EP2583310A1 - Module photovoltaïque en plastique et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Module photovoltaïque en plastique et son procédé de fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2583310A1 EP2583310A1 EP11724154.7A EP11724154A EP2583310A1 EP 2583310 A1 EP2583310 A1 EP 2583310A1 EP 11724154 A EP11724154 A EP 11724154A EP 2583310 A1 EP2583310 A1 EP 2583310A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- meth
- acrylate
- weight
- page
- module according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title description 32
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006352 transparent thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 56
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 12
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 6
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NC=N1 FYADHXFMURLYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclohexene Chemical compound CC1=CCCCC1 CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CO1 PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-thiazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CS1 JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXOFQPMQHAHBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1CC2C=CC1(CC)C2 WXOFQPMQHAHBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol B Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HTVITOHKHWFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- VOLGAXAGEUPBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N $l^{1}-oxidanylethane Chemical compound CC[O] VOLGAXAGEUPBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWESROVQGZSBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC2=CC=CN=C21 BWESROVQGZSBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006120 scratch resistant coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZLGWXNBXAXOQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)F ZLGWXNBXAXOQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDUKMRHNZZLJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCC2OC21 UDUKMRHNZZLJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HILHCDFHSDUYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(pentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HILHCDFHSDUYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/325—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising polycycloolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
- B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/40—Mobile PV generator systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/51—Elastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/60—In a particular environment
- B32B2309/68—Vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lightweight photovoltaic module (PV) with high
- Caravan is suitable, as well as a method for its production.
- a photovoltaic module is understood below to mean an arrangement of one or more solar cells, an encapsulation of the solar cells and
- the fastening means of the photovoltaic module on a support optionally the fastening means of the photovoltaic module on a support.
- Photovoltaic power generators can make a significant contribution to
- the adhesive consists of an uncrosslinked copolymer composed of an amino group-containing, monoethylenically unsaturated, radically polymerizable monomer and an alkyl ester of (meth) acrylic acid. Page 3 of 39
- (Meth) acrylate monomers the functional monomers having tertiary or quaternary amino groups and further containing 0.1 wt .-% to 45 wt .-% of an acid group-containing acrylate or (meth) acrylate polymers or copolymers and a plasticizer.
- (Meth) acrylate monomers the functional monomers having tertiary or quaternary amino groups and further comprises 0.1 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% of an organic di- or tricarboxylic acid and a plasticizer.
- Load changes in use can not break the cells.
- the cover must be inert to the usual environmental influences, such as rain or hail
- FIG. It consists of a plastic disc, an elastic intermediate layer with embedded PV cells and a barrier foil or a second one
- Plastic disc as a barrier plate.
- the structure consists of a weather-resistant, transparent plastic disc made of a thermoplastic material with sufficient mechanical strength, eg PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or PC (polycarbonate) with about 5 mm thickness.
- the thickness of the transparent plastic disc made of a thermoplastic material is between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 8 mm and completely Particularly preferably 3 mm to 6 mm, a durable in the service temperature range (-40 to +80 degrees C) intermediate layer (eg a polyacrylate or a silicone with about 0.1 mm - 5.0 mm thickness, preferably between 0 , 15 mm - 4.5 mm and most preferably 0.2 mm - 4.0 mm thickness), in which the PV cells are embedded and a barrier layer or barrier plate, which protects the PV cells from external mechanical and climatic influences (eg PET, PVF, PMMA, PC with approx. 0.1 mm - 4.0 mm thickness).
- a barrier layer or barrier plate which protects the PV cells from
- Polycarbonates are known in the art. Polycarbonates can be formally considered as polyesters of carbonic acid and aliphatic or aromatic dihydroxy compounds. They are readily accessible by reaction of diglycols or bisphenols with phosgene or carbonic diesters in
- polycarbonates are preferred which are derived from bisphenols.
- bisphenols include in particular 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane (bisphenol B), 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl ) cyclohexane (bisphenol C), 2,2'-methylenediphenol (bisphenol F), 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (tetrabromobisphenol A) and 2,2-bis (3,5-bis) dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (tetramethyl bisphenol A).
- the bisphenols are used as an aqueous, alkaline solution in inert organic solvents, such as
- Step reaction reacted with phosgene.
- Amines are used as catalysts, and in the case of sterically hindered bisphenols also phase transfer catalysts are used.
- the resulting polymers are soluble in the organic solvents used. Page 6 of 39
- Cycloolefinic polymers are polymers obtainable using cyclic olefins, especially polycyclic olefins.
- Cyclic olefins include, for example, monocyclic olefins, such as cyclopentene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene and alkyl derivatives of these monocyclic olefins having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, such as methylcyclohexene or dimethylcyclohexene, and acrylate and / or methacrylate derivatives of these monocyclic Links.
- cycloalkanes having olefinic side chains can also be used as cyclic olefins, such as cyclopentyl methacrylate.
- bridged, polycyclic olefin compounds Preference is given to bridged, polycyclic olefin compounds. These polycyclic olefin compounds may have the double bond both in the ring, which are bridged polycyclic cycloalkenes, as well as in
- Compounds may further include alkyl, aryl or aralkyl substituents.
- Exemplary polycyclic compounds are, without thereby a
- the cycloolefinic polymers are prepared using at least one of the cycloolefinic compounds described above, in particular the
- cycloolefinic polymers in the preparation of the cycloolefinic polymers further olefins can be used which can be copolymerized with the aforementioned cycloolefinic monomers. These include u.a. Ethylene, propylene, isoprene, butadiene,
- Methyl pentene, styrene and vinyl toluene Methyl pentene, styrene and vinyl toluene.
- olefins especially the cycloolefins and polycycloolefins, can be obtained commercially.
- many cyclic and polycyclic olefins are available through Diels-Alder addition reactions.
- the preparation of the cycloolefinic polymers can be carried out in a known manner, as described i.a. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 1 1818/1972, 43412/1983, 1442/1986 and 19761/1987, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei.
- the cycloolefinic polymers can be polymerized in a solvent using, for example, aluminum compounds, vanadium compounds, tungsten compounds or boron compounds as a catalyst.
- the catalyst used can be carried out under ring opening or under opening of the double bond.
- plastic preferably of PMMA
- a weight saving of the order of 50% is achieved.
- Another preferred plastic comprises poly (meth) acrylates. These polymers are generally obtained by free radical polymerization of mixtures containing (meth) acrylates.
- the term (meth) acrylates include methacrylates and acrylates as well as mixtures of both.
- (Meth) acrylates derived from saturated alcohols, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate;
- Cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, bornyl (meth) acrylate; Hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, such as 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate,
- Glycol di (meth) acrylates such as 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylates of ether alcohols, such as
- Pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate Pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate.
- these mixtures contain at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight and more preferably at least 80% by weight, based on the weight of the
- compositions to be polymerized may also contain other unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with methyl methacrylate and the abovementioned (meth) acrylates.
- 1-alkenes such as hexene-1, heptene-1
- branched alkenes such as vinylcyclohexane, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propene, 3-methyl-1-diisobutylene, 4-methylpentene-1
- acrylonitrile Vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate
- Styrene substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent in the side chain, such as.
- ⁇ -methylstyrene and ⁇ -ethylstyrene substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent on the ring, such as
- Heterocyclic vinyl compounds such as 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, 3-ethyl-4-vinylpyridine, 2,3-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridine, vinylpyrimidine, vinylpiperidine, 9-vinylcarbazole, 3-vinylcarbazole, 4-vinylcarbazole, 1-vinylimidazole,
- these comonomers are used in an amount of 0% by weight.
- Page 10 of 39 is preferably 0 wt .-% to 40 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomers used, wherein the compounds individually or as a mixture can be used.
- Page 10 of 39 is preferably 0 wt .-% to 40 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, based on the weight of the monomers used, wherein the compounds individually or as a mixture can be used.
- the polymerization is generally started with known free-radical initiators.
- free-radical initiators include the azo initiators well known in the art, such as AIBN and 1,1-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, as well as peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetyl acetone peroxide,
- These compounds are often used in an amount of from 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 3% by weight, based on the weight of
- the aforementioned polymers may be used singly or as a mixture. It is also possible to use various polycarbonates, poly (meth) acrylates or cycloolefinic polymers which are present, for example, in the
- plastic substrates according to the invention can be made, for example
- thermoplastic molding processes such as extrusion or injection molding.
- the weight-average molecular weight M w of the present invention as a molding composition for producing the plastic substrates to be used homo- and / or
- Copolymers can vary widely, the molecular weight usually being based on the application and the processing of the
- Molding compound is tuned. In general, however, it is in the range between Page 11 of 39
- plastic substrates can be produced by Gußsch.
- suitable (meth) acrylic mixtures are added in a mold and polymerized.
- Such (meth) acrylic mixtures have in the
- the weight average molecular weight of polymers prepared by cast-chamber processes is in the range of 500,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, but is not intended to be limiting.
- the (meth) acrylic mixtures can be the copolymers described above and, in particular for adjusting the viscosity, polymers, in particular
- Mold release agents flame retardants, lubricants, dyes,
- Phosphorus compounds such as phosphites, phosphorinanes, phospholanes or
- the plastic substrates made of PMMA can be made impact-resistant.
- the impact-modified poly (meth) acrylate plastic consists of 20 wt .-% to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 wt .-% to 70 wt .-% of a poly (meth) acrylate matrix and 80 wt .-% bis 20% by weight, preferably 70% by weight to 30% by weight, of elastomer particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 150 nm (measurement, for example, by the ultracentrifuge method).
- the elastomer particles dispersed in the poly (meth) acrylate matrix have a core with a soft elastomer phase and a bonded thereto
- the impact-modified poly (meth) acrylate plastic consists of a proportion of matrix polymer polymerized from at least 80 wt .-% units
- the matrix polymer consists in particular of 80% by weight to 100% by weight, preferably 90% by weight - 99.5% by weight, of free-radically polymerized
- the average molecular weight M w (weight average) of the matrix is preferably in the range from 90,000 g / mol to 200,000 g / mol, in particular from 100,000 g / mol to 150,000 g / mol (determination of M w by means of
- the determination of the molecular weight M w can Page 13 of 39 for example by gel permeation chromatography or by scattered light method (see, for example, BHF Mark et al., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and
- VET ISO 306-B50
- VET ISO 306-B50
- the impact modifier is the impact modifier
- the polymethacrylate matrix contains an impact modifier, which z. B. may be a two- or three-shell constructed impact modifier.
- Impact modifiers for polymethacrylate plastics are well known. Production and construction of impact-modified polymethacrylate molding compositions are, for. In EP-A 0 1 13 924, EP-A 0 522 351, EP-A 0 465 049 and EP-A 0 683 028.
- the polymethacrylate matrix are 1 wt .-% to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 3 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, in particular 5 wt .-%. % to 12% by weight of an impact modifier which is an elastomeric phase of crosslinked polymer particles.
- the impact modifier is prepared in per se known manner by bead polymerization or by
- crosslinked particles obtainable by means of bead polymerization and having an average particle size in the range from 10 nm to 150 nm, preferably 20 nm to 100 nm, in particular 30 nm to 90 nm. These usually consist of at least 40% by weight %, preferably 50% by weight - 70% by weight
- Methyl methacrylate 20% to 40%, preferably 25% to 35%, by weight Page 14 of 39
- (Meth) acrylate such.
- Preferred impact modifiers are polymer particles which may have a two- or three-layer core-shell structure and by
- Emulsion polymerization see, for example, EP-A 0 1 13 924, EP-A 0 522 351, EP-A 0 465 049 and EP-A 0 683 028). Suitable particle sizes of these
- emulsion polymers must be in the range from 10 nm to 150 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 120 nm, particularly preferably 50 nm to 100 nm.
- a three-layer or three-phase structure with a core and two shells can be designed as follows.
- An innermost (hard) shell may, for. B consists essentially of methyl methacrylate, small proportions of comonomers, such as. For example, ethyl acrylate and a crosslinker, z. As allyl methacrylate, exist.
- the middle (soft) shell can z. B. from butyl acrylate and optionally styrene, while the outermost (hard) shell substantially corresponds to the matrix polymer, whereby the compatibility and good binding to the matrix is effected.
- the polybutyl acrylate content of the impact modifier is crucial for the impact strength and is preferably in the range of 20 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 25 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%.
- the toughening modifier and matrix polymer can be melt-blended into toughened polymethacrylate molding compositions.
- the discharged material is usually first to granules Page 15 of 39 cut. This can be further processed by means of extrusion or injection molding into moldings, such as plates or injection-molded parts.
- a system known in principle from EP 0 528 196 A1 which is a two-phase, impact-modified polymer of: a1) 10% by weight to 95% by weight of a coherent hard phase with a glass transition temperature T mg above 70 ° C, composed of a1 1) 80 wt .-% to 100 wt .-% (based on a1) of methyl methacrylate and
- Monomers, and a2) from 90% by weight to 5% by weight of a hard phase advantageous toughening phase having a glass transition temperature T mg below -10 ° C., synthesized from a21) from 50% by weight to 99.5% by weight a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl acrylate (based on a2)
- Emulsion polymerization are generated in water, such as. B. in DE-A 38 42 796 described.
- the toughening phase a2) is produced which is composed of at least 50% by weight, preferably more than 80% by weight, of lower alkyl acrylates, resulting in a glass transition temperature T mg of this phase of below -10 ° C. results.
- crosslinking monomers a22) are (meth) acrylic esters of diols, such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or 1, 4-butanediol dimethacrylate, aromatic compounds having two vinyl or allyl groups, such as divinylbenzene, or other crosslinkers having two ethylenically unsaturated, radically polymerizable radicals, such as , As allyl methacrylate as Pfropfvern etzer used.
- crosslinkers containing three or more unsaturated, radically polymerizable groups such as allyl groups or (meth) acrylic groups
- examples of crosslinkers containing three or more unsaturated, radically polymerizable groups include triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and trimethacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and tetramethacrylate. Further examples are given in US Pat. No. 4,513,118.
- the ethylenically unsaturated, free-radically polymerizable monomers mentioned under a23) can be, for example, acrylic or methacrylic acid and also their
- the particle size of the toughening phase essentially depends on the concentration of the emulsifier.
- the particle size can be controlled by the use of a seed latex. Particles having an average particle size (weight average) below 130 nm, preferably below 70 nm, and with a nonuniformity U 80 of Page 17 of 39
- Emulsifier concentrations of 0.15 wt .-% to 1, 0 wt .-%, based on the water phase reached. This is especially true for anionic emulsifiers, such as the most preferred alkoxylated and sulfated paraffins.
- polymerization initiators z. B. 0.01 wt .-% to 0.5 wt .-% alkali or ammonium peroxodisulfate, based on the water phase used and the
- Polymerization is initiated at temperatures of 20 to 100 ° C. Preference is given to redox systems, for example a combination of 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of organic hydroperoxide and 0.05% by weight to 0.15% by weight.
- the hard phase a1) covalently bonded to the toughening phase a2) to at least 15% by weight has a glass transition temperature of at least 70 ° C. and can be composed exclusively of methyl methacrylate.
- Comonomers a12) may contain up to 20% by weight of one or more further ethylenically unsaturated, radically polymerizable monomers in the hard phase, alkyl (meth) acrylates, preferably alkyl acrylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, being used in amounts such that the above
- the polymerization of the hard phase a1) in a second stage also proceeds in emulsion using the usual auxiliaries, as used, for example, for the polymerization of the tough phase a2).
- the hard phase contains low molecular weight and / or copolymerized UV absorbers in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on A as a component of the comonomers
- Low molecular weight UV absorbers may be, for example, derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenone or 2-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole or salicylic acid phenylester. In general, the low molecular weight UV absorbers have a molecular weight of less than 2 x
- UV absorbers with low volatility at the processing temperature and homogeneous miscibility with the hard phase a1) of the polymer A.
- Particularly preferred molding compositions containing poly (meth) acrylates are commercially available under the trade name PLEXIGLAS ® by the company. Evonik Röhm.
- Preferred molding compositions comprising cycloolefinic polymers can be obtained under the trade names Topas® from Ticona and Zeonex® from Nippon Zeon.
- Polycarbonate molding compounds are available, for example, under the trade names Makroion® from Bayer or Lexan® from General Electric.
- the plastic particularly preferably comprises at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the substrate,
- the plastic substrates are made of polymethyl methacrylate, wherein the polymethyl methacrylate may contain conventional additives.
- plastics can be a
- the plastic with a
- Scratch-resistant siloxane coatings which can be used to prepare the coating are known per se and are used to furnish polymeric glazing materials. They are characterized by their inorganic character by good resistance to UV radiation and weathering.
- siloxane varnishes can be obtained, inter alia, by condensation or hydrolysis of organic silicon compounds of the general formula (I) wherein R 1 represents a group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, X represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen, and n represents an integer of 0 to 3, wherein different groups X or R 1 may each be the same or different.
- a group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms denotes radicals of organic compounds having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It includes alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic groups, alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and heteroaliphatic and heteroaromatic groups, which in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms in particular oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus atoms.
- the groups mentioned may be branched or unbranched, it being possible for the radical R 1 to be substituted or unsubstituted.
- the substituents include in particular halogens, 1 to 20
- halogen denotes a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
- the preferred alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1, 1 Dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, nonyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl and the eicosyl groups ,
- the preferred cycloalkyl groups include the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl groups, which
- the preferred alkenyl groups include the vinyl, allyl, 2-methyl-2-propene, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-decenyl and 2-eicosenyl groups.
- the preferred alkynyl groups include the ethynyl, propargyl, 2-methyl-2-propyne, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and 2-decynyl groups.
- Preferred alkanoyl groups include the formyl, acetyl, propionyl, 2-methylpropionyl, butyryl, valeroyl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, decanoyl and the
- Preferred alkoxycarbonyl groups include the methoxycarbonyl
- the preferred alkoxy groups include the methoxy, epoxy, propoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, hexyloxy, 2-methylhexyloxy, decyloxy or dodecyloxy group.
- the preferred cycloalkoxy groups include cycloalkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred
- Cycloalkyl groups is. Page 21 of 39
- Preferred heteroaliphatic groups include those listed above
- said preferred cycloalkyl radicals in which at least one carbon unit is replaced by O, S or a group NR 8 and R 8 is hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy or an aryl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- aromatic groups are radicals of mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic compounds having preferably 6 to 14, in particular 6 to 12, carbon atoms.
- Heteroaromatic groups denote aryl radicals in which at least one CH group has been replaced by N and / or at least two adjacent CH groups have been replaced by S, NH or O.
- Aromatic or heteroaromatic groups which are preferred according to the invention are derived from benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane, diphenyldimethylmethane, bisphenone,
- Preferred radicals R 1 can be represented by the formulas (II),
- the radical R 1 represents a methyl or ethyl group.
- the alkyl radical of the alkoxy group preferably also by the above formulas (II), (III) or (IV) is representable.
- the group X preferably represents a methoxy or ethoxy radical or a bromine or chlorine atom.
- These compounds may be used singly or as a mixture to prepare siloxane varnishes.
- chains or branched siloxanes are formed by hydrolysis or condensation from the silane compounds of the formula (I).
- at least 60% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, of the silane compounds used have at least three alkoxy groups or halogen atoms, based on the weight of the condensable silanes.
- Tetraalkoxysilanes include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane,
- Trialkoxysilanes include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane,
- Dialkoxysilanes include dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, di-n-propyldimethoxysilane,
- Di-n-octyl-diethoxysilane di-n-cyclohexyl-dimethoxysilane, di-n-cyclohexyl-diethoxysilane, diphenyl-dimethoxysilane and diphenyl-diethoxysilane.
- methyltrimethoxysilane methyltriethoxysilane
- Alkyltrialkoxysilanes at least 80 wt .-%, in particular at least 90 wt .-%, based on the weight of the silane compounds used.
- siloxane coatings described above can be commercially available under the
- the plastic disc can be flat or e.g. be arched by previous forming.
- the radius of curvature of the plastic disk may be between 0.4 m and 100 m, preferably between 0.5 m and 80 m and most preferably between 0.6 m and 60 m.
- the permanently elastic intermediate layer must have a low elastic modulus of a maximum of 500 MPa according to DIN ISO 527 and good adhesion to the
- Plastic disk, to the PV cells and the barrier layer have.
- the adhesion can be improved if necessary by a primer as adhesion promoter.
- suitable substrates for the elastic intermediate layer are acrylates (DuploCOLL ® VP20618 or CPT 3000 from Fa. Lohmann), silicones (Silgel ® 612 from Fa. Wacker), polyurethanes (Vestanat ® T / oxyesters T of Fa. Evonik) or thermoplastic elastomers ( TPU Krystalflex ® PE 429 of Messrs. Huntsman)
- silicone resins in aliphatic hydrocarbon for example, primer from Wacker: Primer G 790
- primers from Wacker: Primer G 790 silicone resins in aliphatic hydrocarbon
- PV cells all known cell types, e.g. monocrystalline,
- multicrystalline silicon cells or thin-film PV cells are used.
- the barrier layer is usually transparent or non-transparent
- PET such as for example Tritan ® FX 100 (Eastman), for example, PVF Tedlar ((DuPont), PMMA eg PLEX ® 8943 F (Evonik)).
- the manufacturing process of the PV module is effected by lamination in a moderate temperature range (for example between about 0 degrees C and 90 degrees C, preferably between 10 degrees C and 80 degrees C and most preferably between 15 degrees C and 75 degrees C).
- a moderate temperature range for example between about 0 degrees C and 90 degrees C, preferably between 10 degrees C and 80 degrees C and most preferably between 15 degrees C and 75 degrees C.
- the elastic intermediate layer may be in one or two stages in the form of films or in the form of thermoplastic or liquid, optionally more reactive
- Components e.g., 2K systems.
- a film (2a) of the elastic intermediate layer is applied to the plastic disc (1).
- the already soldered to strings PV cells are placed and then covered with a second film (2b) of the elastic intermediate layer.
- the barrier film (3) is applied.
- the barrier film has been provided as a composite film on one side with the elastic intermediate layer (3 + 2b), the separate process step with the film (2b) is unnecessary.
- the composite thus obtained is then pressed in a suitable shape adapted to the geometry or curvature of the plastic disk.
- Process step is characterized in that it can be done without heat or with only low heat.
- Page 26 of 39
- the pressing pressure is between 0.001 N / mm 2 and 10 N / mm 2 , preferably between 0.01 N / mm 2 and 5 N / mm 2 and very particularly preferably between 0.03 N / mm 2 and 3 N / mm 2 .
- the compression can be carried out under vacuum to remove air bubbles, the pressure range is between 0.00001 bar and 0.9 bar, preferably in the range between 0.0001 bar and 0.5 bar, most preferably in the range between 0.001 bar and 0.3 bar.
- the second and third laminating step may advantageously coincide if the barrier film is previously unilaterally with the elastic
- lamination can be done under vacuum to remove air bubbles.
- a plate PMMA / PMMA-Solar (brand: PLEXIGLAS ® Solar, manufactured and sold by Evonik Röhm GmbH) is used in a laminator with a
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter.
- the plate is preferably covered with photovoltaic cells in a vacuum and the composite is laminated again with an acrylate adhesive layer.
- the nip width results from the formula of the first lamination.
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component. All steps are done at room temperature
- a strand PMMA / PMMA-Solar (Brand: Solar PLEXIGLAS ®, manufactured and marketed by Evonik Röhm GmbH) is immediately after extrusion in a laminator with a Acrylatklebetik (CPT DuploCOLL ® 500, manufactured by Fa Lohmann.) Coated.
- CPT DuploCOLL ® 500 Acrylatklebetik 500, manufactured by Fa Lohmann.
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter.
- the plate is preferably covered with photovoltaic cells in a vacuum and the composite is laminated again with an acrylate adhesive layer.
- the nip width results from the formula of the first lamination. Page 28 of 39
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component. At the end of the route, there is lamination and the length of the strand to form individual modules.
- PMMA / PMMA-Solar brand: PLEXIGLAS ® Solar, manufactured and sold by Evonik Röhm GmbH
- one or more dispensers are used to apply one grade of silicone (Silgel ® 612 from Wacker) or several types of silicone.
- the application thickness is 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- Silicone layer is now under UV lamps or infrared radiators or a
- the plate is preferably covered in vacuum with photovoltaic cells.
- a layer of silicone On the composite is now applied again a layer of silicone.
- This layer can again consist of several types of silicone and has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- the reaction of the silicone layer is now carried out under UV lamps or infrared radiators or a combination of both.
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter. Page 29 of 39
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component.
- PMMA / PMMA-Solar brand: PLEXIGLAS ® Solar, manufactured and sold by Evonik Röhm GmbH
- silicone Silicongel ® 612 from Wacker
- the application thickness is 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- the silicone layer is now carried out under UV lamps or infrared radiators or a combination of both.
- the plate is preferably covered in vacuum with photovoltaic cells.
- a layer of silicone On the composite is now applied again a layer of silicone.
- This layer can again consist of several types of silicone and has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- the reaction of the silicone layer is now carried out under UV lamps or infrared radiators or a combination of both.
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter.
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component. At the end of the route, there is lamination and the length of the strand to form individual modules. Page 30 of 39
- PMMA / PMMA-Solar brand: PLEXIGLAS ® Solar, manufactured and sold by Evonik Röhm GmbH
- one or more dispensers are used to apply one grade of silicone (Silgel ® 612 from Wacker) or several types of silicone.
- the application thickness is 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- the silicone layer is now carried out under UV lamps or infrared radiators or a combination of both.
- the plate is preferably covered in vacuum with photovoltaic cells.
- a layer of silicone On the composite is now applied again a layer of silicone.
- This layer can again consist of several types of silicone and has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- the reaction of the silicone layer is now carried out under UV lamps or infrared radiators or a combination of both.
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter.
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component.
- Polyurethane embedding composition :
- PMMA / PMMA-Solar (brand: PLEXIGLAS ® Solar, produced and sold by Evonik Röhm GmbH) is connected directly to the extrusion line by means of one or more dispensers of a mixture of one or more types Page 31 of 39
- the plate is preferably covered in vacuum with photovoltaic cells.
- a layer of polyurethane On the composite is now applied again a layer of polyurethane.
- This layer may again consist of several types of polyurethane and has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
- Infrared radiators or a combination of both.
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter.
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component. At the end of the route, there is lamination and the length of the strand to form individual modules.
- a plate PMMA / PMMA-Solar (Brand: Solar PLEXIGLAS ®, manufactured and marketed by Evonik Röhm GmbH) is coated in a laminator with a TPU layer (Krystalflex ® PE 429, manufactured by Huntsman.).
- TPU layer Kerstalflex ® PE 429, manufactured by Huntsman.
- the PMMA plate from below and the TPU film are guided under the influence of temperature from above into the nip.
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter.
- the plate is preferably covered in vacuum with photovoltaic cells and the composite again laminated with an adhesive layer of a TPU.
- Nip width results from the formula of the first lamination. Page 32 of 39
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component. All steps are done at room temperature
- a strand PMMA / PMMA-Solar (Brand: PLEXIGLAS ® Solar, manufactured and sold by Evonik Röhm GmbH) is immediately after extrusion in a laminator with a TPU layer (Krystalflex ® PE 429, manufactured by Huntsman.) Coated.
- a laminator with a TPU layer (Krystalflex ® PE 429, manufactured by Huntsman.) Coated.
- the PMMA strand from below and the TPU film under
- the nip has the width of the cumulative thicknesses of the individual components minus zero to five tenths of a millimeter.
- the plate is preferably covered in vacuum with photovoltaic cells and the composite again laminated with an adhesive layer of a TPU.
- Nip width results from the formula of the first lamination.
- the composite can now be additionally provided with sheet metal or a sandwich component.
- the PV modules were examined for weathering stability.
- the PV modules were examined for weathering stability.
- PV modules according to the invention are generally very resistant to Page 33 of 39
- the weathering resistance according to DIN 53387 (Xenotest) is at least 5,000 hours.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un composite pour l'encapsulage de cellules solaires, un module photovoltaïque, constitué des éléments suivants : une couche de revêtement en thermoplastique transparent et/ou un film barrière; une couche élastique, dans laquelle sont incorporées les cellules solaires; et un film barrière ou une plaque barrière.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010030074A DE102010030074A1 (de) | 2010-06-15 | 2010-06-15 | Kunststoff-Photovoltaik-Modul und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
PCT/EP2011/058783 WO2011157533A1 (fr) | 2010-06-15 | 2011-05-30 | Module photovoltaïque en plastique et son procédé de fabrication |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2583310A1 true EP2583310A1 (fr) | 2013-04-24 |
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EP11724154.7A Withdrawn EP2583310A1 (fr) | 2010-06-15 | 2011-05-30 | Module photovoltaïque en plastique et son procédé de fabrication |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20130008491A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2583310A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2013530533A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20130120992A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102870232A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2802771A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102010030074A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2012013585A (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2013101504A (fr) |
SG (1) | SG185441A1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW201212254A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011157533A1 (fr) |
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EP2271492A2 (fr) * | 2008-04-03 | 2011-01-12 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Stratification continue d'un film de poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (pmma) dans la fabrication d'une lentille de fresnel |
DE102009003225A1 (de) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Transparente, witterungsbeständige Barrierefolie, Herstellung durch Lamination, Extrusionslamination oder Extrusionsbeschichtung |
DE102011084054A1 (de) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Photovoltaik(PV)-PSA-Verbund und Verwendung zur Herstellung von PV-Modulen durch Flüssigeinbettung |
DE102011083661A1 (de) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-03 | Evonik Industries Ag | Herstellung eines PV-PSA-Verbunds durch Flüssigeinbettung auf Release-Film und seine Verwendung zur Herstellung von PV-Modulen |
DE102011112964A1 (de) | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Evonik Industries Ag | PV-PSA-Laminat durch PSA-Lamination auf einen Release-Film |
DE102011085587A1 (de) | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-02 | Evonik Industries Ag | Glas - Photovoltaik - Pressure sensitive Adhesive-Verbund |
EP2809098B1 (fr) * | 2012-01-27 | 2019-03-06 | Kyocera Corporation | Système de communication mobile, terminal utilisateur et methode pour un processeur dudit terminal |
DE202012101023U1 (de) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-06-04 | Solarworld Innovations Gmbh | Solarmodul |
DE102012101710A1 (de) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-05 | Solarworld Innovations Gmbh | Verfahren zur Einkapselung einer Solarzelle in einer Polymermatrix |
DE102013225143A1 (de) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Verbindungsvorrichtung elektrischer Leitungen mit elektrischen Kontakten |
FR3024285B1 (fr) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-09-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Ensemble comportant un module photovoltaique applique sur une zone circulable |
CN107896511B (zh) * | 2015-02-26 | 2022-02-18 | 动态太阳能系统公司 | 用于在室温下生产电工薄层的方法及电工薄层 |
EP3262675A1 (fr) * | 2015-02-26 | 2018-01-03 | Dynamic Solar Systems AG | Procédé à température ambiante pour la production de couches minces électrotechniques et succession de couches minces obtenues selon le procédé |
CN109920878B (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-05-07 | 苏州携创新能源科技有限公司 | 一种柔性光伏组件制造方法 |
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2010
- 2010-06-15 DE DE102010030074A patent/DE102010030074A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-05-30 WO PCT/EP2011/058783 patent/WO2011157533A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-05-30 KR KR1020127032704A patent/KR20130120992A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-30 CN CN2011800207533A patent/CN102870232A/zh active Pending
- 2011-05-30 US US13/636,535 patent/US20130008491A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-30 EP EP11724154.7A patent/EP2583310A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-30 JP JP2013514623A patent/JP2013530533A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-30 RU RU2013101504/04A patent/RU2013101504A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-30 SG SG2012081741A patent/SG185441A1/en unknown
- 2011-05-30 MX MX2012013585A patent/MX2012013585A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-30 CA CA2802771A patent/CA2802771A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-13 TW TW100120562A patent/TW201212254A/zh unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2011157533A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG185441A1 (en) | 2012-12-28 |
KR20130120992A (ko) | 2013-11-05 |
CN102870232A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
TW201212254A (en) | 2012-03-16 |
US20130008491A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
DE102010030074A1 (de) | 2011-12-15 |
CA2802771A1 (fr) | 2011-12-22 |
MX2012013585A (es) | 2013-01-24 |
JP2013530533A (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
RU2013101504A (ru) | 2014-07-20 |
WO2011157533A1 (fr) | 2011-12-22 |
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