EP2304368B1 - Wärmetauscher und gehäuse für den wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher und gehäuse für den wärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2304368B1
EP2304368B1 EP09769213A EP09769213A EP2304368B1 EP 2304368 B1 EP2304368 B1 EP 2304368B1 EP 09769213 A EP09769213 A EP 09769213A EP 09769213 A EP09769213 A EP 09769213A EP 2304368 B1 EP2304368 B1 EP 2304368B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exchanger
walls
tubes
wall
collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09769213A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2304368A1 (de
Inventor
Paul Garret
Yoann Naudin
Philippe Faille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Publication of EP2304368A1 publication Critical patent/EP2304368A1/de
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Publication of EP2304368B1 publication Critical patent/EP2304368B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F28F9/0226—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers with resilient gaskets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, according to the preamble of the revindication 1.
  • a heat exchanger is known from the document US 2003/0010479 A1 .
  • a heat exchanger for example used in the automotive industry and more specifically in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprises heat exchange elements and fluid flow in which heat exchanging fluids circulate. between them.
  • the heat exchange elements may for example comprise tubes, plates, fins, flow disruptors, etc.
  • Exchangers are known comprising a bundle of tubes arranged parallel to each other on one or more rows parallel to each other, these tubes being arranged to carry a first fluid, while a second fluid flows between the tubes and exchange of the heat with the first fluid.
  • Many fluid associations can be envisaged, be they liquids and / or gases.
  • an exchanger comprising a housing for receiving the exchange elements.
  • the casing comprises a plurality of walls forming the volume in which the exchange elements are received. It is generally open at both ends for connection to fluid distribution housings: an input distribution box and an output distribution box.
  • the first fluid flows in the exchange elements from the input distribution box to the output distribution box.
  • two orifices are generally provided on the walls of the casing; these orifices are arranged to be connected to flow conduits of the second fluid, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. These pipes open into the volume of the housing and allow the circulation of the second fluid around the exchange and flow elements of the first fluid.
  • a casing having a first U-shaped section part, which surrounds the exchange elements and a second part, in the form of a flat wall, which closes the casing on the open side of the U whose section of the first piece has the shape.
  • the orifices are generally pierced on one or more walls of the U-shaped part.
  • the invention aims to provide an exchanger whose housing is simple to manufacture and easy to store.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising exchange elements and a casing, for receiving the exchange elements, formed by a plurality of interconnected walls, characterized in that the casing comprises two walls. conformed in L.
  • the housing is formed from two L-shaped walls, which can be formed with the same tooling; in addition, two L-shaped walls can be nested: the storage of the walls intended to form crankcases is thus facilitated. Moreover, it is simpler to place the exchange elements in two L-shaped walls than to slide them in a U-shaped wall.
  • the two walls are of the same external shape.
  • each wall has two flaps perpendicular to each other, a flap of each wall having a raised edge of attachment to a flap of the other wall.
  • each wall having two flaps one of the flaps comprises a recess arranged to come into contact with flow tubes of a first fluid assembled in parallel and thus form flow channels of a second fluid between said tubes.
  • the flap comprising the recess also comprising at least one connection orifice to a flow circuit of the second fluid, said orifice is provided on a portion of the separate flap of the recess to allow a better distribution of the second fluid in its flow channels.
  • each wall comprises at least one sealing portion arranged to fill a clearance at its attachment area with the other wall. It is more particularly a clearance between these walls and a header plate for holding the exchange elements in position.
  • the walls are brazed to one another and, preferably, the exchange elements are soldered to the walls.
  • the walls comprise means for holding the exchange elements during brazing.
  • the exchange elements forming fluid flow means and opening into a fluid collection box through the orifices of a collection plate for holding the exchange elements, the orifices are provided with means for stiffening.
  • the header plate has a good mechanical strength and the dimensions of the orifices are guaranteed.
  • an orifice is an opening bordered by a wall. It should be understood that it is the header plate which comprises stiffening means, the orifices are provided; it is therefore in fact stiffening means of the walls forming (or bordering) the orifices.
  • the exchange elements comprise tubes.
  • the tubes are abutted against the collector plate, to the right of the orifices.
  • the stiffening means comprise at least one strap, extending in an orifice, also forming a stop for a tube associated with the orifice.
  • each orifice comprises at least one rigidification and abutment strap of a tube associated with the orifice.
  • said stiffening and stop strap forms an integral part of the header plate and, in particular, it is integral with the header plate.
  • the stiffening means comprise at least one collar flanking an orifice.
  • each orifice is bordered by at least one collar, also fulfilling a contention function of an end of a tube associated with the orifice.
  • the end of the tube is soldered to the neck.
  • the collector being formed from a plate, preferably a metal plate
  • the collar is formed by folding the plate.
  • At least one stiffening and stop strap of a tube extends between opposite collars on either side of the orifice.
  • the orifices have a first dimension greater than 50 mm and are separated from each other, in a second dimension substantially perpendicular to the first dimension, by a distance less than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the exchange elements forming fluid flow means and being held by a collector plate and opening into a fluid collection box, the fluid collection box is held directly by the housing.
  • the header plate comprises means for holding the box.
  • the external dimensions (volume "overall") of the exchanger is limited to the external dimensions of the housing; the compactness of the exchanger is thus improved.
  • the header plate is also maintained by the housing.
  • the collection box and the housing are welded or brazed.
  • the box comprises an end portion of shape complementary to the shape of an end of the housing to which it is welded or soldered, to ensure continuity of the outer surface of the exchanger.
  • the collection box and the housing are crimped.
  • the housing comprises at least one crimping tab of the collection box, arranged to cooperate with a surface of the collection box for its maintenance.
  • the manifold plate being also maintained by the housing, the casing comprises at least one stop and the collection box and the collector plate are held between the crimping tab and the stop.
  • the exchanger comprises sealing means between the fluid collection box and the header plate, for example a seal or brazing between the collection box and the header plate.
  • the casing comprises at least one crimping tab.
  • the housing comprises a stop arranged to hold the collection box and the collector plate between the crimping tab and the stop.
  • the invention applies to any heat exchanger. It is particularly applicable to a heat exchanger for cooling a gas with water, and more particularly to a so-called "recirculated" exhaust gas cooler of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle or to a charge air cooler of such an engine.
  • a heat exchanger 1 according to a first embodiment comprises elements 2, 2 ', 3, 3' of heat exchange, a housing 4 for receiving these elements 2, 2 ', 3, 3', a housing 5 of air inlet distribution and a housing (not shown) of air outlet distribution.
  • the housing 4 has orifices 6, 7 for connection to water flow lines 8, 9, in this case an inlet pipe 9 and an outlet pipe 8, connected to a water circuit in which the exchanger 1 is mounted.
  • the various elements of the exchanger 1 are brazed to each other; such exchangers with their brazed elements are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the exchanger 1 described is an exchanger called “air-water”, that is to say an exchanger in which the fluids that exchange heat are air and water.
  • This is for example a water cooler exhaust gas called “recirculated” an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle or a charge air cooler of such an engine; the water is preferably water from the so-called “low temperature” cooling circuit of said engine; it is typically brine.
  • the exchanger 1 is generally of parallelepiped shape.
  • L of the length of the exchanger 1 which is its largest dimension, and in the direction in which the fluids flow, the direction 1 of the width of the exchanger 1 and the direction h of its height (or thickness).
  • L, 1 or h respectively denote respectively the length, the width and the height of the exchanger 1 or the direction of the length, the direction of the width and the direction of the height of the exchanger 1.
  • the notions of external (or external) and internal (or interior) that could be used in the description refer to relative positions of elements with respect to the outside or inside of the exchanger 1.
  • the exchange elements comprise airflow tubes 2, in which fins 2 'are mounted for disturbing this air flow.
  • the tubes 2 define therebetween channels 3 for the flow of water, in which disturbers 3 'of this water flow are mounted.
  • the airflow tubes 2 are of flattened shape; their large dimension (which is the overall direction of the flow of air within them) is parallel to the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1 and their section transversely to this length L is rectangular in shape; the rectangle whose section of each tube 2 has the shape has a dimension parallel to the width 1 of the exchanger 1 and a dimension parallel to the height h of the exchanger 1.
  • Each tube 2 has a length substantially equal to the length L of the exchanger 1 and a width substantially equal to the width 1 of the exchanger 1; its dimension parallel to the height h of the exchanger 1 is less than the height of the exchanger 1, since the tubes 2 are stacked in this dimension; this dimension is in this case relatively small, which gives the tubes 2 their flattened shape; it's actually their thickness.
  • the thickness of the tubes 2 may be equal to about 7 or 8 mm for each tube 2, the width 1 of the tubes 2 being equal to about 100 mm.
  • the inter-tube spaces (that is to say the water flow channels 3) may for example be of dimension (parallel to the height h of the exchanger 1) less than 3 mm, for example substantially equal to 2mm.
  • the fins 2 ' are mounted in the interior volume of the tubes 2.
  • the function of these fins 2' is to disturb the flow of air in the tubes 2 to facilitate the heat exchange between air and water at 2.
  • the fins 2 ' are well known to those skilled in the art and it is not necessary to describe them in detail; they are here of corrugated shape and their section has, in end view along the axis of the length L of the exchanger 1, a serpentine shape between the walls of each tube 2.
  • the tubes 2 are assembled parallel to each other, the set of tubes 2 forming a stack in the direction of the height h of the exchanger 1 (it is also referred to as tube bundle); the dimension of the beam 1 parallel to the height h of the exchanger 1 is substantially equal to the height h of the exchanger 1.
  • the tubes 2 are assembled to each other, parallel to each other, and allow the circulation of air within them, generally in the direction of the length L of the exchanger.
  • the exchanger 1 described here comprises a bundle of six tubes 2; of course, it could have a lower or higher number; it is noted here that, in certain cases, the height h of the exchanger 1 may be greater than its width 1, if the number of tubes 2 is sufficiently large.
  • the tubes 2 form between them channels 3 of water flow, in which are fixed, here by brazing, disrupters 3 'of the flow of water between the tubes 2.
  • a disruptor portion 3' is shown on the figure 4 .
  • the disrupters 3 ' are in the form of plates which extend substantially over the entire lateral surface of the tubes 2 (the lateral surface refers to the surface of the tubes 2 defined by the dimensions parallel to the length L and the width 1 of the exchanger 1), except near the ends (in the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1) of the tubes 2, as will be seen later.
  • each disrupter 3 fills, in the direction parallel to the height h of the exchanger 1, the entire space of the water circulation channel 3 in which it is mounted, since it is brazed on each side to surfaces of the tubes 2 defining said channel 3. It is noted here that disrupters 3 'are mounted between all the tubes 2 but also between the end tubes 2 and the walls of the casing 4, as seen in FIG. figure 6 .
  • the disrupters 3 ' have a shape creating turbulence in the flow of water passing through them.
  • the disrupter 3 ' is in the form of a corrugated wall, these corrugations being made at right angles and in both dimensions (L, 1) of the plate forming the disrupter 3'.
  • the disturbers 3 ' have, both in the direction parallel to the width 1 of the exchanger 1 and in the direction parallel to the length L of the exchanger 1, crenellated wall elements, the rows of elements being offset from each other.
  • Recesses are also provided periodically in the wall elements; the patterns defining the shape of the disrupter 3 'are periodic.
  • the exchanger 1 comprises, at each of its ends (in the dimension of its length L), an air distribution box. On the left side (in the figures), it is an air inlet distribution box 5 and, on the right side, it is a housing (not shown) for dispensing air. air outlet.
  • the ends of the air circulation tubes 2 are connected to the air distribution casings 5, the internal volume of the tubes 2 thus being in fluid communication with the internal volume of the distribution casings 5; in other words, the tubes 2 open into the housings 5.
  • the distribution boxes 5 are connected to pipes of an air circuit in which is mounted the exchanger 1. The air is introduced into the tubes 2 by the intermediate of the input distribution box 5 and is collected at the output of the tubes 2 by the output distribution box.
  • the structure of the input distribution box 5 will be described. The position and shape of its elements are described, for the sake of simplification of the presentation, in the mounted position of the housing 5 on the exchanger 1.
  • the output distribution box (not shown) is here similar to the input box 5 and mounted symmetrically; of course, according to another embodiment, they may be different.
  • the input distribution box 5 comprises a header plate 10, whose function is to hold the tubes 2 in position, to guide the flow of air between the internal volume of the distribution box 5 and the tubes 2 and to block the flow of water to the interior volume of the housing 5, while preventing the flow of air and water from confluing;
  • the collector plate 10 is generally called by the skilled person by the term collector 10. It is noted that the collector 10 of the output distribution box is here identical to the collector 10 of the input distribution box and designated, on the Figures, by the same reference number 10.
  • the housing 5 further comprises an air collection box 11, or cover 11, or manifold 11, forming with the collector 10 the volume of the housing 5. More specifically, with reference to the figure 10 , the volume of the housing 5 is here formed by the manifold 11, the collector 10 and a housing portion 4.
  • the collector 10 is fixed to the casing 4 at a distance d from the end of the manifold 11 itself fixed to the casing 4, as will be seen later; as a result, the volume of the housing 5 is formed in part by the housing portion 4 separating the collector 10 from the manifold 11.
  • the collector 10 is in the form of a plate mounted transversely to the length L of the exchanger 1 to receive the ends of the tubes 2.
  • the collector 10 is pierced with a plurality orifice 12, each orifice 12 being associated with a tube 2.
  • Each orifice 12 has a shape corresponding to the section of a tube 2.
  • Each orifice 12 is bordered by walls 13 or collars 13 or flanges 13 for stiffening the collector 10.
  • Such collars 13 make it possible to guarantee that the dimensions of the orifices 12 are constant and defined; indeed, the collars 13 form stiffened walls defining (bordering) the orifices 12, that is to say that they form stiffening means of these orifices 12.
  • the collars 13 also fulfill a restraining function of the end of the tubes 2 associated with them. These collars 13 extend generally perpendicularly to the overall plane of the plate forming the collector 10, therefore parallel to the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1, the projecting end 27 of these collars 13 being directed inwards. exchanger 1; in other words, the collars 13 of stiffening and contention of the tubes 2 extend from the collector 10, around the tubes 2, which they enclose the ends. On the figure 5 , the collector 10 is seen from behind and its collars 13 extend forward.
  • the function of the collars 13 is to maintain the tubes 2 in position: for this purpose, the ends of the tubes 2 are slid into these collars 13, forming a slide to grip them; each collar 13 forms a contact surface with the surface of the end of the tube 2 associated therewith, allowing them to be soldered to one another.
  • the tubes 2, thus soldered to the flanges 13 bordering the orifices 12 of the collector 10, are fixed in position.
  • Each orifice 12 of the collector 10 is also provided with a tongue 14 or strap 14 or link 14 for stiffening.
  • the straps 14 extend at the base of the collars 13 of stiffening and contention of the tubes 2, that is to say the side opposite their end 27 projecting; Thus, the straps 14 extend from the outer side of the exchanger 1.
  • the straps 14 are formed in the orifices 12 of the collector 10 about a quarter of its dimension parallel to the width 1 of the exchanger 1, alternately, an orifice 12 to the other, on one side and the other side of the collector 10 on this dimension. Thanks to the alternation of the straps 14 on either side of the collector 10, the stiffening function they fill is distributed and homogeneous on the collector 10.
  • a stiffening function of the straps 14 is to ensure the spacing of the flanges 13 bordering the orifices 12 to ensure the dimensions of the orifices 12, that is to say to ensure that all the orifices 12 have the same dimension, in a constant manner, in the direction parallel to the height h of the exchanger 1, and this despite the great slenderness of the collars 13.
  • slenderness means the ratio of the large dimension of the collars 13 (its dimension parallel to the width 1 of the exchanger 1) with one of the small dimensions of the collars 13 (its dimension parallel to the thickness h of the exchanger 1, or its dimension parallel to the length L of the exchanger 1).
  • the collars 13 and shoulder straps 14 complement each other to fulfill a function of stiffening the collector 10 and thus guarantee the dimensions of its orifices 12 and their stability.
  • These elements 13, 14 are combined especially as the straps 14 are integral with the collars 13, since they are integral with them and extend from their base.
  • Another function of the straps 14 is to form a stop for the ends of the tubes 2 slid between the collars 13 (it is therefore an axial stop on the axis of the length L of the exchanger 1).
  • the tubes 2 are abutted against the collector 10 to the right of the orifices 12, which means that they do not pass through the orifices 12 but are stopped at (right) of the orifices 12 by the shoulder straps 14.
  • It is seen on the figure 6 a sectional view of the ends of the tubes 2 slid in the collars 13, abutting on the shoulder straps 14 and brazed to the collars 13; this cut is made in the plane VI-VI of the figure 2 which is a plane intersecting an area of the collector 10 at shoulder straps 14.
  • each tube 2 is perfectly positioned to the right of the orifice 12 with which it is associated. Since the dimensions of the orifices 12 are fixed stably by the shoulder straps 14, there are no significant fluctuations along the periphery of the end of a tube 2 in the spacing between the outer surface of the tube. this end and the inner surface of the collars 13 which surround it; said surfaces (flanges 13 and ends of the tubes 2) can thus be brazed to each other with quality brazing, since it is regular. In addition, it is possible to also braze the tubes 2, by their end, on the straps 14; the latter thus increase the available soldering surface and therefore the mechanical strength of the exchanger 1.
  • each orifice 12 may comprise a plurality of stiffening straps 14.
  • other stiffening means also fulfilling an abutment function for the tubes 2, may be provided.
  • stiffening means and here the straps 14, form well means for stiffening an orifice 12 and not means for separating two orifices; each orifice 12, with its stiffening means 14, is associated with a single tube 2; it is therefore not necessary to confuse stiffening means (shoulder straps 14) and means for separating two orifices 12.
  • the collector 10 comprises a plurality of orifices aligned in its direction parallel to the width of the exchanger 1, such orifices would be separated by means distinct straps 14; in particular, and preferably, a portion of neck of stiffening and contention of the tubes would extend between the successive orifices in this direction 1.
  • the collector 10 is contained in the housing 4; in other words, the casing 4 is a housing 4 for receiving the exchange elements 2, 2 ', 3, 3' and collectors 10.
  • the tubes 2 are abutted on the collector 10 to the right of the orifices 12, with their end walls brazed to the collars 13; the ends of the tubes 2 are thus separated from each other by these collars 13; the separation spaces between the successive tubes 2 define the flow channels 3 of the water flow, in which the disrupters 3 'are mounted.
  • these collars 13 prevent the water from flowing in the volume of the manifold 11; in addition, these collars 13 also prevent water from flowing into the tubes 2.
  • FIG. 16 shows representations in section of the collector 10, in a plane transverse to what is the width 1 of the exchanger 1 when the collector 10 is mounted therein. In other words, it is a section in a plane intersecting the orifices 12 of the collector 10 transversely to their large size.
  • the collector 10 is formed from a flat metal plate. This plate is stamped to form the collars 13 and punched to form the orifices 12 bordered by the collars 13.
  • the collars 13 are therefore in the form of parallel double walls to the large dimension 1 of the collector 10, these double walls being connected by Their free end 27.
  • the straps 14 are formed during the non-punching punching operation of the zones corresponding to the straps 14. The straps 14 thus form an integral part of the collector 10 and, more precisely, are integral with this collector 10 and in particular his collars 13.
  • the peripheral edge of the collector 10 is raised to form the peripheral groove 23 of the collector 10 (this groove 23 is thus formed between the peripheral edge and the outer walls of the collars 13).
  • the groove 23 is not used as such, but the raising of the outer edge of the collector 10 makes it possible to present a surface 10 'perpendicular to the plane of the collector 10 and capable of being brazed to the inner surfaces of the casing 4.
  • the peripheral groove 23 makes it possible to receive the seal 21.
  • folded collars 13 may be the only means of stiffening, without the need to provide straps 14.
  • the shoulder strap 14 extends between flanges 13 opposite on either side of the orifice 12, now and thus ensuring the spacing between these flanges 13.
  • the straps 14 forming an integral part of the collector 10, and more particularly being monoblock with it, the rigidity of the whole is all the better assured.
  • the stiffening means folded collars 13 and / or straps 14
  • the plate making it possible to form the collector 10 having a thickness of approximately 1 mm it is possible to form a collector 10 with orifices 12 of 100 mm by 7 or 8 mm approximately, with a inter-tube space of 2 to 3 mm.
  • the collars 13 may have a bulk (dimension parallel to the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1) substantially equal to 4mm; thus, by subtracting the thickness of the straps 14 (1mm), the collars 13 have a useful surface of contention of the end of the tubes 2 and brazing with them of about 3mm.
  • the exchange elements namely the tubes 2 with their fins 2 'and the channels 3 with their disrupters 3', are contained in a housing 4 receiving.
  • the casing 4 comprises a first wall 15 and a second wall, these walls 15, 16 being L-shaped; in other words, each wall 15, 16 has a cross section (with respect to the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1) L-shaped.
  • Each wall 15, 16 is L-shaped by folding around a ridge 15 ', 16', to form two flaps (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b) perpendicular to each other.
  • each wall 15, 16 here comprises a large flap 15a, 16a and a small flap 15b, 16b.
  • the large flap 15a, 16a is in the form of a rectangular plate of dimensions substantially equal to the length L of the exchanger 1 and its width 1
  • the small flap 15b, 16b is in the form of a plate rectangular dimension substantially equal to the length L of the exchanger 1 and its height h.
  • the concepts of large and small are introduced here to allow a separate designation of each component
  • the inlet ducts 9 and water outlet 8 in the exchanger 1 are here connected to the same face of the exchanger 1.
  • the orifices 6, 7 for connection to these ducts 8, 9 are drilled on a same flap of only one of the two walls 15, 16, in this case on the small flap 15b of the first wall 15.
  • the two walls 15, 16 are identical with the exception of the orifices 6, 7 drilled in the small flap 15b of the first wall 15; in particular, their outer forms are therefore identical. Therefore, their manufacture is simplified because it can be unified, while their storage is facilitated, since the outer shape of the walls 15, 16 makes them nestable with each other. Thus, it is possible that a single tool manufactures all the L-shaped walls, only half of which are subsequently pierced with orifices. The walls can then be stored easily and optimally (in terms of their size), since they are simply nested and stacked on each other.
  • each wall 15, 16 comprises, at the free end of its small flap 15b, 16b, a raised edge 15c, 16c, which is an edge 15c, 16c of attachment to the large flap 16a, 15a of the other wall 16, 15.
  • This raised edge 15c, 16c extends perpendicularly to the small flap 15b, 16b, from a folding edge 15d, 16d through which it is connected thereto; this folding edge 15d, 16d is parallel to the edge 15 ', 16' of folding between the large and the small flap (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b).
  • the term "outward" means that the raised edges 15c, 16c are not here in contact with the tubes 2. In the embodiment illustrated here, only the folding edge or edges is in contact with the exchange elements. In other words, here, the raised edge 15c or 16c extends outside the volume defined by the exchange elements 2, 2 ', 3, 3' and / or the collector 10.
  • the walls 15, 16 shaped L are placed in position around the elements 2, 2 ', 3, 3' of heat exchange and collectors 10 in reversed positions, in other words, head to tail; in this position, the raised edge 15c, 16c of the small flap 15b, 16b of each wall 15, 16 bears on the free end of the large flap 16a, 15a of the other wall 16, 15.
  • the various elements of the walls 15, 16 are configured so that the free end - parallel to the folding edge 15d, 16d - of each raised edge 15c, 16c extends to the right of the free end of the large flap 16a, 15a against which it is in support.
  • the walls 15, 16 of the casing 4 are brazed together, by brazing the surfaces of their flaps (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b) in contact with each other (raised edges 15c, 16c against ends of the large flaps 16a, 15a).
  • the flaps (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b) of the L-shaped walls 15, 16 form the four lateral faces of the exchanger 1 (referred to as lateral faces with respect to the direction of its length L).
  • the collector 10 is fixed to the casing 4 by brazing. More specifically, the outer surface 10 'extending along its periphery is brazed to the inner surface of the flaps (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b) of the walls 15, 16.
  • the L-shaped walls 15, 16 facilitates the installation of the housing 4 around the exchange elements 2, 2 ', 3, 3'. Indeed, it is complicated to house a tube bundle in a U-shaped wall whose dimensions are adjusted to the outer shape of the bundle; in particular, it is necessary to hold the beam so that it remains in position, while it must slide this beam between the walls forming the branches of the U whose wall has the shape, which is difficult because it is desirable that the game do not be too important to each other. On the other hand, it is very simple to position a first wall 15, 16 in contact with two of the faces of the bundle of tubes 2, then to come to position the second wall 16, 15 and finally to braze them.
  • the flaps 15a, 16a of the walls 15, 16 parallel to the side faces of the tubes 2 do not project out of the volume of the exchanger 1; in other words, the large flaps 15a, 16a are planar and no element protrudes out of them in the direction perpendicular to them.
  • This characteristic results from the fact that, because of the L-shaped walls 15, 16, the attachment is along parallel surfaces to the planes of these large flaps 15a, 16a (the contact surfaces between the raised edges 15c, 16c small flaps 15b, 16b and the large flaps 15a, 16a).
  • the brazing assembly that is to say the device for carrying out this brazing, comprises tools, for example presses, which bear on the faces of the casing 4 parallel to the side faces of the tubes 2 (here the large flaps 15a, 16a), since the brazing surfaces of the tubes 2 to the disturbers 3 'are parallel to them and it is therefore appropriate to apply the forces perpendicular to these surfaces.
  • the large flaps 15a, 16a are planar, the contact of the tools on them is simplified because the tools can be brought into contact over the entire surface of the flaps 15a, 16a, without constraints of space.
  • the small flap 15a, 16a of each wall 15, 16 has a recess 15e, 16e or cuvette 15e, 16e in its central part.
  • This recess 15e, 16e is obtained by stamping the wall 15, 16.
  • This pressed 15th, 16th is arranged to come into contact with the slices of the tubes 2 to be brazed to them; more precisely, it is its internal surface which is brazed to the slices of the tubes 2.
  • slice of the tubes 2 it is understood that their wall extends in the plane defined by the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1 and the direction of the thickness h (the height h) of the exchanger 1.
  • this brazing is to prevent the flow of water outside the channels 3 of water flow formed between the tubes 2 and therefore to ensure that the water flows only along the surfaces of the side walls of the tubes 2, to allow them to exchange a maximum of heat with the air flowing in the tubes 2.
  • the brazing of the recesses 15e , 16e of the casing 4 forces water to flow between the tubes 2.
  • this brazing increases the overall mechanical strength of the exchanger 1.
  • the orifices 6, 7 for connection to the pipes 8, 9 of the water circuit are formed in these end portions (15f, 15f), (16f, 16f ') of the small flaps 15b, 16b of the walls 15, 16, c i.e. in distinct portions of the recesses 15e, 16e; thus, the water arrives in the exchanger 1 or out of a volume V in communication with all the channels 3 of water flow. Moreover, the presence of these volumes V allows, as we see on the figure 8 , to provide sufficient space for mounting the collectors 10 at each end of the exchanger 1. It is noted here incidentally that the figure 8 is a sectional view made inside a tube 2; there are elements parallel to each other: it is the walls of the fins 2 'of disturbance of the air flow.
  • the exchanger 1 is supplied with water through the orifice 7 connected to the water inlet pipe 9 and the water flows into the volume V formed near this orifice 7, which allows it to be distributed in all the channels 3 of water flow.
  • the water flows in these channels 3 and is prevented from flowing beyond the slices of the tubes 2, since the latter are brazed to the internal surfaces of the recesses 15e, 16e of the small flaps 15b, 16b of the walls 15, 16 ; in other words, the water is confined in the channels 3 formed between the tubes 2, which maximizes the heat exchange between the water and the air flowing in the tubes 2.
  • the water is collected at the outlet in the volume V formed near the orifice 6 connected to the water outlet pipe 8 and the water is discharged through this pipe 8.
  • the recesses 15e, 16e brazed to the slices of the tubes 2 participate in the formation of the channels 3 of water circulation.
  • the water also flows in volumes V formed by the ends 16f, 16f of the small flap 16b of the second wall 16; these volumes V can guarantee the good distribution of the water but are not necessary; they are especially spared because to save manufacturing costs and to facilitate their storage, it is preferable that the walls 15, 16 shaped L are of strictly identical outer shapes; thus, some elements may be superabundant but are retained to take advantage of the external shape identity of the walls 15, 16.
  • the end portions (15f, 15f '), (16f, 16f) of the walls 15, 16 are raised relative to the recess 15e, 16e corresponding, here over their entire surface.
  • the extent (in the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1) of these end portions (15f, 15f '), (16f, 16f) can vary.
  • their shape may vary; for example, the end portions may be conically shaped around the orifice 6, 7 for receiving a pipe 8, 9; in this case, preferably, the unslotted end portions 16f, 16f 'have the same shape, for reasons of external shape identity of the walls 15, 16 explained above.
  • the disturbers 3 'mounted in the water flow channels 3 do not extend, in the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1, to the end of the tubes 2 and therefore not until To the collectors 10.
  • a collection volume of water without disruptors 3 ' is provided.
  • each wall 15, 16 comprises, near each of the free corners of its large flap 15a, 16a, a sealing portion P (all the sealing portions of the exchanger 1 are designated by the same reference P).
  • Each sealing portion P is in the form of a portion protruding from the inner surface of the large flap 15a, 16a of the wall 15, 16, towards the tubes 2; this protruding portion P has the shape of a corner or a fin.
  • Such a projecting portion P may either be stamped on the wall 15, 16 after its manufacture or may be directly formed during the manufacture of the wall 15, 16.
  • the figure 9 allows a good understanding of the positioning and therefore the function of this sealing portion P. It is clearly seen that the sealing portion P comes into contact with the outer surface of the corner of the collector 10 and with the surface facing it of the folding edge 16d of the raised edge 16c of the small flap 16b of the second wall 16. The different parts are brazed at these contact areas, which makes the clearance J disappear at their level and prohibits any flow of water.
  • the sealing portions P are not very large in the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1 because it is sufficient that they are present near the collectors 10 to prevent water leakage.
  • the sealing portions P are arranged to fill a clearance J, at the attachment zone of the wall 15, 16 to which they belong with the other wall 16, 15, between these walls 15, 16 and the It is obvious that what is described in this paragraph applies to the four sealing portions P of the exchanger 1.
  • This wall 15 has only one orifice 6 for connection to a water pipe 8, in this case the water outlet pipe 8; this orifice 6 is, as previously, formed near one end of the small flap 15b of the wall 15.
  • the other water pipe (the inlet pipe 9) is in this case connected to a hole on the other L-shaped wall (not shown); it is preferably also arranged on its small flap and at its opposite end to that of the wall 15 shown in FIG. figure 17 .
  • the wall 15 of the figure 17 comprises two enlargements E, in the direction of the height h of the exchanger 1, formed near each end of its large flap 15a.
  • These enlargements E are here formed by stamping the wall 15. They are provided in the case where the dimensions of the collector 10 are larger, in the direction of the height h of the exchanger 1, the size of the small flaps 15b of the walls 15 in L; it is therefore enlargements E (or embossed E) housing the collector 10.
  • embossed E have an additional advantage: insofar as they house the collectors 10 in the direction of the height h of the exchanger 1, they form a stop in the dimension of the length L of the exchanger 1; thus, they form axial retention means (in this direction L) of the collectors 10 and therefore of all the exchange elements 2, 2 ', 3, 3' during brazing of all the elements of the exchanger 1 (if brazed).
  • the manifold 11 is held directly by the casing 4 of the exchanger 1. a manifold 11 is kept inside the casing 4. In other words, here, the casing 4 covers at least partly the manifold 11. More particularly, the casing 4 envelops the portion of the manifold 11 located close to (or in contact with) the collector 10.
  • the manifold 11 is metallic and the casing 4 and the box 11 are brazed to one another, as seen for example on the figure 3 ; the box 11 may for example be formed of aluminum.
  • the end edge of the box 11 intended to be brazed at casing 4 comprises a shoulder 17 which serves as a stop at the ends (in the lengthwise direction L) of the walls 15, 16 of the casing 4.
  • the shoulder 17 is arranged to have a bearing surface of complementary shape to the shape of the end of the walls 15, 16 to which the box 11 is brazed, so that there is continuity of the outer surface of the exchanger 1 between the walls 15, 16 of the housing 4 and the manifold 11.
  • the shoulder 17 preferably extends over the entire periphery of the edge of the manifold 11. The brazing between the housing 4 and the box 11 is thus easy to implement.
  • the box 11 is directly attached to the housing 4 reduces the size of the exchanger 1.
  • the collector 10 is thus contained within the volume of the housing 4 and does not protrude beyond it; in other words, the overall dimensions of the exchanger 1 are determined by the dimensions of the casing 4. This results in a good optimization of the fluid flow flowing in the exchanger 1 relative to its size. Indeed, whatever the configuration of the attachment of the manifold 11 to the exchanger 1 (directly to the housing or via the manifold as in the prior art), the maximum flow section of the fluids is always constrained by the dimensions of the casing 4, since the flow of all the fluids is inside the casing 4.
  • the congestion related to this connection can also be limited to the size of the housing 4; thus, the overall size of the exchanger 1 corresponds to the size of the casing 4, which is directly related to the flow section of the fluids; congestion is optimized, since it is minimal for a given fluid passage section.
  • the manifold 11 can thus be, not brazed, but welded to the walls 15, 16 of the housing 4; this is possible because, because of said distance d, the welding does not risk to cause the soldering of the tubes 2 to the collector 10.
  • collector 10 is also held by the casing 4, in this case by brazing along the outer walls 10 'of its peripheral edge.
  • a second embodiment of exchanger 1 is described with reference to Figures 11 to 15 .
  • This embodiment is very similar to the previous embodiment and that is why the references used for the elements of the exchanger of the Figures 11 to 15 structure or function identical, equivalent or similar to those of the elements of the exchanger of Figures 1 to 10 are the same, to simplify the description.
  • the whole of the description of the exchanger of Figures 1 to 10 is not repeated, this description applies to the interchange of Figures 11 to 15 when there are no incompatibilities. Only significant differences, structural and functional, will be described.
  • Exchanger 1 of Figures 11 to 15 has the following particularity: the manifold box 11 (of which only the end portion is visible) of the distribution box 5, held directly by the casing 4, is fixed to it, not by soldering or welding as previously described, but by crimping.
  • the ends (in the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1) of the walls 15, 16 comprise lugs 18 crimping the manifold 11.
  • the two flaps (15a, 15b) , (16a, 16b) of each wall 15, 16 comprise, at each of their ends, crimping tabs 18;
  • the end edges of each flap (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b) each comprise three crimping tabs 18 uniformly distributed over the considered edge;
  • the crimping tabs 18 of the large flaps 15a, 16a are larger than the crimping tabs 18 of the small flaps 15b, 16b.
  • the end edge of the manifold 11 which is intended to come into contact with the walls 15, 16 of the casing 4 comprises a flange 19 for supporting the crimping tabs 18; this flange 19 forms a groove for receiving the crimping lugs 18.
  • the crimping lugs 18 of the casing 4 are bent to be crimped into the receiving groove of the manifold 11 and thus hold it directly.
  • the lugs 18 of the casing 4 thus cooperate with a surface of the manifold 11 (the surface of the groove of the flange 19) for holding the box 11.
  • the collector 10 is also held by the casing 4.
  • the flaps (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b) of the walls 15, 16 of the casing 4 comprise stops 20, species formed by stamping flaps (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b). These abutments 20 project from the inner surface of the flaps (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b).
  • the outer edge of the manifold 10 is jammed, that is to say abutted on both sides (in the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1), between the rim 19 of the manifold 11 and the stops 20 of the walls 15, 16 of the housing 4.
  • the rim 19 of the manifold 11 and the collector 10 are held in position between the stops 20 and the crimping lugs 18 of the walls 15, 16 of the housing 4; thus, by the effect of crimping, the tabs 18 exert a stress on the manifold 11 and the collector 10, which they block in position between them and the abutments 20.
  • two abutments 20 are provided near the end of each flap (15a, 15b), (16a, 16b) of each wall 15, 16.
  • a seal 21 is inserted between the end edge 22 of the edge of the manifold 11 and a groove 23 formed at the periphery of the collector 10; this groove 23 extends over the entire periphery of the edge of the collector 10; it has a U-shaped section whose opening is turned on the side of the manifold 11.
  • This seal 21 ensures airtightness between the manifold 11 and the collector 10. It is for example formed of elastomer.
  • the view of the figure 15 is a section in a plane located, at a stop 20, between two collars 13. This is why we see, in this figure, a space on the inner side of the seal 21. This space n is present between two collars 13 and we see in the other figures that the seal 21 is otherwise crushed in the groove 23 of the collector 10, thus fulfilling its sealing function.
  • the seal between the manifold 11 and the manifold 10 to which it is attached is provided by brazing.
  • the end edge 22 of the edge of the manifold 11 is directly soldered in the groove 23.
  • the sealing means between the manifold 10 and the manifold 11 comprise a brazed connection.
  • the exchanger 1 with its housing 4 crimped to its manifold 11 has all the advantages, stated above in connection with the first embodiment where they are brazed, related to the maintenance of the manifold 11 directly by the casing 4. It also has all the advantages of fixing by crimping.
  • a manifold 11 formed of plastic which is not possible in the context of a fixing by soldering or welding, for which the box 11 must be metallic; of course, the attachment of the manifold 11 to the casing 4 by crimping can also be implemented with a metal box 11.
  • the thickness of the walls 15, 16 of the casing 4 an exchanger 1 is generally larger than the thickness of the wall forming its collector 10 (for example 1 mm for the wall of the collector 10 against 2 mm for the wall of the casing 4); this is all the more true for a metal collector, for example of aluminum, which has already received a heat treatment for its soldering to the other elements, said treatment having weakened its mechanical strength.
  • the fixing by crimping is more rigid and will not deform.
  • the collector 10 is not stressed and therefore not likely to deform.
  • the operation of the exchanger 1 (whatever its embodiment) is as follows (it is described briefly because well known to those skilled in the art). Air is supplied to the air intake distribution box 5, flows into the tubes 2 (this flow being disturbed by the fins 2 ') and leaves the exchanger 1 through the housing (no shown) of air outlet distribution. Furthermore, the exchanger is supplied with water through the water inlet pipe 9, circulates in the water flow channels 3 (this circulation being disturbed by the disrupters 3 ') and leaves the exchanger 1 through the water outlet pipe 8. The flows of air and water are in the opposite direction in the direction of the length L of the exchanger 1; we speak of heat exchanger "against the current"; the efficiency of such an exchanger 1 is very good.
  • the heat exchanger 1 has been described in relation to the air circulating in its tubes 2 and the water flowing between the tubes through the disrupters 3 '. It goes without saying that this could be reversed, that is to say water in the tubes and air between the tubes. Moreover, it could be air in both cases or water in both cases, or other fluids.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Wärmetauscher, der Tauscherelemente (2, 2', 3, 3'), mindestens einen Fluidsammelkasten (11), in den die Tauscherelemente (2, 2') münden, und ein Aufnahmegehäuse (4) der Tauscherelemente (2, 3') aufweist, das von einer Vielzahl von miteinander verbundenen Wänden (15, 16) geformt wird, wobei das Gehäuse (4) zwei L-förmige Wände (15, 16) aufweist, wobei jede Wand (15, 16) zwei zueinander lotrechte Flügel ((15a, 15b), (16a, 16b)) aufweist, wobei ein Flügel (15b, 16b) jeder Wand (15, 16) einen angehobenen Rand (15c, 16c) zur Befestigung an einem Flügel (16a, 15a) der anderen Wand (16, 15) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fluidsammelkasten (11) direkt vom Gehäuse (4) gehalten wird, indem es den Fluidsammelkasten (11) zumindest zum Teil überdeckt, und dadurch, dass der angehobene Rand (15c, 16c) sich lotrecht zum Flügel (15b, 16b) jeder Wand (15, 16) und nach außerhalb des durch die Tauscherelemente (2, 2') definierten Volumens erstreckt.
  2. Tauscher nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die zwei Wände (15, 16) von gleicher Außenform sind.
  3. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, bei dem einer der Flügel · (15b, 16b) eine Vertiefung (15e, 16e) aufweist, die eingerichtet ist, um mit parallel zusammengebauten Strömungsrohren (2) eines ersten Fluids in Kontakt zu kommen und so Strömungskanäle (3) eines zweiten Fluids zwischen den Rohren (2) zu formen.
  4. Tauscher nach Anspruch 3, bei dem der die Vertiefung (15e, 16e) aufweisende Flügel (15b, 16b) ebenfalls mindestens eine Öffnung (6, 7) zur Verbindung mit einem Strömungskreislauf des zweiten Fluids aufweist, wobei die Öffnung auf einem Abschnitt des Flügels ((15f, 15f'), (16f, 16f')) ausgespart ist, der sich von der Vertiefung (15e, 16e) unterscheidet, um eine bessere Verteilung des zweiten Fluids in seinen Strömungskanälen (3) zu erlauben.
  5. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem jede Wand (15, 16) mindestens einen Dichtungsabschnitt (P) aufweist, der eingerichtet ist, um ein Spiel (J) im Bereich seiner Befestigungszone an der anderen Wand (16; 15) auszufüllen, genauer ein Spiel (J) zwischen diesen Wänden (15, 16) und einer Sammelplatte (10) zum Halten der Tauscherelemente (2, 2', 3, 3') in Stellung.
  6. Tauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem die Wände (15, 16) aneinander gelötet werden, und vorzugsweise die Tauscherelemente (2, 3') an die Wände (15, 16) gelötet werden.
  7. Tauscher nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Wände (15, 16) Einrichtungen (E) zum Halt der Tauscherelemente (2, 3') beim Löten aufweisen.
EP09769213A 2008-06-26 2009-06-22 Wärmetauscher und gehäuse für den wärmetauscher Not-in-force EP2304368B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0803600A FR2933177B1 (fr) 2008-06-26 2008-06-26 Echangeur de chaleur et carter pour l'echangeur
PCT/EP2009/057741 WO2009156364A1 (fr) 2008-06-26 2009-06-22 Echangeur de chaleur et carter pour l'echangeur

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EP2304368A1 EP2304368A1 (de) 2011-04-06
EP2304368B1 true EP2304368B1 (de) 2012-11-07

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EP (1) EP2304368B1 (de)
JP (2) JP2011525610A (de)
CN (1) CN102138052B (de)
FR (1) FR2933177B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2009156364A1 (de)

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EP2304368A1 (de) 2011-04-06
WO2009156364A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
US20110162826A1 (en) 2011-07-07
FR2933177A1 (fr) 2010-01-01
FR2933177B1 (fr) 2018-05-25
JP6199809B2 (ja) 2017-09-20
CN102138052A (zh) 2011-07-27
CN102138052B (zh) 2014-02-26
JP2014206371A (ja) 2014-10-30
JP2011525610A (ja) 2011-09-22
US9599412B2 (en) 2017-03-21

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