EP2458680B1 - Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés - Google Patents

Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2458680B1
EP2458680B1 EP11010231.6A EP11010231A EP2458680B1 EP 2458680 B1 EP2458680 B1 EP 2458680B1 EP 11010231 A EP11010231 A EP 11010231A EP 2458680 B1 EP2458680 B1 EP 2458680B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring line
radiator
antenna
ring
vertical
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EP11010231.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2458680A2 (fr
EP2458680A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Lindenmeier
Heinz Lindenmeier
Leopold Reiter
Jochen Hopf
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Delphi Deutschland GmbH
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Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH
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Publication of EP2458680A3 publication Critical patent/EP2458680A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional antenna for receiving circularly polarized satellite radio signals.
  • Satellite radio signals are transmitted due to polarization rotations in the transmission path usually with circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.
  • program contents are transmitted, for example, in frequency bands closely spaced separate frequency bands. This is done in the example of SDARS satellite broadcasting at a frequency of about 2.33 GHz in two adjacent frequency bands each with a bandwidth of 4 MHz with a spacing of the center frequencies of 8 MHz.
  • the signals are emitted by different satellites with a circularly polarized in one direction electromagnetic wave.
  • circularly polarized antennas are used to receive in the corresponding direction of rotation.
  • Such antennas are for example off DE-A-4008505 and DE-A-10163793 known.
  • This satellite broadcasting system is additionally supported by the regional emission of terrestrial signals in another, arranged between the two satellite signals frequency band of the same bandwidth. Similar satellite broadcasting systems are currently being planned.
  • the satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS) also radiate circularly polarized waves in one direction at the frequency of approximately 1575 MHz, so that the antenna forms mentioned can basically be designed for this service.
  • the from the DE-A-4008505 known antenna is constructed on a substantially horizontally oriented conductive base and consists of crossed horizontal dipoles with V-shaped downwards inclined, consisting of linear ladder parts Dipolhharn which are mechanically fixed at an azimuthal angle of 90 degrees to each other and attached to the upper end of a fixed to the conductive base linear vertical conductor.
  • the from the DE-A-10163793 known antenna is also constructed on a generally horizontally oriented conductive base and consists of crossed azimuthally mounted at 90 ° to each other frame structures. In both antennas, the mutually spatially offset by 90 ° antenna parts in the electrical phase are interconnected shifted by 90 ° to each other to generate the circular polarization.
  • both antenna types are suitable for the reception of satellite signals, which are emitted by high-flying satellites - so-called HEOS.
  • HEOS high-flying satellites
  • the reception of temperature noise can be significantly reduced compared to the reception of the satellite signals.
  • antennas which from the DE-A-4008505 and the DE-A-10163793 Problems arise from the fact that the individual antenna parts are placed on planes crossed at a right angle and these planes are also perpendicular to the conductive ground plane.
  • Such antennas can be not sufficiently economical to produce, as it is desired for example for use in the automotive industry. This applies in particular to the frequencies of several gigahertz that are customary in satellite antennas, for which a particularly high mechanical accuracy is necessary in the interest of polarization purity, impedance matching and the reproducibility of the directional diagram in mass production of the antennas.
  • the production of patch antennas is usually relatively complicated due to the tightly tolerated dielectric.
  • an antenna with a loop emitter is known, is coupled into the over four vertically extending radiator via a phase shifter network.
  • a circularly polarized antenna comprising a loop emitter powered by four vertical emitters which may be L-shaped, T-shaped or inverted triangle-shaped.
  • ring line emitters with different shapes are from the US Pat. No. 6,342,856 B1 (square ring conductor), from the US 5,847,683 A. (oval ring line radiator) and from the US 5,977,921 A (Circular loop emitter) known.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a directional antenna with low volume, which depending on their design for both a particularly powerful reception of high elevation angles incident circularly polarized in one direction radiated satellite signals with high gain in the vertical direction and for the high-performance reception of At low elevation angles incident circularly polarized in one direction of rotation emitted satellite signals with high cross polarization suppression over a large elevation angle range is suitable, in particular, the possibility should be given to an economical production.
  • an antenna according to the invention With an antenna according to the invention, the advantage is associated with allowing the reception of linearly polarized waves received at low elevation with azimuthally nearly homogeneous directional diagram. Another advantage of an antenna according to the invention is its particularly simple manufacturability, which allows the realization by simple curved sheet metal structures.
  • Azimuthal is generally aimed at broadcasting.
  • the distribution of the currents on an antenna in receive mode depends on the terminator at the antenna junction.
  • the distribution of the currents on the antenna conductors related to the supply current at the antenna connection point is independent of the source resistance of the supplying signal source and is thus uniquely linked to the directional diagram and the polarization of the antenna. Due to this uniqueness in connection with the law of reciprocity, according to which the radiation properties - such as directional diagram and polarization - are identical in the transmission mode as in receiving mode, the object of the invention with respect to polarization and radiation patterns on the basis of the design of the antenna structure for generating corresponding currents in the transmission mode of Antenna solved. Thus, the object of the invention for the receiving operation is solved. All considerations made below about currents on the antenna structure and their phases or their phase reference point thus refer to the reciprocal operation of the receiving antenna as a transmitting antenna, unless the receiving mode is specifically addressed.
  • FIG. 1a shows an antenna with a designed as a resonant structure circular loop emitter 2 to produce a circularly polarized field.
  • the stretched length of the ring line of the ring line emitter 2 is chosen such that it substantially corresponds to the line wavelength ⁇ .
  • the ring line emitter 2 is designed to extend in a horizontal plane with the height h over the conductive base 6, so that it forms an electrical line with respect to the conductive base 6 with a characteristic impedance resulting from the height h and the effective diameter of the im Essentially results in a wire-shaped loop conductor.
  • FIG. 1b a similar antenna is shown in which, however, additional excitation 3 not belonging vertical radiators are present, which are coupled at ring line crosspoints 7 to the ring line emitter 2 and guided to the electrically conductive base 6 and in which at points of interruption low-loss reactance circuits 13 of the reactance X are turned on.
  • the vertical radiator 4 and the switched-reactance X can with preferential uniform distribution of Distances of ⁇ / 4 between the loop coupling points 7, the propagation of the line wave on the ring line emitter 2 are brought about.
  • This is performed in a respect to the line impedance characteristic coupling distance over a straight length of ⁇ / 4 parallel to the ring line radiator 2.
  • the directional coupling conductor 8 is connected on one side via a vertical radiator 4a and a matching network 25 to the antenna terminal 5 and on the other side via a vertical radiator 4b with the conductive base 6.
  • FIG. 2b In a further advantageous embodiment is in FIG. 2b to generate a continuous line wave on the ring line emitter 2, however, the excitation 3 given by two substantially vertical radiator 4, which are parallel in a respect to the 1 ⁇ 4-line wavelength distance 37 and guided via galvanic coupling points 7 to the ring line emitter 2.
  • one vertical emitter 4a is connected to the antenna terminal 5 via a matching network 25 and the other vertical emitter 4b is connected to the conductive base 6 via a ground terminal 11.
  • a second directional coupler 21 for generating two signals different by 90 ° is coupled to a transmission conductor 30 extending on the conductive base 6 by parallel guidance at a short distance.
  • the second directional coupling conductor 21 is connected to the antenna connection 5 for feeding in via the vertical radiators 4 with the first directional coupling conductor 8 and the microstrip conductor 30.
  • the electromagnetic excitation 3 takes place in such a way that equally large signals are fed between the lower ends of the vertical radiator 4 and the electrically conductive base, which are each shifted by 360 ° / 4 to each other in phase.
  • the electromagnetic excitation 3 is designed as a ramp-shaped directional coupling conductor 12 with an advantageous length of substantially ⁇ / 4. This is designed substantially as a linear conductor, which advantageously extends in a plane which includes one side of the ring line radiator 2 and which is oriented perpendicular to the electrically conductive base surface 6.
  • the linear conductor starting from the antenna connection 5 located on the conductive base 6, leads via a vertical feed line 4 to a coupling end spacing 16 to one of the corners of the ring line emitter 2 and is substantially below an adjacent corner from there in accordance with a ramp function led to the base 6 and connected to this via the ground terminal 11 conductive.
  • the adaptation to the antenna connector 5 can be easily made.
  • the particular advantage of this arrangement consists in the contactless coupling of the excitation 3 to the square-shaped ring line radiator 2, which according to the invention enables a particularly simple production of the antenna.
  • FIG. 6 Ring line coupling points 7 formed and the electromagnetic excitation 3 is given over the same length vertical and the conductive base 6 extending radiator 4, which are each connected via an equally long lead 22 to a port of a power distribution network and this on the other hand with the antenna port. 5 connected is.
  • the power distribution network consists advantageously of chain-connected, formed on the conductive base 6 ⁇ / 4-long microstrip conductors 30a, 30b, 30c, wherein their characteristic impedance - starting from a low characteristic impedance at the antenna terminal 5 - to which one of the vertical radiator 4 is directly connected via its supply line 22 - are highly stepped in such a way that the fed at the corners in the ring line emitter 2 signals have the same power and each lag 90 ° in the phase continuously lagging.
  • Particularly advantageous embodiments of antennas according to the invention are those arrangements in which the ring line radiator 2 of the extended length L at substantially similar distances L / N to each other ring line coupling points 7 are designed and to each of these a vertical radiator 4 is coupled, which on the other are coupled via ground connection points 11 to the electrically conductive base 6.
  • the vertical radiators 4 At break points reactance circuits 13 to determine the propagation direction of this wave by the design of their reactance X and the propagation of a wave in to prevent the opposite direction.
  • FIG. 7 shows an arrangement of this kind, wherein the versatile design excitation 3 is indicated in a general form.
  • electromagnetic coupling that is preferably galvanic or capacitive coupling of the two antenna parts, consisting of the ring line radiator 2 and the circle group of the vertical radiator 4 at the loop coupling points 7, the antenna parts are coupled together in such a way that both antenna parts contribute constructively to a circularly polarized field.
  • the ring line emitter 2 acts as a radiating element which generates a circularly polarized field with a vertical main radiation direction. This field is superimposed on the electromagnetic field generated by the vertical radiators 4.
  • the electromagnetic field generated by the circle group of the vertical radiator 4 in diagonal elevation is also circularly polarized with the azimuth substantially independent main beam direction. At lower elevation, this field is vertically polarized and substantially azimuthally independent as well.
  • the resonance structure is connected to the antenna connection 5 via an excitation 3 in such a way that the line wave on the ring line emitter 2 propagates substantially only in one direction of rotation so that one period of the line wave is contained in the direction of rotation of the ring structure.
  • the ring structure with N vertical radiators can be divided into N segments.
  • I 2 I 1 • exp j 2 ⁇ / N
  • the vertical radiators 4 together with the reactances X form in their equivalent circuit diagram a filter consisting of a series inductance, a parallel capacitance and a further series inductance.
  • the parallel capacitance is chosen by adjusting the reactances X so that the filter is adapted on both sides to the conductor impedance of the annular transmission line 1.
  • the resonant structure thus consists of N conductor segments of length L / N and in each case a filter connected thereto. Each filter causes a phase rotation ⁇ .
  • the electromagnetic wave which propagates in the circumferential direction along the ring structure, thus undergoes the phase rotation of 2 ⁇ in one revolution.
  • the antenna is also suitable in particular for the reception of signals from low-flying satellites.
  • the antenna can also be advantageously used for satellite broadcasting systems in which terrestrial, vertically polarized signals are also transmitted in support of the reception.
  • the vertical radiator 4 as in FIG. 8 coupled via horizontal radiator elements 14 to the loop coupling points 7.
  • the horizontal radiator elements 14 can be used flexibly for further shaping of the vertical radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • FIG. 9 illustrated quadratic shape, with four formed at the corners of the square ring line crosspoints 7 and there galvanically connected vertical radiators 4, each with a base at the base to the ground connection point 11 introduced capacitance 15 as a reactance circuit 13.
  • the excitation 3 of this resonant structure can on various types Be fashioned and is therefore in FIG. 9 not included.
  • this is non-contact as directed inductively and capacitively coupled conductor loop as a directional coupler 18 as in FIG. 11 designed.
  • the directional coupling conductor 18 is tapered in shape, and is similar as in connection with the excitation 3 in FIG. 5 described, designed substantially as a linear conductor, which advantageously extends in a plane which includes one side of the ring line radiator 2 and which is oriented perpendicular to the electrically conductive base surface 6.
  • the linear conductor starting from the located on the conductive base 6 ground connection points 11 via a short vertical lead and a ramp function up to a coupling distance 10 to the Ring line emitter 2 introduces, is returned from there via a vertical radiator 4 to the conductive base and connected via a matching network 25 to the antenna terminal 5.
  • one of the vertical radiators 4a with the reactance circuit 13 realized as a capacitor 15 is not coupled to the ground connection point 11 on the electrically conductive base 6 but to the connection formed on the plane of the conductive base 6 to the matching network 25 and thus to the antenna connection 5 ,
  • the design of the characteristic impedance can be carried out in a known manner, for example by selecting the effective diameter of the substantially linear ring line emitter 2, or as exemplified by an additional conductor 19 reducing the characteristic impedance.
  • To further support the unidirectionality of the wave propagation on the loop emitter 2 is in FIG. 12b a further portion of the ring line radiator 2 opposite the first section having a different characteristic impedance with characteristic impedance deviating from the characteristic impedance of the remaining sections of the ring line radiator 2.
  • the electromagnetic excitation 3 is designed by partial coupling to one of the vertical radiator 4 at one of the loop coupling points 7a.
  • the unidirectional effect of the electromagnetic excitation 3 with respect to the wave propagation is achieved by partial coupling to a vertical radiator 4a via a, to a part of the ring line radiator 2 in parallel
  • Coupling conductor 23 given and the other end of the coupling conductor 23 is connected to a vertical and the conductive base 6 extending radiator 4e, the latter being connected via a matching network 25 to the antenna terminal 5.
  • FIG. 14 is the matching network 25 in the form of a parallel to the electrically conductive base 6 set high-impedance transmission line over about 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength advantageously carried out.
  • each section between adjacent ring line coupling points 7 of the ring line radiator 2 can be given a meandering shape 17 that is the same for all sections, as shown by way of example in FIG FIG. 10 is shown.
  • An essential feature of an antenna according to the present invention is the possibility for particularly low-cost production.
  • an outstandingly advantageous form of the antenna with square ring-shaped radiator 2 is similar in nature to that in FIG. 12b designed and in FIG. 15 shown.
  • the ring line emitter 2 with the vertical emitters 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, together with the flat-shaped capacitance electrodes 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d individually shaped at their lower end, can be made, for example, from a coherent, stamped and formed sheet metal part.
  • the characteristic impedance of the sections of the ring line radiator 2 can be designed individually by choosing the width of the connectors.
  • the electrically conductive base 6 is preferably designed as a conductive coated circuit board.
  • the reactance circuits 13 realized as capacitances 15 are formed in such a way that the capacitance electrodes 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d are provided by interposing a dielectric plate 33 located between them and the electrically conductive base 6 for coupling three vertical radiators 4a, 4b, 4c the electrically conductive base 6 are designed.
  • this is one of the conductive layer of the circuit board insulated, flat counter electrode 34 designed. In a particularly low-effort manner, it is therefore possible to produce the essential dimensions necessary for the function of the antenna via a stamped and formed sheet-metal part with the advantages of high reproducibility.
  • the sheet-metal part, the dielectric plate 33 and the electrically conductive base 6 embodied as a printed circuit board can be connected to one another by way of example by low-cost adhesive bonding and thus without costly soldering.
  • the connection to a receiver can be realized in a known manner, for example by connecting a microstrip line or a coaxial line, starting from the antenna connection 5.
  • FIG. 16 instead of a dielectric plate 33 between the lower ends of the vertical radiators 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the electrically conductive base 6 designed as a conductive coated printed circuit board, a further conductive coated, dielectric circuit board is inserted.
  • the capacitive coupling of the fourth vertical radiator 4 d to the antenna terminal 5, which is designed as a planar counterelectrode 34 isolated from the conductive layer, is provided via the capacitance electrode 32.
  • the antenna is in FIG. 17 similar in the Figures 16 designed, wherein the conductive structure, consisting of the ring conductor 2 and the associated vertical radiators 4, is fixed by a dielectric support structure 36 in such a way that the dielectric plate 33 is realized in the form of an air gap.
  • the reactance circuit 13 is designed to be multi-frequency in that both the resonance of the ring line emitter 2 and the required running direction of the line shaft on the ring line emitter 2 is given in separate frequency bands.
  • the environment of the ring line radiator 2 with the cavity basically has a narrowing the frequency bandwidth of the antenna 1 effect, which is essentially determined by the cavity spacing 41 between the ring line radiator 2 and the cavity 38. Therefore, the conductive cavity base surface 39 should be at least large enough to at least cover the vertical projection surface of the loop emitter 2 to the base surface plane E2 located below the conductive base. In an advantageous embodiment, however, the cavity base surface 39 is larger and selected in such a way that the cavity side surfaces 40 can be designed as vertical surfaces and while a sufficient cavity spacing 41 between the ring line radiator 2 and the cavity 38 is given.
  • the base surface plane E2 is chosen to be approximately as large as the vertical projection surface of the ring line radiator 2 to the base surface plane E2 and make the cavity side surfaces 40 along a contour inclined from a vertical line.
  • the inclination of this contour is to be selected in such a way that, given the required frequency bandwidth of the antenna 1, a sufficiently large cavity spacing 41 is present between the ring line emitter 2 and the cavity 38 at each location.
  • the inclination of the cavity side surfaces 40 is selected in each case in the manner that at a vertical distance z above the cavity base surface 39, the horizontal distance d between the vertical connecting line between the ring tube radiator 2 and the cavity base surface 39 and the nearest cavity side surface 40 assumes at least half the vertical distance z.
  • the frequency bandwidth of the antenna 1 increases the further the cavity 38 is opened upwards. If, while maintaining the last-mentioned necessary cavity spacing 41 between the ring line radiator 2 and the cavity 38, the cavity side surfaces 40 are designed vertically, the necessary frequency bandwidth is also ensured. The same also applies if the height h of the ring line plane E is greater than the depth of the cavity base surface 39, as shown in FIG FIG. 18a is shown. That is, h is larger than h1 and the antenna 1 is not fully integrated with the vehicle body.
  • ring line emitters 2 offer the advantage of a particularly space-saving design.
  • a plurality of ring line radiators for the different frequencies of several radio services can be designed around a common center Z. Due to their different resonant frequencies, the different ring line radiators influence only slightly, so that small distances between the ring lines of the ring radiators 2 can be designed.
  • a circular-polarized ring-type radiator with an azimuthal circular diagram the phase of the radiated far-field electromagnetic field rotates with the azimuthal angle of the propagation vector due to the current wave propagating in a running direction on the loop.
  • Fig. 19 is a ring line emitter 2 according to the invention surrounded by another ring line emitter 2a, which is formed according to the rules described above and which also forms a resonant structure and is electrically excited in such a way that on the loop the current distribution of a current line wave in a single Adjusting the direction of rotation, the phase difference is in contrast to the inner loop emitter 2 over a circuit straight N * 2 ⁇ .
  • N is an integer and is N> 1.
  • the two ring line radiators are combined with the same center Z.
  • the phase reference points of the two ring line emitters 2, 2a are congruent in the common center Z.
  • a directional antenna with a predetermined azimuthal main direction and elevation can be designed according to the invention. This is done by the different azimuthal dependency of the current phases on the two ring line radiators 2, 2a, depending on the phase position of the two current waves on the ring line radiators 2, 2a, the radiation depending on the azimuth angle of the propagation vector partially superimposed supportive or attenuating.
  • the further ring line radiator 2a as a rotationally symmetrical about the center Z arranged polygonal or circular closed ring line radiator 2a in a horizontal plane with the height ha on the conductive base 6 extending designed.
  • the ring line 2a is fed in such a way that adjusts itself to the current distribution of a current line wave whose phase difference over a cycle is just 2 * 2 ⁇ .
  • vertical radiator 4a can also be here the extended length of another ring line radiator 2a shorter by a shortening factor k ⁇ 1 than the corresponding double wavelength z.
  • the phase difference of 2 ⁇ (ring line radiator 2) and 2 * 2 ⁇ (ring line radiator 2a) on the loop by increasing the line inductance and / or the line capacitance to the conductive base 6 done.
  • this circular or polygonal shape is designed with 8 equidistantly arranged cross-coupling points 7a with vertical radiators 4 coupled thereto.
  • Fig. 20 shows by way of example a circular ring line radiator 2a with further reactance circuits 45a,... 45d, which are introduced into the vertical radiators 4.
  • reactance circuits 45a ... 45d together with the characteristic impedances Zf of the ring line sections between the loop coupling points 7a, they are matched such that both the running direction of the rotating shaft in the predetermined direction and the resonance of the ring conditioner 2a for the phase condition Set 2 * 2 ⁇ for this wave.
  • the ring line sections of the two ring line emitters 2, 2a can be selected substantially shorter than a quarter wavelength up to ⁇ / 8. Accordingly, in successive loop sections, large and small inductance values and small and large capacitance values of the loop sections alternate.
  • FIG. 21 shows a plan view of the directional antenna in FIG. 20 , wherein the antenna is formed of a square shaped ring line radiator 2 and an octagonal shaped further ring line radiator 2.
  • the loop coupling points 7 and 7a are respectively formed at the corners of the square inner ring and the octagonal outer ring.
  • To each of the vertical radiator 4 are connected.
  • the summation network 44 as summation and selection network 44a, it is possible to select separately there between the received signals of the two ring line emitters 2, 2a and the weighted superimposition-possibly with different weightings.

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Claims (6)

  1. Antenne directive (1) pour la réception de signaux satellite à polarisation circulaire, comportant au moins une boucle conductrice orientée horizontalement, disposée au-dessus d'une surface de base (6) conductrice, et un ensemble (3) relié à une borne d'antenne (5) et destiné à l'excitation électromagnétique de la boucle conductrice, présentant les éléments techniques suivants :
    - la boucle conductrice est configurée sous forme d'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) par une ligne fermée polygonale ou annulaire dans un plan horizontal à la hauteur h au-dessus de la surface de base (6) conductrice,
    - l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) constitue une structure résonante et est susceptible d'être excité électriquement par l'ensemble (3) d'excitation électromagnétique de telle sorte que la distribution électrique d'une onde conductrice continue s'établit dans une direction de circulation unique sur la ligne annulaire, dont la différence de phase est exactement de 2π sur une révolution,
    caractérisée en ce que
    - à la périphérie de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2), il existe au moins un émetteur vertical (4) couplé par voie électromécanique à l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) et dirigé vers la surface de base (6) électriquement conductrice, lequel est couplé par voie électromagnétique à la surface de base (6) électriquement conductrice,
    dans laquelle
    - autour du centre de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2), il existe un autre émetteur à ligne annulaire (2a) ayant le même centre, qui est configuré de telle sorte que sa résonance est identique à celle de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) et est susceptible d'être excité électriquement de telle sorte que la différence de phase de l'onde conductrice se propageant sur sa ligne annulaire (2a) dans une direction de circulation unique est exactement de N*2π sur une révolution, N étant d'un nombre entier > 1, et dont les signaux reçus sont superposés aux signaux reçus de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) via un élément contrôlable de rotation de phase (42) dans un réseau de sommation et de sélection (44) pour configurer une antenne directive présentant une directivité à direction principale sélectionnable.
  2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'à la périphérie de la longueur (L) de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) plusieurs (N) émetteurs verticaux (4) sont couplés d'une part à l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) via des points de couplage de ligne annulaire (7) en étant écartés à des intervalles (L/N) de même longueur de la structure, et d'autre part à la surface de base (6) via des points de mise à la masse (11), et la configuration des émetteurs verticaux (4) assure un soutien aussi bien de la résonance de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) réalisé sous forme de structure résonante que de la direction de propagation de l'onde conductrice sur l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) provoquée par l'ensemble (3) destiné à l'excitation électromagnétique.
  3. Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que pour établir la résonance de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2), l'un au moins des émetteurs verticaux (4) est équipé d'un circuit à réactance (13) à faibles pertes, à un emplacement d'interruption.
  4. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) est réalisé sous forme carrée aux coins de laquelle est réalisé respectivement un point de couplage (7) de ligne annulaire avec un émetteur vertical (4) qui y est raccordé par voie galvanique, et l'émetteur (4) est pourvu d'un circuit à réactance respectif (13) réalisé sous forme de capacité (15) et destiné au couplage à un point de mise à la masse (11) sur la surface de base (6) électriquement conductrice.
  5. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la différence de phase de l'onde conductrice se propageant sur l'autre émetteur à ligne annulaire (2a) dans une direction de circulation unique est exactement de 2*2π sur une révolution et les signaux de réception d'un point de branchement d'émetteur (46) de l'autre émetteur à ligne annulaire (2a) sont acheminés au réseau de sommation (44) via l'élément contrôlable de rotation de phase (42), où ils sont pondérés et ajoutés aux signaux de réception de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2), également acheminés au réseau de sommation (44), à sa borne d'antenne (5), afin d'établir la direction principale dans le diagramme directionnel azimutal, de telle sorte que la direction principale azimutale de l'antenne directive sera modulée de façon variable par le réglage variable de l'élément de rotation de phase (42) à sa borne d'antenne directive (43).
  6. Antenne selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la longueur de l'émetteur à ligne annulaire s'élève à L, et en ce que l'émetteur à ligne annulaire (2) est configuré comme un anneau conducteur carré fermé au-dessus de la surface de base conductrice (6) à la distance h au-dessus de la surface de base conductrice (6), l'autre émetteur à ligne annulaire (2a) est réalisé sous forme d'anneau conducteur fermé en forme d'octogone régulier, et aux coins des deux émetteurs à ligne annulaire (2, 2a) sont prévus des points de couplage de ligne annulaire respectifs (7, 7a) destinés à coupler des émetteurs verticaux (4).
EP11010231.6A 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés Active EP2458680B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102009040910 2009-09-10
EP10173919.1A EP2296227B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés

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EP10173919.1 Division 2010-08-24
EP10173919.1A Division-Into EP2296227B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés
EP10173919.1A Division EP2296227B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés

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EP2458680A2 EP2458680A2 (fr) 2012-05-30
EP2458680A3 EP2458680A3 (fr) 2014-03-26
EP2458680B1 true EP2458680B1 (fr) 2016-07-27

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EP10173919.1A Active EP2296227B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés
EP11010230.8A Not-in-force EP2458679B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés
EP11010231.6A Active EP2458680B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés

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EP10173919.1A Active EP2296227B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés
EP11010230.8A Not-in-force EP2458679B1 (fr) 2009-09-10 2010-08-24 Antenne pour la réception de signaux satellite circulaires polarisés

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US (3) US8599083B2 (fr)
EP (3) EP2296227B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010035932B4 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9300047B2 (en) 2016-03-29
EP2296227B1 (fr) 2018-02-21
DE102010035932A1 (de) 2011-04-21
DE102010035932B4 (de) 2018-12-20
US20140203979A1 (en) 2014-07-24
EP2458680A2 (fr) 2012-05-30
EP2296227A2 (fr) 2011-03-16
US20130257678A1 (en) 2013-10-03
US8599083B2 (en) 2013-12-03
EP2458679B1 (fr) 2016-07-27
EP2458680A3 (fr) 2014-03-26
US9287623B2 (en) 2016-03-15
EP2458679A3 (fr) 2014-03-26
EP2458679A2 (fr) 2012-05-30
US20110215978A1 (en) 2011-09-08
EP2296227A3 (fr) 2011-06-29

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