EP2270245B1 - Warmarbeitsstahl und Stahlprodukt damit - Google Patents

Warmarbeitsstahl und Stahlprodukt damit Download PDF

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EP2270245B1
EP2270245B1 EP10006150.6A EP10006150A EP2270245B1 EP 2270245 B1 EP2270245 B1 EP 2270245B1 EP 10006150 A EP10006150 A EP 10006150A EP 2270245 B1 EP2270245 B1 EP 2270245B1
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mass
steel
amount
die
thermal conductivity
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EP2270245A1 (de
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Masamichi Kawano
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Daido Steel Co Ltd
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Daido Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hot work tool steel and a steel product using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hot work tool steel capable of improving the thermal conductivity as compared with general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61) and having a higher impact value than that of general-purpose die steel while maintaining machinability at a level equal to or higher than that of general-purpose die steel, and a steel product using the same.
  • JIS SKD61 general-purpose die steel
  • JIS SKD61 As regards a die material used for die casting, hot forging and warm forging, JIS SKD61 excellent in machinability is being used for general purposes.
  • JIS SKD61 has a low thermal conductivity and in turn carries a problem that the die temperature tends to be high and the die life is decreased due to frequent occurrence of soldering or heat checking.
  • microstructure refinement of JIS SKD61 becomes difficult because of its high transformation temperature of bainitic transformation under the condition of small cooling rate (so called hardenability), and this leads to a significant decrease in toughness. Therefore, JIS SKD61 is disadvantageous in that heat checking is promoted and the die life is further shortened. Under these circumstances, a hot work tool steel superior in the thermal conductivity and impact value to JIS SKD61 is demanded in industry.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a hot work tool steel excellent in transformation behavior (hardenability) and creep property and substitutable for JIS SKD61, which is a steel containing, as essential components, C: from 0.30 to 0.38 wt%, Si: from 0.10 to 0.40 wt%, Mn: from 0.60 to 0.80 wt%, Cr: from 5.40 to 5.70 wt%, Mo: from 1.50 to 1.70 wt%, and V: from 0.70 to 0.85 wt%, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a die for width sizing of a hot slab, improved in wear resistance and heat crack resistance by introducing a thermal shock factor K, which is a steel containing, in terms of wt%, C: from 0.1 to 0.5%, Si: from 0.1 to 1.5%, Mn: from 0.2 to 1.5%, Ni: 5.0% or less, Cr: from 0.5 to 5.0%, Mo: 1.5% or less, V: 1.0% or less, and Cu: 0.2% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
  • K thermal shock factor K
  • C is a steel containing, in terms of wt%, C: from 0.1 to 0.5%, Si: from 0.1 to 1.5%, Mn: from 0.2 to 1.5%, Ni: 5.0% or less, Cr: from 0.5 to 5.0%, Mo: 1.5% or less, V: 1.0% or less, and Cu: 0.2% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a hot work tool steel with excellent low cycle fatigue property obtained by electroslag remelting, which is a steel containing, in terms of wt%, C: from 0.32 to 0.42%, Si: from 0.10 to 1.20%, Mn: from 0.10 to 0.50%, Cr: from 4.50 to 5.50%, Mo: from 1.00 to 1.50%, V: from 0.30 to 0.80%, P: 0.010% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Ni: 1.00% or less, Co: 1.00% or less, and W: 1.00% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
  • Patent Document 4 discloses a hot work tool steel succeeded in enhancing all of wear resistance, cracking resistance and chipping resistance of a practical die, which is a steel containing, in terms of wt%, C: from 0.15 to 0.80%, Si: less than 0.10%, Mn: 3.0% or less, one member or two or members out ofNi: 4.0% or less, Cr: 10.0% or less and Cu: 3.0% or less, one member or two or more members out of Mo: 5.0% or less, W: 5.0% or less, V: 3.0% or less, Ti: 1.0% or less, Nb: 1.0% or less, Zr: 1.0% or less and Co: 5.0% or less, S: 0.005% or less, P: 0. 015% or less, and O: 0.0030% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
  • Patent Document 5 discloses an alloy tool steel excellent in hot workability and fatigue property, which is a steel containing, in terms of wt%, C: from 0.35 to 1.50%, Si: from 0.1 to 2.0%, Mn: from 0.1 to 1.5%, Cr: from 2.0 to 10.0%, one member or two or more members out of 2Mo+W: from 1.5 to 30.0% and V: from 0.5 to 5.0%, REM: from 0.001 to 0.60%, and one member or two or more members out of Co: from 1.0 to 20.0%, Ni: from 0.01 to 2.0%, Cu: from 0.25 to 1.0% and B: from 0.001 to 0.050%, and being bound by a restriction to S: 0.0020% or less, O: 0.0030% or less, N: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.020% or less and P: 0.020% or less, with the balance substantially being Fe.
  • Patent Document 6 discloses a die steel succeeded in improving the thermal fatigue property and softening resistance and thereby making it possible to suppress heat checking and cracking of a cooling water hole and enhance the die life, which is a steel containing, in terms of mass%, C: from 0.1 to 0.6%, Si: from 0.01 to 0.8%, Mn: from 0.1 to 2.5%, Cu: from 0.01 to 2.0%, Ni: from 0.01 to 2.0%, Cr: from 0.1 to 2.0%, Mo: from 0.01 to 2.0%, one member or two or more members out of V, W, Nb and Ta: from 0.01 to 2.0% in total, Al: from 0.002 to 0.04%, N: from 0.002 to 0.04%, and O: 0.005% or less, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • Patent Document 7 discloses an inexpensive die steel for plastic molding, satisfying both machinability and thermal conductivity, which is a steel containing C: from 0.25 to 0.45%, Si: less than 0.3%, Mn: from 0.5 to 2%, S: from 0.01 to 0.05%, and sol. Al: 0.02% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein one or more of Cr of up to 0.5% and V of less than 0.2% may be contained.
  • Patent Document 8 discloses a prehardened steel for a die-casting die, enabling extension of the die-casting die life, which is a steel containing, in terms of the content by mass, from 0.15 to 0.35% of C, from 0.05% to less than 0.20% of Si, from 0.05 to 1.50% of Mn, 0.020% or less of P, 0.013% or less of S, 0.10% or less of Cu, 0.20% or less ofNi, from 0.20 to 2.50% of Cr, from 0.50 to 3.00% of Mo, from 0.05 to 0.30% in total of V and Nb, from 0.020 to 0.040% of Al, 0.003% or less of O, and from 0.010 to 0.020% of N, with the balance substantially being Fe.
  • Patent Document 9 discloses a steel for press die, having high thermal fatigue property, which is a steel containing C: from 0.10 to 0.45 wt%, Si: from 0.10 to 2.0 wt%, Mn: from 0.10 to 2.0 wt%, Mo: from 0.50 to 3.0 wt% and V: from 0.50 to 0.80 wt%, and further containing Cr: from 3.0 to 8.0 wt% and Ni: from 0.05 to 1.2 wt%, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • Patent Document 10 discloses a die steel with good spheroidization annealability and good machinability, ensuring that satisfactory quenching and desired impact value are obtained and the die life is enhanced, which is a steel having a composition containing, in terms of mass%, C: from 0.2 to 0.6%, Si: from 0.01 to 1.5%, Mn: from 0.1 to 2.0%, Cu: from 0.01 to 2.0%, Ni: from 0.01 to 2.0%, Cr: from 0.1 to 8.0%, Mo: from 0.01 to 5.0%, one member or two or more members out of V, W, Nb and Ta: from 0.01 to 2.0% in total, Al: from 0.002 to 0.04%, N: from 0.002 to 0.04%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 10 are not a steel satisfying both the thermal conductivity and the impact value that the present invention intends to achieve.
  • Patent Document 1 the thermal conductivity is neither suggested nor disclosed, and decrease of impact value due to excess V may be feared. Also, in Patent Document 1, serious deterioration of machinability due to too little Si and difficulty of working into a die shape may be feared.
  • Patent Document 2 reduction of thermal conductivity due to excess Si and deterioration of machinability due to too little Si may be feared. Furthermore, in Patent Document 2, decrease of impact value due to too little Mn or too little Cr may be feared.
  • Patent Documents 3 to 5 thermal conductivity is neither suggested nor disclosed.
  • insufficient transformation behavior (hardenability) and decrease of impact value due to too little Mn may be feared.
  • deterioration of machinability due to too little Si may be feared.
  • decrease of impact value due to too little Cr or too little or excess V may be feared.
  • insufficient transformation behavior (hardenability) or decrease of impact value due to too little Mn reduction of high-temperature strength due to too little Mo, or decrease of impact value due to too little or excess V may be feared.
  • Patent Documents 6 to 8 deterioration of transformation behavior (hardenability) or decrease of hardness or impact value due to too little Cr may be feared.
  • Patent Documents 9 and 10 deterioration of machinability due to too little Si, reduction of thermal conductivity due to excess Si, or decrease of impact value due to too little Cr may be feared.
  • Document EP 2 065 483 A1 discloses a hot-working tool steel comprising the following components (by mass): 0.34-0.40 % C; 0.3-0.5 % Si; 0.45-0.75 % Mn; less than 0.5 % Ni; 4.9-5.5 % Cr; 2.5-2.9 % Mo+1 ⁇ 2W; and 0.5-0.7 % V, with the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the present invention has been made in consideration of these circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hot work tool steel superior in thermal conductivity to general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61) and assured of a higher impact value than that of general-purpose die steel while maintaining machinability at a level equal to or higher than that of general-purpose die steel.
  • JIS SKD61 general-purpose die steel
  • the general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61) has excellent machinability but is low in the thermal conductivity and impact value. Therefore, a steel enhanced in all of machinability, thermal conductivity and impact value is being demanded in industry, but in general, there is a relationship that when machinability is improved, thermal conductivity is reduced and when the thermal conductivity is enhanced, machinability becomes poor. Accordingly, a steel satisfying the properties that the present invention requires in terms of all of machinability, thermal conductivity and impact value has not been heretofore proposed.
  • the present inventors have made intensive studies to more improve the thermal conductivity than in the general-purpose die steel and attain a higher impact value than that of the general-purpose die steel while maintaining machinability at a level equal to or higher than that of the general-purpose die steel. As a result, it has been found that:
  • the present invention has been accomplished based on this finding.
  • the present invention provides a hot work tool steel containing:
  • examples of the unavoidable impurities include W ⁇ 0.30 mass%, Co ⁇ 0.30 mass%, Nb ⁇ 0.004 mass%, Ta ⁇ 0.004 mass%, Ti ⁇ 0.004 mass%, Zr ⁇ 0.004 mass%, Al ⁇ 0.004 mass%, N ⁇ 0.004 mass%, Cu ⁇ 0.15 mass%, Ni ⁇ 0.15 mass%, B ⁇ 0.0010 mass%, S ⁇ 0.010 mass%, Ca ⁇ 0.0005 mass%, Se ⁇ 0.03 mass%, Te ⁇ 0.005 mass%, Bi ⁇ 0.01 mass%, Pb ⁇ 0.03 mass%, Mg ⁇ 0.005 mass%, and O ⁇ 0.0080 mass%.
  • the hot work tool steel according to the present invention may further contains:
  • the hot work tool steel according to the present invention may further contains:
  • the hot work tool steel according to the present invention may further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of:
  • the hot work tool steel according to the present invention may further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of:
  • the hot work tool steel according to the present invention may further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of:
  • a steel product according to the present invention uses the hot work tool steel according to the present invention.
  • steel product indicates, for example, a die-casting die, a hot forging die, or a warm forging die, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the hot work tool steel of the present invention and a steel product using the same have the above-described component composition and therefore, produce an effect that more excellent thermal conductivity and a higher impact value than in the general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61) are ensured while maintaining machinability equal to or higher than that of the general-purpose die steel, that is, an unprecedented effect of ensuring excellent balance among respective properties of machinability, thermal conductivity and impact value.
  • JIS SKD61 general-purpose die steel
  • the Si amount is optimized and furthermore, the Mn amount, Cr amount, Mo amount and V amount are optimized, so that more excellent thermal productivity than that of the general-purpose die steel can be obtained and at the same time, machinability equal to or higher than that of the general-purpose die steel can be ensured. Accordingly, there is an effect that the hot work tool steel of the present invention has not only high thermal conductivity but also low transformation temperature of bainitic transformation under the condition of small cooling rate (so called hardenability) and a high impact value. Thanks to this effect, in the case of the hot work tool steel of the present invention, the cost required for die processing is kept from becoming higher than that for the general-purpose die steel. Also, the hot work tool steel of the present invention hardly causes soldering or heat check, as a result, a long die life can obtained and reduction of production cost and enhancement of productivity in die casting or hot and/or warm forging can be attained.
  • the hot work tool steel according to one embodiment of the present invention and a steel product using the same are described below.
  • the hot work tool steel according to this embodiment contains, as essential elements, C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo and V, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the hot work tool steel according to this embodiment contains, for example, W, Co, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Al, N, Cu, Ni, B, S, Ca, Se, Te, Bi, Pb, Mg and O as unavoidable impurities.
  • all the percentages defined by mass are the same as those defined by weight, respectively.
  • C is an essential element necessary for adjusting the strength of the steel. If the C amount is less than 0.20 mass%, the required hardness of 36 HRC or more can be hardly obtained, whereas if the C amount exceeds 0.50 mass%, the hardness tends to be saturated and at the same time, the carbide amount becomes excessive to deteriorate the fatigue strength or impact value. Because of excellent balance of hardness, fatigue strength and impact value, the C amount is 0.28 ⁇ C ⁇ 0.42 mass%.
  • Si is an essential element necessary for adjusting the machinability of the steel. If the Si amount is 0.40 mass% or less, it becomes difficult to ensure machinability equal to or higher than that of the general-purpose die steel. If the Si amount is 0.75 mass% or more, significant reduction of the thermal conductivity is incurred. For this reason, the Si amount is set to 0.40 ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.75 mass%.
  • the Si amount is preferably 0.44 ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.70 mass%, more preferably 0.48 ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.65 mass%, where machinability and thermal conductivity are well-balanced.
  • Mn is an essential element for improving the transformation behavior (hardenability). If the Mn amount is 0.50 mass% or less, the effect of decreasing the transformation temperature and refining microstructure is insufficient and therefore it is difficult to ensure hardness or impact value. If the Mn amount exceeds 1.50 mass%, not only the impact value is rather decreased but also a high thermal conductivity can be hardly maintained. The Mn amount is set to 0.65 ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1.20 mass%, whereby hardness and impact value can be ensured and at the same time, high thermal conductivity is obtained.
  • Cr is an essential element for improving the transformation behavior (hardenability) and at the same time, increasing the strength of the steel by forming a carbide. If the Cr amount is less than 5.24 mass%, the effect of decreasing the transformation temperature and refining microstructure is not sufficient and the hardness and impact value cannot be sufficiently obtained. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance required of a die-casting die that is exposed to a corrosion environment is higher as the Cr amount is larger. On the other hand, if the Cr amount exceeds 9.00 mass%, it becomes difficult to maintain a high thermal conductivity. For this reason, the Cr amount is set to 5.24 ⁇ Cr ⁇ 9.00 mass%. Also, the Cr amount is preferably 5.40 ⁇ Cr ⁇ 8.40 mass%, more preferably 5.55 ⁇ Cr ⁇ 7.80 mass%, where the hardness, impact value and corrosion resistance are ensured and at the same time, a high thermal conductivity is obtained.
  • Mo is an essential element not only for improving the transformation behavior (hardenability), but also for increasing the strength of the steel by forming a carbide, particularly for enhancing the high-temperature strength. If the Mo amount is 1.08 mass% or less, satisfactory high-temperature strength is not obtained, whereas if the Mo amount is 2.99 mass% or more, the high-temperature strength tends to be saturated and at the same time, a significant rise in the cost impairs the profitability. For this reason, the Mo amount is set to 1.08 ⁇ Mo ⁇ 2.50 mass%. Also, the Mo amount is preferably 1.15 ⁇ Mo ⁇ 2.50 mass%, more preferably 1.20 ⁇ Mo ⁇ 2.50 mass%.
  • V is an essential element not only for improving the transformation behavior (hardenability), but also for increasing the strength of the steel by forming a carbide, particularly for enhancing the high-temperature strength. If the V amount is 0.30 mass% or less, austenitic grain is readily coarsened at the quenching to decrease the impact value, whereas if the V amount is 0.70 mass% or more, the coarse carbide amount becomes excessive and this deteriorates the impact value. For this reason, the V amount is set to 0.30 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.70 mass%. Also, the V amount is preferably 0.40 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.67 mass%, more preferably 0.50 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.64 mass%, whereby softening resistance can be ensured and at the same time, fatigue strength and impact value can be satisfactorily obtained.
  • the hot work tool steel according to this embodiment may further contain, as selective elements:
  • W is a selective element that can be added so as to increase the strength by the precipitation of a carbide (precipitation hardening). If the W amount is less than 0.30 mass%, the effect of increasing the strength is small, whereas if the W amount exceeds 4.00 mass%, this incurs saturation of the effect and a significant rise in cost. For this reason, the W amount is set to 0.30 ⁇ W ⁇ 4.00 mass%.
  • Co is a selective element that can be added so as to increase the strength by the solid solution in the matrix (solid solution hardening). If the Co amount is less than 0.30 mass%, the effect of increasing the strength is small, whereas if the Co amount exceeds 3.00 mass%, this incurs saturation of the effect and a significant rise in cost. For this reason, the Co amount is set to 0.30 ⁇ Co ⁇ 3.00 mass%.
  • Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Al and N are a selective element that can be added so as to increase the strength and toughness by refining the austenitic grains at the quenching (grain refining).
  • the amount added is less than the predetermined amount, the effect of improving the strength and toughness is small, whereas if it exceeds the predetermined amount, a carbide, a nitride or an oxide is excessively produced, and this rather incurs reduction of toughness.
  • Cu, Ni and B are a selective element that can be added so as to improve the transformation behavior (hardenability).
  • the amount added is less than the predetermined amount, the effect of improving the quenchability is small, whereas if it exceeds the predetermined amount, the effect is saturated and the practical benefit is poor.
  • excessive addition gives rise to reduction of the thermal conductivity.
  • S, Ca, Se, Te, Bi and Pb are a selective element that can be added so as to improve the machinability (machinability enhancement).
  • machinability enhancement a selective element that can be added so as to improve the machinability (machinability enhancement).
  • the amount added is less than the predetermined amount, the effect of improving the machinability is small, whereas if it exceeds the predetermined amount, hot workability is significantly deteriorated to cause frequent occurrence of cracking in plastic working and therefore the productivity and yield are reduced.
  • the minimal amount thereof present in the steel is the smallest non-zero amount used in the Examples of the developed steels as summarized in Table 1 and 2.
  • the maximum amount thereof present in the steel is the maximum amount used in the Examples of the developed steels as summarized in Table 1 and 2.
  • the steel according to this embodiment can be obtained, for example, by the following procedure, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the raw materials blended to give the predetermined components above are melted, and the melt is cast in a casting mold to obtain an ingot.
  • a homogenization heat treatment and hot working are performed to homogenize the components of the obtained ingot and break the cast structure.
  • optimal conditions for each processing are preferably selected according to the components.
  • the homogenization heat treatment is usually performed by holding the ingot at 1,100 to 1,500°C for approximately from 10 to 30 hours.
  • the hot working is usually performed at 1,000 to 1,300°C, and after the completion of working, the ingot is air-cooled.
  • the steel according to this embodiment has relatively good transformation behavior (hardenability) and therefore, is often hardened at the air cooling after hot working due to occurrence of bainitic transformation or martensitic transformation. Therefore, the material is preferably softened by performing tempering and spheroidization annealing after the working and then subjected to rough machining.
  • tempering conditions optimal conditions are preferably selected according to the components.
  • the tempering is usually performed by holding the material at 600 to 750°C for approximately from 1 to 10 hours.
  • the spheroidization annealing is preferably performed to give a steel hardness of approximately from 90 to 97 HRB.
  • the spheroidization annealing is usually performed by holding the material at 800 to 950°C for approximately from 1 to 10 hours and then cooling it at a rate of 5 to 30°C per 1 hour.
  • the rough machining is performed by mechanically working the softened material into a predetermined shape.
  • the thermal treatment is performed for adjusting the roughly machined material to a desired hardness.
  • optimal conditions for each processing are preferably selected according to the components and required properties.
  • the quenching is usually performed by holding the material at 1,000 to 1,050°C for 0.5 to 5 hours and then rapidly cooling it.
  • the rapidly cooling method is not particularly limited, and an optimal method is preferably selected according to the purpose. Examples of the rapidly cooling method include water cooling, oil cooling and air blast cooling.
  • the tempering is usually performed by holding the material at 500 to 650°C for 1 to 10 hours.
  • the material thermally treated to a desired hardness is subjected to finish machining.
  • the Si amount is optimized, so that machinability equal to or higher than that of the general-purpose die steel can be ensured and a thermal conductivity more excellent than in the general purpose die steel can be obtained.
  • the Mn amount, Cr amount, Mo amount and V amount are optimized and therefore, an excellent thermal conductivity and a high impact value as compared with the general-purpose die steel are obtained while ensuring machinability equal to or higher than that of the general-purpose die steel. Therefore, the hot work tool steel of the present invention can keep the cost of die working from becoming higher than in using the general-purpose steel. Furthermore, the hot work tool steel of this invention hardly causes soldering or heat checking, as a result, a long die life can obtained and reduction of production cost and enhancement of productivity in die casting or hot and/or warm forging can be attained.
  • Example B For producing each invention steel in Example B below, Examples 1 to 5 were performed to examine the preferred Si amount, Mn amount, Cr amount, Mo amount and V amount.
  • the preferred Si amount was examined and is described below by referring to Figs. 1 and 2 .
  • Fig. 1 shows the distance machined by a cutting tool until the end of its life, with respect to the Si amount when cutting a steel composed of 0.35 mass% of C, 0.82 mass% of Mn, 5.73 mass% of Cr, 1.21 mass% of Mo, 0.62 mass% of V and x mass% of Si.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the distance (mm) machined.
  • the specimen for evaluation of machinability was a square bar of 55 mm x 55 mm x 200 mm (produced by the same procedure as in Example B and softened to a hardness of 90 to 97 HRB by spheroidization annealing), and the time when the maximum wear volume on the side clearance face of the cutting tool reached 300 ⁇ m was judged as the end of life. A larger machined distance is indicative of better machining and is preferred.
  • the machined distance increases with an increase of the Si amount and therefore, in view of enhancing machinability, the Si amount is preferably larger.
  • decrease in the machined distance is pronounced when the Si amount is 0.40 mass% or less. Therefore, from the standpoint of ensuring machinability, the Si amount is preferably more than 0.40 mass%, more preferably 0.44 mass% or more, still more preferably 0.48 mass% or more.
  • the Si amount is 0.75 mass% or more, the improvement effect is not noticeable.
  • FIG. 2 shows the thermal conductivity measured at room temperature by a laser flash method, with respect to the Si amount.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the thermal conductivity (W/m/K). A larger thermal conductivity is indicative of higher cooling ability of a die formed and is preferred.
  • the thermal conductivity is reduced with an increase of the Si amount and when the Si amount exceeds 0.80 mass%, the thermal conductivity is reduced to such extent that there is almost no difference as compared with the general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61 (thermal conductivity: 24 W/m/K)). Therefore, from the standpoint of obtaining a thermal conductivity higher than that of the general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61 (thermal conductivity: 24 W/m/K)), a value of less than 0.75 mass% is selected as the upper limit of the Si amount.
  • a high thermal conductivity of 28.3 W/m/K or more is obtained when the Si amount is from 0.10 to 0.40 mass%, and a good thermal conductivity of 26 W/m/K or more is obtained when the Si amount is from 0.10 to 0.70 mass%.
  • the thermal conductivity is reduced with an increase of the Si amount, in view of comparison with the general-purpose die steel; the upper limit of the Si amount can be set to be less than 0.75 mass%. From the standpoint of increasing the thermal conductivity, the Si amount is more preferably 0.70 mass% or less, still more preferably 0.65 mass% or less.
  • the preferred Mn amount was examined and is described below by referring to Figs. 3 and 4 .
  • Fig. 3 plots the impact value at room temperature of a steel composed of 0.32 mass% of C, 0.42 mass% of Si, 5.03 mass% of Cr, 1.22 mass% of Mo, 0.60 mass% of V and x mass% of Mn, with respect to the Mn amount.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the impact value (J/cm 2 ).
  • the specimen for evaluation of impact value was a square bar of 11 mm x 11 mm x 55 mm (produced by the same procedure as in Example B and softened to a hardness of 90 to 97 HRB by spheroidization annealing), which was heated at 1,030°C and then treated to 49 HRC through rapid cooling and tempering.
  • a JIS No. 3 impact test specimen of 10 mm x 10 mm x 55 mm was produced from the square bar above and measured for the impact value. A larger impact value is indicative of higher cracking resistance of a die formed and is preferred.
  • the impact value is relatively low when the Mn amount is 0.50 mass% or less. Also, according to Fig. 3 , the impact value is enhanced with an increase of the Mn amount but is decreased when it exceeds 1.50 mass%.
  • an impact value of 30 J/cm 2 or more is obtained when the Mn amount is 0.45 mass% and 0.55 mass%. Therefore, a value of 0.50 mass% in-between the Mn amounts of 0.45 mass% and 0.55 mass% is taken as the lower limit of the Mn amount. Also, according to Fig. 3 , an impact value of 31 J/cm 2 or more is obtained when the Mn amount is 0.65 mass% or more. However, according to Fig. 3 , when the Mn amount exceeds 1.50 mass%, the impact value is decreased, though the value is kept at a good level.
  • Fig. 4 plots the thermal conductivity at room temperature of the same material as in Fig. 3 , with respect to the Mn amount.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the thermal conductivity (W/m/K).
  • the measurement of the thermal conductivity was performed by a laser flash method similarly to Example 1.
  • the thermal conductivity is reduced with an increase of the Mn amount.
  • the Mn amount can be 1.50 mass% or less for obtaining a thermal conductivity of 26 W/m/K or more leading to an improvement of the cooling ability as compared with JIS SKD61 (thermal conductivity: 24 W/m/K), can be 1.35 mass% or less for obtaining 26.4 W/m/K or more leading to a further improvement of the cooling ability, and can be 1.20 mass% or less for obtaining 26.8 W/m/K or more leading to a still further improvement of the cooling ability.
  • the preferred Cr amount was examined and is described below by referring to Figs. 5 and 6 .
  • Fig. 5 plots the impact value at room temperature of a steel composed of 0.35 mass% of C, 0.51 mass% of Si, 0.84 mass% of Mn, 1.22 mass% of Mo, 0.61 mass% of V and x mass% of Cr and treated to 49 HRC, with respect to the Cr amount.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the impact value (J/cm 2 ).
  • the production of specimen and the measurement of impact value were performed in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • the impact value increases with an increase of the Cr amount.
  • the Cr amount can be 5.24 mass% or more for obtaining an impact value of 27.2 J/cm 2 or more. Therefore, in view of ensuring the impact value, the lower limit of the Cr amount is set to be 5.24 mass% or more.
  • the Cr amount is less than 5 mass%, the decrease of impact value is pronounced.
  • Fig. 6 plots the thermal conductivity at room temperature of a steel composed of 0.21 mass% of C, 0.41 mass% of Si, 0.52 mass% of Mn, 1.22 mass% of Mo, 0.61 mass% of V and x mass% of Cr, with respect to the Cr amount.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the thermal conductivity (W/m/K).
  • the measurement of the thermal conductivity was performed by a laser flash method similarly to Example 1.
  • the thermal conductivity is reduced with an increase of the Cr amount.
  • the Cr amount can be 9.00 mass% or less for obtaining a thermal conductivity of 25 W/m/K or more leading to an improvement of the cooling ability as compared with JIS SKD61 (thermal conductivity: 24 W/m/K), can be 8.40 mass% or less for obtaining 25.6 W/m/K or more leading to an improvement of the cooling ability, and can be 7.80 mass% or less for obtaining 26.3 W/m/K or more leading to a further improvement of the cooling ability.
  • the Cr can be 6.70 mass% or less for obtaining a thermal conductivity of 28 W/m/K or more leading to a remarkable improvement of the cooling ability as compared with JIS SKD61.
  • Fig. 7 shows the high-temperature strength (deformation resistance at 600°C) of a steel composed of 0.35 mass% of C, 0.47 mass% of Si, 0.83 mass% of Mn, 5.74 mass% of Cr, 0.59 mass% of V and x mass% of Mo, with respect to the Mo amount.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the high-temperature strength (MPa).
  • the specimen for measurement of deformation resistance was a round bar of ⁇ 15 mm x 50 mm (produced by the same procedure as in Example B and softened to a hardness of 90 to 97 HRB by spheroidization annealing), which was heated at 1,030°C and treated to 45 HRC through rapid cooling and tempering. From this round bar, a specimen of ⁇ 14 mm x 21 mm for measurement of deformation resistance was produced. The specimen was heated to 600°C at 5°C/s and after holding for 100 s, measured for the deformation resistance by working it at a strain speed of 10 s -1 .
  • the deformation resistance measured in this way is defined as a strength at 600°C (high-temperature strength) and plotted with respect to the Mo amount (see, Fig. 7 ). A higher deformation resistance is indicative of higher strength and in turn less wearing and is therefore preferred.
  • the high-temperature strength increases with an increase of the Mo amount.
  • the Mo amount is more than 1.08 mass% (corresponding to the content in JIS SKD61)
  • the increase of high-temperature strength enables obtaining a relatively high degree of high-temperature strength (>930 MPa).
  • the Mo amount is from 1.25 to 3 mass%
  • the increase of high-temperature strength becomes gentle
  • the Mo amount is 3 mass% or more
  • the increase of high-temperature strength is saturated. Therefore, in the range of the MO amount of 1.25 mass% or less where the increasing tendency of high-temperature strength becomes gentle, the Mo amount is, for example, preferably more than 1.15 mass%, more preferably 1.20 mass% or more.
  • the Mo amount can be 1.23 mass% or more for obtaining a high-temperature strength of 950 MPa or more, and can be 2.5 mass% or more for obtaining 970 MPa or more.
  • an Mo amount of 3 mass% or more incurs a significant rise in cost. Therefore, in view of cost reduction, the Mo amount is preferably less than 2.99 mass%, more preferably 2.80 mass% or less, still- more preferably 2.50 mass% or less.
  • Fig. 8 shows the impact value of a steel composed of 0.34 mass% of C, 0.49 mass% of Si, 0.82 mass% of Mn, 5.75 mass% of Cr, 1.23 mass% of Mo and x mass% of V and treated to 48 HRC, with respect to the V amount.
  • the numerical values at each plotted point are such that the numerical value on the upper side indicates the x value (mass%) and the numerical value on the lower side indicates the impact value (J/cm 2 ).
  • the production of specimen and the measurement of impact value were performed in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • Fig. 8 when the V amount is varied in the range of from 0.1 to 1 mass%, a good impact value (20 J/cm 2 or more) is obtained irrespective of the amount.
  • the deflection point exists in the vicinity of a V amount of 0.30 mass% and in the vicinity of a V amount of 0.70 mass%. Therefore, when the V amount is set to be from more than 0.30 mass% to less than 0.70 mass%, this is considered to contribute to improvement of transformation behavior (hardenability) and realization of high strength of the steel by the formation of a carbide.
  • Fig. 8 when the V amount is set to be from more than 0.30 mass% to less than 0.70 mass%, this is considered to contribute to improvement of transformation behavior (hardenability) and realization of high strength of the steel by the formation of a carbide.
  • the V amount is preferably 0.30 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.70 mass%.
  • the V amount can be 0.40 mass% or more for obtaining an impact value of 31 J/cm 2 or more, and can be 0.50 mass% or more for obtaining 34 J/cm 2 or more.
  • Example A Based on the examination results of Example A, invention steels and comparison steels were produced and evaluated, and this is described below.
  • the obtained ingot was subjected to a homogenization treatment at 1,240°C. Thereafter, a rectangular block having a cross-section of 310 mm x 660 mm was produced by hot forging.
  • the rectangular block was tempered at 700°C, then heated to 900°C and gradually cooled, whereby the rectangular block was softened to a hardness of 90 to 97 HRB. From the resulting rectangular block, a die-casting die of about 700 kg was machined out.
  • This die-casting die was heated to 1,030°C in vacuum and after holding for 1 hour, quenched by spraying a nitrogen gas. The die-casting die was then treated to about 42 HRC through tempering at 580 to 610°C.
  • the high-temperature strength was measured as follows. A specimen of ⁇ 14 mm x 21 mm was cut out from the die-casting die. The obtained specimen was heated to 600°C at 5°C/s and after holding for 100 s, then measured for the deformation resistance by working it at a strain rate of 10 s -1 . The results are shown in Table 3.
  • the thermal conductivity was measured as follows. A specimen of ⁇ 10 mm x 2 mm was cut out from the die-casting die, and the thermal conductivity of the obtained specimen was measured at room temperature by a laser flash method. The results are shown in Table 3.
  • the impact value was measured as follows. A JIS No. 3 impact test specimen of 10 mm x 10 mm x 55 mm was cut out from the die-casting die, and the impact value of the specimen was measured at room temperature. The results are shown in Table 3.
  • the corrosion resistance was measured as follows. A specimen was cut out from the die-casting die, a hole was provided in the specimen, and industrial water at 30°C was passed into the inside of the hole at 5.0 liter/min for 24 Hr. The generation status of rust on the hole inner surface after passing water was evaluated with an eye. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 Basic Properties No.
  • the high-temperature strength was rated “good” (denoted by “A” in Table 3) when 920 MPa or more, and otherwise rated “bad” (denoted by “B” in Table 3).
  • the thermal conductivity was rated “good” (denoted by “A” in Table 3) when 26 W/m/K or more, and otherwise rated “bad” (denoted by "B” in Table 3).
  • the impact value was rated “good” (denoted by “A” in Table 3) when more than 20 J/cm 2 , and otherwise rated “bad” (denoted by “B” in Table 3):
  • the corrosion resistance was, based on the JIS SKD61 (Comparison Steel A11), rated “good” (denoted by “A” in Table 3) when rust was less generated than that, rated “slightly bad” (denoted by "B” in Table 3) when rust was generated equally, and rated “bad” (denoted by "C” in Table 3) when rust was more generated than that.
  • the invention steels exhibited good properties in all items. Also, the machinability of the invention steels was kept from becoming worse than the general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61). Incidentally, the machinability was evaluated by judging it from the working efficiency and the wear damage of the cutting tool at the practical cutting of the die-casting die. When a steel having poor machinability is cut, the cutting tool is liable to cause locally abnormal wear or chipping, and this makes it unavoidable to reduce the working efficiency due to frequent replacing of the cutting tool and increase the cost due to use of a large number of cutting tools. The working efficiency or wear damage of the cutting tool at the cutting of the invention steel was equal to that when cutting the general-purpose steel, and it was confirmed in the practical die working that the machinability of the invention steels is equal to that of the general-purpose steel.
  • the Si amount was 0.55 mass% or less (the Si amount was 0.52 mass% or less except for Invention Steel A12), the Mn amount was from 0.81 to 1.04 mass% (from 0.81 to 0.95 mass% except for Invention Steel A12, and from 0.81 to 0.84 mass% further except for Invention Steel A11), and the Cr amount was from 5.55 to 5.74 mass% (from 5.63 to 5.74 mass% except for Invention Steel A12, and from 5.71 to 5.74 mass% further except for Invention Steel A11).
  • the Mn amount was from 0.51 to 1.42 mass% (from 0.51 to 0.83 mass% except for Invention Steel A05), the Cr amount was from 5.25 to 8.61 mass% (from 5.25 to 8.08 mass% except for Invention Steel A01), and the V amount was from 0.57 to 0.69 mass%.
  • Comparison Steel A11 rating was "C" in all items except for high-temperature strength and cost.
  • the specimen used was a specimen cut out from a large die-casting die obliged to decrease in the quenching rate. Therefore, particularly in Comparison Steel A11, a carbide of V was formed in a large amount and the impact value was low.
  • Comparison Steel A11 JIS SKD61
  • Comparison Steel A11 JIS SKD61
  • Comparison Steel A06 the thermal conductivity was reduced due to excess Mn. Also, the impact value of Comparison Steel A06 was judged as good, but the value was barely high enough to satisfy the evaluation standard. Furthermore, in Comparison Steel A06, the C amount was large and in turn, a Cr carbide was formed in a large amount, as a result, the amount of Cr as solid solution was decreased, giving rise to bad corrosion resistance.
  • the invention steels exhibited good properties in all items, whereas the comparison steels failed to satisfy the evaluation standard in any of items. This is because the invention steels possessed the component composition above and were assured of high thermal conductivity and high impact value, but the comparison steels did not possess the above-described component composition and were low in the thermal conductivity and/or impact value.
  • the thermal stress was small owing to high thermal conductivity and heat checking hardly occurred.
  • the high thermal conductivity suppressed overheating of the die, and soldering between the aluminum alloy and the die was greatly reduced.
  • wear by the aluminum alloy injected at a high rate was negligible and responding to the highness of high-temperature strength.
  • corrosion of the internal cooling circuit was not so much significant, and water leakage due to penetration of a crack originated on the corroded part was not generated.
  • Comparison Steels A01 to A10 were on an improved trend as compared with JIS SKD61 (Comparison Steel A11) but were inferior to the invention steels and Comparison Steel A02 was worse than JIS SKD61 (Comparison Steel A11).
  • Comparison Steel A11 JIS SKD61 was rated "bad” or “slightly bad” in all items except for wear and cost, similarly to the evaluation of basic properties. Comparison Steel A11 caused overheating of the die due to its low thermal conductivity and allowed for frequent occurrence of soldering between the aluminum alloy and the die. Also, many heat checks were generated, because the thermal conductivity was low and in turn, the thermal stress was large.
  • the die used in this actual machine test is a die in a large size.
  • the results of this test revealed that despite a large size, the die using the invention steels can have a high impact value and can be high in the thermal conductivity and the high-temperature strength.
  • the hot work tool steel of the present invention and the steel product using the same are superior in thermal conductivity to general-purpose die steel (JIS SKD61) and assured of a higher impact value than that of general-purpose die steel while maintaining machinability at a level equal to or higher than that of general-purpose die steel and therefore, are industrially very valuable for die manufacturers and die users.
  • general-purpose die steel JIS SKD61

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Claims (10)

  1. Warmarbeitsstahl, umfassend:
    0,28 ≤ C ≤ 0,42 Gew.-%,
    0,40 < Si < 0,75 Gew.-%,
    0,65 ≤ Mn ≤ 1,20 Gew.-%,
    5,24 ≤ Cr ≤ 9,00 Gew.-%,
    1,08 < Mo ≤ 2,50 Gew.-% und
    0,30 < V < 0,70 Gew.-%,
    optional ferner umfassend:
    bis zu 4,00 Gew.-% W,
    bis zu 3,00 Gew.-% Co,
    bis zu 0,100 Gew.-% Nb,
    bis zu 0,100 Gew.-% Ta,
    bis zu 0,100 Gew.-% Ti,
    bis zu 0,100 Gew.-% Zr,
    bis zu 0,050 Gew.-% Al,
    bis zu 0,050 Gew.-% N,
    bis zu 1,50 Gew.-% Cu,
    bis zu 1,50 Gew.-% Ni,
    bis zu 0,0100 Gew.-% B,
    bis zu 0,500 Gew.-% S,
    bis zu 0,200 Gew.-% Ca,
    bis zu 0,50 Gew.-% Se,
    bis zu 0,100 Gew.-% Te,
    bis zu 0,30 Gew.-% Bi und/oder
    bis zu 0,50 Gew.-% Pb,
    wobei der Rest Fe und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen ist.
  2. Warmarbeitsstahl nach Anspruch 1, der mindestens 0,30 Gew.-% W umfasst.
  3. Warmarbeitsstahl nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, der mindestens 0,30 Gew.-% Co umfasst.
  4. Warmarbeitsstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, der Folgendes umfasst:
    mindestens 0,004 Gew.-% Nb,
    mindestens 0,004 Gew.-% Ta,
    mindestens 0,004 Gew.-% Ti,
    mindestens 0,004 Gew.-% Zr,
    mindestens 0,004 Gew.-% Al und/oder
    mindestens 0,004 Gew.-% N.
  5. Warmarbeitsstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, der Folgendes umfasst:
    mindestens 0,15 Gew.-% Cu,
    mindestens 0,15 Gew.-% Ni und/oder
    mindestens 0,0010 Gew.-% B.
  6. Warmarbeitsstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, der Folgendes umfasst:
    mindestens 0,010 Gew.-% S,
    mindestens 0,0005 Gew.-% Ca,
    mindestens 0,03 Gew.-% Se,
    mindestens 0.005 Gew.-% Te,
    mindestens 0,01 Gew.-% Bi und/oder
    mindestens 0,03 Gew.-% Pb.
  7. Warmarbeitsstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, der eine Schlagzähigkeit von mindestens 20 J/cm2 aufweist.
  8. Warmarbeitsstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei
    Si zu 0,44 bis 0,70 Gew.-% enthalten ist,
    Cr zu 5,40 bis 8,40 Gew.-% enthalten ist,
    Mo zu mehr als 1,15 bis 2,50 Gew.-% enthalten ist
    und/oder V zu 0,40 bis 0,67 Gew.-% enthalten ist.
  9. Warmarbeitsstahl nach Anspruch 8, wobei V zu 0,50 bis 0,64 Gew.-% enthalten ist.
  10. Stahlprodukt, umfassend den Warmarbeitsstahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9.
EP10006150.6A 2009-06-16 2010-06-14 Warmarbeitsstahl und Stahlprodukt damit Active EP2270245B1 (de)

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CN101921958B (zh) 2015-02-18
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