Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
  • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
  • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
  • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
  • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
  • B60T8/343—Systems characterised by their lay-out
  • B60T8/344—Hydraulic systems
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
  • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
  • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
  • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
  • B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
  • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
  • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
  • B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
  • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
  • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
  • B60T8/4863—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems
  • B60T8/4872—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
  • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
  • B60W10/184—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
  • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
  • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
  • B60W30/18109—Braking
  • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
  • B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
  • B60T2270/602—ABS features related thereto
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
  • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
  • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
  • B60W2510/244—Charge state
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
  • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
  • B60W2520/12—Lateral speed
  • B60W2520/125—Lateral acceleration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
  • B60W2720/30—Wheel torque

Definitions

• the invention is in the field of braking devices for motor vehicles.
• brake controls on individual wheels may also provide different brake force distribution to the wheels.
• Conventional brakes on wheels of vehicles are, for example disc brakes or drum brakes, at least in principle based on friction brakes.
• other units can be used to delay wheels as typically an engine brake, which in turn is controlled by appropriate settings on an internal combustion engine or a generator.
• a suitable generator in a motor vehicle either the usually existing small generator in the form of an alternator in question, which is used to charge the starter battery and to supply the electrical systems of the vehicle or in a hybrid vehicle, a drive motor that can be operated as a generator and then for example, can serve to charge the drive battery.
• a drive motor that can be operated as a generator and then for example, can serve to charge the drive battery.
• hybrid vehicles Corresponding optionally electrically or by means of an internal combustion engine operable vehicles.
• recuperative braking The process of recovering energy during a braking process by means of a generator and thus braking the vehicle is referred to by the term recuperative braking. Basically, it is known to optimize the driving safety and braking effect in a vehicle by suitable control or regulation of individual brake circuits or brakes and the brake means used.
• DE 4128087 A1 discloses a brake pressure control system for a vehicle with which a braked rear axle is prevented during cornering braking.
• the brake pressure at the front axle is set by the driver, the brake pressure at the rear axle is regulated as a function of this.
• a brake pressure control device which determines the wear of different wheel brakes and taken into account, so that a uniform wear of the individual wheel brakes is achieved in the long term.
• a brake system in each of which a brake circuit is assigned to one of the axles of a vehicle, so that an anti-skid device and a vehicle dynamics control device can be provided exclusively in a brake circuit, whereby the overall design effort is minimized.
• a brake system is known, with a plurality of brake circuits, which act basically hydraulically and acting on friction brakes of individual wheels, as well as with a generator or a drive electric motor, which is operable as a generator and can be additionally used for deceleration.
• a control device is provided to the
• the present invention seeks to provide a brake device for a motor vehicle, which also supports complex braking and driving dynamic control processes, has the highest possible reliability and is structurally simple as possible.
• a corresponding motor vehicle has a first group of brake circuits, that is to say at least one single first brake circuit, which acts on a group of wheels, in a manner known per se as a hydraulic brake circuit and independent of the action of the control device or at least only with the assistance of a control device can be controlled directly by the driver by means of a brake actuator.
• a brake actuator This means that, for example, the driver can actuate a brake pedal and thus compress hydraulic fluid in a master cylinder, wherein the correspondingly increased hydraulic track is fed directly into the brake circuit of the first group and there causes the actuation of corresponding wheel brakes.
• control devices can be provided on the wheel brakes, which realize an anti-lock device or ensure optimized distribution of the braking force between the individual wheels, for example when cornering when the outside wheel is loaded more dynamically and thus due to the stronger traction effect can be braked stronger or in a vehicle dynamics control, for example, when the inside wheel is braked in addition to the steering angle to dynamically support the curve movement of the vehicle.
• the control devices may cooperate with or be integrated into the control device.
• connection between the brake pedal and the braking action in the first group of brake circuits is very immediate, allowing good maneuverability and controllability by the driver and increasing the reliability due to the independence of a control device.
• the braked with the brake circuits of the first group wheels can be connected to a retarding action aggregate.
• the wheels assigned to the brake circuits of the second group can be connected to decelerating action units.
• the second group of brake circuits is in addition to the given in certain operating conditions, such as full braking, given actuation options directly actuable by the driver by the controller, which advantageously additionally control the deceleration of the wheels by one or more additional action units or for this purpose with a another control device can cooperate, which takes on this task.
• veneering processes that is to say the adaptation of the activation of brake circuits as a result of the change in the deceleration, are limited by additional power units to a part of the braking device.
• Corresponding veneering processes relate, for example, to switching off the recuperative braking when first braking by means of a generator and filling the correspondingly charged battery. It can then be switched to existing power consumers, but this can mean a sudden change in the generator load, which changes the delay effect of the generator. This change can advantageously be compensated accordingly by the control device on the brake circuits of the second group.
• the deceleration effect by a drive motor used as a generator is also dependent on the driving speed, so that only a very reduced deceleration effect can be achieved when stopping the vehicle practically in the range of low speeds, which can also be compensated advantageous by veneering with the brake circuits of the second group.
• an effect on the overall braking operation can advantageously be changed with suitable control of the brake circuits of the second group.
• the braking device formed in this way can be used both for vehicles of conventional design and for hybrid vehicles.
• the control by the control device can be designed so that an optimized braking performance and at the same time the environmentally friendly recovery of kinetic energy can be made. This fuel can be saved and the pollutant emissions of the vehicle can be reduced.
• a braking request of the driver should serve.
• This can, for example, from the actuation of the brake actuation are derived, for example by measuring the hydraulic pressure on the master cylinder or in a brake circuit of the first group or measuring the braking effect of the brakes of the first group or in the course of a brake-by-wire method, characterized in that the intensity the brake pedal operation by corresponding path / force or pressure sensors, for example, optically or electrically, is detected.
• the corresponding intensity corresponds to the total braking intensity desired by the driver. From this, the braking effect in the brake circuits of the first group can be subtracted.
• the known deceleration performance of the corresponding action units can be taken into account and from this the necessary actuation intensity of the brake circuits of the second group can be determined.
• An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that within at least one brake circuit of the second group by the control device at least two wheels on different sides of the vehicle, seen in the direction of travel, are different controllable.
• Such an assignment of wheels to brake circuits of the second group allows an asymmetric braking in the direction of travel, whereby, for example, the braking load can be increased by dynamically stronger pressed onto the road wheels to optimize the overall braking effect.
• a sensor for detecting the lateral acceleration and / or a sensor for detecting a steering request and / or a sensor for detecting the direction of travel is provided for this purpose.
• the dynamic load of the wheels during cornering and thus an optimized braking force distribution can be calculated while the detected steering request, for example in the form of a steering angle, allows the determination of an optimized vehicle dynamics control by braking a curve-inward wheel. If the direction of travel is known, the distribution of the braking force on wheels lying in front in the direction of travel, that is to say the rear wheels in the reverse direction, may be preferred.
• the second group is formed by a brake circuit which is assigned to the wheels of a rear axle.
• the driver will operate the brakes of the front wheels directly by means of a brake pedal while the brakes of the rear wheels are decoupled from the direct braking, especially taking into account any existing power units are controlled. It should be ensured that the ratio of the braking effects on the directly braked and controlled by the control device braked wheels, for example, when driving forward / reverse is optimized.
• a braking device can be used both for conventional vehicles, if, for example, the corresponding operating unit is formed by an alternator and for vehicles of the hybrid type, if the operating unit is formed by a generator-driven electric motor drive motor.
• the brake circuits of the second group may also be assigned to a driven front axle.
• the respective generators are then respectively connected to batteries, either a starter battery or a vehicle drive battery, which charge them in the course of recuperative braking.
• batteries either a starter battery or a vehicle drive battery, which charge them in the course of recuperative braking.
• the state of charge of the corresponding battery is monitored, so that timely information is available that decreases due to a full battery, the generator load.
• an electrical load can be coupled to the corresponding generator, such as a heating resistor or the illumination of the vehicle.
• the controller for the corresponding switching operations provides the controller.
• a speed sensor for detecting the driving speed and / or a clutch sensor for detecting an actuation of the transmission clutch are advantageously provided, for example, in addition to a sensor for detecting the state of charge of the battery.
• the decreasing generator output and, in the case of coupling processes, the decoupling of the operating unit can be registered in good time in order to keep the braking effect largely constant via control processes of the control device. It is also possible, for example, to use a power sensor for detecting the electrical power of the generator for the purposes described.
• a brake circuit of the second group is designed as a hydraulic brake circuit which has a differential pressure controller or a pressure regulator as a control element.
• both brake circuits of the second group and brake circuits of the first group are designed as hydraulic brake circuits, resulting in corresponding synergy effects both during production and during operation.
• hydraulic pressure for the hydraulic brake circuits can be provided jointly or at least corresponding hydraulic pumps of the individual brake circuits can be driven together.
• the control device can realize the intensity of the braking in the brake circuits of the second group via the control of a differential pressure controller or a pressure regulator.
• corresponding pressure measuring devices are also provided in the brake circuits of the second group, for example in the area of the wheel brake cylinders.
• a brake circuit of the second group is formed as a hydraulic brake circuit and directly hydraulically connectable with the brake actuator.
• the hydraulic brake circuit of the second group has an additional hydraulic accumulator on the intake side of a hydraulic pump of the brake circuit in the form of a piston / cylinder assembly. This is advantageously carried out with a spring bias generating a bias.
• the piston / cylinder arrangement has a stepped piston, whose cross-sectionally smaller secondary-side piston acts in the sense of reducing the storage volume and is connected to a pressure line of the brake circuit.
• the smaller piston of the stepped piston is substantially smaller in cross section than the larger piston, the volume consumption on the high pressure side for the prestressing of the additional accumulator is minimized.
• the invention can be further advantageously configured in that the hydraulic pumps associated with the brake circuits of the first group can be decoupled mechanically from a common pump drive, in particular by a one-way clutch controllable by the direction of rotation of a pump drive shaft.
• hydraulic pumps associated with the brake circuits of the first group can be connected to the respective high-pressure outlet via valves on the intake side and, in particular, via high-pressure spring-loaded check valves to the respective brake circuit.
• the decoupling of the corresponding hydraulic pumps in non-operated brake circuits solves this problem.
• the pump drive motor usually an electric motor, may be operated in a first direction when all hydraulic pumps are to be driven, and in a second direction of rotation when only one or some of the hydraulic pumps are to be operated, providing a directional free wheel which does not drive the others Disconnects hydraulic pumps in the second direction of rotation.
• the problem can be reduced by the fact that the primary side and the secondary side, which are not required, are connected to one another via throttles, for example, in the case of the unused hydraulic pumps.
• the primary side of a potentially unneeded hydraulic pump can be connected to the brake circuit directly or via a check valve, which may also be spring-loaded. As a result, the brake pedal is hydraulically disconnected from the pump when actuated.
• the brake device comprises a master brake cylinder, which is coupled to the brake actuator such that upon actuation of the brake actuator, a pressure signal corresponding to actuation of the brake actuator is provided, at least one brake circuit of the second group having at least one at an associated one Rad arranged wheel brake cylinder is coupled to the master cylinder, that the pressure signal from the master cylinder to the wheel brake cylinder is forwarded, wherein the wheel brake cylinder is adapted to exert a force corresponding to the pressure signal on the wheel; a separating valve disposed between the master cylinder and the wheel brake cylinder and configured to transition to a closed state on receipt of a provided closing signal and to prevent the pressure signal from being transmitted to the wheel brake cylinder; and an external memory which is coupled to the wheel brake cylinder, that a volume for a pressure build-up in the wheel brake cylinder from the external memory to the
• Wheel brake cylinder is available.
• the external memory is meant, for example, a second memory which is coupled to the brake circuit of the second group in addition to a first memory which is designed for recording a volume of at least one wheel brake cylinder.
• the provision of the brake circuit of the second group with a second memory allows a clear separation between the volume of the second accumulator for the pressure build-up in the at least one wheel brake cylinder and the volume filled into the first accumulator from the at least one wheel brake cylinder.
• a simpler volume accounting is possible.
• this allows a regulation of the pressure in the at least one wheel brake cylinder via standard pressure control valves.
• the external memory may be formed as a stepped piston and have on a primary side a volume of stock for the increased pressure in the wheel brake cylinder.
• the external memory may be coupled to a delivery side of a pump.
• the external memory and the pump can be controlled by the control device so that, if the isolation valve is in its closed state, the pressure in the wheel brake cylinder via the pump and the external memory is adjustable.
• the pressure present in the at least one wheel brake cylinder is therefore no longer directly dependent on the actuation of the brake actuation device, but can be set to a value which is advantageous with respect to a specific traffic situation.
• the invention relates in addition to a braking device on a method for its operation and a hydraulic device for such a braking device.
• Figure 1 shows the basic structure of the braking device with hydraulic pumps, lines and valves in a first embodiment and a control device
• FIG. 2 shows a braking device according to the invention in a second embodiment
• FIG. 3 shows a braking device according to the invention with a first decoupling device for the various brake circuits
• FIG. 4 shows a brake device with a second decoupling device for different brake circuits
• Fig. 5 shows a braking device according to the invention in a third embodiment.
• FIG. 1 shows a braking device with a first brake circuit 1 on the right side, which is assigned to the front wheels 3, 4 of a two-axle motor vehicle and a second brake circuit 2, which is assigned to the rear wheels 5, 6 of the motor vehicle.
• the brake circuits are indicated by dash-dotted lines. However, the dot-dashed lines indicate only functional limits and assignments, the corresponding units can still be summarized in common units, such as a hydraulic block.
• the first brake circuit 1 forms the first group of brake circuits, which are directly hydraulically actuated, while the second brake circuit forms the second group of brake circuits, which with a hydraulic brake actuating device 7 only exceptionally connected, but in active interventions and partial braking but are usually disconnected from this hydraulically.
• the hydraulic brake actuation device 7 has a brake pedal 8 and a master brake cylinder 9, in which, if appropriate, a hydraulic pressure for actuating the brake device upon pedaling of the brake pedal 8 is built up using a brake booster.
• the pressure build-up valves 11, 12 further distribute the increased hydraulic pressure to the brake cylinders of the wheels 3, 4, so that the corresponding friction brakes are actuated, for example in the form of disc brakes.
• the pressure reduction valves 13, 14 are used so that the hydraulic pressure in the wheel brake cylinders regardless of the pressure level in the high pressure part of the corresponding brake circuit lowered and the hydraulic fluid to the suction side of the hydraulic pump 15th can be dissipated.
• the hydraulic accumulator 16 is provided for receiving the hydraulic fluid.
• a spring-loaded check valve 17 ensures that the hydraulic pump sucks hydraulic fluid optionally via the open intake valve 18 and that no hydraulic fluid can flow from the suction side of the hydraulic pump to the pressure accumulator 16.
• an anti-lock brake system is provided for the individual wheels, which prevents locking of the wheels in the event of excessive braking.
• speed sensor on the wheels 4, 3, which emit a signal to a control device 22 when blocking a wheel.
• the wheel associated brake pressure build-up valve 11, 12 is closed and at the same time the associated brake pressure reduction valve 13,14 opened to cancel the blockage of the wheel.
• the hydraulic pump 15 is driven to pump hydraulic fluid under high pressure to the primary side of the brake circuit.
• the described process can also be carried out in a similar form if slippage threatens when the vehicle is being started on one or more wheels or if a wheel brake is actuated for the purpose of driving dynamics control without brake pressure being applied in the master brake cylinder.
• the pressure required to actuate the wheel brake cylinder may be provided by the hydraulic pump 15.
• the master brake cylinder is disconnected from the brake circuit in this case by closing the changeover valve 10.
• the so-called intake valve 18 is opened so that hydraulic fluid can pass from the region of the master brake cylinder to the intake side of the hydraulic pump 15.
• the control of said valves for example, the controller 22 take over.
• the brake pressure build-up valves 11, 12 and the Bremstikabsenkventile 13, 14 can be controlled. This can, if necessary, very quickly a wheel individually a pressure reduction can be achieved to prevent a wheel from blocking.
• the function of the second brake circuit 2 on the left side of FIG. 1 is basically comparable to that of the first brake circuit 1, with the exception that the second brake circuit 2 can be completely decoupled from the master brake cylinder 9 by the isolation valve 19, in particular during partial braking.
• the isolation valve 19 has, in contrast to the valves 10, 10 a and no one-way bypass valve, which would allow braking from the brake pedal in the second brake circuit in the closed position of the isolation valve 19.
• three basic states are to be distinguished:
• the controller 22 calculates the to be achieved by the second brake circuit braking deceleration and provides these primarily by controlling the switching valve 10a, which operates as a pressure difference control valve , one. This is possible by modulation of the switching valve 10a.
• the pump is activated. This sucks hydraulic fluid from the memory 26 and promotes these via the valves I Ia, 12a to the brakes of the wheels 5.6. If braking of the wheels is necessary in this control process, hydraulic fluid passes through the valves 11a, 12a, 10a and, if appropriate, is conveyed back into the reservoir 26 via the valve 18a.
• a wheel-individual pressure reduction can be done via the valves 13 a, 14 a, analogous to the function of the valves 13,14 in the first brake circuit.
• auxiliary reservoir 26 supplies the hydraulic fluid required for the operation of the brake circuits of the second group in most cases. He will be at the regular
• the suction valve 18a may also be opened to fill the reservoir 26.
• the additional memory 26 which consists essentially of a piston / cylinder assembly, in particular, when this is spring loaded by a spring bias of the piston hydraulic fluid.
• the spring force and thus the bias of the piston, if present, should be chosen suitably so as not to reduce the hydraulic pressure on the suction side of the hydraulic pump 15a to such an extent that the pump can no longer aspirate liquid.
• the bias of the additional memory must be large enough to this in a reasonable time Non-actuation of the brake circuit 2, in particular to fill again with the intake valve open.
• the extent of actuation of the second brake circuit 2 is basically reduced by the additional deceleration effect of the action unit 20 via the drive shaft 27 to the wheels 5, 6 and it is recovered according to energy on the operating unit and stored, for example in the battery 25.
• the deceleration torque of the operating unit 20 fluctuates, that is, for example, when the battery 25 is full, the vehicle slows down or the drive train is decoupled from the wheels by a gearshift operation and thus the train in the drive train is interrupted, must Keep total delay constant by the controller 22 according to either, as far as possible, the delay torque of the unit can be increased, for example by connecting an electrical load 28 and / or the control of the second brake circuit 2 must be changed so that the changed braking force the changed Delay moment of Wirkaggre- gats 20 balances.
• the isolation valve 19, which remains closed during partial braking operations, remain open, so that the brake pressure generated in the master cylinder 9 through the isolation valve 19, the switching valve 10 a and the brake pressure build-up valves I Ia, 12 a to the brake cylinders of the wheels 5, 6 can be directed. In this way, an optimal immediate braking effect with a corresponding brake feeling on the brake pedal 8 is generated. There is a minimal lengthening of the pedal travel, which however is tolerable in the case of emergency braking.
• sensors 29 lateral acceleration sensor
• 30 slip sensor
• 31 vehicle speed sensor
• a direction sensor can be provided, which helps the control device 22 to distinguish between forward drive and reverse drive, so that when reversing the brakes of the rear axle can be more heavily loaded.
• control device 22 may be connected to speed sensors on the wheels 5, 6, as well as to a sensor which indicates the actuation of a transmission clutch.
• the corresponding outputs 32 are connected to the controllable valves 10a, I Ia, 12a and optionally controllable valves 14a, 13a. Basically, all controllable valves are connected to a control device to allow a coordinated activation.
• FIG. 2 shows a braking device which is similar to that shown in FIG. Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
• control device 22 The structure and operation of the control device 22 is omitted in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity. However, it is basically comparable to that shown in FIG.
• the braking device shown in Figure 2 differs from the braking device shown in Figure 1 essentially in that instead of an additional memory 26 in the form of a piston / cylinder arrangement, an extended stepped piston assembly 33 is provided.
• This has a differential piston which limits on its primary side a storage volume 34 with a large cross section and on the secondary side of the stepped piston forms a smaller piston 35 of smaller cross-section, which is connected to the high pressure side of the brake circuit.
• the pressure acting on the small piston 35 on the secondary side assists in emptying the pressure accumulator and thus facilitates the suction effect of the hydraulic pump 15a.
• the suction effect is still essentially given by the biasing spring.
• the mobility of the stepped piston is ensured in both directions and independent of the spring design or occurring about irregular frictional forces.
• the smaller in cross-section and the larger piston can also be designed separately.
• pressure forces can continue to be transmitted, but the pistons remain independently movable.
• FIG. 3 shows a braking device which largely corresponds to that shown in FIG. However, there is shown a device that increases the comfort that a each not required hydraulic pump 15 then, when it is not needed, is decoupled from the drive train of the pump drive motor 36.
• the drive motor 36 can basically drive the corresponding drive shaft 37 in both directions of rotation and that the hydraulic pump 15a of the second brake circuit can generate a hydraulic pressure independently of the direction of rotation of the shaft 37.
• a mechanical freewheel device 38 is formed between the drive motor 36 and the hydraulic pump 15, which ensures that the hydraulic pump 15 of the first brake circuit is driven only in one direction of rotation of the shaft 37, but not in the opposite direction. This prevents that, for example, during partial braking, when the hydraulic pump in a brake circuit of the second group (ie in the present example at the rear axle) builds pressure in a brake circuit of the front axle pulsations by a pump operation can be felt.
• FIG. 4 shows a braking device similar to that illustrated in FIG. 3, wherein the task of decoupling the hydraulic pressure generation of the first brake circuit 1 from the hydraulic pressure generation in the second brake circuit 2 is not achieved by a mechanical freewheel of the drive shaft of the hydraulic pumps, but instead
• the hydraulic pump 15 of the first brake circuit 1 operates simultaneously with the hydraulic pump 15a of the second brake circuit 2, but in the decoupling case, the output side of the same hydraulic pump 15 via a switching valve 39, which is opened in this case, is connected to the suction side of the hydraulic pump 15 so that the pump delivers hydraulic fluid in a circle.
• a switching valve 39 which is opened in this case
• the hydraulic pump 15 is connected via a preferably spring-loaded check valve 40 to the high pressure side of the first brake circuit 1, on the one hand to allow the promotion of hydraulic fluid through the pump 15 in the high pressure part of the first brake circuit, on the other hand, the "braking" by the brake pedal via the valve 10, to prevent the hydraulic pump 15 and the valve 39 in the low pressure part, in the region of the outlet of the wheel brake cylinder, because this could interfere with a pressure control.
• the braking device according to the invention thus allows a comfortable use of recuperation onsbremsvor réellen, fluctuations within a subsystem of the braking device can be intercepted and compensated and thus imperceptible to the driver or occupants of the vehicle.
• a further subsystem of the braking device is provided, which remains unaffected by the balancing processes and works conventionally.
• a competent control device controls suitably all occurring braking and deceleration effects.
• Fig. 5 shows a braking device according to the invention in a third embodiment.
• the braking device described in the following paragraphs can not only be used in a hybrid vehicle. Instead, the braking device can also be used in conventional vehicles, for example, to ensure a preferred distribution of braking force at the wheels of the vehicle when braking during cornering and / or a reverse drive.
• the braking device shown comprises a first brake circuit 1 for braking the front wheels 3 and 4 and a second brake circuit 2 for braking the rear wheels 5 and 6.
• a first brake circuit 1 for braking the front wheels 3 and 4
• a second brake circuit 2 for braking the rear wheels 5 and 6.
• the wheels 5 and 6 rear wheels and the Wheels 3 and 4 are front wheels of a vehicle.
• the wheels 3 and 4 and the wheels 5 and 6 may be two pairs of wheels 3 to 6 arranged on two different sides of a vehicle or diagonally on a vehicle.
• the illustrated brake device is not limited to the fixed number of four wheels 3 to 6.
• the braking device can be extended so that more than four wheels are braked.
• the brake device in this case has at least two brake circuits corresponding to the first brake circuit 1.
• a hydraulic brake actuating device 7 of the brake device has a brake pedal 8 and a master brake cylinder 9. Furthermore, the hydraulic brake actuator 7 may include a brake booster. In addition, a pedal travel sensor, a booster membrane travel sensor and / or a rod travel sensor may be attached to the brake pedal 8. As an alternative or in addition to the brake pedal 8, the braking device for detecting a braking request of a driver may also have another brake input element.
• a brake medium reservoir 41 for example a hydraulic fluid reservoir that can be filled with a brake fluid via a filler neck 42, may be attached to the master brake cylinder 9.
• the brake medium reservoir 41 is connected to the master cylinder 9 so that a brake medium between the master cylinder 9 and the brake fluid reservoir 41 is interchangeable.
• a first supply line 43 leads to a changeover valve 10 of the first brake circuit 1.
• a bypass line with a check valve 44 is arranged.
• the check valve 44 ensures in a malfunction of the switching valve 10, which would otherwise interrupt the hydraulic connection between the master brake cylinders 9 and the (not outlined) wheel brake cylinders of the brake caliper front wheels 3 and 4, a continuity of the hydraulic connection between the master cylinder 9 and the wheel brake calipers. Accordingly, the brake calipers of the front wheels 3 and 4 can also be activated during a failure of the changeover valve 10 by means of the brake Pedals 8 are controlled. Since the function of the change-over valve 10 has already been described above, it will not be discussed in more detail here.
• an intake valve 18 is also connected to the first supply line 43. Furthermore, a pressure sensor 46 is connected to the supply line 43 such that a pressure of the brake medium prevailing in the first brake circuit 1 can be determined by means of the pressure sensor 46.
• a line 47 which connects the switching valve 10 with a pressure build-up valve 11.
• the pressure build-up valve 11 is assigned to the wheel brake cylinder of the brake caliper of the front wheel 4.
• a pressure build-up valve 12 assigned to the wheel brake cylinder of the brake caliper of the front wheel 3 is also connected to the line 47.
• a bypass line with a check valve 49 or 50 is arranged in each case.
• a delivery side of a pump 15 is connected to the conduit 47 via a branching point 51.
• the pump 15 is a single-piston pump in a preferred embodiment.
• a multi-piston pump, an asymmetric pump or a gear pump may be used.
• the braking device is thus not limited to a two-piston ESP system.
• a line 52 extends, in which a spring-loaded check valve 17 is inserted. Via a branch point 53, the intake valve 18 is connected to the line 52. Another branch point 54 connects the line 52 with a hydraulic accumulator 16 for receiving a brake fluid.
• the line 52 terminates at a pressure reduction valve 14 which is associated with the wheel brake cylinder of the brake caliper of the front wheel 3.
• a pressure lowering valve 13 associated with the wheel brake cylinder of the brake caliper of the front wheel 4 is likewise connected to the line 52 via a branching point 55.
• the Druckabsenkventile 13 and 14 are each connected via a branch point 56 and 57 to the lines 58 or 59, which each connect one of the pressure build-up valves 11 or 12 with the associated wheel brake cylinder of the brake caliper of the front wheels 3 and 4.
• the valves 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 18 of the first brake circuit 1 can be designed as hydraulic valves.
• the switching valve 10 and the pressure build-up valves 11 and 12 are designed as normally open valves.
• the pressure reduction valves 13 and 14 and the suction valve 18 are designed as normally closed valves. This ensures that a driver side on the actuation of the brake pedal 8 requested pressure build-up in the wheel brake cylinders of the brake calipers of the front wheels 3 and 4 is performed.
• the driver brakes directly into the first brake circuit 1.
• Another advantage of the described first brake circuit 1 is that the pressure built up in the wheel brake cylinders of the front wheels 3 and 4 is rapidly degradable again.
• a second supply line 60 extends to a separating valve 19 of the second brake circuit 2.
• a line 61 extends to a switching valve 10a of the second brake circuit 2 with a parallel bypass line with a check valve 44a.
• a line 63 is connected to the line 61, which opens at an intake valve 18 a of the second brake circuit 2.
• a check valve 64 is disposed between the branch point 62 and the suction valve 18a. At this time, the check valve 64 blocks a flow of the brake fluid from the branch point 67 to the branch point 62.
• the switching valve 10a of the second brake circuit 2 is connected via a line 47a to a pressure build-up valve 12a and via a branch point 48a arranged in the line 47a to a pressure build-up valve 11a.
• Each of the two pressure build-up valves 1 Ia and 12a is assigned to a wheel brake cylinder (not shown) of a brake caliper of a rear wheel 5 or 6.
• Of the pressure build-up valves 1 Ia and 12a extend lines 58a and 59a, which connect the pressure build-up valves I Ia and 12a, each with a wheel brake cylinder caliper of a rear wheel 5 or 6.
• a respective pressure reduction valve 13a or 14a is connected to the line 58a or 59a of the co-acting pressure build-up valve 11a or 12a.
• the pressure reducing valves 13a and 14a are connected via a branching point 55a to a line 52a which connects the pressure reducing valves 13a and 14a to a pump 15a.
• the line 52a opens at the suction side of the pump 15a.
• the conduit 52a has a spring-loaded check valve 17a.
• a hydraulic accumulator 16a is connected via a branch point 54a and the intake valve 18a of the second brake circuit 2 is connected to the line 52a via a branch point 53a.
• a line 65 which connects the pump 15a with the switching valve 10a.
• the line 65 opens at a branch point 51 a in the Lei tion 47a.
• a stepped piston arrangement 33 serving as external storage is also connected to the line 65 and thus to the pump 15a.
• the stepped piston arrangement 33 has a differential piston which comprises a storage volume 34 on its primary side and a piston 35 on the secondary side.
• the storage volume 34 is connected via a branch point 67 with the line 63, which connects the isolation valve 19 with the intake valve 18 a of the second brake circuit 2.
• the storage volume 34 may have a significantly larger cross-section with respect to the piston 35.
• the stepped piston assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 is but one possible example of an external memory useful for carrying out the steps described herein.
• the stepped piston assembly 33 may be equipped with a memory path sensor and / or a memory path switch.
• other measuring sensors for indirect detection of the memory contents of the stepped piston arrangement 33 are also conceivable.
• the valves 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, 18a and 19a of the second brake circuit 2 may be hydraulic valves.
• the isolation valve 19 is preferably a normally open valve. The following discussion will deal with the interaction of the separating valve 19, the check valve 64 and the stepped piston arrangement 33 serving as an external storage:
• the second brake circuit 2 can be decoupled from the master cylinder 9.
• the isolation valve 19 is formed so that when an open isolation valve 19, an operation of the brake pedal 8 leads to a pressure build-up in the wheel brake cylinders of the rear wheels 5 and 6. However, if the isolation valve 19 is closed, then the connection between the
• Master cylinder 9 and the second brake circuit 2 is interrupted and the second brake circuit 2 is disconnected from the master cylinder 9.
• a direct penetration of the master cylinder 9 to the wheel brake cylinder of the rear wheels 5 and 6 is after a decoupling of the second brake circuit
• the stepped piston assembly 33 has a primary side which provides a volume supply for the externally controlled active pressure buildup on the wheel brake cylinders of the rear wheels 5 and 6.
• the primary circuit of the second brake circuit 2 can be pressurized by pressure build-up on the secondary side of the stepped piston assembly 33 and the pump 15a precharged.
• the precharging of the pump 15a is also ensured by the check valve 64 arranged between the separating valve 19 and the stepped piston arrangement 33.
• the check valve 64 ensures, with a closed separating valve 19, a return flow of the braking medium via the branching point 62 into the stepped piston arrangement 33.
• the stepped piston assembly 33 has a volume design, which allows a safe filling of the wheel brake cylinder of the brake caliper of the rear wheels 5 and 6. An increased volume pick-up due to dynamic clearances, fading or similar effects can be taken into account.
• an area ratio which is significantly greater than 1 is present between the primary side and the secondary side. In this way, the volume consumption for the precharge can be minimized.
• valves 10a, I Ia, 12a, 13a, 14a and 18a of the second brake circuit 2 are not energized eelement in a driving situation in which the driver, the brake pedal 8 or another brake input, not energized.
• the isolation valve 19 is open in this driving situation and the hydraulic connection between the master brake cylinders 9 and the wheel brake cylinders of the brake calipers of the rear wheels 5 and 6 is present.
• a current signal can be output from a control (not shown) to the normally open isolation valve 19. This causes a closing of the separating valve 19 and thus a decoupling of the brake calipers of the rear wheels 5 and 6 of the master cylinder 9. If this situation prevails, so brakes the driver via the brake pedal 8 or via the other brake input element only in the first brake circuit 1 directly into it , In this case, the braking request of the driver via a suitable, not described in detail here sensor can be detected and evaluated with respect to a desired total brake pressure. At the same time, the brake system present in the first brake circuit 1 on the front wheels 3 and 4 can be determined pressure. Subsequently, a difference between the desired total brake pressure and the brake pressure present in the first brake circuit 1 can be calculated.
• a brake pressure corresponding to the calculated difference is set active on the rear wheels 5 and 6.
• the intake valve 18a of the second brake circuit 2 is opened and the changeover valve 1 Oa for setting a differential pressure in the second brake circuit 2 is closed.
• the pump 15 a a volume of a brake medium from the stepped piston arrangement 33 is conveyed into the wheel brake calipers of the rear wheels 5 and 6.
• the pumping of the brake fluid into the wheel brake cylinders of the brake calipers of the rear wheels 5 and 6 takes place until the desired brake pressure at the rear wheels 5 and 6 is present.
• the method steps described here provide an improved pedal feel, since a desired by the driver total braking torque is met more accurately. In addition, a shorter pedal travel can be realized via the described method steps.
• recuperative braking In order to perform recuperative braking with a sufficient braking effect with a generator-driven electric motor, a vehicle must have a certain minimum speed. The sole actuation of a generator-operated electric motor is thus not enough to decelerate a moving vehicle to a stop. In order to enable a braking distance with a recuperative braking system, which corresponds to that of a conventional braking system, a conventional braking system at low speeds should compensate for the lost braking effect of the recuperative brake by means of a higher braking torque.
• recuperative brake it is advantageous to achieve the highest possible degree of recuperation in certain operating states of a vehicle. This can be achieved by switching back to the decoupled generator as a recuperative brake reappears and the braking effect is shifted back towards the recuperative brake.
• a not constant, but known braking torque of the generator-operated electric motor In a recuperative braking with concurrent blending acts on the rear wheels 5 and 6, a not constant, but known braking torque of the generator-operated electric motor. At the same time, as described above, the total braking torque desired by the driver and the braking torque applied to the front wheels 3 and 4 can be determined. A computer can thus calculate a difference between the desired total braking torque and the sum of the recuperative braking torque and the brake torque applied to the front wheels 3 and 4. By decoupling the second brake circuit 2 from the master brake cylinder 9 and driving the pump 15, a hydraulic braking torque corresponding to the difference can then be adjusted according to the above-described procedure on the rear wheels 5 and 6.
• the setting of the hydraulic brake pressure at the rear wheels 5 and 6 can be effected by a pressure position via a delta-p control of the switching valve 10a.
• a pressure control of the hydraulic brake pressure by means of at least one of the rear wheels 5 and 6 and / or in the second brake circuit 2 arranged pressure sensor is possible.
• the process steps performed for veneering do not require any additional actuation of the brake pedal 8 by the driver.
• the driver does not have to undertake the task of a deceleration controller by means of a stronger or weaker actuation of the brake pedal 8.
• the driver does not perceive the blending directly and is therefore not impaired in its ride comfort.
• the blending furthermore has hardly any influence on a braking distance of the vehicle.
• a highly dynamic braking is also possible.
• the isolation valve 19 can be kept deliberately open.
• a volume of the brake fluid from the master cylinder 9 with the predetermined by the driver via the operation of the brake pedal 8 dynamics in the wheel brake of the Brake calipers of the rear wheels 5 and 6 shifted.
• the pressure build-up dynamics on the rear wheels 5 and 6 is no longer dependent on the pump 15a in this case.
• the Anbremsdynamik is thus comparable to that of a conventional brake system.
• the braking device also allows a fast executable braking.
• the intake valve 18 is closed and the switching valve 1 Oa is opened according to the decreasing braking request.
• the braking medium flows comparatively quickly back into the stepped piston arrangement 33.
• the braking device illustrated in FIG. 5, in particular in comparison with a brake-by-wire brake system, can be produced cost-effectively.
• the performed veneering operations to achieve sufficient Rekuperationseff ⁇ zienz do not require expensive additional components of the braking device.
• the braking device shown in Fig. 5 can be equipped in an advantageous development with the explained with reference to FIGS. 3 or 4 additional components. Since a person skilled in such an extension of the braking device shown in Fig. 5 on the basis of the description of Fig. 3 or 4 is easy to understand, will not be discussed in more detail here. For the advantages of such a development, reference is made to the upper text passages.

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• 2008
  • 2008-09-02 DE DE102008041760A patent/DE102008041760A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2009
  • 2009-05-25 KR KR1020107027771A patent/KR20110020802A/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-05-25 US US12/991,374 patent/US8651586B2/en active Active
  • 2009-05-25 EP EP09761595A patent/EP2288525A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-05-25 WO PCT/EP2009/056304 patent/WO2009150032A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-05-25 JP JP2011512919A patent/JP2011524833A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-05-25 CN CN200980121978.0A patent/CN102056779B/zh active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-12-16 JP JP2013259164A patent/JP2014051285A/ja active Pending

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