Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
  • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
  • F28F9/002—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core with fastening means for other structures
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
  • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
  • F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
  • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
  • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
  • F28F2280/06—Adapter frames, e.g. for mounting heat exchanger cores on other structure and for allowing fluidic connections

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers for motor vehicles and relates more specifically to the air supply of the engines, in particular by supercharging air.
• a heat exchanger comprising exchange elements in the form of tubes for the flow of fluid, housed in an envelope called a housing, and a manifold for receiving the tubes.
• this exchanger is attached to a vehicle member such as a manifold or an engine member, for example an actuator, an intake manifold, a cylinder head.
• the exchanger comprises a fixing flange, having screw holes of the exchanger on the body.
• the housing, the tubes and the collector are generally assembled together by brazing and the flange is fixed to the housing or manifold by TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) type welding or by crimping.
• TIG Tungsten Inert Gas
• the thickness of the flange which can be five to ten times greater than the thickness of the housing or the collector, does not allow to carry out brazing operation between the flange and the aforementioned elements, because that the brazing of two pieces having very different masses generates a bad bead of solder.
• the welding or crimping of the flange on the housing are expensive and relatively complex assembly phases, which add to the brazing step of the heat exchanger.
• the positioning of a seal is necessary to prevent liquid leakage.
• the size of the exchanger is increased along the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis due to the presence of crimping teeth.
• the flange is welded using a TIG process, it is necessary to work under an inert atmosphere.
• the present invention is intended to provide a heat exchanger whose method of assembling the flange on the housing, directly or indirectly via the collector for example, is simplified, while limiting the manufacturing cost or even the size of the casing of the heat exchanger.
• the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising a casing for accommodating exchange elements, the exchanger comprising an end provided with a flange for fixing the casing to a body of the vehicle.
• the fixing flange comprising a contact surface with the member, this surface being provided with screw holes of the flange on the member, and an opposite surface for fixing the flange on the housing, said internal surface, in wherein the inner surface is a substantially planar surface having a peripheral brazing projection.
• a brazing peripheral projection on the surface of the fixing flange which will be fixed on the housing.
• the projection may thus have a smaller thickness than the rest of the flange, and thus allow attachment to the heat exchanger by soldering, whereas the flange generally has a thickness that is too great compared to the rest of the flange. to the rest of the heat exchanger, discouraging brazing on it.
• a particular advantage lies in the fact that the brazing of this flange can be done simultaneously with all the other brazed elements of the heat exchanger, for example simultaneously with the soldering of the walls of the housing, the collector and / or the elements of the heat exchanger. 'exchange.
• This is advantageous time saving, since it is only a single brazing step in place of the two usual steps of brazing the exchanger on the one hand, and crimping or welding the flange on the exchanger on the other hand.
• brazing by means of a peripheral brazing projection makes it possible to provide a brazing surface in the form of a bead, thus limiting the extent of the brazing zone and guaranteeing a good airtightness of the assembly. . It is thus possible to avoid having a seal between the flange and the housing.
• the inner surface of the flange can be fixed to the housing directly or indirectly.
• the internal surface of the flange can be fixed on the housing by means of the manifold which is itself fixed on the housing.
• the word "casing” generally designates an envelope or a casing, for example of parallelepipedal general shape, enveloping the heat exchange elements, which are generally heat exchange tubes.
• Period projection is understood to mean a protrusion preferably made of material and continuous over the entire periphery of the flange, capable of receive a layer of filler metal to braze the flange on the housing.
• the heat exchanger is used for supplying air to a motor vehicle engine, especially when the supply air, called charge air, comes from a compressor or a turbocharger.
• the air can come as well from the only intake system of the engine that be from a mixture of air and exhaust gas recovered at the output of the engine, according to the system generally known by the acronym EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation).
• EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
• the density of the charge air can be increased by cooling the charge air, by means of a heat exchanger called charge air cooler or RAS.
• a charge air cooler may comprise at least one bundle of heat exchange elements, comprising parallel tubes or a stack of plates alternately forming circulation channels for the supercharged air to be cooled and channels for the circulation of the engine coolant. The exchange of heat between the tubes or the plates and the air of supercharging is done in part by means of a turbulator.
• the air circulates in a network of tubes held at their end by two collectors fixed on the housing.
• Water can be dispensed through two water channels feeding the spaces between the tubes.
• These channels can be formed in the walls (or cheeks) of the housing, the latter ensuring the separation and sealing of the water relative to the external environment and also serving as an attachment point for fixing the exchanger.
• Air can be distributed over the exchange element bundle via an inlet manifold and outlet manifold.
• the heat exchanger as defined above may further include one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
• the brazing peripheral projection has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of a portion of the exchanger on which it is brazed, such as the housing or the collector.
• the peripheral brazing projection has a thickness less than three times the thickness of this portion of the exchanger, more preferably less than twice this thickness.
• the peripheral projection has a thickness adapted for quality brazing to take place between the fixing flange and the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, even though the flange may have a much greater thickness than this part of the exchanger.
• the fastening flange has a thickness at least twice as large as the portion of the exchanger on which it is brazed, preferably greater than five times greater, or ten times greater.
• the term "thickness of the flange" the distance between the contact surface and the substantially flat surface of the inner surface. In the case of a flange having a much greater thickness than the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, the peripheral brazing projection is particularly advantageous, because without it the solder bead would be of poor quality and the fixing would be not robust.
• the flange comprises fixing lugs, the peripheral brazing projection extending around these attachment lugs.
• the attachment lugs make it possible to secure the flange on the body by screwing.
• the flange generally has a large thickness, so that the peripheral brazing surface is particularly advantageous.
• the flange has an inner edge and an outer edge, the brazing peripheral projection extending along the outer edge and the flange having a second brazing peripheral projection extending along the inner edge. This ensures, with this second brazing projection, brazing of an even better quality.
• the flange is directly soldered to a collector, the manifold itself being soldered to the housing.
• peripheral brazing projection is achieved by stamping.
• the housing is assembled by soldering, so that the brazing of the flange on the housing can be simultaneous with the brazing of the rest of the housing.
• it is referred to as "one shot" brazing, which is particularly advantageous for facilitating the manufacturing process and for improving the positioning of the flange with respect to the casing.
• the flange provides a fixing by screwing the housing on a member of a vehicle engine, a seal being preferably disposed between the contact surface of the flange and the body.
• the seal disposed between the flange and the member increases the thickness to be screwed, so that the flange must be thick enough to ensure this screwing.
• the peripheral brazing projection is particularly advantageous in this case.
• the heat exchanger comprises a second flange for fixing the casing, arranged on the opposite side to the first fastening flange.
• the invention further relates to a fastening flange for a heat exchanger as described above, comprising, on the brazing peripheral projection, a filler metal layer, for subsequent brazing of the flange on the housing.
• the subject of the invention is also a process for brazing a heat exchanger, comprising a brazing step during which the casing walls are simultaneously pressed against one another and on the other side by the flange. fixing with at least one of the following elements taken from the housing, the exchange elements, or a collector.
• FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger according to one embodiment
• FIG. 2 is an exploded partial perspective view of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view along the plane A-A of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flange of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4a is a sectional view of part of the flange of FIG. 4
• FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a flange according to another embodiment
• FIG. 5a is a sectional view of part of the flange of FIG. 5
• FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a flange according to another embodiment
• Figure 6a is a sectional view of a portion of the flange of Figure 6.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show a heat exchanger 10 for a motor vehicle, intended more specifically for supplying air to the engine of the vehicle.
• the exchanger 10 is a charge air exchanger, from a compressor or a turbocharger.
• the heat exchanger 10 comprises a casing 12, or casing 12, as well as exchange elements 14 arranged inside the housing 12, in the form of tubes 14.
• the heat exchanger 10 is also provided with a collector 16 on at least one of its ends, for receiving the tubes 14 , and includes a fastening flange 18 of the housing to a motor member.
• the fixing flange 18 is fixed on the casing 12 via the collector 16, that is to say that it is fixed on the collector 16, itself fixed on the housing 12.
• the flange fastening 18 can be assembled by screwing the exchanger 10 with a manifold attached to a motor member, or directly with a motor member.
• the engine member on which the flange is screwed can be for example the motor yoke, an actuator, or for example an intake manifold.
• the heat exchanger 10 may further comprise a fixing flange on each of its ends.
• the direction of the exchanger which is parallel to the axis of the tubes 14 is defined as a longitudinal direction L, the transverse plane being designated by a horizontal direction I defining a width of the exchanger and a vertical direction h defining a height of the exchanger.
• the housing 12 has a generally parallelepipedal shape, having four walls 13, also called cheeks 13 of the exchanger.
• the casing 12 more precisely comprises two lateral walls parallel to the vertical longitudinal plane (L, h), each having two brazed longitudinal edges with two adjacent horizontal walls, the horizontal walls being parallel to the horizontal longitudinal plane (L, I) and forming the walls lower and upper part of the volume constituting the casing 12.
• the housing 12 has at least one of its longitudinal ends a peripheral edge 22 for fixing the housing with the collector 16 and the fastening flange 18.
• This edge 22 is oriented parallel to the vertical transverse plane (I, h), it extends in a direction perpendicular to the walls 13 of the housing 12, has a substantially rectangular contour and is provided in this example with six fixing lugs 24A of circular shape.
• Each of the attachment lugs 24A delimits an orifice 26 adapted to receive a fastening means of the screw-nut type.
• the casing 12 also comprises in this example, on the longitudinal edges of the side walls 13, crimping lugs 28 which are folded over them. same and which strengthen the walls 13 which are brazed with each other.
• the heat exchange tubes 14 are arranged parallel and vertically inside the casing 12.
• the tubes 14 are fixed to the casing 12 by soldering and are also received at their end by the collector 16.
• the section of the tubes 14 according to a transverse sectional plane is oblong.
• the tubes 14 are arranged parallel to each other forming a bundle of tubes whose function is to allow air to circulate inside the tubes while the spaces 15 between the tubes form channels for a circulation of liquid such as water.
• the tubes 14 have a length in the longitudinal direction substantially greater than that of the walls 13 of the housing and their height is slightly less than the height of the housing 12 to allow their insertion inside the latter.
• the collector 16 is mounted at the end of the exchanger 10. It has a substantially rectangular contour and extends in a vertical transverse plane, parallel to the edge 22. It has two substantially flat opposed surfaces, one disposed on the side of the housing 12, the other disposed on the side of the mounting flange 18. More specifically, the collector 16 has an inner surface 17, disposed on the housing side, adapted to be pressed against and brazed on the edge 22 of the housing 12. This inner surface 17 of the collector 16 has fastening lugs 24B which are arranged opposite the fastening lugs 24A of the edge 22 of the casing 12. The collector 16 also has oblong openings 32 for receiving the tubes 14, whose shape is complementary to that of the cross section of a tube14.
• each opening 32 thus allows to receive the end of a tube 14 which protrudes from the housing of the exchanger 10. It can be seen in Figures 2 and 3 that each opening 32 is delimited by a collar and a material bridge. 34 delimiting the inter-tube space 15 previously described.
• the collars and material bridges 34 surrounding the openings 32 of the collector 16 are interposed between the tubes 14 and thus obstruct the gaps 15 between the tubes, thus ensuring the seal between the flow of water and the flow of air.
• the flanges and material bridges 34 further provide a stiffening function of the exchanger.
• the collector 16 is also soldered to the tubes 14 by means of the collars 34 which are brazed on the ends of the 14.
• the manifold 16 keeps the ends of the tubes 14 in an orderly position and also prevents the flow of water inside the manifold or the engine member on which is fixed the exchanger.
• the fastening flange 18 has a substantially rectangular contour and extends in a vertical transverse plane, parallel to the edge 22 and the collector 16. It comprises a surface 25 of contact with the member, flat, and an opposite surface, said surface 18A, for the fixing of the flange 18 on the housing 12.
• the inner surface 18A is used to fix the flange on the housing through the manifold 16, it is soldered to an outer wall 36 of the collector 16 opposite to the inner wall 17 of the collector.
• the flange 18 has a general shape whose profile corresponds to that of the wall 36 of the collector and, like the housing and the collector, it is provided with fastening lugs 24C perforated and adapted to receive fastening means of the screw type -nut.
• the axes of these ears 24C coincide with the axes of the attachment lugs of the collector 16 and the housing 12.
• the contact surface 25 of the flange is adapted to be assembled by screwing on the manifold or the engine member.
• the flange 18 has a thickness at least twice, preferably five times or ten times greater than that of the housing, tubes or the manifold, in particular greater than the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, namely the collector 16.
• a seal may be disposed between the contact surface 25 of the flange 18 and the organ or the collecting box.
• the inner surface 18A of the flange 18 is substantially flat and provided with a brazing projection, said brazing peripheral projection 40.
• the latter is arranged along the contour of the flange 18 and s 'also extends around the fixing ears 24C. It is manufactured by stamping and its thickness in the longitudinal direction is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the housing 12 or the collector 16.
• the role of the peripheral projection 40 is to allow brazing of the flange 18 on the housing, through the collector 16.
• the peripheral projection 40 has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, so that the thickness of the housing 12 or the collector 16.
• the brazing peripheral projection 40 has a thickness less than three times the thickness of this portion of the exchanger, more preferably less than twice this thickness.
• the exchanger 10 includes a brazing process in which all the elements of the exchanger are brazed in a single step, that is to say that the elements are brazed simultaneously with each other.
• the flange 18 can thus be soldered together with the tubes 14, the walls 13 of the housing 12 and the collector 16.
• the walls of the housing 13, the heat exchange tubes 14, the collector, the fastening flange 18, have a layer of filler metal for subsequent brazing of these elements with each other during assembly.
• the filler metal layer which allows brazing of the flange 18 on the collector 16 is located on the peripheral projection 40 of the flange 18.
• the soldering step is carried out simultaneously for the aforementioned elements, in an oven.
• the brazing of a flange whose thickness is significantly greater than the thicknesses of the other elements of the exchanger is made possible by this peripheral projection 40.
• the peripheral projection 40 has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as that of the housing 12 or the collector 16, the flange 18 reaches locally, and simultaneously, the same brazing temperature as the other brazing elements which can nevertheless have thicknesses much lower than that of the flange 18. This makes it possible to obtain a quality soldering cord without defects on all brazed elements.
• the protrusion device 40 of the fastening flange 18 is located in the immediate vicinity of an inner edge 42 of the flange 18.
• the flange 18 comprises a first peripheral projection 40 situated in the immediate vicinity of the inner edge 42 and, in addition, a second peripheral projection situated in the immediate vicinity of an outer edge 44 of the flange 18.
• the flange 18 could be brazed directly on the casing 12.
• the casing 12 has a transverse profile adapted to receive the flange 18.
• the exchanger 10 described above is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to braze the fastening flange 18 on the rest of the casing rather than to assemble it by processes such as welding or crimping. It will be understood that it is possible to envisage multiple variations in the exchanger, which may relate, for example, to the general shape of the flange 18, the arrangement of the attachment lugs thereof, to its method of manufacture, to the dimensions and the materials used, the geometry of the tubes, the shape of the housing, the use of the exchanger 10, etc. Moreover, it will be noted that combinations of the various embodiments described above are possible.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-24 FR FR1257153A patent/FR2993969B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-07-18 KR KR1020157004482A patent/KR101706874B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2013-07-18 WO PCT/EP2013/065161 patent/WO2014016192A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-07-18 EP EP13739673.5A patent/EP2877804A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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