EP2176272A1 - Bis (oxalatoborate) de lithium (libob) cristallin, totalement soluble - Google Patents

Bis (oxalatoborate) de lithium (libob) cristallin, totalement soluble

Info

Publication number
EP2176272A1
EP2176272A1 EP08774714A EP08774714A EP2176272A1 EP 2176272 A1 EP2176272 A1 EP 2176272A1 EP 08774714 A EP08774714 A EP 08774714A EP 08774714 A EP08774714 A EP 08774714A EP 2176272 A1 EP2176272 A1 EP 2176272A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
libob
solution
solvent
lithium
solvate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08774714A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2176272B1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Dietz
Ulrich Wietelmann
Uwe Lischka
Dr. Thorsten Buhrmester
Klaus Schade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemetall GmbH
Original Assignee
Chemetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chemetall GmbH filed Critical Chemetall GmbH
Publication of EP2176272A1 publication Critical patent/EP2176272A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2176272B1 publication Critical patent/EP2176272B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
    • C07F5/022—Boron compounds without C-boron linkages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is a crystalline, clear lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), a process for its preparation and the use of lithium bis (oxalato) borate.
  • Lithium batteries have established themselves as an energy storage device especially for applications in portable electronics ("laptops", mobile phones) because of their high energy and power density compared to other types of batteries.
  • Both types of batteries contain anhydrous liquid or gel-type ions, conductive electrolyte, in which conductive salts, for example LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , lithium imides, lithium methides or lithium borate salts, for example lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB, corresponding to Li [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] ), in dissolved form.
  • conductive salts for example LiPF 6 , LiBF 4
  • lithium imides lithium methides or lithium borate salts, for example lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB, corresponding to Li [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ]
  • Variants of this reaction procedure consist in implementing two of the three raw material components in advance and only then carry out the LiBOB synthesis, for example:
  • LiBOB thus formed is obtained in a dust-fine, extremely poorly manageable form.
  • LiBOB also crystallizes out of many other solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or ethyl acetate, in solvated form. Since all of these solvents in batteries are uncommon or undesirable, they must be completely removed before use. There As in the case of AN, fine, hygroscopic powders are formed which are difficult to handle.
  • Ethyl acetate is known to interfere with the high temperature stability of lithium ion batteries even in relatively small concentrations (TR Jow, K. Xu, MS Ding, SS Zhang, JL Allen, K. Amine, J. Electrochem., Soc. 151, A1702-A1706 (2004)).
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the object of the invention is surprisingly to provide a coarsely crystalline, essentially parallelepiped LiBOB in which the median of the largest diameter of the primary crystallites is 50 ⁇ m to 5 mm, preferably 200 ⁇ m to 2 mm, particularly preferably 500 ⁇ m to 1 mm. Preferably, less than 20% by weight of the LiBOB is present below half the length of this median.
  • the average volume of the primary crystallites is between 0.01 to 100 mm 3 , preferably between 0.1 to 50 mm 3 .
  • the dust content is according to the invention below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 5 wt .-%, more preferably below 2 wt .-% ..
  • the LiBOB prepared according to the invention dissolves in aprotic solvents, for example, carbonate solvents, esters or acetonitrile, largely without residues.
  • the insoluble residue is at most 0.1% by weight, preferably at most 0.01% by weight.
  • the solutions are clear or at most slightly cloudy; the turbidity of a 15% solution of the LiBOB according to the invention in acetonitrile is not more than 100 NTU, preferably not more than 50 NTU.
  • the LiBOB is obtainable by a process in which a solvent is used for the purification, in particular for the recrystallization of the LiBOB crude salt, which contains or consists of a cyclic 5-ring ester as an essential constituent.
  • the cyclic 5-membered ring ester according to the invention is selected from a 1,3-dioxolan-2-one compound or several 1,3,6-dioxolan-2-one compounds.
  • the 1, 3-dioxolan-2-one compound is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC, 1, 3-dioxolan-2-one), propylene carbonate (PC, 4-methyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-one) or Butylene carbonate (BC, 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one).
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • BC Butylene carbonate
  • the ⁇ -lactone is preferably selected from ⁇ -butyrolactone or ⁇ -valerolactone.
  • the LiBOB according to the invention contains any solvate at all, this solvate consists exclusively of a 5-ring ester selected as such according to the invention.
  • the LiBOB contains no solvate other than the inventively selected 5-ring ester, in particular it is acetonitrile-free (AN-free).
  • the solvent selected according to the invention may additionally contain one or more further aprotic solvents which do not form solvates with LiBOB, for example selected from hydrocarbons, ethers, esters or acyclic carbonates.
  • the solvent selected according to the invention preferably consists of a 1,3-dioxolan-2-one compound or a ⁇ -lactone in commercial purity with a water content of less than 0.5% by weight.
  • the dissolution process can be supported by suitable homogenization measures according to the prior art, for example stirring or shaking, and optionally heating, for example to temperatures of 30 to 100 ° C.
  • suitable homogenization measures for example stirring or shaking, and optionally heating, for example to temperatures of 30 to 100 ° C.
  • a less concentrated solution of LiBOB crude salt can be used in the solvent selected according to the invention, for example with a concentration of 5 to 15 wt .-%. This is preferred if a largely water-free LiBOB solution is to be obtained in which the water content should be less than 500 ppm, preferably less than 200 ppm.
  • the solution of LiBOB in the solvent selected according to the invention which is completely clear and optionally deacidified and / or dried by one or more further pretreatment steps after the solid-liquid separation, can be worked up into a dust-free crystallizate according to the invention by three process variants; According to the invention, an almost saturated LiBOB solution is used for this purpose:
  • Evaporation crystallization the LiBOB solution is evaporated at reduced pressure (preferably 0.01 to 100 mbar) and bottom temperatures of at most 200 0 C, wherein surprisingly solvate-free LiBOB precipitates in crystalline form when the saturation concentration is exceeded.
  • reduced pressure preferably 0.01 to 100 mbar
  • bottom temperatures preferably 0.01 to 100 mbar
  • solvate-free LiBOB precipitates in crystalline form when the saturation concentration is exceeded.
  • the temperature during crystallization must be above the solvate dissociation temperature. at
  • Preferred organic displacement solvents are aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, ethylbenzene or xylene or saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane or fully or partially fluorinated hydrocarbons or ethers such as diethyl ether, di-n-propyl ether, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether or methyl tert-butyl ether or mixtures of these solvents used.
  • the displacement solvent is added in several portions. After each addition, the equilibrium between the two forming liquid phases is awaited and the upper LiBOB-poor phase is removed, for example decanatively. In this way, an almost complete displacement of LiBOB from the solution phase can be achieved.
  • the LiBOB solution is stored at lower temperatures, for example 0 0 C.
  • the resulting crystals are LiBOB 5-ring ester complexes, which can be separated from the mother liquor, for example by filtration. It is preferred to prepare saturated solutions LiBOB- at 40 to 150 0 C and cool it to a temperature of -20 0 C to +20 0 C.
  • the solution is stored at the lower temperature for at least 10 minutes, preferably for at least 2 hours, more preferably for 2 to 10 hours, before the LiBOB (n 5-ring)
  • Ester) complex is isolated as a crystallizate.
  • the displacement solvency at higher temperatures for example 50 0 C may be added and cooled after mixing to 0 0 C, for example.
  • a variant of the displacement crystallization B) is to introduce the LiBOB solution and to add the displacement solvent without homogenization, ie to coat the LiBOB solution with the specific lighter solvent. Since the mixing takes place only by diffusion and thus only very slowly, correspondingly large, low-LiBOB «(n 5-ring-ester) complexes form as crystals which have a correspondingly high purity.
  • solvate-free LiBOB can be prepared by evaporation crystallization.
  • the 5-ring esters selected according to the invention are in fact very strong Lewis bases which should form a correspondingly solid complex with LiBOB, as is known from acetonitrile, THF, ethyl acetate and other solvents.
  • the dipole moments of various solvents are compared below. These physical constants correlate with the Lewis basicities: Table 1: Dipole moments of various solvents
  • FIG. 1 shows this on the basis of a thermogravimetry on the example of the LiBOB.sup.2 EC complex at a heating rate of 10 K / min):
  • LiBOB crystals with higher contents of inventively selected 5-ring esters represent an embodiment of the invention.
  • the 5-ring ester according to the invention is characterized by electrostatic
  • LiBOB to the 5-ring ester can vary greatly and results from the respective pressure / temperature conditions during the crystallization and the material properties of the particular 5-ring ester used.
  • electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries contain at least one solvent based on a 1, 3-dioxolan-2-one compound, usually ethylene carbonate, or a ⁇ -lactone, mentioned Solvate complexes mostly without disadvantages directly for battery electrolytes use.
  • LiBOB prepared by the process according to the invention is obtained in a coarse-crystalline and dust-free form. This applies both to the solvate-free LiBOB and to the LiBOB 5-ring ester complexes.
  • LiBOB® solvate complexes prepared according to the prior art are so stable that they can be brought into a dry, flowable form without drying them at mild temperatures, for example at 20 to 60 ° C., according to the invention Lose 5-ring ester. That is to say, the LiBOB.sup. (N 5-ring ester) complexes prepared by the process according to the invention do not decompose into a powder, as is the case with the LiBOB.solvate complexes prepared according to the prior art.
  • the still cloudy solution of the LiBOB crude salt prepared in the first step is pretreated in the solvent selected according to the invention by treatment with insoluble basic compounds in the solvent selected according to the invention or solids which are insoluble in the solvent selected according to the invention.
  • basic compounds it is possible to use alkali metal hydrides, preferably sodium hydride and / or lithium hydride, metal oxides, preferably calcium oxide, lithium oxalate, lithium hydrogen oxalate, lithium metaborate, lithium tetraborate, lithium carbonate or anhydrous lithium hydroxide or mixtures of the substances mentioned.
  • dewatering solids serve molecular sieves and / or aluminum oxides.
  • This pre-treatment takes place under exclusion of air and moisture in closed equipment.
  • the substances mentioned, alone or in combination, are able to reduce the water and acid content of the solution of LiBOB crude salt. They are generally admixed in amounts of from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the LiBOB solution. It is preferred to homogenize the resulting suspension, that is, for example, to stir and / or shake. In many Cases, it is also recommended that this process at elevated temperatures, generally between 30 and 200 0 C, make. Depending on the pretreatment agent, its concentration and the temperature, the exposure times are between 10 minutes and one week, preferably between one hour and 20 hours. The purified suspension is then clarified by solid-liquid separation as described above.
  • a further possibility for drying the solution of the crude LiBOB salt in the solvent according to the invention consists in distilling off the water by partial solvent removal.
  • the LiBOB solution is preferably heated in vacuo and distilled off a portion of the solvent. It has surprisingly been found that in this process, the water contained can be at least partially evaporated with.
  • Preferred solvents according to the invention does not contain solvent components boiling at atmospheric pressure below about 200 0 C.
  • the solvent selected according to the invention consists exclusively of a 5-ring ester selected according to the invention.
  • the drying process according to the invention generally allows residual water contents of less than 200 ppm, preferably reach below 100 ppm.
  • the distillation temperature should not exceed 200 0 C.
  • the distillation preferably takes place in the temperature range between 80 and 170 ° C.
  • This distillation process which is connected with a concentration of the LiBOB, is preferably carried out under reduced pressure, more preferably below about 50 mbar.
  • the purified LiBOB solids or solutions of LiBOB prepared in aprotic solvents according to the invention are used as electrolytes or electrolyte constituents in galvanic elements, for example lithium-ion batteries.
  • Example 1 Preparation of solvatbuildm LiBOB crystals (evaporative crystallization, Kristallisatabtrennung at about 100 0 C)
  • REM rectangular crystallites with largest edge lengths of about 0.2 mm (see Fig. 2)
  • the crystals dissolve completely residue-free in acetonitrile (clear solution).
  • the PC residual content is less than 0.2 wt .-%.
  • the dust content is less than 1%.
  • REM cuboid crystallites with largest edge lengths of about 0.5 mm (see Fig. 3).
  • the dust-free product (dust content less than 1%) proved to be clearly soluble in acetone itril.
  • the LiBOB solvate dissolved clearly and without residue in acetonitrile and had a dust content of less than 1 wt .-%.
  • the mixture was stirred slowly at 0 ° C. for about one hour and then the suspension was drained onto a glass frit.
  • the crude crystals were washed first with 90 ml of toluene, then twice with 50 ml of pentane. Then it was vacuum dried for two hours at room temperature.
  • the LiBOB »1, 8 AN solvate was further dried at 90 ° C. in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours.
  • the analytical values correspond to a LiBOB content of 99.4%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Furan Compounds (AREA)
  • Pyrane Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un bis (oxalatoborate) de lithium (LiBOB) cristallin, totalement soluble, un procédé pour sa production et l'utilisation du bis (oxalatoborate) de lithium.
EP08774714.3A 2007-07-04 2008-07-03 Bis (oxalatoborate) de lithium (libob) cristallin, totalement soluble Active EP2176272B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007031201 2007-07-04
PCT/EP2008/058602 WO2009004061A1 (fr) 2007-07-04 2008-07-03 Bis (oxalatoborate) de lithium (libob) cristallin, totalement soluble

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2176272A1 true EP2176272A1 (fr) 2010-04-21
EP2176272B1 EP2176272B1 (fr) 2014-10-29

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Country Status (6)

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US (2) US9093718B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2176272B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5447866B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101861323B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008040154A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009004061A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102766151A (zh) * 2011-05-05 2012-11-07 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 一种双草酸基硼酸锂的提纯方法
CN102321108A (zh) * 2011-07-18 2012-01-18 中南大学 一种双草酸硼酸锂的提纯方法
JP6178317B2 (ja) 2011-09-02 2017-08-09 イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニーＥ．Ｉ．Ｄｕ Ｐｏｎｔ Ｄｅ Ｎｅｍｏｕｒｓ Ａｎｄ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ リチウムイオン電池
CN103959544A (zh) 2011-09-02 2014-07-30 纳幕尔杜邦公司 氟化电解质组合物
WO2013180783A1 (fr) 2012-06-01 2013-12-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions d'électrolytes fluorées
JP6319305B2 (ja) 2012-06-01 2018-05-09 ソルベー エスアー リチウムイオンバッテリ
JP6037713B2 (ja) 2012-08-09 2016-12-07 三洋電機株式会社 非水電解質二次電池
JP6114515B2 (ja) 2012-08-09 2017-04-12 三洋電機株式会社 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法
JP5931643B2 (ja) 2012-08-09 2016-06-08 三洋電機株式会社 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法
JP2016519400A (ja) 2013-04-04 2016-06-30 イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニーＥ．Ｉ．Ｄｕ Ｐｏｎｔ Ｄｅ Ｎｅｍｏｕｒｓ Ａｎｄ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 非水性電解質組成物
CN103325994A (zh) * 2013-06-13 2013-09-25 苏州诺信创新能源有限公司 锂离子电池电极的制备方法
TR201913271A1 (tr) 2019-09-03 2021-03-22 Ulusal Bor Arastirma Enstituesue YÜKSEK SAFLIKTA SUSUZ LİTYUM BİSOKSALATBORAT (LiBOB) İÇİN BİR SENTEZ DÜZENEĞİ VE ÜRETİM YÖNTEMİ
CN110964045A (zh) * 2019-12-16 2020-04-07 江苏华盛锂电材料股份有限公司 一种降低双草酸硼酸锂酸值的方法及低酸值的双草酸硼酸锂
CN111153918A (zh) * 2019-12-16 2020-05-15 山东石大胜华化工集团股份有限公司 一种双草酸硼酸锂的制备方法
KR102396069B1 (ko) * 2021-06-22 2022-05-10 주식회사 천보 리튬 비스옥살레이트 보레이트 및 이를 리튬 비스옥살레이트 보레이트를 고순도로 제조하는 방법
CN113912633B (zh) * 2021-11-19 2023-11-24 山东海科创新研究院有限公司 一种双草酸硼酸锂的制备方法

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EP1292633A4 (fr) * 2000-06-16 2003-07-23 Univ Arizona State Compositions polymeriques conductrices pour batteries au lithium
US7527899B2 (en) * 2000-06-16 2009-05-05 Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University Electrolytic orthoborate salts for lithium batteries
DE10108608C2 (de) 2001-02-22 2003-01-23 Chemetall Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hydrogen-bis(chelato)boraten und Alkalimetall-bis(chelato)boraten und deren Verwendung
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100145076A1 (en) 2010-06-10
JP2010531856A (ja) 2010-09-30
US9093718B2 (en) 2015-07-28
CN101861323A (zh) 2010-10-13
DE102008040154A1 (de) 2009-01-08
JP5447866B2 (ja) 2014-03-19
EP2176272B1 (fr) 2014-10-29
WO2009004061A1 (fr) 2009-01-08
US8946452B2 (en) 2015-02-03
US20130303785A1 (en) 2013-11-14
CN101861323B (zh) 2017-03-29

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