EP2443284A1 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der trockenfestigkeit von papier, pappe und karton - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erhöhung der trockenfestigkeit von papier, pappe und kartonInfo
- Publication number
- EP2443284A1 EP2443284A1 EP10724788A EP10724788A EP2443284A1 EP 2443284 A1 EP2443284 A1 EP 2443284A1 EP 10724788 A EP10724788 A EP 10724788A EP 10724788 A EP10724788 A EP 10724788A EP 2443284 A1 EP2443284 A1 EP 2443284A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymers
- water
- units
- monomers
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 69
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical group NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical group C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- -1 vinylamino units Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical group CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VXYADVIJALMOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tris(lactato)aluminium Chemical compound CC(O)C(=O)O[Al](OC(=O)C(C)O)OC(=O)C(C)O VXYADVIJALMOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 46
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012673 precipitation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hydron;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(O)=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triallylamine Chemical compound C=CCN(CC=C)CC=C VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C=C BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEWDOBPJIKOWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-oxidoimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound [O-][N+]=1C=CN(C=C)C=1 NEWDOBPJIKOWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJABNVJZYFGAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)N1C=C DJABNVJZYFGAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQGPZXPTJWUDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)N1C=C HQGPZXPTJWUDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIQLJJKZKUIRIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-6-ethylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC1CCCC(=O)N1C=C GIQLJJKZKUIRIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFDNCQYZAAVSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-6-methylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCCC(=O)N1C=C FFDNCQYZAAVSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical class C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PBGPBHYPCGDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCC1=O PBGPBHYPCGDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- QENRKQYUEGJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(S(O)(=O)=O)NC(=O)C=C QENRKQYUEGJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C(O)=O PSZAEHPBBUYICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOZBBKZCBLPUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-enyl-1h-imidazole Chemical class CC=CC1=NC=CN1 BOZBBKZCBLPUSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRFXUBMJBAXOOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium Chemical class [O-][N+]1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KRFXUBMJBAXOOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N DEAEMA Natural products CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDFCSMCGLZFNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylaminopropyl Methacrylamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C(C)=C GDFCSMCGLZFNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MOYAFQVGZZPNRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terpinolene Chemical compound CC(C)=C1CCC(C)=CC1 MOYAFQVGZZPNRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PVEOYINWKBTPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC=C PVEOYINWKBTPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical class C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N mofebutazone Chemical group O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 REOJLIXKJWXUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVBMMNAPRZDGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C(C)=C GVBMMNAPRZDGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXSANWNPQKKNJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C=C CXSANWNPQKKNJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCBBWYIVFRLKCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCNC(=O)C(C)=C DCBBWYIVFRLKCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C ADTJPOBHAXXXFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LKZTYRFSAJOGIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(dimethylamino)butyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCNC(=O)C(C)=C LKZTYRFSAJOGIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYMUDOWMRHNHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(dimethylamino)butyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCNC(=O)C=C QYMUDOWMRHNHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GORGQKRVQGXVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-ethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(C=C)C(C)=O GORGQKRVQGXVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylacetamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C(C)=O PNLUGRYDUHRLOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFESGEKAXKKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylformamide Chemical compound C=CN(C)C=O OFESGEKAXKKFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HAZULKRCTMKQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylbutanamide Chemical compound CCCC(=O)NC=C HAZULKRCTMKQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUWVWLRMZQHYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylpropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)NC=C IUWVWLRMZQHYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromobutane Chemical compound CCCCBr MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUGOMSLRUSTQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(prop-2-enoyloxy)propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C PUGOMSLRUSTQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical class CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNIRRHUUOQAEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-2-enoylamino)butane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C)(S(O)(=O)=O)NC(=O)C=C QNIRRHUUOQAEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWHSTLLOZWTNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CS OWHSTLLOZWTNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYSDHEOQHCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)CS(O)(=O)=O XEEYSDHEOQHCDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYRWKWGEFZTOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoxymethyl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound C=CCOCC(CO)(COCC=C)COCC=C FYRWKWGEFZTOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium Chemical class C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OUGJKAQEYOUGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=C)CC OUGJKAQEYOUGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADXPHBMQMGJRRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCO.CC(=C)C(=O)OCO.CC(=C)C(=O)OCO ADXPHBMQMGJRRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WDQKICIMIPUDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCNC(=O)C=C WDQKICIMIPUDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSENQNLOVPYEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)N(C)C=C DSENQNLOVPYEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGESLFUSXZBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCN(C)CC=C WGESLFUSXZBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/56—Polyamines; Polyimines; Polyester-imides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/71—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes
- D21H17/74—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes of organic and inorganic material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of paper, paperboard and cardboard with high dry strength by adding (a) at least one trivalent cation, (b) at least one water-soluble cationic polymer selected from the group consisting of (i) vinylamine units polymers and (ii) Ethyleniminiseren and (c) at least one water-soluble amphoteric polymer to a pulp, dewatering the stock to form sheets, and drying the resulting paper product.
- a process for the production of paper with high dry strength in which initially an aluminum sulphate solution is added to the paper stock. Thereafter, a water-soluble amphoteric polymer is added. Subsequently, the paper stock is dewatered on the paper machine to form sheets, and the paper products are dried.
- Suitable amphoteric polymers are, for example, copolymers of acrylamide, acrylic acid and dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate.
- DE 35 06 832 A1 discloses a process for the production of paper with high dry strength, in which first a water-soluble cationic polymer and then a water-soluble anionic polymer are added to the paper stock.
- Suitable anionic polymers are, for example, homopolymers or copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -carboxylic acids.
- the copolymers contain at least 35% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 5 -carboxylic acid (for example acrylic acid) in copolymerized form.
- the cationic polymers described in the examples are polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and epichlorohydrin-reacted condensation products of adipic acid and diethylenetriamine.
- the use of partially hydrolyzed homo- and copolymers of N-vinylformamide has also been considered.
- JP 02-1 12498 relates to a process for the production of corrugated cardboard, wherein dosing alum, a polyallylamine and an anionic or amphoteric polymer to a fiber suspension.
- the combination produces papers with a high strength.
- JP 05-272092 a process for the production of paper with high dry strength is described, in which one first admits to the pulp an aluminum sulfate solution, and then a water-soluble amphoteric polymer with high molecular weight dosed, then drained the paper stock on the paper machine with sheet formation and the paper products dried.
- amphoteric polymers include copolymers of acrylamide, acrylic acid, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide and sodium (meth) allylsulfonate. These amphoteric polymers are characterized by very high molecular weights and low solution viscosities.
- JP 08-269891 A variant of the method described in JP 05-272092 is disclosed in JP 08-269891.
- an aluminum sulfate solution is also added to the paper stock first, followed by metering in a high molecular weight water-soluble amphoteric polymer, followed by dewatering of the paper stock on the paper machine and drying of the paper products.
- Copolymers of acrylamide, acrylic acid, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, (meth) acrylamide, sodium (meth) allylsulfonate and a crosslinker such as methylenebisacrylamide or triallylamine are used as amphoteric polymers, for example.
- These amphoteric polymers have a very high molecular weight and a further reduced solution viscosity compared to JP 05-272092.
- EP 0 659 780 A1 describes a process for the preparation of polymers having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,500,000 to 10,000,000 (a) and a weight-average root mean square radius of 30 to 150 nm (b), the ratio (b) / (a) ⁇ 0.00004, and their use as solidifying agents.
- WO 98/06898 A1 describes a papermaking process in which a cationic starch or a cationic wet strength agent and a water-soluble amphoteric polymer are added to the stock.
- This amphoteric polymer is composed of the nonionic monomers acrylamide and methacrylamide, an anionic monomer, a cationic monomer and a crosslinker, the amount of anionic and cationic monomer not exceeding 9% by weight of the total monomers used in the amphoteric polymer.
- JP-A-1999-140787 relates to a process for the production of corrugated board, wherein to improve the strength properties of a paper product to the pulp 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on dry pulp, of a polyvinylamine by Hydrolysis of polyvinylformamide with a degree of hydrolysis of 25 to 100% is available, in combination with an anionic polyacrylamide admits, the pulp then dewatered with sheet formation and the paper dries.
- EP 0 919 578 A1 relates to amphoteric polymers (type B) prepared by a two-stage polymerization.
- a polymer (type A) is prepared by the copolymerization of methallylsulfonic acid with others Vinyl monomers, then in the presence of the type A polyamor there is a further polymerization of vinyl monomers to the B-type polymer wherein the type A polymers have a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 5,000,000 and the type B polymers have a molecular weight of from 100,000 to 10,000,000 exhibit.
- this document comprises the use of the polymers of type B as solidifying agents for papermaking and the papers produced therewith, whereby the possibility of a combination with alum and anionic polyacrylamides is also described. Finally, the possibility of modifying the type B polymers by Hofmann degradation is also mentioned.
- JP 2001-279595 relates to a process for producing high-strength paper wherein a mixture of a cationic, anionic or amphoteric polyacrylamide with a water-soluble aluminum compound is added to the fibers. This is followed by a metered addition of another polyacrylamide. This not only increases the strength, but also improves drainage at the same time.
- a paper product with improved strength properties is known, which is obtainable by applying to the surface of a paper product a polyvinylamine and a polymeric anionic compound which can form a polyelectrolyte complex with polyvinylamine, or a polymeric compound with Aldehyde functions such as aldehyde group-containing polysaccharides applies.
- a polyvinylamine and a polymeric anionic compound which can form a polyelectrolyte complex with polyvinylamine, or a polymeric compound with Aldehyde functions such as aldehyde group-containing polysaccharides applies.
- the paper improve its dry and wet strength, it also observes a sizing effect of the treating agents.
- JP 2005-023434 describes a process for producing high-strength paper obtained by metering two polymers.
- the first polymer is a branched amphoteric polyacrylamide.
- the second polymer is a copolymer of a cationic vinyl monomer as the main monomer into consideration.
- DE 10 2004 056 551 A1 discloses another method for improving the dry strength of paper.
- a separate addition of a VinylamineinRIC polymers and a polymeric anionic compound to a pulp, dewatering of the pulp and drying of the paper products takes place, being used as the polymeric anionic compound at least one copolymerisate obtainable by copolymerizing (a) at least one N-vinylcarboxamide of the formula
- R 1 , R 2 H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl
- WO 2006/120235 A1 describes a process for producing papers having a filler content of at least 15% by weight, in which filler and fibers are treated together with cationic and anionic polymers. The treatment is carried out alternately with cationic and anionic polymers and comprises at least three steps.
- WO 2006/090076 A1 also relates to a process for producing paper and paperboard having a high dry strength, wherein three components are added to the paper stock: (a) a polymer having primary amino groups and a charge density of
- EP 1 849 803 A1 also discloses a paper additive for strengthening which is obtained as a water-soluble polymer by polymerizing (meth) acrylamide, an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid or salts thereof, a cationic monomer and a crosslinking monomer. In a second stage, the remaining residual monomer is polymerized with further persulfate catalyst.
- the objects are achieved by a method for producing paper, cardboard and cardboard with high dry strength, by adding
- the water-soluble cationic polymer (b) is selected from the group of (i) vinylamine units-containing polymers and (ii) polymers containing ethyleneimine units.
- the said components of the solidification system may be added to the stock in any order or else as a mixture of two or more components.
- trivalent metal or semimetallic cations are suitable as trivalent cations in the process according to the invention.
- Preferred metal cations are Al 3+ , Zr 3+ and Fe 3+ . Most preferred is Al 3+ .
- the metal and semimetal cations are used in the form of their salts.
- Al 3+ this can be used, for example, in the form of aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride or aluminum lactate.
- Metal cations are used, but preferably only a trivalent metal cation is used in the process according to the invention.
- different salts of this metal cation can be used in any mixtures.
- a trivalent metal cation in one of the described salt forms is used.
- the trivalent cations are usually added to the stock in amounts of between 3 and 100 moles per ton of dry paper, preferably in the range of 10 to 30 moles per ton of dry paper.
- the water-soluble cationic polymer (b) is selected from the group of polymers containing (i) vinylamine units and (ii) polymers containing ethyleneimine units.
- the cationic polymers (b) are water-soluble.
- the solubility in water under normal conditions (20 ° C., 1013 mbar) and pH 7.0 is, for example, at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight.
- the charge density of the cationic polymers (without counterion) is for example at least 1.0 meq / g and is preferably in the range from 4 to 10 meq / g.
- the water-soluble cationic polymers (b) usually have average molecular weights in the range of 10,000 to 10,000,000 daltons, preferably in the range of 20,000 to 5,000,000 daltons, more preferably in the range of 40,000 to 3,000,000 daltons.
- Vinylamine-containing polymers (i) are known, cf. the DE 35 06 832 A1 and DE 10 2004 056 551 A1 referred to in the prior art.
- polymers which contain (i) vinylamine units are reaction products which are obtainable
- R 1 , R 2 H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl
- polymers containing (i) vinylamine units are, for example, the reaction products obtainable by polymerizing
- R 1 , R 2 H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl
- the polymers which are preferably used as (i) vinylamine units are the reaction products obtainable by polymerizing N-vinylformamide and subsequent cleavage of formyl groups from the vinylformamide units copolymerized in the polymer to form amino groups, or the reaction products are used. by copolymerizing
- the vinylamine units containing polymers can also be amphoteric, if they have a total cationic charge.
- the content of cationic groups in the polymer should be at least 5 mol%, preferably at least 10 mol%, above the content of anionic groups.
- Such polymers are obtainable, for example, by polymerizing
- R 1 , R 2 H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl
- polymers containing amphoteric vinylamine units which carry a total cationic charge and which are obtained, for example, by copolymerizing
- Examples of monomers of the formula (I) are N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinylpropionamide and N-vinyl-N methylpropionamide and N- Vinylbutyramide.
- the monomers of group (a) may be used alone or in admixture in the copolymerization with the monomers of the other groups.
- Preferably used monomer of this group is N-vinylformamide.
- Examples of monomers of group (2) are esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with Ci-C3o-alkanols, C2-C3o-alkanediols and C2-C30-amino alcohols, amides of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and their N-alkyl and N, N-dialkyl derivatives, nitriles of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, esters of vinyl alcohol and allyl alcohol with C1-C30 monocarboxylic acids, N-vinyl lactams, nitrogen-containing heterocycles with ⁇ , ß-ethylenic unsaturated double bonds, vinyl aromatics, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, C 2 -C 8 monoolefins, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable representatives are e.g. Methyl (meth) acrylate (in which (meth) acrylate in the sense of the present invention means both acrylate and methacrylate), methyl acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl ethacrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl ethacrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures thereof.
- Methyl (meth) acrylate in which (meth) acrylate in the sense of the present invention means both acrylate and methacrylate
- methyl acrylate ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl
- Suitable additional monomers of the group (2) are also the esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with amino alcohols, preferably C2-Ci2-amino alcohols. These may be d-Cs-monoalkylated or dialkylated on the amine nitrogen.
- the acid component of these esters e.g. Acrylic, methacrylic, fumaric, maleic, itaconic, crotonic, maleic, monobutyl, and mixtures thereof. Preference is given to using acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
- N-methylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate N-methylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N , N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate and N, N-dimethylaminocyclohexyl (meth) acrylate.
- Such monomers of group (2) are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable additional monomers of group (2) are furthermore acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, n-
- monomers of group (2) are nitriles of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids such as, for example, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
- the presence of units of these monomers in the copolymer leads during or after the hydrolysis to products which have amidine units, cf. e.g. EP 0 528 409 A1 or DE 43 28 975 A1.
- aminin units are formed by reacting vinylamine units with an adjacent vinylformamide unit or, if a nitrile group is present as an adjacent group in the polymer.
- the indication of vinylamine units in the amphoteric copolymers or in unmodified homo- or copolymers always means the sum of vinylamine and amidine units.
- Suitable monomers of the group (2.) are furthermore N-vinyllactams and their derivatives, which are e.g. may have one or more d-C ⁇ -alkyl substituents (as defined above).
- N-vinylpyrrolidone N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-6-ethyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-7-methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-7-ethyl-2-caprolactam and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable monomers of group (2) are N-vinylimidazoles and alkylvinylimidazoles, in particular methylvinylimidazoles such as, for example, 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, 3-vinylimidazoleN-oxide, 2- and 4-vinylpyridine N-oxides and also betaine derivatives and quaternization products these monomers as well as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and mixtures thereof.
- the aforementioned monomers can be used individually or in the form of any mixtures. Typically, they are used in amounts of 1 to 90 mol%, preferably 10 to 80 mol% and particularly preferably 10 to 60 mol%.
- amphoteric Copoylmerisaten come as other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers of group (2.) and anionic monomers into consideration, which are referred to above as monomers (2.1). If appropriate, they may be copolymerized with the above-described neutral and / or cationic monomers (2.2). However, the amount of anionic monomers (2.1) is at most
- anionic monomers of group (2.1) are ethylenically unsaturated C3- to C6-carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, allylacetic acid, vinylacetic acid and crotonic acid.
- monomers containing sulfonic groups such as vinylsulfonic acid, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and styrenesulfonic acid, and monomers containing phosphonic groups, such as vinylphosphonic acid.
- the monomers of this group can be used alone or in admixture with each other, in partially or completely neutralized form in the copolymerization.
- neutralization for example, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases, ammonia, amines and / or alkanolamines are used. Examples of these are sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, soda, potash, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, triethanolamine, ethanolamine, morpholine, diethylenetriamine or tetraethylene pentamine.
- a further modification of the copolymers is possible by using in the copolymerization monomers of group (3.) which contain at least two double bonds in the molecule, e.g. Triallylamine, methylenebisacrylamide, glycol diacrylate, glycol dimethacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, pentaerythritol triallyl ether, polyalkylene glycols esterified at least twice with acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, or polyols such as pentaerythritol, soudite or glucose. These are so-called crosslinkers. If at least one monomer of the above group is used in the polymerization, the amounts used are up to 2 mol%, e.g. 0.001 to 1 mole%.
- regulators typically, from 0.001 to 5 mole percent is used. All regulators known from the literature, for example sulfur compounds such as mercaptoethanol, 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate, thiourea, can be used. oglycolic acid and dodecyl mercaptan and sodium hypophosphite, formic acid or Tribromchlormethan and terpinolene.
- the polymers (i) containing vinylamine units also include hydrolyzed graft polymers of, for example, N-vinylformamide on polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylformamides, polysaccharides such as starch, oligosaccharides or monosaccharides.
- the graft polymers can be obtained by free-radically polymerizing, for example, N-vinylformamide in aqueous medium in the presence of at least one of the stated grafting bases together with copolymerizable other monomers and then hydrolyzing the grafted vinylformamide units in a known manner to give vinylamine units.
- the hydrolysis of the copolymers described above can be carried out in the presence of acids or bases or else enzymatically.
- the vinylamine groups formed from the vinylcarboxamide units are present in salt form.
- the hydrolysis of vinylcarboxamide copolymers is described in detail in EP 0 438 744 A1, page 8, line 20 to page 10, line 3.
- the explanations made there apply correspondingly to the preparation of the cationic and / or amphoteric polymers containing vinylamine units to be used according to the invention and having a total cationic charge.
- the preparation of the homo- and copolymers (i) containing vinylamine units described above can be carried out by solution, precipitation, suspension or emulsion polymerization. Preference is given to solution polymerization in aqueous media.
- aqueous media are water and mixtures of water and at least one water-miscible solvent, e.g. an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol.
- vinylamine units also include the reaction products obtained by Hofmann degradation of homo- or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide in an aqueous medium in the presence of sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite and subsequent decarboxylation of the carbamate groups of the reaction products in the presence of a Acid are available.
- Such polymers are known, for example, from EP 0 377 313 and WO 2006/0751 15 A1.
- the preparation of polymers containing vinylamine groups is discussed in detail in WO 2006/0751 15 A1, page 4, line 25 to page 10, line 22 and in the examples on pages 13 and 14, for example.
- acrylamide and / or methacrylamide units are homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide and methacrylamide.
- Suitable comonomers are, for example, dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides, diallylamine, methyldiallylamine and also the salts of the amines and the quaternized amines.
- comonomers are dimethyldiallylammonium salts, acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride and / or methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl acetate and acrylic and methacrylic acid esters.
- anionic monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, itaconic acid, acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, methallylsulphonic acid and vinylsulphonic acid and the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of the abovementioned acidic monomers, where not more than 5 molar % of these monomers are used in the polymerization.
- the amount of water-insoluble monomers is chosen in the polymerization so that the resulting polymers are soluble in water.
- comonomers may also be used crosslinkers, e.g. ethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain at least two double bonds in the molecule, such as triallylamine, methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylol trimethacrylate.
- crosslinker e.g. ethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain at least two double bonds in the molecule, such as triallylamine, methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylol trimethacrylate.
- the amounts used are, for example, 5 to 5000 ppm.
- the polymerization of the monomers can be carried out by any known method, e.g. by free-radical initiated solution, precipitation or suspension polymerization. If appropriate, it is possible to work in the presence of customary polymer
- Hofmann degradation is for example from 20 to 40 wt .-% aqueous solutions of at least one acrylamide and / or methacrylamide units containing polymers.
- the ratio of alkali metal hypochlorite to (meth) acrylamide units in the polymer is decisive for the resulting content of amine groups in the polymer.
- the molar ratio of alkali metal hydroxide to alkali metal hypochlorite is for example 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 5.
- For a certain amine group content in the degraded polymer is calculated for the degradation of the polymer required amount of alkali metal hydroxide.
- the Hofmann degradation of the polymer takes place for example in the temperature range from 0 to 45 0 C, preferably 10 to prevent the starting polymer to 20 0 C in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts as a stabilizer to amide groups, a side reaction of the resulting amino groups with the A-.
- the aqueous reaction solution is passed into a reactor in which an acid is introduced for the decarboxylation of the reaction product.
- the pH of the reaction unit containing vinylamine units Product is set to a value of 2 to 7.
- the concentration of the degradation product containing vinylamine units is, for example, more than 3.5% by weight, in most cases above 4.5% by weight.
- the aqueous polymer solutions can be concentrated for example by means of ultrafiltration.
- the polymers containing ethyleneimine units (ii) include all polymers obtainable by polymerization of ethyleneimine in the presence of acids, Lewis acids or haloalkanes such as homopolymers of ethyleneimine or graft polymers of ethyleneimine, cf. US 2,182,306 or US 3,203,910. If desired, these polymers can subsequently be subjected to crosslinking.
- crosslinkers come e.g. all multifunctional compounds containing groups reactive with primary amino groups, e.g.
- multifunctional epoxides such as bisglycidyl ethers of oligo- or polyethylene oxides or other multifunctional alcohols such as glycerol or sugars, multifunctional carboxylic acid esters, mulifunctional isocyanates, polyfunctional acrylic or methacrylic acid esters, multifunctional acrylic or methacrylic acid amides, epichlorohydrin, multifunctional acid halides, multifunctional nitriles, ⁇ , ⁇ - Chlorohydrin ethers of oligo- or polyethylene oxides or of other multifunctional alcohols such as glycerol or sugars, divinyl sulfone, maleic anhydride or ⁇ -halocarboxylic acid chlorides, multifunctional haloalkanes in particular ⁇ , ⁇ -dichloroalkanes.
- Further crosslinkers are described in WO 97/25367 A1, pages 8 to 16.
- Polymers containing ethyleneimine units are known, for example, from EP 0 41 1 400 A1, DE 24 34 816 A1 and US Pat. No. 4,066,494.
- Polymers containing (ii) ethyleneimine units are e.g. in the process according to the invention at least one water-soluble cationic polymer from the group of
- Carboxylic acids, phosphonomethylated polyethyleneimines, - carboxylated polyethyleneimines and alkoxylated polyethyleneimines Polymers which are obtained by first condensing at least one polycarboxylic acid with at least one polyamine to form polyamidoamines, then grafting with ethyleneimine and subsequently crosslinking the reaction products with one of the abovementioned compounds belong to the ethylenimine units which are preferably suitable Links.
- a process for preparing such compounds is described, for example, in DE 24 34 816 A1, where ⁇ , ⁇ -chlorohydrin ethers of oligo- or polyethylene oxides are used as crosslinkers.
- Reaction products of polyethyleneimines with monobasic carboxylic acids to amidated polyethyleneimines are known from WO 94/12560 A1.
- Michael addition products of polyethyleneimines to ethylenically unsaturated acids, salts, esters, amides or nitriles of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids are the subject of WO 94/14873 A1.
- Phosphonomethylated polyethyleneimines are described in detail in WO 97/25367 A1.
- Carboxylated polyethyleneimines are obtainable, for example, by means of a stretching synthesis by reacting polyethyleneimines with formaldehyde and ammonia / hydrogen cyanide and hydrolysing the reaction products.
- Alkoxylated polyethyleneimines can be prepared by reacting Polyethyleiminen with alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
- the water-soluble cationic polymer (b) used may be, in each case, the polymers containing (i) vinylamine units or polymers containing (ii) ethyleneimine units.
- the polymers containing (i) vinylamine units or polymers containing (ii) ethyleneimine units may be, in each case, the polymers containing (i) vinylamine units or polymers containing (ii) ethyleneimine units.
- any mixture of (i) polymer containing vinylamine units and (ii) polymer containing ethylene-mine units can also be used.
- the weight ratio of (i) polymers containing vinylamine units to (ii) polymers containing ethyleneimine units is, for example, 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 5, and more preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2.
- the at least one water-soluble cationic polymer (b) is particularly preferred in the process according to the invention for producing paper, for example in an amount of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 1.0% by weight 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, each based on dry pulp, used.
- the amphoteric polymers (c) are water-soluble.
- the solubility in water under normal conditions (20 ° C., 1013 mbar) and pH 7.0 is for example at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight.
- the water-soluble amphoteric polymers (c) which can be used in the process according to the invention are composed of at least three structural units:
- water-soluble amphoteric polymers (c) may also contain crosslinkers and / or regulators.
- crosslinkers and regulators are also those already used in the water-soluble cationic polymers (b).
- Examples of monomers whose polymers contain structural units (A) are esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 2 -C 30 -aminoalcohols, amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and their N-alkyl and N, N-dialkyl derivatives, nitrogen-containing heterocycles having ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated double bonds and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable monomers of this group are the esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with amino alcohols, preferably C2-Ci2-amino alcohols. These may be C 1 -C 12 monoalkylated or dialkylated on the amine nitrogen.
- the acid component of these esters e.g. Acrylic, methacrylic, fumaric, maleic, itaconic, crotonic, maleic, monobutyl, and mixtures thereof. Preference is given to using acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
- N-methylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate N-methylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N , N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate and N, N-dimethylaminocyclohexyl (meth) acrylate.
- N-vinylimidazoles and alkylvinylimidazoles in particular methylvinylimidazoles such as, for example, 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, 3-vinylimidazole N-oxide, 2- and 4-vinylpyridine N-oxides and also betaine derivatives and quaternization products of these monomers and mixtures from that.
- the respective quaternary compounds are also suitable.
- the quaternary compounds of the monomers are obtained by reacting the monomers with known quaternizing agents, e.g. with methyl chloride, benzyl chloride, ethyl chloride, butyl bromide, dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate or Alkylepoxiden.
- Examples of monomers whose polymers contain structural units (B) are those which carry an acid function. These are selected from monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acids and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 8 C atoms in the molecule and / or their alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts.
- Examples of such monomers of this group are ethylenically unsaturated C3 to Cs carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, dimethacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, allylacetic acid, vinylacetic acid and crotonic acid.
- monomers containing sulfonic groups such as vinylsulfonic acid, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and styrenesulfonic acid, and monomers containing phosphonic groups, such as vinylphosphonic acid.
- Sulfonic group-containing monomers are, in particular, those of the formula (II) and salts thereof
- R 1 H or a Ci-C4-alkyl group and n is an integer in the range of 1 to 8 is, preferably.
- the monomers of this group can be used alone or in admixture with each other, in partially or completely neutralized form in the copolymerization.
- neutralization for example, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases, ammonia, amines and / or alkanolamines are used. Examples of this are caustic soda, Potassium hydroxide, soda, potash, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, triethanolamine, ethanolamine, morpholine, diethylenetriamine or tetraethylenepentamine.
- Monomers whose polymers contain structural units (C) are monomers of formula (I), esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C1-C30 alkanols and C2-C3o-alkanediols, (meth) acrylamides, nitriles of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, esters of vinyl alcohol and allyl alcohol with d-C3o monocarboxylic acids, N-vinyl lactams and mixtures thereof.
- Monomers of the formula (I) are, for example, N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinylpropionamide and N-vinyl-N- methylpropionamide and N-vinylbutyramide.
- These monomers can be used alone or in admixture in the copolymerization with the monomers of the other groups.
- Preferably used monomer of this group is N-vinylformamide.
- Suitable representatives of this monomer group are e.g. Methyl (meth) acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, n-butyl octyl (meth) acrylate,
- Suitable monomers of this group are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate , 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable monomers are acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, n-propyl (meth) acrylamide, N- (n-butyl) (meth) acrylamide, tert-butyl ( meth) acrylamide, n-octyl (meth) acrylamide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl (meth) acrylamide, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylamide and mixtures thereof.
- nitriles of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are suitable.
- Suitable monomers of this group are furthermore N-vinyllactams and derivatives thereof, which may have, for example, one or more C 1 -C 6 -alkyl substituents (as defined above).
- N-vinylpyrrolidone N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-6-ethyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-7-methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-7-ethyl-2-caprolactam and mixtures thereof.
- the proportion of monomers whose polymers contain the structural units (C) in the water-soluble amphoteric polymer is at least 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used to prepare the water-soluble polymer (c).
- the proportion of monomers whose polymers contain the structural units (C) is preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 75% by weight and especially preferably at least 85% by weight, but not more than 98% by weight. , in each case based on the total weight of the monomers, which are used for the preparation of the water-soluble Polymweren (c).
- the molar ratio of the monomers whose polymers contain the structural units (A) to those whose polymers contain the structural units (B) is usually in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2 and more preferably 1: 1.
- amphoteric polymers (c) are known in the literature, as well as their preparation.
- the amphoteric polymers can be prepared by radical polymerization of the aforementioned monomers in solution, as gel polymerization, precipitation polymerization, water-in-water polymerization, water-in-oil polymerization or by spray polymerization.
- the water-soluble amphoteric polymers (c) used are preferably those as described in EP 0 659 780 A1, EP 0 919 578 A1, EP 1 849 803 A1, JP 08-269891, JP 2005-023434 and JP 2001-1279595 disclosed.
- the at least one water-soluble amphoteric polymer (c) is used in the process according to the invention for the production of paper, for example in an amount of from 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, preferably from 0.03 to 1.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, each based on dry paper stock used.
- the present invention also provides the papers produced by the process described above, as well as cardboard and paperboard.
- suitable fibrous materials for the production of the pulps are all qualities customary for this purpose, eg wood pulp, bleached and unbleached pulp and pulps from all annual plants.
- Wood pulp includes, for example, groundwood, thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP), chemo-thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP), pressure groundwood, semi-pulp, high yield pulp and refiner mechanical pulp (RMP).
- TMP thermo-mechanical pulp
- CMP chemo-thermo-mechanical pulp
- RMP refiner mechanical pulp
- pulp for example, sulphate, sulfate Fit and soda pulps into consideration.
- unbleached pulp also referred to as unbleached kraft pulp
- Suitable annual plants for the production of paper materials are for example rice, wheat, sugarcane and kenaf.
- the inventive method is particularly suitable for the production of dry-proof papers from waste paper (including deinked waste paper), which is used either alone or in admixture with other fibers. It is also possible to start with fiber blends of primary and recycled coated broke, e.g. bleached pine sulfate in admixture with reclaimed coated broke.
- the inventive method is for the production of paper, cardboard and cardboard from waste paper and in special cases from deinked waste paper of technical interest, because it significantly increases the strength properties of the recycled fibers. It is of particular importance for improving the strength properties of graphic papers and packaging papers.
- the pH of the stock suspension is, for example, in the range of 4.5 to 8, usually 6 to 7.5.
- an acid such as sulfuric acid or aluminum sulphate.
- the order of addition of the components (a), (b) and (c) is arbitrary, wherein the components can be added to the fiber suspension individually or in each mixture.
- the cationic components namely the (a) trivalent cations in the form of a salt and (b) water-soluble cationic polymers, are metered into the pulp.
- the addition of the cationic components (a) and (b) may be carried out separately or in admixture with the thick material (fiber concentration> 15 g / l, for example in the range of 25 to 40 g / l up to 60 g / l) or preferably in the Thin material (fiber concentration ⁇ 15 g / l, eg in the range of 5 to 12 g / l).
- the point of addition is preferably in front of the screens, but it can also be between a shearing stage and a screen or afterwards.
- the metering of the cationic components (a) and (b) to the paper stock can be carried out successively, simultaneously or as a mixture of (a) and (b) as described above.
- the water-soluble amphoteric polymer (c) is usually added only after the addition of the cationic components (a) and (b) to the pulp, but can also be added to the pulp simultaneously and also in admixture with (a) and (b). Furthermore, it is also possible first to add the water-soluble amphoteric polymer (c) and subsequently the cationic components (a) and (b) or first to meter one of the cationic components (a) or (b) to the stock, then the water-soluble amphoteric polymer (c) and then adding the other cationic component (a) or (b).
- the addition of a mixture of the (a) trivalent cation in the form of a salt and the (c) water-soluble amphoteric polymer to the paper stock is first carried out. Subsequently, the (b) water-soluble cationic polymer is added.
- the process chemicals commonly used in papermaking can be used in the usual amounts, e.g. Retention aids, dehydrating agents, other dry strength agents such as, for example, starch, pigments, fillers, optical brighteners, defoamers, biocides and paper dyes.
- the process according to the invention gives dry-proof papers whose dry strength relative to papers produced by known processes has an increased dry strength.
- the dewatering rate is improved compared to known methods.
- the percentages in the examples are by weight unless otherwise specified.
- sheets were produced in laboratory tests in a Rapid-Köthen laboratory sheet former. The leaves were stored for 24 hours at 23 0 C and a humidity of 50%. Thereafter, the following strength tests were carried out:
- Alum technical aluminum sulphate powder [Ab (SO 4 ) S-14 HbO]
- Polymer K3 Cationic polyvinylamine, Hofmann degradation product, molecular weight about 25,000 daltons, solids content 8% by weight (RSL HF 70D from SNF SAS)
- Polymer A2 Amphoteric polyacrylamide, solids content 20 wt .-% (Polystron ® PS GE 200 R Arakawa)
- Anionic polyacrylamide molecular weight about 600,000 daltons, solid content 16 wt .-% (Luredur ® PR 8284 of BASF SE)
- Polymer V3 polyallylamine, molecular weight approx. 15,000 daltons, solids content 93% by weight (PAA-HCl-3S from Nittobo)
- the trivalent cations and polymers shown in the Tables were added successively to the stock described above with stirring.
- the polymer concentration of the aqueous solutions of cationic and anionic polymers was 1% each, and that of the trivalent cation in aqueous solution was 1% each.
- 0.27% of a commercial defoamer SLO Afranil ® from BASF SE
- the amounts of the trivalent cations and polymers used in each case are given in percent by weight, based on the solids content of the paper stock.
- Examples 1 to 10 according to the invention show in particular the surprisingly good effect of the system consisting of three components on the dry strength and at the same time on the dewatering.
- Comparison 1 Comparison according to DE 10 2004 056 551 A1
- Comparison 2 Comparison analogous to DE 10 2004 056 551 A1 and additionally predosing a trivalent cation
- Example 1 Dosing order: Cation 1, Polymer K1, Polymer A1
- Example 2 Dosing order: Cation 2, Polymer K1, Polymer A1
- Example 3 Dosing order: Polymer K1, Cation 1, Polymer A1
- Example 4 Dosing order: Mixture of cation 1 and polymer K1, polymer A1 10
- Example 5 Dosing order: cation 1, polymer A1, polymer K1
- Comparison 4 Comparison according to DE 10 2004 056 551 A1
- Comparison 5 Comparison according to DE 10 2004 056 551 A1 and additionally pre-dosage of a trivalent cation
- Comparison 7 Comparison according to JP 54-030913 A1
- Comparison 8 Comparison according to JP 54-030913 A1
- Comparison 10 Comparison analogous to JP 02-1 12498 A1
- Examples 6 to 10 Dosing order in each case: trivalent cation, cationic polymer, amphoteric polymer
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- Paper (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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EP10724788.4A EP2443284B2 (de) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-07 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der trockenfestigkeit von papier, pappe und karton |
PL10724788T PL2443284T5 (pl) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-07 | Sposób zwiększania wytrzymałości na sucho papieru, tektury i kartonu |
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EP09007861 | 2009-06-16 | ||
EP10724788.4A EP2443284B2 (de) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-07 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der trockenfestigkeit von papier, pappe und karton |
PCT/EP2010/057890 WO2010145956A1 (de) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-07 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der trockenfestigkeit von papier, pappe und karton |
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EP2443284A1 true EP2443284A1 (de) | 2012-04-25 |
EP2443284B1 EP2443284B1 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
EP2443284B2 EP2443284B2 (de) | 2020-11-18 |
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US (1) | US8926797B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2443284B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5832426B2 (de) |
CN (2) | CN104532674A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2763508C (de) |
ES (1) | ES2663702T5 (de) |
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ES2663702T5 (es) | 2021-12-16 |
EP2443284B2 (de) | 2020-11-18 |
PL2443284T5 (pl) | 2021-04-19 |
PL2443284T3 (pl) | 2018-07-31 |
CN104532674A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
JP5832426B2 (ja) | 2015-12-16 |
EP2443284B1 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
ES2663702T3 (es) | 2018-04-16 |
WO2010145956A1 (de) | 2010-12-23 |
JP2012530196A (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
CN102459760A (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
CA2763508A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
US8926797B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
US20120073773A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
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