Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
  • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
  • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
  • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
  • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
  • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
  • B21C1/12—Regulating or controlling speed of drawing drums, e.g. to influence tension; Drives; Stop or relief mechanisms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
  • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing wires made of copper or of a copper alloy according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the suitable for this purpose is a method for producing wires made of copper or of a copper alloy according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Copper alloys for example, are standardized in the standard DIN EN 1044. In addition to copper as alloying additives, they contain cadmium, zinc, silicon, tin, manganese, nickel,
• the extrusion methods described can be used to produce wires or rods with different cross-sectional shapes. Round or square cross sections are preferred.
• the extruded wires are usually made to size by one or more cold drawing. In the case of alloys, only cold forming with a degree of deformation of between 25 and 30% is possible with each drawing process. The degree of deformation depends on the alloy chosen. With pure copper, a higher degree of deformation is achievable. The degree of deformation is defined as the ratio of the change in cross section relative to the initial cross section.
• Copper or copper alloys form a dark oxide skin of Cu (I ⁇ ) oxide at the surface at high temperatures and tend to embrittle at large changes in shape during the drawing or rolling processes.
• the raw wires emerging from the extruder to remove the oxide skin in dilute sulfuric acid must be pickled and then with To be rinsed with water.
• the embrittlement can be reversed by annealing.
• the cited patent documents avoid the formation of the oxide skin by spraying the hot wires emerging from the extruder with water from suitable spray nozzles to obtain "bright metallic" wires.
• the extrusion methods described can be used to produce wires or rods with different cross-sectional shapes. Round or square cross sections are preferred.
• the extruded wires are usually made to size by one or more cold drawing. With each drawing process, depending on the material, only cold forming with a degree of deformation between 25 and 50% is possible. The degree of deformation is defined here as the change in cross section relative to the initial cross section.
• the quality of the extrusion thus has a decisive influence on the subsequent operations.
• drawing equipment For pulling to finished dimension, drawing equipment is available, the heart of which are so-called diamond or carbide dies. They have a pull opening through which the wire is pulled. Since the pull opening is smaller than the wire diameter, the wire must be sharpened in a suitable device, before he can be threaded through the drawing opening. This process is time consuming and prevents continuous production of the ingot to the solder wire with finished size.
• Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a continuous process for producing a wire made of copper or a copper alloy, being produced without interruption, starting from the extrusion of a Gußblocks in only one subsequent drawing process, a bare metal wire with finished size.
• the process according to the invention is based on the extrusion processes known from the prior art. Copper or copper alloy are placed in the form of a cast pin (1) in an extruder (2) and pressed at a temperature above 500 0 C by a die (4) with one or more Matrizenöffhungen and then cooled in a cooling zone. The raw wire (s) (5) emerging from the matrix are drawn to finished dimensions in just one subsequent drawing process.
• the method comprises the following steps:
• the process allows multiple wires to be manufactured in parallel.
• the die of the extruder must have this many corresponding Extrusionsöffonne.
• the die is equipped with two extrusion ports.
• the following explanations relate only to the production of a wire.
• the procedures for each wire must be made independently. With the method, wires with different cross-sectional shapes can be produced, preferably wires with a round cross-section are produced.
• a stretching zone is arranged between the die and the cooling zone.
• Stretching zone is the temperature of the wire just behind the exit from the Matrize still so high that the wire has a plastic nature and can be drawn with relatively little effort in the length.
• the diameter of the die opening is larger by a factor of 1.4 to 2, preferably by a factor of 1.5 to 1.8, than the desired wire diameter after leaving the stretching zone.
• a larger die diameter reduces the requirements for the extrusion pressure of the extruder.
• the drawing speed for the wires behind the stretching zone is preferably between 0.5 and 1.5, in particular between 0.7 and 1.0 m / s.
• the tensile force for the stretching process can be introduced through a arranged behind the cooling zone stretching drive in the wire.
• To control the tensile force of the actual cross-section is measured after the exit of the wire from the water and before the stretch drive and compared with the desired cross-section.
• the actual cross section forms the controlled variable whose deviation from the nominal cross section is determined in a controller and used to determine the necessary change in the tractive force of the stretching drive.
• the desired cross-section of the wire can be determined, for example, with an optical wire thickness gauge.
• the length of the stretching zone between die and cooling zone can be between 30 and 500 mm long, preferably it has a length of 50 to 300 mm. Since the freshly extruded wire is still very hot in this zone, it is advisable to prevent the oxidation on the wire surface by infilling or flooding the stretching zone with a protective gas. Suitable shielding gases are argon or nitrogen, nitrogen is preferably used.
• the described extrusion with connected controlled stretching of the extruded raw wires leads to wires whose thickness variations are so far reduced that a single downstream drawing process is sufficient to pull the wires to finished size.
• the wire In order for this drawing process can be connected immediately without interruption after leaving the cooling zone, the wire must leave the cooling zone in a metallic blank.
• metallic bright is understood to mean that there is no black Cu (II) oxide on the surface of the solder wires, but only the unavoidable red Cu (I) oxide. Pickling of the wire for the purpose of removing the oxide skin can be done then omitted.
• the metallically bright surface of the wire behind the cooling zone is ensured by a plurality of measures:
• the wire is cooled in a tempered water at a temperature above 60, preferably above 80 0 C below 100 0 C.
• the wires are preferably pulled through the water bath within 1 to 10 seconds;
• the water bath is constantly swirled to prevent gas bubbles forming on the hot wire surface. This can be done, for example, that the wires are flowed across the running direction with hot water.
• the wire After cooling the wire in a water bath, it is drawn to finished size in a single drawing process. So that this drawing process can be integrated without interruption into the overall process, a split die was developed. As a result, the usual sharpening of the wire and threading into the die is unnecessary. After starting the extrusion, the beginning of the wire is inserted into the open die, the die is closed and the wire is drawn to finished size.
• the method is suitable in principle for all extrusion processes in which a continuous profile with reduced tolerances of the cross-sectional dimensions is to be produced.
• the method is preferably used for the production of wires made of copper or copper alloys containing addition of copper alloying additions of silver, cadmium, zinc, silicon, tin, manganese, nickel or phosphorus or combinations of these additives.
• the method makes it possible to produce a ready-made wire with a metallically bright surface in a continuous operation from a cast block.
• FIG. 1 Basic structure for carrying out the method
• Figure 1 shows the basic structure for carrying out the method.
• Reference numeral (1) denotes the cast bolt made of copper or a copper alloy. It is located in the extruder (2) and is held by a not shown external heating at a temperature of, for example, 600 0 C. With the punch (3), the cast bolt is pressed through an opening in a die (4).
• the extruded raw wire is designated by reference numeral (5).
• To the die (4) includes the stretching zone (I), in which the wire is only moderately cooled. To avoid oxidation of the wire, the stretching zone is filled or flooded, for example, with a protective gas.
• the still hot wire is cooled to a temperature below 100 0 C by passing through a tempered water bath (6), which is maintained at a temperature of at least 60 0 C.
• the water bath is shown in plan view of the water surface.
• the arrows directed from opposite sides to the raw wire (5) represent an inflow of the wire with water from a plurality of nozzles arranged along the wire in the water bath.
• the necessary water is circulated.
• there is an outlet at the bottom of the water bath through which a pump sucks water and feeds back to the water bath via the Anströmdüsen.
• the transverse flow of the wires prevents dert that gas bubbles settle on the wire surfaces and lead to a stained surface.
• a measuring system (7) for determining the cross-sectional dimensions of the wire is arranged. Suitable are mechanical or optical measuring systems.
• the measured signal is compared in the controller (8) with the value for the nominal cross section and output from the resulting control deviation a manipulated variable to the drive motor of the stretching drive (9). If the measured cross section is greater than the nominal cross section, the tensile force of the stretching drive is increased, resulting in a longitudinal expansion with a corresponding reduction of the cross section. Conversely, if the measured cross section is smaller than the desired cross section, the tensile force of the stretch drive is reduced. With this control, the tolerance of the cross-sectional dimensions of the extruded wire can be reduced from ⁇ 5% to less than ⁇ 3%.
• This processing station consists of a press with lower punch (12) and upper punch (13).
• the heart of this processing station is an arrangement of a die and a socket. Die and socket are split to allow insertion of the extrusion extruded wire while extrusion is in progress.
• One half of the assembly (14) is attached to lower and upper punch.
• the two punches of the press are moved apart. If the raw wire reaches this press, it is placed in the open die and the beginning of the wire is wound behind the die around the drawing drive (16). Then, the upper punch of the press is lowered onto the lower punch until the two separating surfaces of the drawing die lie one on top of the other.
• the draw drive pulls the wire through the die to finished size.
• the finished solder wire is wound on a winder not shown in FIG.
• Extrusion speed, stretching and drawing to finished size are matched during the entire duration of the process, so that the cast bolt can be extruded without interruption to an unavoidable rest.
• the pulling speed of the wires behind the cooling zone is between 0.5 and 1.5 m / s.
• FIG. 1 To facilitate the start of the process is located behind the first winding drive a so-called dancer (10), which can compensate for short-term speed differences between the individual processing stations of the process.
• Reference numeral 15 denotes a wire guide combined with a lubricating station.
• Figure 4 shows the arrangement of die and socket. It consists of the die (20) which is fixed in a socket (21). The die has a bore (23) whose axis forms a drawing axis. Die and socket are divided along the drawing axis. During wire drawing, both halves of the arrangement lie on one another with the parting surfaces (24) formed during the division and are positioned exactly to one another with pins in the pin holes (25). The threaded holes (26) in the socket serve to secure the halves of the assembly in the upper and lower punches of the press.
• the die may consist of hard metal or of diamond, preferably of a polycrystalline diamond.
• the bore of the die must be made exactly. Preference is given to doing so that first a preform of the die is fixed without drilling in the undivided version.
• the die is soldered into a socket made of steel. After inserting the pin holes in the socket, the arrangement is divided along the later drawing axis and the parting surfaces are smoothed. After staking the two halves of the arrangement, the drawing opening is produced as usual with undivided drawing dies.
• raw wires were extruded from the copper alloy Ag40Cu30Zn28Sn2 (designation according to DIN EN 1044: AG 105). These raw wires were then finished to a wire diameter of 1.5 mm.
• FIG. 2 shows the diameter values recorded with an optical measuring system over a wire length of 880 m.
• FIG. 2 shows the upper tolerance limit (TDC) at 1.9 mm and the lower tolerance limit (TDC) at 1.7 mm. These values correspond to a thickness tolerance of about ⁇ 5%.
• the nominal dimension of the wire diameter was set to 1.8 mm in this extrusion test, in order to have sufficient change in shape for the calibration pull and finishing pull to a diameter of 1.5 mm even with larger fluctuations in the wire diameter.
• the wires were drawn to a diameter of 1.7 mm with the calibration pull. Because of the large diameter variations of the extruded wires, the calibration train introduced corresponding variations in hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break in the wires. By intermediate annealing above the recrystallization temperature, these different mechanical properties were balanced before the wires were finished to a diameter of 1.5 mm.
• the comparative example was repeated with a second cast bolt.
• the tensile force has now been regulated.
• the nominal diameter of the wires was 1.7 mm.
• the measurement results for the diameters of the two wires is shown in FIG. 3 over a length of 980 m.
• FIG. 3 again shows upper and lower tolerance limits.
• the upper tolerance limit was 1.75 mm and the lower tolerance was 1.65 mm, corresponding to a diameter tolerance of ⁇ 3%.
• the diameter tolerance of the raw wire reduced by the method according to the invention made it possible to reduce the mean diameter of the raw wire from 1.8 to 1.7 mm without loss of sufficient deformation during the final drawing to a diameter of 1.5 mm. Calibration and intermediate annealing as in the comparative example were not necessary here.
• raw wires from the copper alloy Ag40Cu30Zn28Sn2 (designation according to DIN EN 1044: AG 105) were drawn with a metallically bright surface. These raw wires were then finished to a wire diameter of 1, 5 mm.
• a 10 kg casting bolt of said copper alloy was extruded in the extruder through a die with two round die openings of 2.9 mm diameter each into two parallel wires.
• the wire diameters were reduced to a nominal dimension of 1.7 mm by applying a controlled tensile force.
• the stretching zone was protected from atmospheric oxygen by passing it through with nitrogen.
• the stretching zone led directly into a tempered water bath. To swirl the water, the bath was equipped with a cross-flow device. The speed of the wires passed through the water bath was 1 m / s.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
• Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
• Continuous Casting (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Families Citing this family (12)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 2007
  • 2007-07-21 DE DE102007034093A patent/DE102007034093B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
  • 2008-07-11 JP JP2010517350A patent/JP2010534138A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-07-11 KR KR1020107001169A patent/KR20100042626A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-07-11 WO PCT/EP2008/059062 patent/WO2009013150A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2008-07-11 EP EP08786062A patent/EP2170551A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-07-11 BR BRPI0814270 patent/BRPI0814270A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-07-11 EA EA201000160A patent/EA201000160A1/ru unknown
  • 2008-07-11 US US12/668,627 patent/US20100192370A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-07-11 AU AU2008280307A patent/AU2008280307A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-07-11 CN CN200880025667A patent/CN101778694A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-07-11 MX MX2010000701A patent/MX2010000701A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-07-11 CA CA002692344A patent/CA2692344A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-07-15 CL CL2008002091A patent/CL2008002091A1/es unknown
  • 2008-07-18 PE PE2008001234A patent/PE20090673A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-07-21 AR ARP080103146A patent/AR067624A1/es unknown
• 2010
  • 2010-02-01 ZA ZA201000757A patent/ZA201000757B/xx unknown

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