EP2337912B1 - Immeuble avec une cage d'escalier et un puits d'aération - Google Patents

Immeuble avec une cage d'escalier et un puits d'aération Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2337912B1
EP2337912B1 EP09736194A EP09736194A EP2337912B1 EP 2337912 B1 EP2337912 B1 EP 2337912B1 EP 09736194 A EP09736194 A EP 09736194A EP 09736194 A EP09736194 A EP 09736194A EP 2337912 B1 EP2337912 B1 EP 2337912B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rise building
stairwell
building according
floor
door
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09736194A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2337912A1 (fr
Inventor
Horst A. Ermer
Hans Gaida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swiss Raltec GmbH
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Swiss Raltec GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to PL09736194T priority Critical patent/PL2337912T3/pl
Publication of EP2337912A1 publication Critical patent/EP2337912A1/fr
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Publication of EP2337912B1 publication Critical patent/EP2337912B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B15/00—Installations affording protection against poisonous or injurious substances, e.g. with separate breathing apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0004—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create overpressure in a room
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/50—HVAC for high buildings, e.g. thermal or pressure differences

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-rise building according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a skyscraper is from the document DE 23 23 178 A1 known.
  • the document DE 20 2004 016229 U1 describes a multi-storey car park, which has several parking levels arranged one above the other in a tiered manner. All these parking decks are connected to a staircase via a lock. Each lock is also connected to the staircase via a door.
  • the permissible pressure range is thus between 45 and 55 Pa, in the above example only five of the 15-20 projectiles are subjected to the correct pressure. All floors above have a lower pressure than 45 Pa.
  • this problem can be counteracted by providing the above-mentioned inflow openings from about the 8th floor, for example, they are all three levels. Air is admitted from the supply duct, which is usually adjacent to the stairwell, into the stairwell. This allows a stable homogeneity of pressure over the entire height of the building.
  • the table below shows an example calculation for a high-rise building with 42 storeys, the table shows how the pressures between the stairwell and the usage unit are set in normal operation, in summer and in winter. At pressures above 50 Pa, it is usually difficult, if not impossible, for a normal-weight and normal-strength person to open a door.
  • the above-mentioned door opening force according to the standard EN 12101-6 which is limited to a maximum of 100 N, is exceeded.
  • the stairwell is subdivided into subspaces in the vertical direction. So there is a section formation.
  • the individual subspaces are separated by a respective bulkhead.
  • the subdivision is not necessarily dense, but it has only a small leak rate.
  • Small leak rate means small in relation to the supply of air, the leak rate is in particular less than 5%, preferably 1% of the supply air or less than 0.1 m / s. Per second, less than 1 m3 of air is lost through the leaks.
  • the supply air shaft remains as in the prior art throughout.
  • the inflow openings are retained.
  • essentially the stairwell is thus changed.
  • the type of control of the introduction of air into the supply air shaft and from the supply air shaft into the stairwell is also changed.
  • the subdivision of the staircase is preferably carried out outside the steps, for example parallel to individual stairs and e.g. at a landing or a -pipee. It can be located at a location where the entrance doors for the transition into the usage unit are arranged. But it can also be done offset by half a floor.
  • the air space of the staircase is divided every 10 to 30 storeys, in particular every 15 to 20 storeys, each with a bulkhead. In other words, sections are formed between 30 to 70 m.
  • the bulkhead is both a pressure bulkhead and a flow bulkhead. If the skyscraper has, for example, 48 storeys, it is expediently subdivided by two bulkheads into three subspaces or pressure zones. A lower pressure zone extends from the ground floor to the floor 16, a middle pressure zone covers the floors 17-32, the upper pressure zone includes the floors 32-48.
  • the bulkhead is preferably a lightweight wall that divides the stairwell more or less dense. He has the function to divide the airspace of the stairwell or separate. Since the bulkhead is located in the "stairwell" fire section, no fire protection requirements are imposed on the building materials, doors or control devices used. Preferably, materials are used for the Schott, which are not flammable or have a sufficient fire class.
  • the door of the bulkhead is in the direction of escape, i. following the way from top to bottom, built-in. Preferably, it is associated with an automatic door closer. This ensures that the door is normally closed.
  • the door of the bulkhead for example, be designed as a swing door with appropriate load in the closed position.
  • barometric flaps are provided in the bulkhead, which in particular without auxiliary energy directly ensure a pressure equalization between the partial space affected by the fire and an adjoining subareas lying adjacent thereto or below.
  • Barometric valves can be designed as mechanical control units. Depending on the design, for example, with weights or with spring force, they can be set to the required pressure specification.
  • two barometric valves are installed in a bulkhead, they allow the flow of air in both directions.
  • the barometric valves are preferably arranged next to and above the door. They may also be formed in the door, they may be more or less from the door, e.g. Swing door, be formed.
  • the design of the barometric valves according to size and pressure difference depends on the fire protection concept. In particular, it depends on what pressure difference between stairwell and use unit is required.
  • the barometric valves can be made according to the state of the art.
  • a fire on the 24th Floor of a skyscraper arises, it is detected and supply air from the supply duct into the corresponding subspace, for example, limited by the 16th and 32nd floor, promoted the stairwell.
  • corresponding valves are advantageously opened, which are each arranged in a connection between supply air shaft and staircase, specifically opened. Only the valves that are located in the affected compartment are opened.
  • an air volume of approximately 20,000 m 3 / h is required.
  • about 30,000 m 3 / h are supplied to the considered subspace of the stairwell.
  • the barometric flaps act as pressure relief flaps in two directions: the upwardly opening barometric flap in the upper bulkhead of the sub-chamber causes an upward flow into the unpressurised, overlying subspace.
  • the upwardly opening barometric valve in the lower bulkhead of the subspace allows a flow into the adjacent, not pressurized, subjacent subspace. This ensures at all times that the maximum pressure difference in the subspace over its entire height is maintained.
  • the advantage of the bulkhead is not only in case of fire, but already in normal operating condition. This is the static air pressure in the stairwell. An additional supply of air in the stairwell is usually not.
  • air is blown into the Zu Kunststoffschaft in a known manner via fans. This can be done anywhere. It can be done for example on the ground floor, it can be done on the top floor, but it can also be done at an intermediate point, for example in a technical floor.
  • the air pressure decreases, this can be calculated by means of the barometric altitude formula.
  • the air is therefore thinner on the top floor of the building than on the ground floor.
  • a fan at the same speed promotes a smaller volume of air.
  • the barometric effect can be corrected by computer. Knowing the height of the fire floor, the fans can be operated at the appropriate speed to compensate for the drop in volume according to the barometric altitude formula.
  • a staircase 38 is shown extending over the floors 14-33 (with a drawn break between 19 and 29). It is limited by walls 40, 42, 44 and 46. It has a staircase 48. It consists of individual staircases, which are each formed in the example shown as U-stairs with half-platform 50. To each landing staircase includes a landing 52, to which a lower staircase 54 connects, which opens into the half-platform 50. From this, an upper staircase 56 goes to the next overlying landing of the next landing stairs. Between the two staircases 54, 56 is a stairwell, which is normally open. In the embodiment shown, however, it is closed in the area between the floors 15 and 16 and between the floors 31 and 32.
  • This bulkhead 58 has a bulkhead 60. It is composed in shape of an elongated rectangle and a triangle attached to one longitudinal side of this rectangle. The bulkhead 60 is oriented vertically. The two sides of the triangle not connected to the rectangle reach into the staircase eyes of a lower staircase 54 and the associated upper staircase 56. The described rectangle connects the half-platforms 50 of superimposed projectiles. Overall, a more or less dense subdivision is achieved. In FIG. 1 two such bulkheads 58 are shown, one between the 16th and 17th floors, the other between the 31st and 32nd floors.
  • a door 62 is installed in the bulkhead 60. It is expedient assigned an overhead door closer (not shown). Furthermore, 60 two barometric pressure flaps 64 and 66 are installed in the bulkhead. They work in different directions. The pressure flap 64 opens from bottom to top, the pressure flap 66 operates in the opposite direction. Both are preferably identical. They are formed according to the prior art and set for an automatic opening at a predetermined pressure value, for example 50 Pa. It is possible to ral ensue both passage directions in a pressure flap.
  • stairwell door 68 in a lock 70 and from this via an entrance door 72 in the associated floor.
  • the stairwell door 68 and the door 62 of the bulkhead 58 are offset by half a floor. This is not necessary, other versions are possible.
  • the skyscraper has a Zu Kunststoffschacht 74. Like the stairwell 38, it extends over the entire height of the considered building, at least the considered section.
  • the supply air shaft 74 is connected at certain intervals, for example every three to eight floors, in particular in technical floors, via inflow openings or channels 76 with the stairwell 38.
  • Each channel 76 is associated with a controllable valve 78. Normally it is closed.
  • Each individual valve 78 is connected to a control unit 80.
  • the supply air shaft 74 is supplied with air. Usually, this is done via multiple fans that can be arranged at different locations. Exemplary is in FIG. 1 a fan 82 shown, which acts on the supply air duct 74 via a line 84 if necessary with air. The fan 82 is controlled by the control unit 80.
  • a fire alarm system 86 is provided, it detects a fire and gives a fire signal to the control unit 80, this is electrically connected to this.
  • the fire alarm system 86 includes a plurality of fire detectors 88, which are each provided per floor and of which only a few are shown by way of example. They are connected to each other, for example, via a bus and with the fire alarm system 86, If one of these Brandmeider 88 speaks to, so in the fire alarm system 86, the information about fire and information on the floor concerned. These are forwarded to the control unit 80. This now determines which subspace is affected, drives the fans to the required extent and possibly taking into account the height and opens those valves 78 that open into the affected subspace, possibly only a part of them. As a result, the prescribed overpressure is achieved in the subspace.
  • Into the stairwell 38 is air only through the air supply through the channels 76 and 74 via the supply air shaft. There are no other sources of air supply for the stairwell 38.
  • FIG. 3 It will be explained how the lowest subspace and the upper subspace are formed. Shown are the floors 0 (ground floor), 1 and 2 for the lower subspace and the floors 90 to 93 for the uppermost subspace. Details of how they look FIG. 1 arise and the formation of the supply air duct, the channels, valves and the air supply into the supply air shaft 74 are in FIG. 3 not shown to simplify the drawing. They are present, however.
  • this bulkhead 58 has a bulkhead wall, as in FIG. 1 is described, it is provided in her a door 62. Such a door can be omitted if you can not get into the room above the floor 93 via the stairwell, but for example via other entrances.
  • a barometric pressure flap 64 is installed, which therefore opens from bottom to top. A pressure flap in the other direction is expressly not provided. This means that over the top bulkhead only air can escape upwards, but from above, so above the floor 93, no air can flow.
  • a room 101 Above the uppermost bulkhead 58 is a room 101. It is about the height of a floor. Above this room there is a roof 102. In the roof 102, a ventilation flap 103 is arranged. It corresponds to the state of the art. About them is only an upward flow possible.
  • an entrance door 110 is provided, via which one reaches an exit area 111. This is closed off to the side of the house via an inner access door 112. You have to pass both doors 110, 112 to get into the stairwell 38. Behind the access door 112 is an entrance area 114. From this, a lower space 131 of the stairwell 38 is reached via a door 62. It is arranged in a bulkhead 58, which separates the input area 114 from the lower space 131. In the associated bulkhead 60, a barometric pressure flap 66 is arranged, which allows an outflow only from top to bottom. It is also possible to arrange the partition wall just described between the first and second floor or the second and third floor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Immeuble de grande hauteur ayant une cage d'escalier (38), un puits d'amenée d'air (74), des ouvertures d'admission (76) qui relient ledit puits d'amenée d'air (74) à ladite cage d'escalier (38), ainsi qu'une installation de pression destinée à maintenir sans fumée ladite cage d'escalier (38), caractérisé par le fait que ladite cage d'escalier (38) est divisée verticalement par au moins une cloison (58) en une pluralité d'espaces partiaux et que chaque cloison (58) présente une porte qui permet un passage d'un espace partiel de la cage d'escalier (38) à l'espace partiel voisin.
  2. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'espace partiel s'étend sur dix à trente étages, de préférence sur quinze à vingt étages.
  3. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ladite cloison (58) présente au moins un clapet de pression (64).
  4. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que ledit clapet de pression est un clapet de pression barométrique (64).
  5. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que ladite cloison (58) présente deux clapets de pression (64, 66) qui sont disposés dans des directions d'écoulement différentes.
  6. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la porte (62) ouvre dans le sens de fuite et est, en particulier, une porte attachée ou une porte va-et-vient.
  7. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la porte (62) d'une cloison (58) se trouve normalement en position d'ouverture et que, en cas d'alerte d'incendie, ladite porte est déplacée dans la position de fermeture.
  8. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, en cas normal, ladite cloison (58) n'est formée que partiellement et que, en cas d'incendie, ladite cloison (58) est réalisée mécaniquement.
  9. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il présente une installation d'avertissement d'incendie (86), qu'il comprend une unité de commande (80), que ladite unité de commande (80) est reliée à ladite installation d'avertissement d'incendie (86), que ladite unité de commande (80) commande les courants d'air à travers lesdites ouvertures d'admission (76) de telle sorte que ce soit uniquement l'espace partiel de ladite cage d'escalier (38), au niveau duquel est situé le foyer d'incendie, qui est alimenté en air.
  10. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ledit puits d'amenée d'air (74) est relié à chacun des espaces partiaux par au moins l'une des ouvertures d'admission (76) à laquelle est associée une vanne (78) qui commande le passage à travers les ouvertures d'admission (76) et est reliée à ladite unité de commande (80).
  11. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ladite installation d'avertissement d'incendie (86) comprend une pluralité d'avertisseurs d'incendie (88) et est conçue de manière à ce que l'étage dans lequel un cas d'incendie se produit puisse être détecté.
  12. Immeuble de grande hauteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il présente une unité de commande (80) et que dans celle-ci est mémorisée une information pour savoir quels étages (14-33) appartiennent à quel espace partiel de ladite cage d'escalier (38).
EP09736194A 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 Immeuble avec une cage d'escalier et un puits d'aération Active EP2337912B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09736194T PL2337912T3 (pl) 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 Wieżowiec z otwartą klatką schodową i szybem powietrza dopływającego

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008050438 2008-10-08
PCT/EP2009/063129 WO2010040814A1 (fr) 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 Immeuble avec une cage d'escalier et un puits d'aération

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2337912A1 EP2337912A1 (fr) 2011-06-29
EP2337912B1 true EP2337912B1 (fr) 2013-01-23

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ID=41566405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09736194A Active EP2337912B1 (fr) 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 Immeuble avec une cage d'escalier et un puits d'aération

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US9187918B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2337912B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5447529B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101259311B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102177301B (fr)
AU (1) AU2009301094B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0914057A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2739363A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2403631T3 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ592144A (fr)
PL (1) PL2337912T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010040814A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016034415A1 (fr) 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Swiss Raltec Gmbh Immeuble de grande taille comprenant n étages et un puits d'évacuation
WO2022090307A1 (fr) 2020-10-28 2022-05-05 Bekim Mazreku Fermeture dotée d'un dispositif de clapet

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CN106016567B (zh) * 2016-07-08 2021-09-24 何建兴 一种城市建筑物的空气调节系统
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US11162703B2 (en) * 2016-08-19 2021-11-02 Fraunhofer Usa, Inc. System and method for characterization of retrofit opportunities in building using data from communicating thermostats
WO2018032482A1 (fr) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 中国科学技术大学 Système et procédé d'alimentation en air utilisés dans un immeuble-tour
WO2018032498A1 (fr) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 中国科学技术大学 Procédé et système de mise en pression, d'alimentation en air et de blocage de la fumée dans une cage d'escalier d'immeuble-tour
US11435098B2 (en) * 2019-03-15 2022-09-06 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP System and method for access control using differential air pressure
CN110963391B (zh) * 2019-12-23 2023-12-05 华南理工大学 一种高层建筑新型抗烟囱效应智能感应门系统及控制方法
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016034415A1 (fr) 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Swiss Raltec Gmbh Immeuble de grande taille comprenant n étages et un puits d'évacuation
WO2022090307A1 (fr) 2020-10-28 2022-05-05 Bekim Mazreku Fermeture dotée d'un dispositif de clapet

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Publication number Publication date
US9187918B2 (en) 2015-11-17
PL2337912T3 (pl) 2013-06-28
CN102177301A (zh) 2011-09-07
WO2010040814A1 (fr) 2010-04-15
NZ592144A (en) 2013-01-25
KR20110065555A (ko) 2011-06-15
EP2337912A1 (fr) 2011-06-29
KR101259311B1 (ko) 2013-05-06
CA2739363A1 (fr) 2010-04-15
AU2009301094B2 (en) 2015-08-27
JP5447529B2 (ja) 2014-03-19
JP2012504994A (ja) 2012-03-01
ES2403631T3 (es) 2013-05-20
AU2009301094A1 (en) 2010-04-15
US20110179732A1 (en) 2011-07-28
BRPI0914057A2 (pt) 2015-11-03
CN102177301B (zh) 2013-09-11

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