EP2170281A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines arzneimittels enthaltend tadalafil - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines arzneimittels enthaltend tadalafilInfo
- Publication number
- EP2170281A1 EP2170281A1 EP08759325A EP08759325A EP2170281A1 EP 2170281 A1 EP2170281 A1 EP 2170281A1 EP 08759325 A EP08759325 A EP 08759325A EP 08759325 A EP08759325 A EP 08759325A EP 2170281 A1 EP2170281 A1 EP 2170281A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- peg
- tadalafil
- solid
- polyvinylpyrrolidone
- molecular weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- IEHKWSGCTWLXFU-IIBYNOLFSA-N tadalafil Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC([C@@H]2C3=C([C]4C=CC=CC4=N3)C[C@H]3N2C(=O)CN(C3=O)C)=C1 IEHKWSGCTWLXFU-IIBYNOLFSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229960000835 tadalafil Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007902 hard capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001030 Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008118 PEG 6000 Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002584 Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002538 Polyethylene Glycol 20000 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002594 Polyethylene Glycol 8000 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002582 Polyethylene Glycol 600 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001531 copovidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002535 Polyethylene Glycol 1500 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000604 Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002593 Polyethylene Glycol 800 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VUYXVWGKCKTUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontaethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO VUYXVWGKCKTUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002523 polyethylene Glycol 1000 Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N Alpha-lactose monohydrate Chemical compound O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003110 Primojel Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008389 polyethoxylated castor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008137 solubility enhancer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001767 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013583 drug formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OIQOAYVCKAHSEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,3-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy]ethanol;hexadecanoic acid;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound OCCOCC(OCCO)COCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OIQOAYVCKAHSEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFCZQVKVWGGQFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(=O)N=CC2=O FFCZQVKVWGGQFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000010228 Erectile Dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003134 Eudragit® polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003083 Kollidon® VA64 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000011016 Type 5 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010037581 Type 5 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005168 croscarmellose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000913 crospovidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010947 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- FYUWIEKAVLOHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl acetate;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C.C=CN1CCCC1=O FYUWIEKAVLOHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVPICKVDHDWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCN1CCCC1 MVPICKVDHDWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007948 fast release tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000001881 impotence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001021 lactose monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N oleyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126701 oral medication Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013809 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000523 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045902 sodium stearyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STFSJTPVIIDAQX-LTRPLHCISA-M sodium;(e)-4-octadecoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O STFSJTPVIIDAQX-LTRPLHCISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AIFRHYZBTHREPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-carboline Chemical compound N1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 AIFRHYZBTHREPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a medicament containing tadalafil, wherein tadalafil is mixed with suitable excipients and heated to a temperature of about 150 ° C to about 200 ° C.
- Tadalafil (IUPAC name: (6R, 12aR) - 6 - (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl) -2-methyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12a-octahydropyrazino [2, 1: 6,1] pyrido [3,4-b] indole-1,4-dione) belongs to the group of PDE-V (phosphodiesterase V) inhibitors used as an oral formulation for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (see e.g. WO01 / 08688).
- the production of tadalafil can be carried out, for example, according to Daugan A. et al. (2003) J. Med. Chem., 46, 4533-4542, wherein it contains as (6R, 12aR) - 2, 3, 6, 7, 12, 12a - hexahydro - 2
- the sparingly soluble in water tadalafil is soluble according to WO 01/08687 in water only to about 2 ug / ml. In order for oral formulations to have sufficiently high bioavailability despite the poor solubility of the active ingredient, it is necessary to improve the solubility.
- EP 1 269 994 A2 describes so-called concentration-improving polymers in order to obtain an improvement in the solubility of active ingredients.
- WO 96/38131 describes a process for preparing a solid dispersion which contains a sparingly soluble active substance.
- the solubility of the active ingredient should be improved by coprecipitation.
- attempts to release the active ingredient tadalafil have shown that tablets containing coprecipitates release the active ingredient more slowly than tablets containing pure active ingredient.
- coprecipitates also contain proportions of tadalafil particles which are not embedded in the solid, but are free. These free particles dissolve faster than the particles embedded in the coprecipitate. This may possibly lead to an undesirable, bimodal release of the Tadalafil.
- co-precipitates are difficult to reproduce, i. Large-scale production is complex.
- Another possibility for improving the solubility of poorly soluble active substances is the surface enlargement of the active substance particles by grinding or micronizing, as disclosed in WO 01/08688 or WO 01/08686. From WO01 / 08688 are oral Known formulations with rapid release. The desired solubility or release could be achieved by reducing the Tadalafil particle size to less than 40 microns.
- the grinding or micronizing of active ingredients can bring disadvantages. Micronized particles tend to agglomerate. This results in difficult-to-define particle sizes with again difficult defiesable solubility. A possible additional electrostatic charge of the drug also has a negative effect on the processability.
- Another possible disadvantage is the poor flowability of the ground active substance. In particular, when tablets are pressed or capsules are to be filled, further processing steps, for. B. granulation required. Despite small particles, the addition of much surfactant is often necessary to achieve sufficient solubility.
- soft capsules made of gelatin which are filled with a Tadalafil solution.
- the solvent used for tadalafil is a mixture of PEG (polyethylene glycol) 400 NF LA and polypropylene glycol.
- the capsules may be filled with a tadalafil suspension.
- soft capsules made of gelatin are known, being used as solvent for the active ingredient exclusively PEG 400 NF.
- Soft gelatin capsules however, have the disadvantage of complex filling. Here are z. As special machines and strictly air-conditioned production rooms needed. In contrast, hard capsules can be relatively easily filled with standard capsule filling machines that are equipped with semi-solid feeds instead of powder feeders. It can be used in addition to gelatin as capsule material on cellulose-based materials.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a process for the preparation of a medicament containing tadalafil, in which the abovementioned disadvantages and in particular the severe solubility of tadalafil are substantially avoided or circumvented.
- tadalafil can be processed very well at elevated temperatures as a solid or semi-solid solution and higher active ingredient concentrations or proportions in the formulation could be achieved than was described, for example, in WO 01/08687.
- the present invention therefore provides a process for the preparation of a medicament containing tadalafil, in which tadalafil with one or more suitable Excipients mixed and heated to a temperature of about 100 ° C to about 200 ° C, preferably about 150 ° C to about 200 0 C, in particular about 200 0 C is heated. In general, this is the minimum temperature above the softening temperature of the corresponding excipient.
- the term "about” according to the present invention generally means +/- 5% and in particular +/- 2% of the respective physical size.
- excipient generally includes all common excipients.
- tadalafil was in the form of solid or semisolid solutions.
- Fixed solutions are characterized by being transparent and strong.
- Semisolid solutions are characterized by being transparent and doughy, i. not liquid, are. These are thus viscous or highly viscous (honey-like) solutions.
- transparent means that the tadalafil usually present as a white powder is dissolved in the appropriate excipient.
- Thickening takes place in one step, and then subsequently filled into capsules.
- the mixture is up to about 2 hours, z. B. about 1 hour to about 3 hours, in particular about 1.5 hours to about 2.5 hours, heated above all about 2 hours to achieve a substantially complete melting of the excipients.
- the heating can be carried out in a common oven.
- the heating time can also be significantly less than one hour and when using an extruder, the heating time can be about 1 minute to about 5 minutes.
- auxiliaries or solvents have been found according to the present invention: polyethylene glycol (PEG), copovidone, a Polyoxyethylenglykolmonostearat, glycerol-Polyethylenglykol-ricinoleat, polyvinylpyrrolidone and / or vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- PEG is hereby selected above all from PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, PEG 800, PEG 1500, PEG 4000, PEG 6000, PEG 8000, PEG 10000 and / or PEG 2000, preferably from PEG 400, PEG 4000, PEG 6000 and / or PEG 20000 and in particular from PEG 400 and / or PEG 4000.
- the polyvinylpyrrolidone preferably has a molecular weight of about 40,000 and the vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer preferably has a molecular weight of about 60,000.
- other suitable auxiliaries be added.
- the heating can also be carried out advantageously in an extruder, whereby a homogeneous extrudate of active ingredient and excipient or solvent is obtained.
- the extrusion according to the invention is preferably carried out at an outlet pressure of about 10 bar to about 100 bar, preferably from about 20 bar to about 100 bar, in particular from about 20 bar to about 50 bar.
- subsequent temperature gradients are advantageous, in particular if vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer having a molecular weight of about 60,000 is used as adjuvant: gradient 1: 20-50-100-150-160-160-200 ° C with preferably about 50 bar outlet pressure or in particular gradient 2: 20-50-100- 150-200-200-200 ° C with preferably about 20 bar outlet pressure.
- auxiliaries or solvents have been found to be particularly advantageous: polyvinylpyrrolidone and / or vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, in particular polyvinylpyrrolidone having a molecular weight of about 40,000 and / or vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer having a molecular weight of about 60,000.
- the proportion of tadalafil in the solid or semi-solid solution or in the extrudate can therefore, according to the invention, be from about 2% by weight to about 15% by weight, preferably from about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight. %, especially at about 5 wt .-% to about 10 wt .-%, especially at about 7.5 wt .-% to about 10 wt .-% are. According to the present examples, approximately 7.5% by weight of tadalafil could be dissolved in the extrusion process according to the invention, otherwise even 10% by weight of tadalafil.
- oral drug formulations of tadalafil can be prepared according to the present examples.
- particularly drug formulations were advantageous as further excipient Ludipress ® or Kollidon ®, Kollidon ® CL, in particular, or mixtures of Avicel ®, Avicel ® PH 102 in particular, and Primojel ®; of Avicel and Kollidon ®, in particular Kollidon ® CL; from Fujicalin ® and Kollidon ®, in particular Kollidon ® CL; contain from L-HPC and LHI l and from Primojel ® and Ac-Di-Sol ®.
- the pure extrudate of tadalafil and Kollidon ® VA 64 was particularly advantageous because in this case the drug was fastest released.
- Another object of the present invention is therefore also a medicament containing a solid or semi-solid solution of tadalafil, which can be prepared by the process according to the invention, as described in more detail above.
- the solid solution of tadalafil is prepared by extrusion.
- the drug thus contains a solid or semi-solid solution of tadalafil, with preferably 80% of the tadalafil being released in vitro after 8-120 minutes, especially after 20 minutes.
- the medicine is z. B. as a tablet or in the form of a capsule, advantageously without further excipients before.
- the capsule is in particular a hard capsule z. On gelatin or HPMC basis.
- the dose of active substance When administered orally in humans, the dose of active substance generally ranges from about 1 to 20 mg per day.
- the following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it.
- Aerosil ® (Degussa GmbH) highly dispersed, hydrophilic silica Avicel ® (102/200; FMC Corp.) Microcrystalline cellulose
- Cellactose ® (Dairy Meggle Wasserburg GmbH & Co. KG): spray-dried mixture of 75% alpha-Lacotse monohydrate and 25% cellulose powder
- Cetiol ® (Cognis GmbH): decyl CMC: carboxymethylcellulose Cremophor ® EL (BASF AG): glycerol polyethyl English ykolricinoleat DEP: diethyl DBS: dibutyl
- Emdex ® J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH & Co. KG: malto-dextrin with a 93- 99% proportion of dextrose Eudragit ® (Rohm & Haas GmbH): acrylic polymer
- Fujicalin ® (Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate
- Gelucire ® (Gattefosse): semi-synthetic glycerides based on hydrogenated vegetable oils
- GMS glycerol monostearate
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose Klucel ® (Hercules Inc.): hydroxypropyl cellulose
- Kollidon ® Cl (BASF AG): crospovidone (crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone)
- Kollidon ® VA 64 (BASF AG): copovidone (copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate; average molecular weight of 60000 +/- 15000)
- Kollidon ® 30 (BASF AG): polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight of about 40,000
- Labrafil ® (Gattefosse): transesterified and polyethoxylated, nonionic triglycerides
- L-HPC (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.): low-substituted hydroxypropyl Lubritab ® (Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co.): hydrogenated vegetable oil
- Ludipress ® (BASF AG): composition of lactose Monohydrate (about 93.4%),
- Kollidon ® 30 polyvinylpyrrolidone having a molecular weight of about 40000, about 3.2%
- Kollidon ® CL crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, approximately 3.4%) and water ( ⁇ 6%)
- Lutrol ® (BASF AG): PEG
- Microcelac ® (Dairy Meggle Wasserburg GmbH & Co. KG): spray-dried composition consisting of microcrystalline cellulose (25%) and alpha-lactose monohydrate (75%)
- Miglyol ® (SASOL Germany GmbH): caprylic-capric acid triglyceride
- PEG Polyethylene glycol with the corresponding molecular weight of z. B. 4000, 6000, 8000 and 20000
- Pharmacoat ® (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.): hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- Pluronic ® BASF AG: polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer
- Primojel ® (Avebe BA): explosives based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and starch PRUV ® (JRS Pharma GmbH & Co. KG): sodium stearyl PVA: polyvinyl alcohol PVP: polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVP-VA copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl alcohol
- SDS sodium dodecylsulfate
- Solutol ® (BASF AG): diethylene Tagat ® (Goldschmidt AG): polyoxyethylene glycol monostearate TEC: triethyl
- tadalafil 0.5 g was mixed with 4.5 g of a polymer (homogenized) and heated in an oven at 200 0 C for two hours. It was then cooled to room temperature (1 hour). The active ingredient content was 10% by weight.
- the extrusion was carried out, depending on the mixture at an outlet temperature of 60-200 0 C and an outlet pressure of 10-100 bar.
- the extruder had 7 individually heatable cylinders in which two screws convey the material from the entrance to the outlet nozzle. Cylinder 1 is the entrance, where the powder mixture is metered. Cylinder 7 is the output, so the nozzle.
- the cylinders were preheated for several hours before use.
- Various temperature gradients were set for the extrusion, of which the following two have been found to be particularly optimal:
- the extrudate b of Example 3 was stored at 40 ° C for four weeks to study the stability of tadalafil. The experiment showed that essentially no difference was found in the chemical purity and release of tadalafil from the extrudate between the stored extrudate and the non-stored extrudate immediately after extrusion.
- Extrudate b from Example 3 was ground in a Comil and sieved. The mixture was then mixed with auxiliaries and the mixture was pressed into tablets of 340 mg.
- ground extrudate was used which was sieved through a 1000 ⁇ m sieve.
- the milled extrudate was first sieved through a 800 ⁇ m sieve, then through a 500 ⁇ m sieve. Table 1
- As Kollidon VA64, Kollidon ® 30, another PVP polymer or a polymer instead of PEG or HPMC is ground to an arbitrary, desired particle size and optionally sieved.
- magnesium stearate, talc and / or colloidal silica are coated.
- the granules are then in capsules (4), z.
- a solubility enhancer, eg SDS may be added before or after extrusion.
- a suitable hard capsule containing 20 mg of tadalafil is composed as follows: TABLE 2
- a polymer (2), z. As Kollidon ® VA64, Kollidon ® 30, another PVP polymer or a polymer instead of PEG or HPMC is ground to an arbitrary, desired particle size and optionally sieved. Subsequently, the granules with other excipients (3), z.
- cellulose cellulose derivatives, starches, starch derivatives, PVP, lactose, sugar or sugar alcohols, PEG, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, carrageenan, koaline and / or silica, mixed and then with a lubricant, for.
- HPMC polymethacrylates, PVA, PVP, PEG, CMC and / or copolymers of PVA, PVP and PEG as a coating agent (4), dibutyl sebacate, PEG, propylene glycol, TEC, DBT and / or DEP as plasticizer (5) and stearic acid, Magnesium stearate, stearic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oils, ethylene oxide; Glycerol mono-, di- or tri-stearate, talc and / or SDS as moisture protection against sticking (6).
- a solubility enhancer eg SDS, may be added before or after extrusion.
- a suitable hard capsule with an amount of active ingredient of 20 mg tadalafil is composed as follows: TABLE 3
- the active ingredient is in a heated adjuvant (2), z. B. PEG 600, Tagat ® and / or Cremophor ® EL with heating and optionally ultrasonic treatment dissolved, then with an excipient (3), z.
- the semi-solid mass is filled in hard capsules by means of a capsule filling machine for semi-solid substances.
- a solubility enhancer eg SDS, may be added before or after extrusion.
- a suitable hard capsule with an amount of active ingredient of 20 mg tadalafil is composed as follows: TABLE 4
- cellulose or HPC can also be used as thickener.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102007028869A DE102007028869A1 (de) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels enthaltend Tadalafil |
PCT/EP2008/005066 WO2009000493A1 (de) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines arzneimittels enthaltend tadalafil |
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EP2170281A1 true EP2170281A1 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
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EP08759325A Withdrawn EP2170281A1 (de) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines arzneimittels enthaltend tadalafil |
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US (2) | US9238007B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2170281A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5443344B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101525021B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN101720221A (ko) |
AU (1) | AU2008267431C1 (ko) |
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CA (1) | CA2691667C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE102007028869A1 (ko) |
EA (1) | EA022100B1 (ko) |
IL (1) | IL202783A (ko) |
UA (1) | UA95374C2 (ko) |
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-
2007
- 2007-06-22 DE DE102007028869A patent/DE102007028869A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-06-23 WO PCT/EP2008/005066 patent/WO2009000493A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-06-23 UA UAA201000594A patent/UA95374C2/ru unknown
- 2008-06-23 AU AU2008267431A patent/AU2008267431C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-23 US US12/665,309 patent/US9238007B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-23 EA EA201070046A patent/EA022100B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-23 BR BRPI0812807-3A2A patent/BRPI0812807A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-23 JP JP2010512607A patent/JP5443344B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-23 EP EP08759325A patent/EP2170281A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-06-23 CA CA2691667A patent/CA2691667C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-23 CN CN200880021058A patent/CN101720221A/zh active Pending
- 2008-06-23 KR KR1020107000944A patent/KR101525021B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2009
- 2009-12-15 ZA ZA2009/08965A patent/ZA200908965B/en unknown
- 2009-12-17 IL IL202783A patent/IL202783A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2015
- 2015-12-16 US US14/971,141 patent/US20160101103A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2009000493A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9238007B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
JP2010530858A (ja) | 2010-09-16 |
CA2691667A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
CN101720221A (zh) | 2010-06-02 |
AU2008267431A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
KR20100052453A (ko) | 2010-05-19 |
AU2008267431C1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
IL202783A (en) | 2017-01-31 |
US20160101103A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
ZA200908965B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
US20100179159A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
JP5443344B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
UA95374C2 (ru) | 2011-07-25 |
BRPI0812807A2 (pt) | 2014-12-02 |
WO2009000493A1 (de) | 2008-12-31 |
CA2691667C (en) | 2014-10-28 |
DE102007028869A1 (de) | 2008-12-24 |
IL202783A0 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
KR101525021B1 (ko) | 2015-06-04 |
EA022100B1 (ru) | 2015-11-30 |
EA201070046A1 (ru) | 2010-06-30 |
AU2008267431B2 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
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