EP2318587A1 - Plaque de guidage angulaire et système de fixation d'un rail - Google Patents

Plaque de guidage angulaire et système de fixation d'un rail

Info

Publication number
EP2318587A1
EP2318587A1 EP09779888A EP09779888A EP2318587A1 EP 2318587 A1 EP2318587 A1 EP 2318587A1 EP 09779888 A EP09779888 A EP 09779888A EP 09779888 A EP09779888 A EP 09779888A EP 2318587 A1 EP2318587 A1 EP 2318587A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide plate
rail
rib
winkelelfuhrungsplatte
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09779888A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2318587B1 (fr
Inventor
Winfried BÖSTERLING
Lutz Rademacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vossloh Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Vossloh Werke GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vossloh Werke GmbH filed Critical Vossloh Werke GmbH
Priority to PL09779888T priority Critical patent/PL2318587T3/pl
Publication of EP2318587A1 publication Critical patent/EP2318587A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2318587B1 publication Critical patent/EP2318587B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members
    • E01B9/30—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members
    • E01B9/30—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips
    • E01B9/303—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips the clip being a shaped bar

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Winkelelbowungsplatte for mounting a rail on a substrate, with a recess which serves as a seat for a free end portion of a spring arm to be mounted on the Winkelelschreibungsplatte tension clamp, as long as it is in the preassembly position, wherein the recess to the end portion to less than half of its circumference.
  • the invention relates to a system for fixing a rail on a substrate, this system a Winkelelbowungsplatte, one on the
  • Winkelelbowungsplatte arranged W-shaped tension clamp which has at least one spring arm which acts with its free end portion on the rail to be fastened, and comprises a clamping means for clamping the tension clamp against the ground.
  • angle guide plates and fastening systems of the type in question are used in the attachment of rails on a solid surface, for example by a concrete sleeper or a concrete slab may be formed.
  • the rail to be fastened stands on an elastic intermediate layer directly on the solid ground. Laterally, the rail is guided by Wmkelschreibungsplatten, which form in pairs between them a track-accurate rail channel.
  • Winkelbesselsplatte On the Winkelbesselsplatte usually a W-shaped tension clamp is mounted, which prints in the assembled state with the free end portions of their spring arms on the free top of the rail of the rail to be fastened. At one of their free end portion respectively opposite, curved and truncated on the Winkelelschreibungsplatte support section go the spring arms of the tension clamp in a middle loop, which is braced by means of a clamping screw against the solid ground.
  • the U-shaped middle loop of the tension clamp engages around the clamping screw.
  • Their legs are designed so that the tension clamp with pre-assembled, a reduced contact force exerting clamping screw from a pre-assembly, in which the free end portions of the spring arms of the tension clamp on a parallel to the rail to be mounted extending rib and their Stutz sections sit on one of the [respective shoulder of the solid surface associated area, can be pushed into the mounting position, wherein the spring arms act on the rail and the Stutzabterrorisme the tension clamp in a in the Winkelelbowungsplatte molded for this, usually groove-shaped recess sitting.
  • a throat is usually formed on the side facing away from the rail to be mounted in the ribs assigned to the free end sections of the spring arms of the tensioning clamp.
  • Their shape is chosen so that the free end portions of the pre-assembled tension clamp sit form-fitting in them.
  • the throat goes in a sharp-edged angle in the plane, usually parallel to the ground associated Aufstandflache the Winkelelbowungsplatte extend top of the rib over. In this way it is ensured that the tension clamp can be brought from its pre-assembly in the final assembly position only by overcoming a certain resistance over the edge between the throat and the rib top.
  • the object of the invention was to ensure at least one Winkelbebowungsplatte comprehensive rail fastening systems of the type described above in a simple way on the one hand, the proper grip of the tension clamp in its pre-assembly and on the other hand to facilitate the final assembly.
  • an angle guide plate has a recess for mounting a rail on a substrate.
  • a preassembled inventive fastening system sits in this recess of the free end portion, with which the spring arm of the invention to be arranged on the Winkelelschreibungsplatte tension clamp in the assembled state exerts the spring force required to hold down on the rail.
  • the recess is thereby formed so that it engages around the end portion to less than half of its circumference. In this way, although the end portion of the respective spring arm in the pre-assembled position sit positively in the recess.
  • the shape of the recess allows it to push the end portion of the recess, without having to displace material of Winkelelschreibungsplatte.
  • the transition between the recess and at least adjoining the recess in the direction of the rail to be mounted portion of Winkelelschreibungsplatte is formed without jolts, a shape of the Winkelelschreibungsplatte is achieved by the one hand is ensured that the tension clamp securely held in its pre-assembly is.
  • it allows the inventive design of the Winkelelschreibungsplatte, the tension clamp from this position in the Push final assembly position, without it being necessary to disengage the clamping means, which exerts already in the pre-assembly required for the secure retention of the tension clamp in its pre-mounting position on the tension clamp.
  • the amount by which the spring arms are additionally braced is dependent on the height difference between the receptacle and the tip of the rib over which the end portion of the spring arm must be pushed. Due to the fact that the transition between the receptacle and the portion of the Winkelelbowungsplatte over which slides the end portion of the spring arm in the displacement from the pre-to the final assembly position, according to the invention is formed jump-free, it is ensured that the required deformation of the spring arm automatically adjusted when the tension clamp is moved in a rectilinear movement in the direction of the rail. It is not necessary to remove the clamping device from the pre-assembly position.
  • the inventive jump-free transition from the recording in the adjacent section of Winkelelbowungsplatte For example, it can be accomplished by rounding off the transition between the receptacle and the adjacent sections of the ramp.
  • the rounded shape has the advantage that the receptacle can be formed as a recess with a defined edge zone, which must be overcome by the respective end portion in a sliding movement and thus constitutes an effective obstacle against an automatic movement of the tension clamp from its pre-assembly.
  • the transition of the end portion of the spring arm on the rail of the rail to be fastened can be facilitated by the fact that in a conventional manner at the assigned to be mounted rail front of the rib from the top of the rib obliquely up to the voltage applied to the rail contact surface leading sliding surface is formed for the end portion of the tension clamp.
  • Winkelelschreibungsplatte have a wear-resistant material in at least one of the relevant surface sections. This is particularly useful in those places where it comes in the course of assembly postponement of the tension clamp or during operation due to the spring movements performed by the tension clamp relative movements between the Winkelelschreibungsplatte and the tension clamp. This can be achieved particularly cost-effectively by applying the wear-resistant material to the respective surface section.
  • the wear-resistant material can also be used in the form of inserts in appropriately prepared recordings of Winkelelschreibungsplatte. It is also conceivable to manufacture the entire section of the angular contact plate assigned to the respective surface section from such a wear-resistant material.
  • Fig. 1 a Winkelelbowungsplatte in a side view
  • FIG. 2 shows the angle guide plate according to FIG. 1 in a view from above;
  • FIG. 3 shows a system for fastening a rail in pre-assembly position in a lateral view.
  • FIG. 4 shows the system according to FIG. 3 in final assembly position in a lateral view
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a system for fastening a rail in the preassembly position in a lateral view corresponding to FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a used in the system of FIG. 5 Winkelelbowungsplatte in plan view.
  • the system 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 serves for fastening a rail to a solid base U, which in the present example is formed by a concrete sleeper 3, which is shown only partially here for reasons of clarity. For the same reason, of the rail to be fastened in FIGS. 3 and 4, only the edge region of the rail foot 2 facing the system 1 is shown.
  • the system 1 comprises a Winkelelbowungsplatte 4, an elastic layer 5, provided as a spring element for the generation of the required holding force, W-shaped clamping clamp 6 and serving as a clamping means clamping screw 7 for clamping the tension clamp. 6
  • the elastic layer 5 consists of a high-resilience, highly flexible polyurethane foam, whose elasticity is such that it automatically relaxes automatically even after a prolonged full compression discharge automatically and expands again to the initial thickness of the elastic layer 5.
  • a recess 8 is formed, which extends over the width of the concrete sleeper 3 and which is limited at their longitudinal ends seen in the longitudinal direction each by a spit shoulder 9.
  • the bottom of the recess 8 forms a support surface 10, on which the elastic layer 5 is located. In the region of the transition from the support surface 10 to the respective support shoulder 9, a groove 10a is formed in the support surface 10 in each case.
  • the adjacent to the groove 9 side end portion of the support surface 10 forms the area on which the Wmkelschreibungsplatte 4 is in mounting position. At a central location, a recess is formed in this end, in which a plastic dowel not shown here for the clamping screw 7 is seated.
  • the Winkelbesselsplatte 4 has on its upper side 11 on mold elements 12, which drive the tension clamp 6 and ensure a safe transfer of holding forces on the rail 2 of the rail to be held by the system 1.
  • a passage opening 13 is additionally formed in the angular guide plate 4. Through this opening 13, the clamping screw 7 is guided to tension the tension clamp 6 during assembly in a manner already known per se, to screw them into the seated in the threshold 3 Dubel.
  • the angular contact plate 4 has a contact surface 14 with which the angular contact plate 4 bears laterally against the rail foot 2.
  • a rib 15 is formed, which extends along the edge of the angle guide plate 4 assigned to the rail foot 2 and is aligned flush with the contact surface 14 with its side assigned to the rail foot 2.
  • the respective mold element 12 is formed, which leads the tension clamp 6 in its finished mounting position.
  • the two sections 17a, 17b of the rib 15 adjoining the middle section each have a narrow dome 18 rounded in cross-section, which merges into the contact surface 14 on the side of the rib 15 associated with the rail foot 2 in an inclined sliding surface 19.
  • the side portions 17 a, 17 b On its side facing away from the rail 2 side, the side portions 17 a, 17 b, however, shaped in the manner of a ramp 20 which extend obliquely from the top 11 of the Winkelbesselungsplatte 4 to the respective dome 18.
  • the ramp 20 is in each case over the respective section 17a, 17b extending trough-like receptacle 21a, 21b formed.
  • Their shape is adapted to the outer diameter of the free end portions 22 of the spring arms 23 of the tension clamp 6 so that the end portions 22 can form-fitting in the respective receptacle 21a, 21b and the respective receptacle 21a, 21b they each only about 30 ° touched their scope.
  • the receptacles 21a, 21b each go gently rounded in the surrounding sections 24,25 of the ramp 20 over. In this way, a jump-free transition of the receptacles 21a, 21b is created in particular to the section 24, which leads from the receptacle 21a, 21b to the top 18 of the rib 15, in which he then passes without jerks.
  • the tension clamp 6 associated top of the ramp 15 accordingly has a total jump-free course.
  • the surface portion 29 on which the respective end portion 22 of the spring arms 23rd the tensioning clamp 6 moves in the region of the receptacles 21a, 21b is covered with a wear-resistant material 31.
  • a wear-resistant material 31 in the region of the surface portion 30 on which the W-shaped tension clamp 6 slips into the groove 28 during assembly with its reversing bow present between its middle loop and its spring arms 23, it can be applied with wear-resistant material 32.
  • the wear-resistant material 31,32 can be connected by injection or other suitable application process cohesively with the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 4, so that it holds sufficiently firmly at the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 4 even under the prevailing hard conditions in practice.
  • the angular guide plate 4 is placed on the support surface 10 of the concrete sleeper 3 in such a manner that is known per se on the underside of the angular guide plate 4 trained protrusion 4a positively engages in the groove 10a of the concrete sleeper 3 and the Winkelelschreibungsplatte is truncated with its the bearing surface 14 opposite side of the nozzle shoulder 9 of the concrete sleeper 3.
  • the Winkelbeschreibungsplatte 4 is now aligned so that the passage opening 13 of the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 4 is aligned with the seated in the threshold 3, not visible here dowel.
  • the W-shaped clamping clamp 6 is placed on the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 4 that their spring arms 23 is located with their free end portions 22 in each case one of the molded into the ramp 20 of the rib 15 shots 21 a, 21 b.
  • the tension clamp 6 is tensioned until the tension clamp 6 is braced so far that it is held in the pre-assembly position.
  • the tension clamp 6 is unchanged with the aid of a not shown here, automatic mounting device tightened clamping screw 7 is pushed in a rectilinear movement L in the direction of the rail foot 2.
  • the resilient spring arms 23 of the tension clamp 6 slide under slight additional tension with their respective end portion 22 with little resistance from the respective receptacle 21a, 21b on the adjacent portion 24 of the ramp 20 until they have reached the rounded tip 18 of the rib 15.
  • the angular guide plate 50 has a contact surface 50a corresponding to the contact surface 14 of the angular contact plate 4, not shown, and corresponding to the contact surface 51a, corresponding to the rib 15 of the angular contact plate 4 Ridge 51 with a ramp 20 of the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 4 corresponding ramp 52 and a molded into the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 50, the passage opening 13 of
  • Winkelelschreibungsplatte 4 corresponding fürgangso réelle 53 and a middle, table-like, the portion 16 of the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 4 corresponding portion 54, on which a mold element is formed, which leads to be mounted on the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 50 tension clamp 60 in its finished mounting position.
  • the ramp 52 of the rib 51 has two plane ramp surfaces 52a '52a ", one of which is disposed between one of the narrow sides 50b', 50b" and the central portion 54 of the angle guide plate 50.
  • the ramp surfaces 52a ', 52a extendend as seen in side view from the foot of the ramp 52 obliquely in the direction of the tip 51a of the rib 51st
  • Angle guide plate 50 each side of the middle portion 54 and immediately adjacent thereto in the direction of one of the narrow sides of the Winkelelschreibungsplatte 50 offset each a stool-like upwardly projecting elevation 56 a, 56 b formed.
  • the elevations 56a, 56b have, on their side assigned to the ramp 52, in each case a stop face 57 running substantially parallel to the contact surface 51, which at its lower end, associated with the foot of the ramp 52, jump-free in the manner of a throat m the associated ramp surface 52a '.
  • the stop surfaces 57 viewed in side view together with the respective associated ramp surface 52a ', 52 "each define an angle which is smaller than 90 °.
  • the transition 59 between the recesses 58a, 58b and the each subsequent to the recess 58 in the direction of the rail to be mounted portion 52b of the flat ramp surfaces 52a ', 52a "of the Wmkelschreibungsplatte 50 is formed without a jump.
  • the end portions 61 of the tensioning clamp 6 are seated in the respectively associated recess 58a, 58b.
  • a slight compressive force is exerted on the loop of the tension clamp 60 by means of a screw, not shown here, so that the tension clamp 60 can no longer move automatically from the preassembly position.
  • the Abstutzung the free end portions 61 of the clamp 60 at the elevations 56a, 56b ensures that the clamp 60 is not twisted during the clamping, but is securely held in its pre-assembly.
  • the end portions 61 of the tension clamp 60 can then slide freely on the respective flat and jump-free ramp surface 52a ', 52a "until they are seated on the rail base (not shown) for the angle guide plate 4.
  • the height H of the rib 51 can be so dimensioned that even thicker rail feet or due to corresponding documents tall standing rail feet are always reliably achieved.
  • angle guide plate 50a contact surface of angle guide plate 50 50b ', 50b "narrow sides of angle guide plate 50

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)
  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque de guidage angulaire (4, 50) pouvant être montée sur un système de fixation d'un rail, présentant une cavité (21a, 21b; 58a, 58b) conçue en tant que siège pour une partie terminale libre (22; 61) d'un bras ressort (23; 62) d'une mâchoire de serrage (6, 60) à monter sur la plaque de guidage angulaire (4, 50). La cavité (21a, 21b; 58a, 58b) entoure la partie terminale (22, 61) sur moins de la moitié de sa périphérie, et la transition entre la cavité (21a, 21b; 58a, 58b) et la partie (24, 25; 52b) de la plaque de guidage angulaire (4, 50), se joignant à la cavité (21a, 21b; 58a, 58b) en direction du rail à monter, est conçue de façon continue de telle manière que la mâchoire de serrage (6; 60) peut être poussée aisément sur la plaque de guidage angulaire (4, 50), dans sa position de montage.
EP09779888.8A 2008-07-09 2009-06-23 Plaque de guidage angulaire et système de fixation d'un rail Active EP2318587B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09779888T PL2318587T3 (pl) 2008-07-09 2009-06-23 Kątowa płyta prowadząca i system mocowania szyny

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008032353A DE102008032353B3 (de) 2008-07-09 2008-07-09 Winkelführungsplatte und System zum Befestigen einer Schiene
PCT/EP2009/057804 WO2010003817A1 (fr) 2008-07-09 2009-06-23 Plaque de guidage angulaire et système de fixation d'un rail

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2318587A1 true EP2318587A1 (fr) 2011-05-11
EP2318587B1 EP2318587B1 (fr) 2015-08-19

Family

ID=40577431

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09779888.8A Active EP2318587B1 (fr) 2008-07-09 2009-06-23 Plaque de guidage angulaire et système de fixation d'un rail

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (1) US8668152B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2318587B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5607619B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102089478B (fr)
AR (1) AR072862A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2009268236B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2727108C (fr)
CL (1) CL2011000005A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE202008012236U1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2318587T3 (fr)
EA (1) EA027248B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2547078T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL209765A (fr)
MA (1) MA32541B1 (fr)
MY (1) MY169780A (fr)
PL (1) PL2318587T3 (fr)
SA (1) SA109300451B1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI448605B (fr)
UA (1) UA103484C2 (fr)
UY (1) UY31967A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010003817A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2809062A1 (fr) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Vossloh-Werke Gmbh Plaque support d'un systeme de fixation de rail, systeme de fixation d'un rail et procede d'assainissement d'un point de fixation de rail
DE102010060745A1 (de) 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Vossloh-Werke Gmbh Führungsplatte zum seitlichen Führen einer Schiene und System zum Befestigen einer Schiene
GB2510419B (en) * 2013-02-04 2020-02-05 Pandrol Ltd A railway rail anchoring device
USD731678S1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-06-09 Lite Guard Safety Solutions Pty Ltd. Lifting lug
KR101530966B1 (ko) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-25 한국철도기술연구원 레일과의 접촉부를 강화한 가이드플레이트를 구비하는 레일 체결장치
CN105544317B (zh) * 2015-12-18 2017-04-05 天津市东达伟业机车车辆有限公司 一种全肩式尼龙挡板座
US11745996B1 (en) 2022-11-17 2023-09-05 Sharkninja Operating Llc Ingredient containers for use with beverage dispensers
US11738988B1 (en) 2022-11-17 2023-08-29 Sharkninja Operating Llc Ingredient container valve control
US11871867B1 (en) 2023-03-22 2024-01-16 Sharkninja Operating Llc Additive container with bottom cover
US11925287B1 (en) 2023-03-22 2024-03-12 Sharkninja Operating Llc Additive container with inlet tube

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DE3720381A1 (de) * 1987-06-19 1989-01-05 Vossloh Werke Gmbh Vorrichtung zur befestigung von eisenbahnschienen auf fester fahrbahn
JPH0757924B2 (ja) * 1988-08-16 1995-06-21 フォスロー − ベルケ・ゲーエムベーハー 鉄道用レール固定装置
DE8906790U1 (fr) * 1989-06-02 1989-08-31 Vossloh-Werke Gmbh, 5980 Werdohl, De
DE4019770A1 (de) * 1990-06-21 1992-01-09 Wayss & Freytag Ag Viskoser fuellstoff fuer einen duebel
JP2517049Y2 (ja) * 1991-04-12 1996-11-13 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 線ばねレール締結装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110138734A1 (en) 2011-06-16
JP5607619B2 (ja) 2014-10-15
SA109300451B1 (ar) 2014-10-16
TWI448605B (zh) 2014-08-11
EA201001830A1 (ru) 2011-10-31
CN102089478B (zh) 2014-02-19
DE102008032353B3 (de) 2009-10-15
DE202008012236U1 (de) 2009-04-23
ES2547078T3 (es) 2015-10-01
PL2318587T3 (pl) 2015-11-30
EA027248B1 (ru) 2017-07-31
AU2009268236B2 (en) 2016-06-09
AR072862A1 (es) 2010-09-29
DK2318587T3 (en) 2015-10-19
AU2009268236A1 (en) 2010-01-14
TW201009166A (en) 2010-03-01
WO2010003817A1 (fr) 2010-01-14
UY31967A (es) 2010-01-29
US8668152B2 (en) 2014-03-11
CL2011000005A1 (es) 2011-07-15
JP2011527391A (ja) 2011-10-27
MY169780A (en) 2019-05-15
UA103484C2 (ru) 2013-10-25
IL209765A0 (en) 2011-02-28
CA2727108C (fr) 2016-10-11
IL209765A (en) 2014-08-31
CN102089478A (zh) 2011-06-08
CA2727108A1 (fr) 2010-01-14
EP2318587B1 (fr) 2015-08-19
MA32541B1 (fr) 2011-08-01

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