EP2196568B1 - Elément de came et machine à tricoter - Google Patents

Elément de came et machine à tricoter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2196568B1
EP2196568B1 EP08171383A EP08171383A EP2196568B1 EP 2196568 B1 EP2196568 B1 EP 2196568B1 EP 08171383 A EP08171383 A EP 08171383A EP 08171383 A EP08171383 A EP 08171383A EP 2196568 B1 EP2196568 B1 EP 2196568B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cam
needle
knitting machine
lock
slider
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08171383A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2196568A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Stingel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Groz Beckert KG
Original Assignee
Groz Beckert KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Groz Beckert KG filed Critical Groz Beckert KG
Priority to EP08171383A priority Critical patent/EP2196568B1/fr
Priority to US12/633,525 priority patent/US7942021B2/en
Priority to CN2009110000115A priority patent/CN101787614B/zh
Priority to TW098142167A priority patent/TWI431175B/zh
Priority to KR1020090122206A priority patent/KR101132156B1/ko
Priority to JP2009281356A priority patent/JP5442416B2/ja
Publication of EP2196568A1 publication Critical patent/EP2196568A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2196568B1 publication Critical patent/EP2196568B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/32—Cam systems or assemblies for operating knitting instruments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
    • D04B35/02—Knitting tools or instruments not provided for in group D04B15/00 or D04B27/00
    • D04B35/06—Sliding-tongue needles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lock part for a knitting machine and a knitting machine with slide needles.
  • Knitting machines are often equipped with latch needles, which have a freely swinging tongue in the vicinity of the hook.
  • the movement of the tongue is e.g. from the movement of the needle and the effect of the thread on the tongue.
  • slide needles are known in which a slider is provided for the controlled closing of the hook instead of the tongue.
  • This slider is slid longitudinally of the needle body toward and away from the hook to close or release the hook interior.
  • the movement of the slider is controlled by guideways in so-called locks.
  • the shape, in particular the slope of the guide surfaces of the guideways, in conjunction with the needle / lock relative movement causes the longitudinal displacement of the needle body and the slider.
  • the needles When knitting clad goods, the needles must catch a basic thread and additionally another thread and entangle.
  • the basic thread of cotton and the other thread of an elastic material such as elastane. In this case, it must be ensured that both threads taken up by the hook are securely locked into the hook interior in good time and can no longer escape from it.
  • a knitting lock which has adjustable elements.
  • the adjustable element can be positioned on an inclined track to adjust the stitch forming plane.
  • the lock part according to the invention serves to control a foot of a slider needle.
  • the foot is preferably the slider foot. This controls the movement of the slider.
  • the foot may be the needle butt which controls the movement of the needle.
  • the lock part according to the invention has an adjustment fastening means or is connected to an adjustment means which permits an adjustment of the position of the lock part in an adjustment direction.
  • the adjustment is oriented transversely to the needle longitudinal direction and thus also transversely to the slider longitudinal direction. This transverse direction preferably coincides with the direction of the relative movement between the needle lock and the needle bed.
  • the lock of the knitting machine comprises a lock member for controlling the slider and another lock member for controlling the movement of the needle. Because at least one of the two cam parts is provided with a Verstellbefest Trentssch, they can be adjusted in relation to each other in the above-described adjustment. As a result, the timing for closing the slider can be adjusted exactly. It can be adjusted according to different thread qualities, thread sizes, knitting situations, settings and working speeds.
  • the lock part comprises a base body with at least one guideway (preferably only a guideway for the foot of the slider or the needle).
  • the guideway may include rounded, straight, curved, ascending or descending sections. These terms refer to the direction of relative movement between the knitting lock and the needle bed.
  • a lock part at least a rising and a descending portion to control a reciprocation of the needle or the slider.
  • the guideway of a lock part comprises only a reciprocating movement of the slider or the needle.
  • the fastening means can be formed by a slot extending in the adjustment direction.
  • a bolt passing through the slot can clamp the lock part to a carrier. If the screw is loosened slightly, the lock part can be moved in and against adjustment.
  • the lock part at one end with a recess, e.g. is bounded by two mutually opposite converging surfaces, and to provide at another end with a projection which fits with play in such a recess.
  • ends are understood to mean the end surfaces of the lock part facing in and against the adjustment direction.
  • the lock parts provided for adjustment on a common support which is rotatably arranged, for example, with respect to a rotation axis defined by the needle bed.
  • the needle bed may be a knitting cylinder or a dial which surrounds the Rotary axis are driven to rotate.
  • An adjustment of the slide lock relative to the needle lock is done by a slight rotational adjustment about the axis of rotation. This will change the timing between the expulsion and retraction of the slider and the needle body.
  • the arrangement of the slide lock on a common for all lock parts annular support allows easy adjustment of all carried by the carrier lock parts by appropriate positioning of the carrier.
  • the needle lock and the slide lock are arranged stationary in this case during operation of the knitting machine.
  • the knitting machine may alternatively be designed as a flat knitting machine.
  • the needle bed is not curved about an axis of rotation, but straight formed and arranged stationary.
  • the path of the here movably mounted knitting lock is a linear course.
  • the knitting lock is moved back and forth across the slider needles to sequentially expel and retract the slider needles while also controlling their slides.
  • the needle lock contains an adjustable lock part for the knitting needles and / or an adjustable lock part for the slides.
  • the relative displacement of a lock part with respect to the other with respect to the direction of movement of the lock, ie transversely to the needles changes, as explained above, in particular the time of closing the slide needles, so that their movement pattern can be optimized.
  • the adjustment can be oriented at right angles or at an acute angle to the needle longitudinal directions. Slide needles pass through the guideways of the locks of flat knitting machines in alternating directions. Therefore, the lock adjustment in To adjust the dependence of the direction of the carriage during the knitting process.
  • FIG. 1 is a circular knitting machine 1 illustrated, which has a rotatably mounted about a vertical axis of rotation 2 knitting cylinder 3. This is surrounded by an only schematically illustrated knitting lock 4, which is also arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation 2.
  • the knitting cylinder 3 forms an annular needle bed with parallel needle channels.
  • a frame 5 held on the machine carries yarn packages 6 and yarn feeding devices 7 which serve to guide yarns to slide needles which are seated in the needle channels of the knitting cylinder 3.
  • the not further illustrated needle channels are arranged vertically on the outer periphery of the knitting cylinder 3 parallel to the rotation axis 2.
  • FIG. 2 1 illustrates such a flat knitting machine with the aid of the schematic illustration of a straight needle bed 8 and a movable knitting lock 9.
  • the knitting lock 9 is moved back and forth in the direction of the arrow 10 in the direction of the arrow 10 transversely to the slider needles 11.
  • the knitting lock 4 rests while the knitting cylinder 3 rotates about the rotation axis 2, as indicated by an arrow 12.
  • the slider needles 11 are in both the circular knitting machine 1 FIG. 1 as well as in the flat knitting machine FIG. 2 in each case a base body 13, which is provided at one end with a hook 14.
  • a slider 15 is slidably mounted in the needle longitudinal direction, wherein the hook 14 facing the end 16 of the slide for on-demand closing or opening of the hook 14 defined hook interior is used.
  • the slider 15 can be moved toward the hook 14 and away from it, wherein the end 16 in the closed position covers the tip of the hook 14 and in the release position is remote from the tip of the hook 14 and optionally retracted into an interior of the body 13 ,
  • the main body 13 and the slider 15 In order to effect the longitudinal movement of the main body 13 and the slider 15, the main body is provided with a butt 17 and the slider with a slider 18 foot. If the main body 13 and the slider 15, as it is preferably the case, are formed as flat sheet metal parts, the needle butt 17 and the slider foot 18 are projections which protrude beyond the needle top and the slide top.
  • the butt 17 and the slider 18 run in guideways of the knitting lock 4 or 9, the in FIG. 5 schematically in its view radially outward, that is, viewed in the direction of its tracks 20, 21 is reproduced.
  • the knitting lock 4 and / or 9 comprises a slider lock 26 and a needle lock 31.
  • each guideway 20, 21 preferably extends over a plurality of lock parts, which together form the knitting lock 4.
  • the guide track 20 for the slide foot 18 extends in the main body 67 is formed by a plurality of lock parts 22, 23, 24, 25, and other lock parts, not shown, which in the case of the circular knitting machine 1 to a closed, extending around the knitting cylinder 3 around ring complement and is formed by these lock parts.
  • This lock part 22 to 25 (and the other not illustrated lock parts of said ring) form the slide lock 26th
  • the guide track 21 for the needle foot 17 extends in the main body 66 of the cam parts 27, 28, 29, 30 (and other lock parts not illustrated), which in the case of the circular knitting machine 1 with the lock parts shown 27 to 30 to a knitting cylinder 3 surrounding and extend to this concentric ring and together form the needle lock 31.
  • the knitting lock 9 consists only of one lock part 22 (slide lock part) and 27 (needle lock part) or possibly a few straight rows of lock parts 22, 23, 24; 27, 28, 29, which have the guideways 20, 21.
  • an arrow 32 illustrates the relative movement between the slider needles 11 and the knitting cam 4.
  • the feet of the needle 11 slide in the direction of the arrow 32 in the guideways 20, 21 along. They follow both the straight track sections 33 as well as rising sections 34, as well as descending sections 35.
  • FIG. 1 At the circular knitting machine FIG. 1 is the knitting cylinder 3, as in particular also from FIG. 3 emerges surrounded by the knitting lock 4.
  • the knitting lock 4 rests on an annular support 36, on which the lock parts 27 to 30 of the needle lock 31 are arranged directly or by means of an intermediate carrier 37.
  • the support 36 may have distributed over its circumference a plurality of supports 38 which support, for example, an annular concentrically arranged to the knitting cylinder 3 further support 68 on which the slide lock 26 is arranged via fastening means.
  • the carrier 68 may be formed in two parts and consist of two rings 39, 40, which are mutually adjustable in rotation.
  • the ring 39 is supported by the support 38 and is thus rigidly connected to the needle lock 31.
  • the ring 40 is at least slightly rotatable against the ring 39 and can be locked in different rotational positions. For explanation will be on FIG. 6 directed.
  • the concentric nested rings 39, 40 can be connected to each other via fastening means, for example in the form of a regulating apparatus 41, which secures the rings 39, 40 against each other.
  • the ring 40 may be provided with a projection 42, which rises from its upper flat side.
  • the ring 39 may be provided with two threaded blocks 43, 44, the mutually aligned bolts 45, 46 lock the projection 42 between each other. An adjustment of the bolts 45, 46 allows a sensitive rotation of the rings 39, 40 against each other for Justier reconnecten.
  • the ring 40 wears, as FIG. 3 shows the slide lock 26, for example by means of individual holder or carrier 47th
  • the support 38 may also support a generally annular blanket lock 48 which serves to control movement of the containment and knock-down plate 49. These are arranged radially to the axis of rotation 2 of the circular knitting machine 1 in a sinker ring 50 which has radial slots for receiving the Einschdale- and teeing plates 49 and on the upper End of the knitting cylinder 3 is arranged rotatably connected thereto.
  • the circular knitting machine 1 described so far operates as follows:
  • the knitting cylinder 3 rotates about the axis of rotation 2.
  • the slide needles 11 are thereby moved according to the illustrated in Figure 5 guideways 20, 21 of the slide lock 26 and the needle lock 31.
  • the guideways 20, 21 differ slightly from each other.
  • the needle body 13 is further expelled by the increase 34 of the lock member 30 as the slider 15 through the rise 34 of the lock member 25.
  • the lock member 25 and 30 forms a pair of lock parts, which is passed through by the slider needle at the same time.
  • the hook interior of the slider needle 11 is opened while it is expelled.
  • the straight and descending guide track sections 33, 35 of the two cam parts 25 and 30 then cause the closing of the hook interior and the retraction of the needle 11.
  • the situation is similar with the other cam pairs 24, 29 and 23, 28 and 22, 27.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 There, the lock parts 22 and 24 are shown unchanged in their setting positions, while the intermediate lock part 23 in FIG. 7 to the right and in FIG. 8 is moved to the left.
  • the lock parts 22 to 24 fastening means in the form of slots 52, 53, 54 on. These are penetrated by a bolt, by means of which the respective lock part can be locked 22 to 24. After loosening the bolt, each of the lock parts can be adjusted 22 to 24 in the direction of arrow 51.
  • the direction of the arrow 51 corresponds to the direction of the arrow 32, that is to say the direction of the relative movement between the slider needles 11 and the knitting lock 4.
  • lock parts 22 to 24 (as well as other subsequent in the FIGS. 7 and 8 not illustrated lock parts) with respect to each other, it is expedient, the lock parts, as described below with reference to FIG. 9 and exemplified at the lock part 22 form.
  • the lock member 22 has at the end 55, on which the needles arrive in operation, a preferably funnel-shaped recess 56 with two mutually running surfaces which lead to the guide track 21. As a result, the guide track 21 widens in a funnel-like manner at the end.
  • the lock member 22 may be provided with a beak-like projection 58 which fits into the recess 56 of a similar trained lock part with game fits.
  • the timing i.e., the timing fine tuning
  • the timing can be individually adjusted on a circular knitting machine 1. Accordingly, the timing can be adjusted by adjusting a lock part on a flat knitting machine.
  • the inventive concept of the relative adjustment of at least one lock part of the slide lock 26 with respect to at least one lock part of the needle lock 31 can be applied to the flat knitting machine FIG. 2 realize.
  • two guideways for the slide feet 18 and the needle feet 17 are provided.
  • At least one of the guideways 20, 21 is realized by an adjustable lock part, the adjustment direction coinciding with the direction of movement 10 of the knitting lock 9.
  • the timing of closing the slide needles in a flat knitting machine can be set advantageously.
  • a needle lock is provided which permits an adjustment of at least one lock part 22 with respect to at least one other lock part 23. This allows the time course of the closing and opening of the hook interior of the needle adjust to the time course of the retraction of the needle and adjust as needed. This measure can be used to increase the knitting quality and reliability of a fitted with needle needles knitting machine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Pièce de fermeture (22) destinée à une machine à tricoter (1),
    comportant un corps de base (67) qui est muni d'une came de guidage (20) destinée à un pied (18) d'une aiguille à coulisse (11),
    comportant un moyen de fixation (41, 52) destiné à la fixation du corps de base sur un support (68, 47),
    caractérisée en ce que
    le moyen de fixation (41, 52) est un moyen de fixation réglable qui est monté en vue du positionnement de la pièce de fermeture (22) dans une direction de positionnement (51) qui est orientée transversalement à la direction longitudinale de l'aiguille et de ce fait également transversalement à la direction longitudinale du coulisseau.
  2. Pièce de fermeture selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la came de guidage (20) est conformée directement sur le corps de base (67).
  3. Pièce de fermeture selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la came de guidage (20) présente au moins une section inclinée (34, 35) par rapport à la direction de positionnement.
  4. Pièce de fermeture selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la direction de positionnement (51) correspond exactement à une direction de déplacement relatif (10, 32) entre la pièce de fermeture (22) et une fonture (3, 8) dans laquelle sont montées des aiguilles à coulisse (11) dont le coulisseau (15) est commandé par la pièce de fermeture (22).
  5. Pièce de fermeture selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que le moyen de fixation (41, 52) est constitué d'un trou oblong (52) s'étendant dans la direction de positionnement (51) ou bien d'un dispositif de positionnement (41).
  6. Pièce de fermeture selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la pièce de fermeture (22) présente un évidement (56) à une extrémité (55) au niveau de laquelle commence la came de guidage (20), et une saillie (58) à une autre extrémité (57) au niveau de laquelle la came de guidage (20) se termine.
  7. Machine à tricoter (1),
    comportant une fonture (3, 8) destinée à recevoir des aiguilles à coulisse (11),
    comportant un dispositif de fermeture de tricotage (4, 9) qui présente une came (21) de guidage d'aiguilles destinée à des pieds (17) des aiguilles à coulisse (11) et une came (20) de guidage de coulisseau destinée à des pieds (18) des coulisseaux (15) des aiguilles à coulisse (11), le dispositif de fermeture de tricotage (4, 9) et la fonture (3, 8) étant mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre dans une direction d'entraînement (32, 51) en vue du déplacement des aiguilles à coulisse (11) et de leur coulisseau (15) dans le cadre d'un processus de tricotage.
    caractérisée en ce que la machine à tricoter (1) présente un dispositif de réglage (41, 52) destiné à déplacer au moins une section de la came de guidage (20) de came par rapport à la came de guidage (21) d'aiguille dans la direction d'entraînement (32, 10).
  8. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 7 caractérisée en ce que la section de la came de guidage (20) est constituée d'une pièce de fermeture (22) selon la revendication 1.
  9. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 8 caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de fermeture de tricotage (4, 9) comprend plusieurs pièces de fermeture (22, 27 ou 23, 28) qui peuvent être déplacées les unes par rapport aux autres dans la direction d'entraînement (32, 10).
  10. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 7 caractérisée en ce que la fonture (3) est entraînée en rotation sur un axe de rotation (2).
  11. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 10 caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de fermeture de tricotage (4) comporte un dispositif de fermeture d'aiguille (31) et un dispositif de fermeture de coulisseau (26).
  12. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 11 caractérisée en ce que le dispositif (26) de fermeture de coulisseau est maintenu contre le dispositif de fermeture d'aiguille (31) de façon réglable dans la direction de rotation (32) ou dans la direction inverse de celle-ci.
  13. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 11 caractérisée en ce que le dispositif (26) de fermeture de coulisseau est constitué d'un certain nombre de pièces de fermeture (22, 23, 24, 25) disposées à la suite les unes des autres qui sont agencées de manière à former un anneau.
  14. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 9 caractérisée en ce que le dispositif (26) de fermeture de coulisseau est constitué d'un certain nombre de pièces de fermeture (22, 23, 24, 25) disposées les unes à côté des autres en formant une rangée dont l'écart mutuel est réglable.
  15. Machine à tricoter selon la revendication 7 caractérisée en ce que la fonture (3, 8) est disposée de façon fixe.
EP08171383A 2008-12-11 2008-12-11 Elément de came et machine à tricoter Active EP2196568B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08171383A EP2196568B1 (fr) 2008-12-11 2008-12-11 Elément de came et machine à tricoter
US12/633,525 US7942021B2 (en) 2008-12-11 2009-12-08 Cam assembly part and knitting machine
CN2009110000115A CN101787614B (zh) 2008-12-11 2009-12-10 三角装配零件和针织机
TW098142167A TWI431175B (zh) 2008-12-11 2009-12-10 三角座總成件及針織機
KR1020090122206A KR101132156B1 (ko) 2008-12-11 2009-12-10 캠 조립체 부품 및 편물기
JP2009281356A JP5442416B2 (ja) 2008-12-11 2009-12-11 カムアセンブリ部品および編み機

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08171383A EP2196568B1 (fr) 2008-12-11 2008-12-11 Elément de came et machine à tricoter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2196568A1 EP2196568A1 (fr) 2010-06-16
EP2196568B1 true EP2196568B1 (fr) 2011-11-23

Family

ID=40637901

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08171383A Active EP2196568B1 (fr) 2008-12-11 2008-12-11 Elément de came et machine à tricoter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7942021B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2196568B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5442416B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101132156B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101787614B (fr)
TW (1) TWI431175B (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106012268A (zh) * 2016-07-30 2016-10-12 李文学 针织大圆机归零三角固定座

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ITMI20111696A1 (it) * 2011-09-21 2013-03-22 Santoni & C Spa Macchina per maglieria, particolarmente ad elevata finezza, con camme di azionamento degli aghi perfezionate.
US8938995B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-01-27 Monarch Knitting Machinery Corporation Circular knitting machine with mounting arrangement for sinker cams
DE102013208066A1 (de) * 2013-05-02 2014-11-06 Sipra Patententwicklungs- Und Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh Schlossteil für eine Rundstrickmaschine
IT201900005736A1 (it) * 2019-04-12 2020-10-12 Santoni & C Spa Dispositivo di supporto e comando per macchine tessili circolari
CN113417056A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-09-21 泉州精镁科技有限公司 一种用于圆形纬编机的上盘三角结构
US11982028B1 (en) 2023-07-05 2024-05-14 Changshu Huakun Knitting Co., Ltd. Cam and cam structure of circular knitting machine

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US2831996A (en) 1956-09-19 1958-04-22 Eugene F Martina Ion source
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JPH0136936Y2 (fr) * 1987-06-11 1989-11-08
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US5182927A (en) 1991-03-25 1993-02-02 Monarch Knitting Machinery Corporation Cam system for circular knitting machine
DE4115198C2 (de) 1991-05-11 2002-11-21 Sipra Patent Beteiligung Einrichtung an mit Schiebernadeln ausgerüsteten Rundstrickmaschinen und Schiebernadel für Rundstrickmaschinen
US5881571A (en) * 1996-10-07 1999-03-16 Tompkins Brothers Company, Inc. Stitch cam for a circular knitting machine
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TWM251848U (en) * 2003-10-20 2004-12-01 Pai Lung Machinery Mill Co Ltd Gear type adjustment wheel for circular knitting machine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106012268A (zh) * 2016-07-30 2016-10-12 李文学 针织大圆机归零三角固定座
CN106012268B (zh) * 2016-07-30 2018-10-23 李文学 针织大圆机归零三角固定座

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100147034A1 (en) 2010-06-17
CN101787614B (zh) 2012-08-08
CN101787614A (zh) 2010-07-28
EP2196568A1 (fr) 2010-06-16
TWI431175B (zh) 2014-03-21
JP2010159530A (ja) 2010-07-22
US7942021B2 (en) 2011-05-17
JP5442416B2 (ja) 2014-03-12
KR101132156B1 (ko) 2012-04-05
TW201037112A (en) 2010-10-16
KR20100067622A (ko) 2010-06-21

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