placed
  • This invention is about a slab-like structure with inner steel reinforcements, with a concrete filling and with some formwork elements that properly shape the slab during the building process.
  • a formwork used in the construction of waffle slabs for parking buildings uses inverted-open box-shaped parts placed with some distance between them. This space between boxes defines walls and above it, the surface of the floor.
  • the final result is a slab with a succession of cavities at the bottom face that reduces the weight of the structure, but it cannot be used to hide or place any facilities and doesn't reduce the construction time.
  • the cross-section of this kind of slabs is bigger than any other, without taking into account the space occupied by the ceiling and the flooring systems.
  • the US Patent 5,315,806 claims a concrete slab with its structure based on pyramids and upper and bottom reticular concrete structure with connected holes accessible only from one face.
  • the slab claimed in claim 1 introduces a reticular structure formed by a reinforced concrete lattice work.
  • This slab works as a hybrid between a solid concrete slab and a traditional lattice slab in which inner holes are introduced. These holes define a network of channels that allow the passing of all kind of facilities needed, including AC.
  • the lightweight slab of claim 1 has:
  • the inner holes are a basic and characteristic part of this invention. They are formed, in the structure, by the empty space left by a hypothetical prismatic volume and they open to the sides, at least in two of the opposite faces, connecting with the next volume, and creating a network of channels used for placing all kind of facilities (electricity, telephone, gas, water, etc.), or for allowing air conditioning circulation. These holes open also to the upper and bottom levels, creating through the said holes access to the inner channels.
  • the secondary reinforcements allow multiple configurations: a) in double diagonal thus forming nodes in the intersection with main reinforcements and in an intermediate crossing point; b) in diagonal thus forming nodes in the intersection with main reinforcements.
  • the primary reinforcements can be strengthened by other reinforcements crossed at 45o with the first ones. All the reinforcements can be wires, metallic profiles or also pre-stressed cables, depending on the technical requirements and whether the slab is manufactured in-situ or if it is a prefab element.
  • the primary and secondary reinforcements can be laid in the same direction, thus displaying a one-way structure, or in two directions thus displaying a two way structure.
  • the formwork is recoverable and is formed by: a bottom plate that determines the side distance with the next module, a parallelepiped or truncated-pyramid-shaped part with its edges softened, thus defining the inner hole; and secondary volumes that fit in two or four sides of the main module. These pieces configure the side holes of the filling, preferable with bigger section in the lower part. It must be cylindrical or truncated-pyramid-shaped in order to make its extraction easier. These boxes can be made of a transparent material that makes it possible to check visually the correct pouring and compacting works.
  • a kind of formwork used in the building of a one-way structure is defined by semi-boxes. Each one forms one side face of the structure and half of the upper and bottom faces. A polyhedral projection is placed in the adequate zone in order to form the existing hole in the structure.
  • Another kind of formwork that can be used to build this slab defines the inner hollows of the structure, can be recovered and it is formed by semi-sphere-shaped plates that connect with the next ones thus defining the holes for the inner channels. These parts are extracted from the upper or bottom levels through the hole that links, at least, one of the surfaces with the said holes.
  • a new kind of formwork that defines the inner holes of the structure consists of a formwork formed by pieces made of synthetic material, mortar or ceramic, preferably isolating. Each one of these pieces forms, either by itself or joined with other pieces, each hole together with its communication with the next holes. This layout works as a network of inner channels.
  • Another formwork type is formed by two thin plates made of a synthetic or rubber material properly connected with each other that, once inflated, they come apart and define the distance between pieces. These parts define the inner hollows, and the spaces left for the structural nodes.
  • Another formwork type is formed by inflatable balloons with a reticular layout. They connect to the sides when they are inflated. They are related by a network of gas ducts attached to a pump (26).
  • Flooring and ceiling supporting elements can be embedded in the structure filling. They can also work as separating elements for the reinforcements during the mounting works.
  • the inner network of channels has an element that allows the reception of wires or any other building services.
  • a slab like this compared with a conventional slab in which the ceiling and floor systems have no structural function, presents bigger inertia moment allowing 30 meter spans without intermediate supports; with the corresponding saving in concrete and steel.
  • the floor and ceilings are supported directly by the slab there is no need for special devices to raise the floor or the ceiling.
  • the horizontal holes allow for placing all kind of facilities and the circulation of big flows of air conditioning in all directions defining a plenum distribution system, with no need or piping.
  • This slab (1) introduces a system of main steel reinforcement elements (5,6) superposed up and down the structure. They are spaced by other intermediate reinforcements called secondary steel reinforcement elements (7), forming a layout of structural nodes, with a configuration similar to a lattice slab.
  • the set of hollows (2) that defines the inner space connects to the next by opening to the sides in order to form inner straight channels in one direction or in 2 reticular directions.
  • These hollows (2) are open to holes (3) and (4) on upper and bottom surfaces. This allows the access to the inner network of channels, for installation of and/or maintenance works on the facilities installed there.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show two examples of one-way and two-way structures.
  • Figure 2 shows the main reinforcements (5) (6) separated by the double diagonal secondary reinforcement (7), both displayed in one-way parallel lines and placed in a different level with respect the horizontal plane.
  • Figure 3 introduces an equivalent structure in which the main reinforcements (5'-5") and (6'-6") and the double diagonal secondary reinforcement (7'-7") cross in two directions, displaying a two-way reticular structure.
  • FIGs 2 and 3 show a double diagonal configuration, forming internal and external nodes in the points of intersection with main reinforcements (5) or (6).
  • FIG 4 another different disposal is represented, where the secondary reinforcements form a diagonal configuration.
  • figure 5 shows an example not forming part of the claimed subject-matter, in which the secondary elements are perpendicular to the main elements.
  • Figure 6 shows an example of two-way structure slab, with diagonal secondary reinforcements, opened to upper and bottom surfaces, and to the sides.
  • Figure 7 introduces a one-way slab, with the reinforcements displayed in double diagonal.
  • these hollows (2) are opened to other holes (4), at least in the upper and bottom surfaces; while in one-way example, the holes in the secondary structures direction are channels that link to each other through holes. They are opened at least to the upper and bottom surfaces and closed to the opposite face.
  • Figure 7 shows a slab with its main and secondary reinforcements, lying in one direction thus creating, once the filling is poured, a one-way structure.
  • FIG. 8 A formwork able to build this kind of slab is shown in figure 8 .
  • This formwork is recoverable and is formed by a) bottom plate, that determines the distance between modules and supports the structure and the filling; a parallelepiped or truncated-pyramid (8) with smooth edges defines the hollow main volume (2) of the slab; b) secondary volumes (10) that fit in the sides in two or four faces, configuring the side holes of the filling,. These volumes are preferably manufactured with bigger cross-section in the cylindrical or truncated-pyramid-shape, bottom part, to make extraction easier. c) upper window coupled from the top, to make the extraction from below easier (9)
  • the secondary volumes or windows are fitted in the main volume and are shaped by two truncated-cone-shaped halves that fit in each other to prevent movements.
  • the edges are smooth to make extraction easier through the hole left by the main formwork.
  • the secondary volumes or windows of the formwork can be closed (10) or open with different interchangeable sizes depending on secondary reinforcement (10') (10") (10"") adapting the system to solid zones or to different facilities needs.
  • Figure 10 shows another case in which the formwork upper holes tie the side windows thus making the formwork work as a whole, not being needed a complete main bucket.
  • transverse fittings are placed (39) to prevent the vertical movement of the pieces due to the pressures produced by the concrete pouring. Such fittings should be taken away before removing the pieces.
  • the formwork upper surface holes can have different sizes (9') (9") and be interchanged depending on the needs. They can be used as a pass for small section services. If the section is bigger, they can be used for checking the services from the upper surface, or to form a tridimensional lattice work.
  • the boxes (9) and tubular side elements (10) are made of a transparent synthetic material that allows the visual checking of the pouring and compacting of the filling, before the extraction is done.
  • this formwork can have holes to let the air left by the pouring escape.
  • figure 12 is shown a similar formwork to the one explained above when is a one-way structure.
  • This formwork is formed by semi-boxes (11). Each one of them shapes one side face of the structure and half of upper and bottom faces and introduces a polyhedral projection that shapes the existing hole (3) of the structure.
  • FIG 13 Another possible formwork method is introduced in figure 13 , formed by a layout of plates (12) that define the bottom surface which supports the slab. These plates (12) define points on which semi spherical elements (13) lay down in net distribution. These elements define the holes inside the slab. These elements connect with each other to create the inner network of channels.
  • the semi spherical shaped elements (13) define a bolt cap (16) apt to constitute an axis of rotation to engage against a stop (17) located in the supporting plate (12).
  • the mounting of four of this elements forms a spheroid that is closed by an auxiliary piece (14), fixed on the top part of the spheroid.
  • the bottom holes are defined by the supporting plate (12).
  • the side holes are formed when the spheroid is connected to the next one.
  • Figure 14 introduces a part of the slab obtained with this kind of formwork.
  • the result is a sponge look piece, full of inner holes (2), that link the side holes (3) and also to the upper holes (4).
  • Figure 15 introduces an example not forming part of the claimed subject-matter of another way of permanent formwork consisting of pieces with semi spherical shape (18), made of expanded polystyrene or any other synthetic material with the same isolating characteristics and strength enough to bear the formwork above it.
  • Two semi spheres (18) fit in each other and allow, joined to the next one by their holes, to define the layout of holes that characterizes this building technique.
  • the slab has its upper surface closed continuously, because of the enclosure of the semi spheres (20). This allows the concrete pouring above the formwork and the creation of a continuous surface without the typical holes of this slab system.
  • an inner system of recoverable covers that fit in the side holes of the main holes thus allowing the division of the inner space and the creation of AC channels or fireproof zones.
  • moving or static objects can be placed, allowing the entrance and exit of air, and the expulsion of gasses produced by the fire through the inner holes.
  • figure 16 another way of building a permanent formwork is represented, composed in this case by two thin plates (23) made of synthetic or rubber materials. These plates are properly joined to define, once inflated, bulges which will form the holes in the slab (2). There are also some cuts (24) correctly welded in its perimeter through which the reinforcements of the slab should be displayed.
  • This kind of slab is very easy to install because there is no moving, permanent or recoverable parts. A big surface can be displayed in a short time.
  • the formwork represented in figure 17 is another variation of the slab described above. It is formed by a plurality of balloons (25) that define the existing holes of the said formwork.
  • the whole set of balloons (25) is related through the bottom part by a network of channels (26), so that when they are inflated, they achieve the configuration represented in the figure and, once the pyramidal structures are mounted in the inner spaces between the balloons, with the corresponding upper and bottom reticular reinforcements, and the concrete is poured, once the balloons are deflected, they can be extracted from the bottom level. This configuration is optimal to create prefab pieces with these characteristics.
  • Figure 18 shows the supporting elements (27) (28) for the flooring and ceiling systems, which also define, during the building works of the slab, the distance elements of the reinforcements during the mounting.
  • Figure 19 represents a slab with floor (29) and ceiling (30).
  • the bottom holes (2) were used to hide the lighting devices (31), in other holes the wire trays (21) are located to receive the services that pass through the slab.
  • Another option of this configuration can be formed by a slab working as a ceiling covered by diffuse elements that allow, during the day, the passing of light through the holes of the slab. During the night the lighting devices (31) are placed in the bottom holes.
  • Figure 20 introduces an element beam or column shaped (32), with the same disposal as the slab of the invention, in the way of a concrete structure with holes (2) in its inner space, displaying structural lattice work nodes. It can be used for aesthetic or architectural uses.
  • a hypothetical prismatic volume that is extended following curve lines, we can reach the configuration displayed in figure 21 , in which we can see the configuration of a dome full of holes, displayed in a reticular way and separated by nodes that introduce the reinforcements.
  • Figure 22 shows a slab similar to the one explained in figure 7 , but with an enclosure (34) that separates the existing holes into the upper and bottom faces, creating a network of channels at both sides of the enclosure, that, is to say, at floor level and at ceiling level.
  • the secondary reinforcements are diagonal and built in-situ in two phases: in the first one, after placing the boxes and side holes, the filling is poured in the bottom part and the enclosure; in the second phase, after placing the main formwork boxes and side holes, the filling is poured on the upper part.
  • the main bottom and upper reinforcements can be wires that can be stressed in situ or pre-stressed in factory; this transmits pressure to the filling, and makes it more bending resistant.
  • the volume of filling compared to the volume of holes can be changed according to the resistance required in specific zones of the structure.
  • the reinforcements in the critical points can be formed by rolled profiles.
  • Figures 23 and 24 show a simple formwork formed by cylinder intersection (37), placed in 3 directions that intersect. They are removable as they fit in a parallelepiped (38) or in each other.
  • Figure 25 reintroduces a cross-section, where the wire trays (21) are seen passing through the holes. These trays can also be directly hanged from the bottom structural ribs of the slab. These trays can be the support of lighting appliances and other elements, as seen on the view There is also the possibility of displaying covers for the side (40) and bottom (39) holes working as a ceiling and defining zones where the air is distributed in a plenum way, with no need for specific ductwork. In the axonometric view, instead of plenum, a conventional air circulation system is disposed through flexible vent pipes and diffusers.

Claims (16)

  1. Eine Leichtbauplatte (1) oder ein ähnliches Strukturelement, das Einrichtungen aufnehmen kann, die durch die Platte hindurch verlängert werden, wobei die Leichtbauplatte leicht zugänglich ist:
    - zwei parallele Hauptstahlverstärkungselemente (5, 6), die sich parallel zueinander erstrecken, wobei jedes der beiden parallelen Hauptverstärkungselemente (5, 6) in einer anderen I-Ebene zueinander und zu den horizontal ebenen
    - Sekundärstahlverstärkungselementen (7) angeordnet ist
    wobei alle Verstärkungen in ein Mindestvolumen an Betonfüllung eingebettet sind, das ein solches Stahlverstärkungselement bedeckt und schützt, das Volumen der Betonfüllung während seiner Herstellung durch eine wiederherstellbare Schalung oder Form definiert wird, um eine hohle Haupt Volumen (2) der Leichtbauplatte (1), wobei die Schalung oder Form aus hohlen prismatischen oder pyramidenstumpfförmigen Volumen mit glatten Kanten und Spitzen oder aus halbkugelförmigen Elementen besteht, die die strukturelle Festigkeit verbessern und ihre Entnahme erleichtern, wenn es notwendig ist, die Formen zu entnehmen, und wobei die Betonfüllung offene Löcher (4, 3) neben den sekundären und Hauptstahlverstärkungselementen definiert, um eine Folge von miteinander verbundenen Knoten zu bilden, die ein Netz von offenen Kanälen der Leichtbauplatte bilden die sich in alle Richtungen durch das hohle Hauptvolumen (2) und die offenen Löcher (3, 4) erstrecken, sind so eingestellt, dass sie von einer unteren Ebene, einer oberen Ebene (4) und von den Seiten (3) aus zugänglich sind, um jede Art von Einrichtungen wie Elektrizität, Telekommunikation, Sanitär-, Klima- oder Lüftungsanlagen aufzunehmen, die Leichtbauplatte (1) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sich die sekundären Stahlverstärkungselemente (7) zwischen den beiden parallelen Hauptstahlverstärkungselementen (5, 6) erstrecken und diese sekundären Stahlverstärkungselemente (7) so angeordnet sind, dass sie eine Doppeldiagonale oder eine Einzeldiagonale in Bezug auf die Hauptstahlverstärkungselemente (5, 6) bilden, um eine Reihe von S trukturknoten zu bilden.
  2. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, bei der die oberen und unteren Hauptstahlverstärkungselemente (5, 6) Seile sind, die unter Vorspannung einen Druck übertragen auf die Füllung, die der Platte eine größere Biegefestigkeit verleiht.
  3. Eine Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Haupt- (5,6) und der Sekundärstahl (7) in einer Richtung verlängert sind und eine in der Füllung eingebettete Einwegstruktur bilden.
  4. Eine Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Haupt-(5'-5";) (6'-6";) und Nebenstahlverstärkungselemente (7'-7") in zwei Richtungen kreuzen und eine in der Füllung eingebettete Zweiwege-Struktur bilden.
  5. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Haupt- (5'-5";) (6'-6";) und Nebenstahlverstärkungselemente (7'-7") in drei Richtungen kreuzen und eine in der Füllung eingebettete Drei-Wege-Struktur bilden.
  6. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Leichtbauplatte, die aus einem prismatischen Volumen (32) mit einem Innenloch erzeugt wird, linear erstreckt und eine Balken-, Säulen- oder Rahmenstruktur bildet, um eine tragende Wand zu bilden, wenn ihre Anordnung horizontal ist.
  7. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zentrale Einfassung (34) 10 die Löcher zwischen Ober- und Unterseite trennt, um das Netzwerk von Kanälen zu beiden Seiten der Einfassung zu schaffen.
  8. Eine Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, bestehend aus
    - Kabelpritschen (21), die über die Löcher gelegt und von den unteren Rippen der leichten Plattenkonstruktionen, bewegliche oder feste Elemente, die den Luftein- und -austritt direkt oder über Rohrleitungen ermöglichen
    - Deckel (39), die die Luftverteilungszonen im Plenum definieren, so dass es nicht notwendig ist, spezifische Kanäle zu platzieren.
  9. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, bei der jeder der Knoten Stützelemente für einen Boden (27) oder für eine Decke (28) enthält, die bei der Montage Abstandshalter für die Stahlverstärkungselemente sind.
  10. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalung oder Form wiederherstellbar ist. Sie umfasst:
    a) Eine Platte (8), die den seitlichen Abstand zwischen den Modulen definiert, befestigt an einem pyramidenstumpfförmigen Stück (9) mit glatten Kanten, das das innere Loch definiert und das Hauptvolumen der Schalung ist.
    b) Sekundärvolumen (10) oder Seitenfenster, in die vier Seiten des Hauptteils eingepasst werden und die die Seitenlöcher des Systems einstellen, wobei der Querschnitt im unteren Ende des Zylinders bzw. der pyramidenstumpfförmigen Teile größer sein sollte, um das Herausziehen der Schalungen zu erleichtern.
    c) Wahlweise ein von oben gekoppeltes Volumen oder oberes Fenster in Form eines Kegelstumpfes, um die Entnahme von unten zu erleichtern (9)
  11. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sekundärvolumina 5 (10) an dem Hauptvolumen befestigt sind und aus zwei kegelstumpfförmigen Hälften gebildet werden, die ineinander passen, um ihre relative Bewegung zu verhindern, was die Entnahme aus dem von dem Hauptstück hinterlassenen Loch erleichtert, wobei diese seitlichen Fenster mit unterschiedlichen Größen geschlossen oder geöffnet werden können.
    Gleichzeitig können diese Seitenfenster in verschiedenen Größen geschlossen oder geöffnet werden (10') (10")(10''')austauschbar und angepassbar, wenn die Anforderungen an feste 10 Zonen oder unterschiedliche Ausrüstungseinrichtungen erfüllt werden müssen; die Sekundärvolumina (10), die bei der Konstruktion der Platte verwendet werden, passen in das Hauptteil, das vertikal bewegt werden kann; die Sekundärvolumina sind durch überlappende Teile am Hauptteil befestigt, um die Entnahme des Systems nach dem Gießen der Betonfüllung zu ermöglichen:
    die Sekundärvolumina haben eine zur Hauptschalung parallele Geometrie, die die Verschiebung des Stücks verhindert, wobei ein Teil aus elastischem Material die Fuge zwischen den Stücken abdichtet; die Sekundärvolumina sind verdübelt und verbunden (39), um ihre vertikalen Verschiebungen aufgrund des während der Betonierphase erzeugten Drucks zu verhindern;
    die oberen Fenster (9), die bei der Konstruktion der Platte verwendet werden, unterschiedliche Größen haben und je nach der benötigten Verwendung (9') austauschbar sind (9"); die Teile, die geeignet sind, Querschnittseinrichtungen aufzunehmen, wobei sie, wenn der Querschnitt größer ist, verwendet werden können, um Einrichtungen von oben zu erreichen oder ein dreidimensionales Gitterwerk zu bilden, und
    obere Fenster (9') (9"), die bei der Konstruktion der Decke verwendet wurden, um alle Seitenschalungen miteinander zu verbinden damit das Schalungssystem als Ganzes funktioniert.
  12. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalung wiederherstellbar ist und durch halbkugelförmige Elemente (13) gebildet wird, die so konfiguriert sind, dass sie ineinander passen, um innere Strukturlöcher der Leichtbauplatte zu definieren, wobei die Elemente (13) so konfiguriert sind, dass sie miteinander verbunden sind, um ein Netzwerk von offenen Kanälen der Leichtbauplatte zu definieren;
    wobei die Elemente (13) jeweils entweder von oben oder von unten durch die Löcher, die mindestens eine der Oberflächen verbinden, aus der Leichtbauplatte herausgezogen werden können.
    mit den genannten Löchern, wobei im Falle einer Einwegstrukturschalung diese durch Halbkasten definiert ist (11) die jeweils eine Seitenfläche der Struktur und die Hälfte der Ober- und Unterseite bilden und in einen flanschartigen polyedrischen Bereich einen polyedrischen Vorsprung einbettet, der mit dem bestehenden Fenster der Struktur übereinstimmt.
  13. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 12, bei der jedes halbkugelförmige Element (13) aus Kunststoff, Mörtel oder Keramik besteht.
  14. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, wobei die Schalung oder Form zwei 10 aufgeblasene dünne Platten (23, 24) aus Kunststoff- oder Gummimaterial umfasst, die so miteinander verbunden sind, dass sie, wenn sie aufgeblasen sind und sich voneinander lösen, innere Löcher und Räume für Strukturknoten definieren.
  15. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, wobei die Schalung oder Form eine Vielzahl von aufblasbaren Ballons (25) aufweist, die in netzartiger Anordnung angeordnet und seitlich verbunden sind, wenn sie aufgeblasen sind, und die durch Leitungen verbunden sind, die mit einem Pumpsystem (26) verbunden sind, das, einmal aufgeblasen, die Konstruktion einer Struktur der Leichtbauplatte auf der Oberseite der aufblasbaren Ballons (25) ermöglicht.
  16. Leichtbauplatte nach der Forderung 1, wobei die Schalung oder Form aus mehreren Zylindern besteht, die sich in drei Richtungen entfernbar miteinander kreuzen.
EP11800220.3A 2010-06-28 2011-06-24 Leichtgewichtige und erweiterbare platte oder ähnlich strukturiertes element zur aufnahme von zugangsvorrichtungen Active EP2589719B1 (de)

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ES201000839A ES2356546B2 (es) 2010-06-28 2010-06-28 Un forjado o elemento estructural similar aligerado por el que pueden discurrir instalaciones registrables.
PCT/ES2011/070458 WO2012001193A1 (es) 2010-06-28 2011-06-24 Un forjado o elemento estructural similar aligerado por el que pueden discurrir instalaciones registrables

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EP2589719A1 (de) 2013-05-08
AU2011273373A1 (en) 2013-02-14
BR112012033317A2 (pt) 2016-11-22
US20130160385A1 (en) 2013-06-27
BR112012033317B1 (pt) 2020-05-26
KR20140009962A (ko) 2014-01-23
WO2012001193A1 (es) 2012-01-05
ES2356546A1 (es) 2011-04-11
EP2589719A4 (de) 2016-09-28
KR101967432B1 (ko) 2019-08-13
CN103069087B (zh) 2015-07-08
JP2017082581A (ja) 2017-05-18
ES2356546B2 (es) 2011-09-14
MA34386B1 (fr) 2013-07-03
US8943771B2 (en) 2015-02-03
MX2012015226A (es) 2013-04-03
AU2011273373B2 (en) 2017-01-19
JP6062361B2 (ja) 2017-01-18
BR112012033317B8 (pt) 2021-11-09
CL2012003580A1 (es) 2013-10-25
EA034920B1 (ru) 2020-04-07
CN103069087A (zh) 2013-04-24
JP2013529735A (ja) 2013-07-22
CA2803720A1 (en) 2012-01-05
CO6660485A2 (es) 2013-04-30
SG186484A1 (en) 2013-02-28
PE20131067A1 (es) 2013-10-13
EA201370005A1 (ru) 2013-07-30

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