EP2175104B1 - A small bypass system of a generator set and a controlling method thereof - Google Patents

A small bypass system of a generator set and a controlling method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2175104B1
EP2175104B1 EP07845793.4A EP07845793A EP2175104B1 EP 2175104 B1 EP2175104 B1 EP 2175104B1 EP 07845793 A EP07845793 A EP 07845793A EP 2175104 B1 EP2175104 B1 EP 2175104B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bypass
small
valves
bypass system
big
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07845793.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2175104A1 (en
EP2175104A4 (en
Inventor
Weizhong Feng
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Waigaoqiao No3 Power Generation CoLtd
Original Assignee
Shanghai Waigaoqiao No3 Power Generation CoLtd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Waigaoqiao No3 Power Generation CoLtd filed Critical Shanghai Waigaoqiao No3 Power Generation CoLtd
Publication of EP2175104A1 publication Critical patent/EP2175104A1/en
Publication of EP2175104A4 publication Critical patent/EP2175104A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2175104B1 publication Critical patent/EP2175104B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/52—Washing-out devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric power heat engine and thermal automation, and more particularly, to a small bypass system and a control method thereof.
  • a coal-fired generating unit mainly comprises three main machines: a boiler, a turbine and a generator.
  • a boiler In the control strategies, since the boiler with a huge volume has a relatively big inertia to change its state, the change is relatively slow. However, as compared to the state change of the boiler, the change of the rotation speed and the output state of a turbine is much faster.
  • the bypass system is an indispensable part in the process of coordinating the operation of the two machines.
  • the high-capacity bypass systems for coal-fired generating units both at home and abroad including 100% capacity bypass systems, are always directly led out from the outlet pipes of the boiler superheater header at the side close to the boiler and then connected into the cold section of the reheater, resulting in that only little live steam passes through each of the main steam pipe extending from the big bypass valves to the steam turbine.
  • the temperature of this pipe section is relatively low, however, in the operating mode, this pipe section endures the highest temperature in the whole steam-water circulation. Therefore, in general, oxidation in this pipe section is rather serious. In the cold starting mode, due to thermal impact, the fallen oxide skins in the pipe will directly enter the HP cylinder of the steam turbine, thus causing tremendous damage to the turbine blades.
  • the starting of a unit always involves a process of starting with a bypass system.
  • the main steam passes the big bypass valves and enters the cold section of the boiler reheater, and then returns to the boiler reheater.
  • all the pipes from the big bypass valves to the turbine only allow a small amount of steam flow to pass through a drain valve, causing a considerable lag between the temperature of this section of the main steam line and the actual main steam temperature.
  • the steam quality sampled from this pipe section is not authentic, and it is not easy to meet the conditions for turbine impulse start, thus resulting in a delay of the starting of the turbine and a waste of lots of fuel, station-service power and time.
  • a technical issue to be addressed by the present invention is to provide a control method of a small by pass system, which is to be used at the starting stage of a generating unit to protect a high-capacity bypass valve and to solve the problem that the steam flow in the main steam pipe is too small in quantity.
  • the present invention provides a small bypass system, wherein said generating unit comprises at least a boiler and a turbine as well as a main steam pipe, and a big bypass system which is connected with said boiler and said turbine.
  • a small bypass system is provided on said main steam pipe close to said turbine.
  • Said small bypass system comprises a small bypass steam pipe and at least one group of small bypass adjusting valves.
  • said small bypass adjusting valves are small capacity adjusting valves for reducing temperature and pressure, and in said small bypass steam pipe, stop valves are also provided in front of and/or behind said small bypass adjusting valves.
  • the flow of said small bypass system is 1% - 50% of the flow of said main steam pipe.
  • the flow of said small bypass system is 5% - 30% of the flow of said main steam pipe.
  • the present invention provides a control method of a small bypass system, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 4 after said Step 3: after the load on said generating unit has gradually increased, firstly gradually closing said small bypass adjusting valves, then gradually closing said big bypass system until the steam flow in said big bypass system is slightly less than the maximum flow of said small bypass system, quickly closing said big bypass system; and at the same time quickly opening said small bypass system, so as to shift all the steam flow in said big bypass system to said small bypass system, and then closing said small bypass adjusting valves, until the steam flow of the whole bypass system becomes zero.
  • the main steam pressure of said generating unit remains substantially stable.
  • the operation steps of the small bypass can be the reverse of the unit starting process, in a sequence from Step 4 to Step 1.
  • the opening/closing operations of said small bypass system as well as its coordination with said big bypass system are controlled by way of a programmed control.
  • said small bypass adjusting valves and the valves of said big bypass system jointly constitute a first bypass valve group and a second bypass valve group, which are respectively located on two steam inlet sides of said turbine.
  • said bypass valve group Before said turbine is prepared for impulse start, it is feasible to firstly enter the alternate opening and closing operations of the bypass valve group, firstly opening said the first bypass valve group and then closing said second valve group, so that said steam in said boiler outlet header is unilaterally discharged only via said first bypass valve group in an open state. Then, after maintaining said first bypass valve group in the open state for a predetermined time period, closing said first bypass valve group, and at the same time opening said second bypass valve group, so that said steam in said header is discharged only from said second bypass valve group in an open state.
  • the present invention avoids the big bypass valves from operating at a smaller opening, and significantly reduces the erosion of the spools of the big bypass valves by foreign matters such as fallen oxide skins in the boiler.
  • the steam of a certain flow rate can enter the cold section of the reheater via the small bypass system, thus improving the pipe warming efficiency of this section of the main steam pipe.
  • the fallen oxide skins in the main steam pipe at the starting stage can be discharged via the small bypass system, thus reducing the erosion of the turbine by solid particles, and thus improving the safety of the unit.
  • the steam of a certain flow rate can enter the cooling section via the small bypass system and the main steam pipe can obtain a great amount of steam to warm up this pipe section.
  • a large amount of foreign matters such as solid particles causes serious erosion to the spools of the big bypass valves.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves are firstly opened without an action of the big bypass valves, thus properly avoiding the damage to the spools of the big bypass valves caused by the oxide skins and solid particles in the pipe.
  • the body of the small bypass adjusting valves is of smaller size and thus the price is much lower than that of the big bypass valves.
  • the steam in this pipe section has a very small impulse, it is very difficult to completely sweep out the oxide skins in this pipe section.
  • the small bypass can be opened at the starting time and thus integrated into the existing control of the starting process of the big bypass, so that the steam firstly passes through the small bypass. In this way, the impulse of the steam in this pipe section can be greatly increased, removing the solid particles accumulated in this pipe section, reducing the erosion of the turbine by solid particles, and improving the safety of the unit.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves can act together with the big bypass valves, firstly performing unilateral opening/closing actions, and protecting the big bypass valves in this continuous opening/closing process. Meanwhile, at the early stage of starting, if it is in a cold state, the small bypass adjusting valves need to be opened to avoid the throttled steam from scouring the big bypass valves. If in a hot state or in an extremely hot state, it is necessary to firstly open the big bypass valves to avoid supercooled steam and water from entering the high-temperature pipes and thus resulting in the falling of a large quantity of oxide skins in the pipes. The above described steps are adopted to reduce the generation of oxide skins in the header, with a good effect of sweeping the pipes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement of a unit to which a small bypass system of the present invention is applied.
  • At least two main machines are provided in one thermal power unit: a turbine 12 and a boiler 1, as well as a pipe system.
  • the bypass system is a main component to adjust and coordinate the two main machines.
  • the steam from the boiler 1 passes through a superheater 2 and enters the superheater outlet header 5, then, after passing through the main steam pipe 13, enters an HP cylinder (not shown) of the turbine 12 via the turbine 12 to do work.
  • the discharged steam enters the reheater 3 in the boiler after passing the cold section 4.
  • the big bypass is located between the boiler outlet header 5 and the cold section 4 of the reheater.
  • the big bypass comprises big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9, which are respectively located on both sides of the superheater outlet header of the boiler 1, as well as communicating pipes connected with the cold section of the reheater.
  • the specialty of the present invention lies in the fact that: a small bypass system is installed on the main steam pipe, between the side close to the turbine 12 and the cold section 4 of the reheater.
  • this small bypass system comprises two small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 which are respectively located on both sides of the HP cylinder of the turbine 12, as well as communicating pipes.
  • the adjusting valves of the small bypass system are not required to have a quick opening/closing function. These adjusting valves are only used at the starting/stop stages of the unit, and are not required to endure the full pressure of the unit.
  • the present invention provides a control method for a bypass system described above.
  • the steam enters the HP cylinder of turbine 12 via the main steam pipe 13 to do work.
  • the big bypass valves are firstly opened.
  • the small bypass adjusting valve system prior to opening the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9, firstly the small bypass adjusting valve system are gradually opened, i.e., the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 are slowly opened, so that the steam from the boiler 1 passes through the superheater outlet header and enters the cold section pipe of the reheater via the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11, until the small bypass system is fully opened.
  • the flow of the small bypass system is 20% of the steam flow in the unit, therefore this small bypass system is called for short as a 20% small bypass system.
  • the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 need to be quickly opened, and at the same time the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 are closed, so that the steam is transferred from the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 to the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 and then enters the cold section 4 of the reheater .
  • the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 need to be closed gradually until the steam flow in the pipe is less than or equal to 20% of the total amount of steam.
  • the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 need to be quickly closed completely, and at the same time the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 need to be opened to keep the pressure of the main steam to decrease steadily.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 need to be closed gradually, until the steam flow in the pipe becomes zero.
  • the unit continues to carry out the following starting procedures in a conventional starting mode.
  • the main steam pipe in the section from the big bypass valves to the small bypass adjusting valves is pre-warmed, and the solid particles and oxide skins in this pipe section are removed.
  • a large quantity of solid particles accumulated at the early stage of starting are firstly discharged via the small bypass adjusting valves, reducing the impact of foreign matters of solid particles on the spools of the big bypass valves, and thus protecting the spools of the big bypass valves from being damaged.
  • control method of the present invention can also realize the control on the opening/closing of the small bypass system in a program-controlled mode.
  • the small bypass control system can be included in the control system of the whole unit, so as to realize a full automatic management.
  • the safety of the small bypass adjusting valves is improved, and the small bypass adjusting valves are prevented from being scoured or wounded, which may result in steam leakage in the normal operating modes.
  • the flow of the small bypass system is not limited to 20% of the steam flow in the unit.
  • any bypass with a flow less than 50% of the steam flow in the unit can be called as a small bypass.
  • the flow of the small bypass system is selected at 5%- 30% of the steam flow in the unit.
  • FIG 2 is the simplified block diagram of the starting process of the unit as shown in Figure 1 ("small bypass valves" in this figure refers to the small bypass adjusting valves).
  • the starting procedures of the unit with a bypass system can be basically divided into the following stages: the stage of the minimum opening, the stage of the minimum pressure, the stage of increasing pressure, the stage of fixed pressure, and the stage of following mode.
  • the main steam pipe 13 extending from the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 to the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 is also pre-warmed and scoured, and a large quantity of solid particles have been discharged via the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11. Furthermore, since the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 are quickly opened, their working time under throttle operating mode is also reduced, and the spools of the big bypass valves are also protected.
  • the starting operation When the starting operation has proceeded to a certain stage (set as the stage of fixed pressure in this embodiment), it is started to take the unilaterally alternate opening/closing actions on the bypass and scour the superheater outlet header 5. Since this stage is transited from the stage of increasing pressure, by this time the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 are in the open state, it is required to firstly close the first group of the big bypass valves located on the same side with the superheater header, and then slowly close the big bypass valves 6 and 7. At this moment, in order to maintain a stable pressure, the second group of the big bypass valves 8 and 9, which are located on the other side of the HP cylinder 12, remain a open state.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves need to be quickly opened, and at the same time the closing of the second group of the big bypass valves 6 and 7 need to speeded up.
  • the big bypass valves act together with the small bypass adjusting valves to keep the pressure to change according to the preset curve.
  • the steam generated from the superheater 3 of the boiler 1 passes through the superheater outlet header 5 and unilaterally enters the cold section 4 of the reheater via the first group of the big bypass valves 8 and 9, and at the same time partial steam passes through the main steam pipe 13 on the same side with the first group of the big bypass valves 8 and 9 and also enters the cold section 4 of the reheater via the small bypass adjusting valve 11, and returns to the reheater 2.
  • the main steam pipe 13 and the outlet header 3 on this side are scoured, and the foreign matters of solid particles therein are discharged from the outlet header 5.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves are to be slowly opened, and at this time the first group of the big bypass valves 8 and 9 need to be slowly closed.
  • the second group of the big bypass valves 6 and 7 located on the same side need to be opened, and at the same time the small bypass adjusting valve 10 are quickly closed, resulting in that the second group of big bypass valves 6 and 7 are quickly opened.
  • the specifics of the process here are similar to those of the process described above.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves 10 and 11 need to be closed, and then the big bypass valves 6, 7, 8 and 9 are closed, and are quickly closed when the flow of the small bypass adjusting valves has been reached.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves are opened to keep the pressure stable.
  • the small bypass adjusting valves are used to maintain a stable pressure until these small bypass adjusting valves are closed, so as to avoid the throttled steam from scouring the spools of the big bypass valves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP07845793.4A 2007-06-11 2007-12-03 A small bypass system of a generator set and a controlling method thereof Not-in-force EP2175104B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 200710041839 CN100473805C (zh) 2007-06-11 2007-06-11 发电机组小旁路系统及其控制方法
PCT/CN2007/003431 WO2008151484A1 (fr) 2007-06-11 2007-12-03 Système de petite dérivation d'un ensemble générateur et procédé de commande associé

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2175104A1 EP2175104A1 (en) 2010-04-14
EP2175104A4 EP2175104A4 (en) 2012-06-06
EP2175104B1 true EP2175104B1 (en) 2016-06-08

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EP07845793.4A Not-in-force EP2175104B1 (en) 2007-06-11 2007-12-03 A small bypass system of a generator set and a controlling method thereof

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EP (1) EP2175104B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100473805C (zh)
WO (1) WO2008151484A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100439659C (zh) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-03 上海外高桥第三发电有限责任公司 发电机组旁路控制方法
CN102261268A (zh) * 2010-05-28 2011-11-30 中国神华能源股份有限公司 一种火力发电机组中低压旁路所需减温冷却水的控制方法
WO2014175871A1 (en) * 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Turbine protection system
CN103528630B (zh) * 2013-10-16 2016-06-08 国家电网公司 高压旁路蒸汽泄漏量及减温水流量的计算方法
CN110159363B (zh) * 2019-06-26 2023-10-27 国能龙源蓝天节能技术有限公司 拖动异步发电机的低压汽轮机带负荷启动的控制方法
CN111472847B (zh) * 2020-05-11 2024-04-12 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种防止轴封汽源管路积水的系统
CN115788612B (zh) * 2022-12-12 2024-06-11 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 一种压差透平膨胀机组的启停方式

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US4471446A (en) * 1982-07-12 1984-09-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Control system and method for a steam turbine having a steam bypass arrangement
JPS59170410A (ja) * 1983-03-18 1984-09-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd タ−ビンバイパス弁のスタンバイ方法
JPS60228710A (ja) * 1984-04-27 1985-11-14 Toshiba Corp 蒸気タ−ビンの制御装置
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JPS62101809A (ja) * 1985-10-29 1987-05-12 Hitachi Ltd 再熱系を有する一軸コンバインドプラント
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JPH09303114A (ja) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-25 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 蒸気冷却型ガスタービンを用いたコンバインドサイクル用蒸気サイクル
DE19921023A1 (de) * 1999-03-31 2000-07-13 Siemens Ag Kernkraftanlage mit einer Dampfturbinenanordnung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kernkraftanlage mit Dampfturbinenanordnung
JP4503995B2 (ja) * 2003-12-02 2010-07-14 株式会社東芝 再熱蒸気タービンプラントおよびその運転方法
CN1554856A (zh) * 2003-12-26 2004-12-15 东方汽轮机厂 防固体微粒侵蚀的汽轮机喷嘴静、动叶片及其热处理方法
EP1854964A1 (de) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Nutzung der Dampfturbine zur primären Frequenzregelung in Energieerzeugungsanlagen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101096918A (zh) 2008-01-02
EP2175104A1 (en) 2010-04-14
WO2008151484A1 (fr) 2008-12-18
CN100473805C (zh) 2009-04-01
EP2175104A4 (en) 2012-06-06

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