EP2104580B1 - Mélange de matières de moulage à base d'hydrates de carbone - Google Patents

Mélange de matières de moulage à base d'hydrates de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2104580B1
EP2104580B1 EP07819173.1A EP07819173A EP2104580B1 EP 2104580 B1 EP2104580 B1 EP 2104580B1 EP 07819173 A EP07819173 A EP 07819173A EP 2104580 B1 EP2104580 B1 EP 2104580B1
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Prior art keywords
molding material
material mixture
casting
mold
proportion
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2104580B2 (fr
EP2104580A1 (fr
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Jens Müller
Diether Koch
Marcus Frohn
Jörg KÖRSCHGEN
Stefan Schreckenberg
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ASK Chemicals GmbH
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ASK Chemicals GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102006049379A external-priority patent/DE102006049379A1/de
Priority claimed from DE200610061876 external-priority patent/DE102006061876A1/de
Application filed by ASK Chemicals GmbH filed Critical ASK Chemicals GmbH
Priority to DE202007019192U priority Critical patent/DE202007019192U1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
    • B22C1/26—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of carbohydrates; of distillation residues therefrom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
    • B22C1/186—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents contaming ammonium or metal silicates, silica sols
    • B22C1/188—Alkali metal silicates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a molding material mixture for the production of casting molds for metal processing, which comprises at least one free flowing refractory molding base, a water glass based binder, and a proportion of a particulate metal oxide, which is selected from the group of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the production of molds for metal processing using the molding material mixture as well as a mold obtained by the method.
  • Molds for the production of metal bodies are essentially produced in two versions.
  • a first group form the so-called cores or forms. From these, the casting mold is assembled, which essentially represents the negative mold of the casting to be produced.
  • a second group form hollow bodies, so-called feeders, which act as a compensation reservoir. These take up liquid metal, whereby by appropriate Measures are taken to ensure that the metal remains in the liquid phase longer than the metal, which is located in the negative mold forming mold. If the metal solidifies in the negative mold, liquid metal can flow out of the compensation reservoir to compensate for the volume contraction that occurs when the metal solidifies.
  • Casting molds are made of a refractory material, such as quartz sand, whose grains are connected after molding of the mold by a suitable binder to ensure sufficient mechanical strength of the mold.
  • a refractory molding material which has been treated with a suitable binder.
  • the refractory molding base material is preferably present in a free-flowing form, so that it can be filled into a suitable mold and compacted there.
  • the binder produces a firm cohesion between the particles of the molding base material, so that the casting mold obtains the required mechanical stability.
  • Molds must meet different requirements. During the casting process itself, they must first of all have sufficient stability and temperature resistance in order to receive the liquid metal in the mold formed from one or more casting molds. After the start of the solidification process, the mechanical stability of the mold is ensured by a solidified metal layer, which forms along the walls of the mold. The material of the casting mold must now decompose under the influence of the heat given off by the metal in such a way that it loses its mechanical strength, that is to say the cohesion between individual particles of the refractory material is removed. This is achieved, for example, by decomposing the binder under heat. After cooling, the solidified casting is shaken, in the Ideally, the material of the molds again decomposes into a fine sand, which can pour out of the cavities of the metal mold.
  • both organic and inorganic binders can be used, the curing of which can be carried out in each case by cold or hot processes.
  • Cold processes are processes which are carried out essentially at room temperature without heating the casting mold.
  • the curing is usually carried out by a chemical reaction, which is triggered for example by the fact that a gas is passed as a catalyst through the mold to be cured.
  • hot processes the molding material mixture is heated to a sufficiently high temperature after molding to expel, for example, the solvent contained in the binder or to initiate a chemical reaction by which the binder is cured, for example, by crosslinking.
  • organic binders are often used for the production of casting molds, in which the curing reaction is accelerated by a gaseous catalyst or cured by reaction with a gaseous hardener. These methods are referred to as "cold-box" methods.
  • Ashland cold box process An example of the production of molds using organic binders is the so-called Ashland cold box process. It is a two-component system. The first component consists of the solution of a polyol, usually a phenolic resin. The second component is the solution of a polyisocyanate.
  • the curing reaction of polyurethane binders is a polyaddition, ie a reaction without elimination of by-products, such as water.
  • advantages of this cold-box process include good productivity, dimensional accuracy of the molds, and good engineering properties such as the strength of the molds, the processing time of the mixture of mold base and binder, etc.
  • Hot-curing organic processes include the hot-box process based on phenolic or furan resins, the warm box process based on furan resins, and the croning process based on phenolic novolac resins.
  • liquid resins are processed with a latent curing agent which is only effective at elevated temperatures to form a molding material mixture.
  • mold base materials such as quartz, chrome ore, zirconium, etc., are coated at a temperature of about 100 to 160 ° C with a liquid at this temperature phenol novolac resin. Hexamethylenetetramine is added as a reaction partner for the subsequent curing.
  • the shaping and curing take place in heatable tools, which are heated to a temperature of up to 300 ° C.
  • binder systems which are based on inorganic materials or contain at most a very small proportion of organic compounds.
  • binder systems have been known for some time. Binder systems have been developed which can be cured by the introduction of gases. Such a system is for example in the GB 782,205 described in which an alkali water glass is used as a binder, which can be cured by the introduction of CO 2 . In the DE 199 25 167 will describe an exothermic feeder mass containing an alkali silicate as a binder. Furthermore, binder systems have been developed which are self-curing at room temperature.
  • thermosetting binder systems are for example from US 5,474,606 in which a binder system consisting of alkali water glass and aluminum silicate is described.
  • inorganic binders also have disadvantages compared to organic binders.
  • the casting molds made with water glass as a binder have a relatively low strength. This results in particular in the removal of the mold from the tool to problems because the mold can break. Good strength at this time is particularly important for the production of complicated, thin-walled moldings and their safe handling. The reason for the low strength is primarily that the casting molds still contain residual water from the binder. Longer dwell times in the hot, closed tool only help to a limited degree because the steam does not escape sufficiently can.
  • Molds made with water glass as a binder often show poor disintegration after metal casting.
  • the binder can be vitrified under the influence of the hot metal, so that the mold is very hard and can be removed only with great effort from the casting. Attempts have therefore been made to add organic components to the molding material mixture which burn under the influence of the hot metal and, as a result of pore formation, facilitate disintegration of the casting mold after casting.
  • a binder mixture for the consolidation of molding sand which consists of an alkali metal silicate, preferably sodium silicate, a polyhydric alcohol and other additives, wherein as additives modified carbohydrates, non-hygroscopic starch, a metal oxide and a filler are provided.
  • modified carbohydrate a non-hygroscopic starch hydrolyzate having a reducing power of 6 to 15% is used, which can be added as a powder.
  • the non-hygroscopic starch and the metal oxide, preferably iron oxide are added in an amount of 0.25 to 1% by weight of the amount of sand. Possibly. may be added to the binder mixture, a lubricant in powder form or as an oil.
  • the binder mixture is preferably cured by the use of CO 2 or a chemical catalyst.
  • a binder composition for the production of molds which comprises an alkali metal silicate having a modulus SiO 2 / M 2 O of from 2.0 to 3.22 and a polyhydroxy compound.
  • the binder is mixed with a refractory base molding material for the production of molds and cured after forming the mold by gassing with carbon dioxide.
  • polyhydroxy compounds for example, mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasaccharides are used, whereby no high demands are placed on the purity of these compounds.
  • a molding material mixture for the production of molds which in addition to a refractory molding material comprises a binder composition, which a mixture of 100 parts of a cereal-derived glue, 2 to 20 parts of sugar and 2 to 20 parts of a halogen acid or a salt of a halogen acid.
  • a suitable salt is, for example, ammonium chloride.
  • the glue is made by partially hydrolyzing starch. To produce a casting mold, the molding material mixture is first brought into the desired shape and then heated to a temperature of at least 175-180 ° C.
  • a molding material mixture for the production of molds which in addition to a refractory mold base comprises a water-containing binder which contains an alkali metal silicate compatible with the alkali metal silicate oxidizing agent and, based on the solution, 9 to 40 wt .-% of an easily oxidizable organic material .
  • the oxidizing agent for example, nitrates, chromates, dichromates, permanganates or chlorates of the alkali metals can be used.
  • starch, dextrins, cellulose, hydrocarbons, synthetic polymers, such as polyethers or polystyrene, and hydrocarbons, such as tar can be used as easily oxidisable material.
  • the molding material mixture can be cured by heating or by gassing with carbon dioxide.
  • a molding material mixture for the production of casting molds which comprises a binder based on an alkali metal silicate, in particular water glass, in addition to a refractory molding material.
  • the binder amorphous silica is added in a proportion corresponding to the solution of the binder 2 to 75%.
  • the amorphous silica has a particle size in the range of about 2 to 500 nm.
  • the binder has a modulus SiO 2 : M 2 O of 3.5 to 10, wherein M stands for an alkali metal.
  • the invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a molding material mixture for the production of molds for metal processing, which comprises at least one refractory molding material and a water glass based binder system, wherein the molding material mixture contains a proportion of a particulate metal oxide, which is selected from Group of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide, which allows the production of casting molds with complex geometry and may include, for example, thin-walled sections, after casting the casting obtained should already have a high surface quality.
  • a particulate metal oxide which is selected from Group of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide
  • casting molds based on inorganic binders can be prepared by the addition of carbohydrates to the molding material mixture, which have high strength both immediately after production and during prolonged storage. Further, after the casting of the metal, a casting having a very high surface quality is obtained, so that after the removal of the casting mold, only a slight finishing of the surface of the casting is required. This is a significant advantage because it can significantly reduce the cost of producing a casting in this way. In the case of casting, compared to other organic additives such as acrylic resins, polystyrene, polyvinyl esters or polyalkyl compounds, a significantly lower smoke development is observed, so that the workload for the employees there can be significantly reduced.
  • organic additives such as acrylic resins, polystyrene, polyvinyl esters or polyalkyl compounds
  • the molding material mixture contains a carbohydrate as further constituent.
  • a refractory molding base material can be used for the production of molds usual materials.
  • the refractory base molding material must have sufficient dimensional stability at the temperatures prevailing during metal casting.
  • a suitable one refractory molding material is therefore characterized by a high melting point.
  • the melting point of the refractory molding base is preferably higher than 700 ° C, preferably higher than 800 ° C, more preferably higher than 900 ° C, and most preferably higher than 1000 ° C.
  • quartz or zircon sand are suitable as refractory mold bases.
  • fibrous refractory mold bases are suitable, such as chamotte fibers.
  • Other suitable refractory mold bases are, for example, olivine, chrome ore sand, vermiculite.
  • Next artificial refractory mold raw materials glass beads, glass granules or known under the name "Cerabeads ®” or “Carboaccucast ®” spherical ceramic mold raw materials can be used as refractory mold raw materials such as aluminum silicate hollow spheres (microspheres called.).
  • These artificial refractory mold bases are synthetically manufactured or, for example, fall as waste in industrial processes.
  • These spherical ceramic mold bases contain as minerals, for example mullite, corundum, ⁇ -cristobalite in different proportions. They contain as essential proportions alumina and silica. Typical compositions contain, for example, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 in approximately equal proportions.
  • the diameter of the spherical refractory mold bases is preferably less than 1000 microns, especially less than 600 microns.
  • Aluminum silicate microbubbles result from the combustion of fossil fuels or other combustible materials and are separated from the ashes produced during combustion.
  • Hollow microspheres as an artificial refractory base molding material are characterized by a low specific weight. This is due to the structure of these artificial refractory mold bases which comprise gas-filled pores. These pores can be open or closed. Preference is given to using closed-cell artificial refractory molding base materials. When using open-pored artificial refractory mold raw materials, a part of the water glass-based binder is absorbed in the pores and can then develop no binding effect.
  • glass materials are used as artificial molding bases. These are used in particular either as glass beads or as glass granules.
  • Conventional glasses can be used as the glass, with glasses showing a high melting point being preferred. Suitable examples are glass beads and / or glass granules, which is made of glass breakage.
  • borate glasses are also suitable. The composition of such glasses is exemplified in the table below. Table: Composition of glasses component glass breakage borate glass SiO 2 50 - 80% 50 - 80% Al 2 O 3 0 -15% 0 - 15% Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 2% ⁇ 2% M II O 0 - 25% 0 - 25% M I 2 O 5 - 25% 1 - 10% B 2 O 3 ⁇ 15% Otherwise. ⁇ 10% ⁇ 10% M II : alkaline earth metal, eg Mg, Ca, Ba M I : alkali metal, eg Na, K
  • the diameter of the glass beads is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m and particularly preferably 10 to 400 ⁇ m.
  • the refractory base molding material is formed by glass materials.
  • the proportion of the glass material on the refractory molding base material is preferably less than 35 wt .-%, more preferably less than 25 wt .-%, particularly preferably less than 15 wt .-% selected.
  • the fraction of the glass material on the refractory molding base material is preferably greater than 0.5% by weight, preferably greater than 1% by weight, particularly preferably greater than 1.5% by weight. , particularly preferably greater than 2 wt .-% selected.
  • the preferred proportion of the artificial molding base materials is at least about 3 wt .-%, more preferably at least 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 10 wt .-%, preferably at least about 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least about 20 Wt .-%, based on the total amount of refractory molding material.
  • the refractory molding base material preferably has a free-flowing state, so that the molding material mixture according to the invention can be processed in conventional core shooting machines.
  • the proportion of artificial refractory mold raw materials is kept low.
  • the proportion of the artificial refractory mold raw materials in the refractory molding base material less than 80 wt .-%, preferably less than 75 wt .-%, more preferably less than 65 wt .-%.
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention comprises a water glass-based binder.
  • a water glass while standard water glasses can be used, as they are already used as binders in molding material mixtures. These water glasses contain dissolved sodium or potassium silicates and can be prepared by dissolving glassy potassium and sodium silicates in water.
  • the water glass preferably has a modulus SiO 2 / M 2 O in the range of 1.6 to 4.0, in particular 2.0 to 3.5, wherein M is sodium and / or potassium.
  • the water glasses preferably have a solids content in the range of 30 to 60 wt .-%. The solids content refers to the amount of SiO 2 and M 2 O contained in the water glass.
  • the molding material mixture contains a proportion of a particulate metal oxide selected from the group of silica, alumina, titania and zinc oxide.
  • the average primary particle size of the particulate metal oxide may be between 0.10 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size of the metal oxides is preferably less than 300 ⁇ m, preferably less than 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 100 ⁇ m. It is preferably in the range of 5 to 90 .mu.m, more preferably 10 to 80 .mu.m, and most preferably in the range of 15 to 50 microns.
  • the particle size can be determined, for example, by sieve analysis. Particularly preferably, the sieve residue on a sieve with a mesh width of 63 ⁇ m is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 8% by weight.
  • particulate metal oxide silica is used, in which case synthetically produced amorphous silica is particularly preferred.
  • Precipitated silica is obtained by reaction of an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution with mineral acids. The resulting precipitate is then separated, dried and ground.
  • Fumed silicas are understood to mean silicic acids which are obtained by coagulation from the gas phase at high temperatures.
  • the production of fumed silica for example, by flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride or in the electric arc furnace by reduction of silica sand with coke or anthracite to silicon monoxide gas followed by oxidation to silica.
  • the pyrogenic silicas produced by the arc furnace process may still contain carbon.
  • Precipitated silica and fumed silica are equally well suited for the molding material mixture according to the invention. These silicas are hereinafter referred to as "synthetic amorphous silica”.
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention contains a carbohydrate. Both mono- or disaccharides and relatively high molecular weight oligosaccharides or polysaccharides can be used.
  • the carbohydrates can be used both as a single compound and as a mixture of different carbohydrates.
  • the purity of the carbohydrates used are not excessive requirements. It is sufficient if the carbohydrates, based on the dry weight, in a purity of more than 80 wt .-%, more preferably more than 90 wt .-%, more preferably more than 95 wt .-%, in each case based on the dry weight.
  • the monosaccharide units of the carbohydrates can be linked as desired.
  • the carbohydrates preferably have a linear structure, for example an ⁇ - or ⁇ -glycosidic 1,4-linkage.
  • the carbohydrates may also be wholly or partially 1,6-linked, such as.
  • the amount of carbohydrate is preferably chosen to be relatively low.
  • the aim is to keep the proportion of organic components in the molding material mixture as low as possible so that the smoke development caused by the thermal decomposition of these organic compounds is suppressed as far as possible. Therefore, relatively small amounts of carbohydrate are added to the molding material mixture, wherein a significant improvement in the strength of the casting molds before casting or a significant improvement in the quality of the surface of the casting can already be observed.
  • the proportion of the carbohydrate, based on the refractory molding material greater than 0.01 wt .-%, preferably greater than 0.02 wt .-%, more preferably greater than 0.05 wt .-% selected.
  • a high proportion of carbohydrate causes no further improvement in the strength of the casting mold or the surface quality of the casting.
  • the amount of carbohydrate, based on the refractory molding base material is preferably less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2.5% by weight, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0, 4 wt .-% selected.
  • low levels of carbohydrates in the range of more than 0.1 wt .-% lead to significant effects.
  • the proportion of carbohydrate in the molding material mixture, based on the refractory molding material preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 0.4 wt .-%. At levels of more than 0.5% by weight of carbohydrate, no significant improvement in properties is achieved, so amounts of more than 0.5% by weight of carbohydrate are not required per se.
  • the carbohydrate is used in underivatized form.
  • Such carbohydrates can be favorably obtained from natural sources, such as plants, for example, cereals or potatoes.
  • the molecular weight of such derived from natural sources Carbohydrates can be lowered for example by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis, for example to improve the solubility in water.
  • underivatized carbohydrates which are thus composed only of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
  • derivatized carbohydrates can be used in which, for example, a part or all hydroxy groups are etherified with, for example, alkyl groups.
  • Suitable derivatized carbohydrates are, for example, ethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • oligosaccharides or polysaccharides are glucose or sucrose.
  • an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide is particularly preferred to use an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide as the carbohydrate.
  • the oligosaccharide or polysaccharide have a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 100,000 g / mol, preferably 2,000 and 30,000 g / mol.
  • the carbohydrate has a molecular weight in the range of 5,000 to 20,000 g / mol, a significant increase in the strength of the mold is observed, so that the mold can be easily removed from the mold during manufacture and transported. Even with prolonged storage, the mold shows a very good strength, so that even for a series production of castings required storage of the molds, even over several days in the event of access of humidity, readily possible. Also, the resistance to exposure to water, such as is inevitable when applying a size to the casting mold, is very good.
  • the polysaccharide is composed of glucose units, these being particularly preferably linked to ⁇ - or ⁇ -glycosidic 1,4.
  • carbohydrate compounds which contain, in addition to glucose, other monosaccharides, such as galactose or fructose, as an additive according to the invention.
  • suitable carbohydrates are lactose ( ⁇ - or ⁇ -1,4-linked disaccharide from galactose and glucose) and sucrose (disaccharide from ⁇ -glucose and ⁇ -fructose).
  • the carbohydrate is particularly preferably selected from the group of cellulose, starch and dextrins and derivatives of these carbohydrates.
  • Suitable derivatives are, for example, derivatives completely or partially etherified with alkyl groups.
  • starches especially the naturally occurring starches, such as potato, corn, rice, peas, banana, horse chestnut or wheat starch can be used. But it is also possible to use modified starches, such as swelling starch, low-boiling starch, oxidized starch, citrate starch, acetate starch, starch ethers, starch esters or starch phosphates. There is no limit to the choice of strength per se.
  • the starch may, for example, be low-viscosity, medium-viscosity or high-viscosity, cationic or anionic, cold-water-soluble or hot-water-soluble.
  • the dextrin is particularly preferably selected from the group of potato dextrin, maize dextrin, yellow dextrin, white dextrin, borax dextrin, cyclodextrin and maltodextrin.
  • the molding material mixture preferably comprises additionally a phosphorus-containing compound.
  • a phosphorus-containing compound can be used per se.
  • the phosphorus in the phosphorus-containing compounds is preferably present in the oxidation state V.
  • the addition of phosphorus-containing compounds the stability of the mold can be further increased. This is particularly important when metal casting, the liquid metal strikes a sloping surface and there because of the high metallostatic pressure exerts a high erosion effect or can lead to deformation in particular thin-walled portions of the mold.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound is preferably present in the form of a phosphate or phosphorus oxide.
  • the phosphate can be present as alkali metal or as alkaline earth metal phosphate, with alkali metal phosphates and especially the sodium salts being particularly preferred. As such, ammonium phosphates or phosphates of other metal ions can also be used.
  • the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates mentioned as being preferred are readily available and are available inexpensively in amounts which are in themselves arbitrary.
  • Phosphates of polyvalent metal ions, especially trivalent metal ions are not preferred. It has been observed that when using such phosphates of polyvalent metal ions, in particular trivalent metal ions, the processing time of the molding material mixture is shortened.
  • the phosphorus oxide is preferably present in the form of phosphorus pentoxide. However, it can also find Phosphortri- and Phosphortetroxid use.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound in the form of the salts of the fluorophosphoric acids may be added to the molding material mixture.
  • the salts of monofluorophosphoric acid particularly preferred is the sodium salt.
  • organic phosphates are added to the molding material mixture as the phosphorus-containing compound.
  • alkyl or aryl phosphates Preference is given here to alkyl or aryl phosphates.
  • the alkyl groups preferably comprise 1 to 10 carbon atoms and may be straight-chain or branched.
  • the aryl groups preferably comprise 6 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the aryl groups may also be substituted by alkyl groups.
  • Particularly preferred are phosphate compounds derived from monomeric or polymeric carbohydrates such as glucose, cellulose or starch.
  • the use of a phosphorus-containing organic component as an additive is advantageous in two respects. On the one hand can be achieved by the phosphorus content, the necessary thermal stability of the mold and on the other hand, the surface quality of the corresponding casting is positively influenced by the organic content.
  • phosphates both orthophosphates and polyphosphates, pyrophosphates or metaphosphates can be used.
  • the phosphates can be prepared, for example, by neutralization of the corresponding acids with a corresponding base, for example an alkali metal base, such as NaOH, or optionally also an alkaline earth metal base, wherein not necessarily all negative charges of the phosphate ion must be saturated by metal ions.
  • a corresponding base for example an alkali metal base, such as NaOH, or optionally also an alkaline earth metal base, wherein not necessarily all negative charges of the phosphate ion must be saturated by metal ions.
  • Both the metal phosphates and the metal hydrogen phosphates and the metal dihydrogen phosphates can be used, such as Na 3 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 and NaH 2 PO 4 .
  • the anhydrous phosphates as well as hydrates of the phosphates can be used.
  • the phosphates can be introduced into the
  • Polyphosphates are understood in particular to be linear phosphates which comprise more than one phosphorus atom, the phosphorus atoms being connected in each case via oxygen bridges. Polyphosphates are obtained by condensation of orthophosphate ions with elimination of water, so that a linear chain of PO 4 tetrahedra is attached, which are each connected via corners. Polyphosphates have the general formula (O (PO 3 ) n ) (n + 2) - , where n corresponds to the chain length. A polyphosphate may comprise up to several hundred PO 4 tetrahedra. However, polyphosphates with shorter chain lengths are preferably used. N preferably has values of 2 to 100, particularly preferably 5 to 50. It is also possible to use higher-condensed polyphosphates, ie polyphosphates, in which the PO 4 tetrahedra are connected to one another via more than two corners and therefore exhibit polymerization in two or three dimensions.
  • Metaphosphates are understood to mean cyclic structures composed of PO 4 tetrahedra connected by vertices. Metaphosphates have the general formula ((PO 3 ) n ) n- , where n is at least 3. Preferably, n has values of 3 to 10.
  • Both individual phosphates and mixtures of different phosphates and / or phosphorus oxides can be used.
  • the preferred proportion of the phosphorus-containing compound is between 0.05 and 1.0 wt .-%. With a proportion of less than 0.05 wt .-%, no significant influence on the dimensional stability of the mold to determine. When the proportion of the phosphate exceeds 1.0% by weight, the tear strength of the casting mold sharply decreases.
  • the proportion of phosphorus-containing compound is selected between 0.10 and 0.5 wt .-%.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound preferably contains between 0.5 and 90% by weight of phosphorus, calculated as P 2 O 5 .
  • inorganic phosphorus compounds contain preferably 40 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 50 to 80% by weight of phosphorus, calculated as P 2 O 5 . If organic phosphorus compounds are used, these preferably contain from 0.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 20% by weight, of phosphorus, calculated as P 2 O 5 .
  • the phosphorus-containing compound may be added per se in solid or dissolved form of the molding material mixture.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound is preferably added to the molding material mixture as a solid. If the phosphorus-containing compound is added in dissolved form, water is preferred as the solvent.
  • Iron oxide as a possible additive was also considered in the inventors' study of the stability and disintegration of molds. When iron oxide is added to the molding material mixture, an increase in the stability of the casting mold during metal casting is likewise observed. The addition of iron oxide can thus also potentially improve the stability of thin-walled sections of the casting mold. The addition of iron oxide, however, does not cause the improvement in the disintegration properties of the casting mold after casting, in particular iron casting, observed during the addition of phosphorus-containing compounds.
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention represents an intensive mixture of at least the constituents mentioned.
  • the particles of the refractory molding material are preferably coated with a layer of the binder.
  • a firm cohesion between the particles of the refractory base molding material can then be achieved.
  • the binder i. the water glass as well as the particulate metal oxide, in particular synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide, and the carbohydrate are contained in the molding material mixture preferably in a proportion of less than 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably in a range of 1 to 15 wt .-%.
  • the proportion of the binder refers to the solids content of the binder. If massive refractory mold bases are used, such as quartz sand, the binder is preferably present in a proportion of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 8% by weight, more preferably less than 5% by weight. If refractory mold bases are used which have a low density, such as the hollow microspheres described above, the proportion of binder increases accordingly.
  • the particulate metal oxide in particular the synthetic amorphous silica, based on the total weight of the binder, preferably in a proportion of 2 to 80 wt .-%, preferably between 3 and 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 4 and 50 wt .-%.
  • the ratio of water glass to particulate metal oxide, especially synthetic amorphous silica can be varied within wide ranges.
  • This offers the advantage of the initial strength of the mold, ie the strength immediately after removal from the hot tool, and the moisture resistance without significantly affecting the ultimate strengths, ie, the strengths after cooling of the mold, over a waterglass binder without amorphous silica. This is of great interest especially in light metal casting.
  • high initial strengths are desired in order to be able to easily transport these after the production of the casting mold or to assemble them with other casting molds.
  • the final strength after curing should not be too high to avoid difficulties in binder decay after casting, ie the molding base should be easily removed from mold cavities after casting.
  • the molding material contained in the molding material mixture according to the invention may contain at least a proportion of hollow microspheres in one embodiment of the invention.
  • the diameter of the hollow microspheres is usually in the range of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 10 to 350 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the shell is usually in the range of 5 to 15% of the diameter of the microspheres.
  • These microspheres have a very low specific gravity, so that the molds produced using hollow microspheres have a low weight.
  • Particularly advantageous is the insulating effect of the hollow microspheres.
  • the hollow microspheres are therefore used in particular for the production of molds, if they are to have an increased insulating effect.
  • Such casting molds are, for example, the feeders already described in the introduction, which act as a compensation reservoir and contain liquid metal, wherein the metal should be kept in a liquid state until the metal filled into the mold has solidified.
  • Another application of casting molds containing hollow microspheres are, for example, sections of a casting mold which correspond to particularly thin-walled sections of the finished casting mold. Due to the insulating effect of Hollow microspheres ensure that the metal in the thin-walled sections does not prematurely solidify and thus clog the paths within the mold.
  • the binder due to the low density of these hollow microspheres, is preferably used in a proportion in the range of preferably less than 20% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 18% by weight.
  • the values relate to the solids content of the binder.
  • the hollow microspheres preferably have a sufficient temperature stability, so that they do not prematurely soften during metal casting and lose their shape.
  • the hollow microspheres are preferably made of an aluminum silicate. These aluminum silicate microbubbles preferably have an aluminum oxide content of more than 20% by weight, but may also have a content of more than 40% by weight.
  • Such hollow microspheres are obtained, for example, from Omega Minerals Germany GmbH, Norderstedt, under the designations Omega- Spheres® SG with an aluminum oxide content of approximately 28-33%, Omega- Spheres® WSG with an aluminum oxide content of approximately 35-39% and E- Spheres ® with an aluminum oxide content of about 43% in the trade. Corresponding products are available from the PQ Corporation (USA) under the name "Extendospheres ®".
  • hollow microspheres are used as the refractory molding base, which are made of glass.
  • the hollow microspheres consist of a borosilicate glass.
  • the borosilicate glass has a proportion of boron, calculated as B 2 O 3 , of more than 3% by weight.
  • the proportion of hollow microspheres is preferably chosen to be less than 20% by weight, based on the molding material mixture.
  • at Use of borosilicate glass microballoons preferably a small proportion is selected. This is preferably less than 5 wt .-%, preferably less than 3 wt .-%, and is more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 2 wt .-%.
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention in a preferred embodiment contains at least a proportion of glass granules and / or glass beads as refractory molding base material.
  • the molding material mixture contains an oxidizable metal and a suitable oxidizing agent.
  • the oxidizable metals preferably form a proportion of 15 to 35 wt .-%.
  • the oxidizing agent is preferably added in a proportion of 20 to 30 wt .-%, based on the molding material mixture.
  • Suitable oxidizable metals are, for example, aluminum or magnesium.
  • Suitable oxidizing agents are, for example, iron oxide or potassium nitrate.
  • Binders containing water result in poorer flowability of the molding material mixture as compared to organic solvent based binders.
  • the flowability of the molding material mixture can be further deteriorated by the addition of the particulate metal oxide. This means that molds with narrow passages and several deflections can be filled worse. As a result, the molds have portions with insufficient compaction, which in turn can lead to casting defects during casting.
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention contains a proportion of a lubricant, preferably a platelet-shaped lubricant, in particular graphite, MoS 2 , talc and / or pyrophillite.
  • the amount of added platelet-shaped lubricant, in particular graphite, is preferably 0.05 wt .-% to 1 wt .-%, based on the refractory molding material.
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention may also comprise further additives.
  • internal release agents can be added which facilitate the separation of the molds from the mold. Suitable internal release agents are e.g. Calcium stearate, fatty acid esters, waxes, natural resins or special alkyd resins.
  • silanes can also be added to the molding material mixture according to the invention.
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention contains an organic additive which has a melting point in the range from 40 to 180 ° C., preferably from 50 to 175 ° C., ie is solid at room temperature.
  • Organic additives are understood to be compounds whose molecular skeleton is composed predominantly of carbon atoms, that is, for example, organic polymers.
  • the inventors assume that at least some of the organic additives are burnt during the casting process, thereby creating a thin gas cushion between liquid metal and the mold base forming the wall of the casting mold and thus a reaction between liquid metal and molding base material is prevented. Further, the inventors believe that some of the organic additives are lower than the reducing ones of the casting Atmosphere forms a thin layer of so-called lustrous carbon, which also prevents a reaction between metal and mold base material. As a further advantageous effect, an increase in the strength of the casting mold after curing can be achieved by adding the organic additives.
  • the organic additives are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 1.5% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 1.3% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, respectively based on the refractory molding material added.
  • the proportion of organic additives is preferably chosen to be less than 0.5% by weight.
  • Suitable organic additives are, for example, phenol-formaldehyde resins, e.g. Novolacs, epoxy resins such as bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins or epoxidized novolacs, polyols such as polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, copolymers of olefins such as ethylene or propylene, and other comonomers, such as vinyl acetate, polyamides such as polyamide-6, polyamide-12 or polyamide-6,6, natural resins such as gum rosin, fatty acids such as stearic acid, fatty acid esters such as cetyl palmitate, fatty acid amides such as ethylenediamine bisstearamide, and metallic soaps such as for example stearates or oleates of monovalent to trivalent
  • the molding material mixture according to the invention contains a proportion of at least one silane.
  • Suitable silanes are, for example, aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, Mercaptosilanes, hydroxysilanes, methacrylsilanes, ureidosilanes and polysiloxanes.
  • silanes examples include ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) -trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- ⁇ (aminoethyl) - ⁇ - aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • silane based on the particulate metal oxide
  • the casting molds produced using the molding material mixture according to the invention show good disintegration after casting, in particular in aluminum casting.
  • casting molds can be produced with the molding material mixture according to the invention, which also show a very good disintegration during iron casting, so that the molding material mixture can easily be poured out again from narrow and crooked sections of the casting mold after casting.
  • the use of the molded articles produced from the molding material mixture according to the invention is therefore not limited to light metal casting.
  • the molds are generally suitable for casting metals. Such metals are, for example, non-ferrous metals, such as brass or bronze, and ferrous metals.
  • the procedure is generally such that initially the refractory molding base material is introduced and then the binder is added with stirring.
  • the water glass and the particulate metal oxide, in particular the synthetic amorphous silica, and the carbohydrate can be added per se in any order.
  • the carbohydrate may be added in dry form, for example in the form of starch powder. But it is also possible to add the carbohydrate in dissolved form. Preference is given to aqueous solutions of the carbohydrate. The use of aqueous solutions is particularly advantageous if, as in the case of glucose syrup, they are already available as a solution due to the production process.
  • the solution of carbohydrate may also be mixed with the water glass prior to addition to the refractory base stock. Preferably, the carbohydrate is added in solid form to the refractory base molding material.
  • the carbohydrate can be introduced into the molding material mixture by enveloping a suitable carrier, for example other additives or the refractory molding material with a solution of the corresponding carbohydrate.
  • a suitable carrier for example other additives or the refractory molding material
  • a suitable carrier for example other additives or the refractory molding material
  • water or an organic solvent can be used.
  • water is preferably used as the solvent.
  • a drying step may be performed after coating. This can be done, for example, in a drying oven or under the action of microwave radiation.
  • the additives described above may be added per se in any form of the molding material mixture. They can be added individually or as a mixture. They can be added in the form of a solid, but also in the form of solutions, pastes or dispersions. If added as a solution, paste or dispersion, water is preferred as the solvent. It is also possible to use the water glass used as a binder as a solvent or dispersion medium for the additives.
  • the binder is provided as a two-component system, wherein a first liquid component contains the water glass and a second solid component contains the particulate metal oxide.
  • the solid component may further comprise, for example, the phosphate and optionally a, preferably platelet, lubricant. If the carbohydrate is added in solid form to the molding material mixture, this can also be added to the solid component.
  • the refractory molding base material is placed in a mixer and then preferably first the solid component (s) of the binder is added and mixed with the refractory molding base material.
  • the mixing time is chosen so that an intimate mixing of refractory base molding material and solid binder component takes place.
  • the mixing time depends on the amount of the molding material mixture to be produced and on the mixing unit used.
  • the mixing time is selected between 1 and 5 minutes.
  • the liquid component of the binder is then added and then the mixture is further mixed until a uniform layer of the binder has formed on the grains of the refractory base molding material.
  • a liquid component is understood to mean both a mixture of different liquid components and the totality of all liquid individual components, the latter also being able to be added individually.
  • a solid component is understood as meaning both the mixture of individual or all of the solid components described above and the entirety of all solid individual components, the latter being able to be added to the molding material mixture jointly or else successively.
  • the liquid component of the binder may also first be added to the refractory base molding material and only then be fed to the solid component of the mixture.
  • first 0.05 to 0.3% of water, based on the weight of the molding material is added to the refractory molding material and only then the solid and liquid components of the binder are added.
  • the molding material mixture is then brought into the desired shape.
  • customary methods are used for the shaping.
  • the molding material mixture can be shot by means of a core shooting machine with the aid of compressed air into the mold.
  • the molding material mixture is then cured by supplying heat in order to evaporate the water contained in the binder. Upon heating, the molding material mixture is deprived of water. Due to the removal of water, condensation reactions between silanol groups are presumably also initiated, so that a cross-linking of the water glass occurs.
  • cold oxidation process for example, by introducing carbon dioxide or by polyvalent metal cations precipitation of poorly soluble compounds and thus solidification of the mold causes.
  • the heating of the molding material mixture can be done for example in the mold. It is possible to fully cure the mold already in the mold. But it is also possible to cure the mold only in its edge region, so that it has sufficient strength to be removed from the mold can.
  • the casting mold can then be completely cured by removing further water. This can be done for example in an oven. The dehydration can for example also be done by the water is evaporated at reduced pressure.
  • the curing of the molds can be accelerated by blowing heated air into the mold.
  • a rapid removal of the water contained in the binder is achieved, whereby the mold is solidified in suitable periods for industrial use.
  • the temperature of the injected air is preferably 100 ° C to 180 ° C, particularly preferably 120 ° C to 150 ° C.
  • the flow rate of the heated air is preferably adjusted to cure the mold in periods suitable for industrial use. The periods depend on the size of the molds produced. It is desirable to cure in less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 2 minutes. For very large molds, however, longer periods may be required.
  • the removal of the water from the molding material mixture can also be carried out in such a way that the heating of the molding material mixture is effected by irradiation of microwaves.
  • the radiation is preferably made after the mold has been removed from the mold.
  • the casting mold must already have sufficient strength. As already explained, this can be achieved, for example, by curing at least one outer shell of the casting mold already in the molding tool.
  • Casting molds that are cold-cured by the introduction of carbon dioxide are therefore not suitable for displaying castings of very complicated geometry and narrow passages with multiple baffles, such as oil passages in internal combustion engines, since the casting mold does not achieve the required stability and the casting mold after Metal casting can only be completely removed from the casting with great effort.
  • thermal curing the water is largely removed from the casting mold and during metal casting a significantly lower postcuring of the casting mold is observed. After the metal casting, the mold shows a much better disintegration than casting molds by introducing Carbon dioxide were cured. Thermal curing also makes it possible to produce molds that are suitable for the production of castings with very complex geometry and narrow passages.
  • the flowability of the molding material mixture according to the invention can be improved by the addition of, preferably platelet-shaped, lubricants, in particular graphite and / or MoS 2 and / or talc.
  • talc-like minerals such as pyrophyllite, can improve the flowability of the molding material mixture.
  • the platelet-shaped lubricant, in particular graphite and / or talc can be added separately from the two binder components of the molding material mixture.
  • the molding material mixture may also comprise other organic additives as already described.
  • the addition of these other organic additives can be done per se at any time during the preparation of the molding material mixture.
  • the addition of the organic additive can be carried out in bulk or in the form of a solution.
  • the amount of organic additives is preferably chosen to be low, in particular preferably less than 0.5% by weight, based on the refractory molding base material.
  • the total amount of organic additives, including the carbohydrate, less than 0.5 wt .-% is selected, based on the refractory molding material.
  • Water-soluble organic additives can be used in the form of an aqueous solution. If the organic additives are soluble in the binder and are stable in storage over several months in the binder, they can also be dissolved in the binder and so on be added together with this the molding material. Water-insoluble additives may be used in the form of a dispersion or a paste. The dispersions or pastes preferably contain water as the dispersing medium. As such, solutions or pastes of the organic additives can also be prepared in organic solvents. However, if a solvent is used for the addition of the organic additives, water is preferably used.
  • the addition of the organic additives is carried out as a powder or as a short fiber, wherein the average particle size or the fiber length is preferably selected so that it does not exceed the size of the refractory molding base particles.
  • the organic additives can be sieved through a sieve with the mesh size of about 0.3 mm.
  • the particulate metal oxide and the organic additive (s) are preferably not added separately to the molding sand but are premixed.
  • Contains the molding material silanes or siloxanes they are usually added in the form that they are incorporated in advance in the binder.
  • the silanes or siloxanes may also be added to the molding base as a separate component.
  • an organic additive is added to the molding material mixture or the particulate metal oxide, it is expedient to do so before the silanization.
  • the inventive method is in itself suitable for the production of all casting molds customary for metal casting, that is to say, for example, of cores and molds. It is also particularly advantageous to produce casting molds which comprise very thin-walled sections.
  • the inventive method for the production of feeders is.
  • the molds produced from the molding material mixture according to the invention or with the inventive method have a high strength immediately after the production, without the strength of the molds after curing is so high that difficulties after the production of the casting occur during removal of the mold.
  • the casting mold has very good disintegration properties both in light metal casting, in particular aluminum casting, and in iron casting.
  • these molds have a high stability at elevated humidity, i.
  • the casting molds can also be stored without problems for a long time.
  • the mold has a very high stability under mechanical stress, so that even thin-walled portions of the mold can be realized without these being deformed by the metallostatic pressure during the casting process.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore a mold, which was obtained by the inventive method described above.
  • the casting mold according to the invention is generally suitable for metal casting, in particular light metal casting. Particularly advantageous results are obtained in aluminum casting.
  • Georg Fischer test bars are cuboid test bars measuring 150 mm x 22.36 mm x 22.36 mm.
  • the composition of the molding material mixture is given in Table 1.
  • the Georg Fischer test bars were prepared as follows:
  • the components listed in Table 1 were mixed in a laboratory blade mixer (Vogel & Schemann AG, Hagen, DE). For this purpose, initially the quartz sand was introduced and added with stirring the water glass. As a water glass, a sodium water glass was used, which had proportions of potassium. In the tables below, the modulus is therefore given as SiO 2 : M 2 O, where M is the sum of sodium and potassium. After the mixture was stirred for one minute, the amorphous silica and / or the carbohydrate were added, if necessary, with further stirring. The mixture was then stirred for an additional 1 minute;
  • the molding material mixtures were transferred to the storage bunker of a H 2.5 hot-box core shooting machine from Röperwerk-G manmaschinen GmbH, Viersen, DE, whose mold had been heated to 200 ° C.;
  • the molding material mixtures were introduced into the mold by means of compressed air (5 bar) and remained in the mold for a further 35 seconds;
  • hot air (2 bar, 120 ° C on entering the mold) was passed through the mold during the last 20 seconds;
  • test bars were placed in a Georg Fischer strength testing machine equipped with a 3-point bending device (DISA Industrie AG, Schaffhausen, CH) and the force was measured which resulted in the breakage of the test bars.
  • Example 1.1 shows that sufficient hot strengths can not be achieved without the addition of amorphous silica or a carbohydrate.
  • the shelf life of the cores produced with molding material mixture 1.1 shows that with this no reliable core production is possible.
  • the hot strengths can be increased (Example 1.2 and 1.3), so that the cores have sufficient strength to process them directly after the core production.
  • the addition of amorphous silica improves the shelf life of the cores, especially at high relative humidity.
  • carbohydrate compounds, in particular of dextrin compounds Example 1.4
  • Example 1.4 surprisingly similar to the case of the amorphous silica leads to the improvement of the hot strength.
  • Georg Fischer test bars of the molding material mixtures 1.1 to 1.8 were installed in a sand casting mold such that three of the four longitudinal sides come into contact with the casting metal during the casting process. Casting was done with an aluminum alloy type 226 at a casting temperature of 735 ° C. After cooling the casting mold, the casting was freed from the sand by means of high-frequency hammer blows. The castings were assessed for remaining sand buildup.
  • the cast cut of the mixture 1.1 shows as well as the mixtures 1.2 and 1.3 very strong sand buildup.
  • the carbohydrate-containing molding material mixture (mixture 1.4) has a positive influence on the casting surface quality.
  • the Ausgusschnchnitte mixtures 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 also have hardly any Sandanhaftept, whereby in these cases, the positive influence of carbohydrates (here in the form of dextrin and ethylcellulose) on the cast surface quality is confirmed. Even the addition of only 0.1% dextrin (mixture 1.8) produces a significant improvement in the surface quality compared to the carbohydrate-free comparison (mixture 1.3).

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Claims (15)

  1. Mélange de matières à mouler pour la fabrication de moules de coulée pour la transformation des métaux, comprenant au moins :
    - un matériau de base de moule réfractaire ;
    - un liant à base de verre soluble ;
    - une fraction d'un oxyde métallique sous forme de particules, lequel est choisi dans le groupe du dioxyde de silicium, de l'oxyde d'aluminium, de l'oxyde de titane et de l'oxyde de zinc ;
    caractérisé par le fait qu'un glucide est ajouté au mélange de matières à mouler.
  2. Mélange de matières à mouler selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la fraction du glucide, par rapport au matériau de base de moule réfractaire, est choisie dans la plage de 0,01 à 5% en poids, de préférence dans la plage de 0,02 à 2,5% en poids, de façon particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 0,05 à 2,5% en poids, de façon tout particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 0,1 à 0,4% en poids.
  3. Mélange de matières à mouler selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que :
    - le glucide est un oligo- ou polysaccharide, l'oligo- ou polysaccharide présentant une masse moléculaire dans la plage de 1000 à 100000 g/mol, de préférence de 2000 et 30000 g/mol; et/ou
    - le polysaccharide est constitué d'unités glucose ; et/ou
    - le glucide est choisi dans le groupe de la cellulose, de l'amidon et des dextrines, ainsi que des dérivés de ces hydrates de carbone ; et/ou
    - le glucide est un glucide non transformé en dérivé.
  4. Mélange de matières à mouler selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la dextrine est choisie dans le groupe de la dextrine de pomme de terre, de la dextrine de maïs, de la dextrine jaune, de la dextrine blanche, de la dextrine de borax, de la cyclodextrine et de la maltodextrine ; et/ou l'amidon est choisi dans le groupe de l'amidon de pomme de terre, de maïs, de riz, de pois, de bananes, de marrons d'Inde ou de blé.
  5. Mélange de matières à mouler selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un phosphate est ajouté au mélange de matières à mouler, de préférence un orthophosphate, métaphosphate ou polyphosphate, et/ou le phosphate est un phosphate organique, lequel est issu, de préférence, du groupe des alkylphosphates, des arylphosphates ou des phosphates à teneur en glucide.
  6. Mélange de matières à mouler selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que :
    - la fraction du composé contenant du phosphore, par rapport au matériau de base de moule réfractaire, est choisie entre 0,05 et 1,0% en poids ; et/ou
    - le composé contenant du phosphore présente une teneur en phosphore de 0,5 à 90% en poids, calculée en tant que P2O5.
  7. Mélange de matières à mouler selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que :
    - l'oxyde métallique sous forme de particules est choisi dans le groupe de la silice précipitée et de la silice pyrogénée ; et/ou
    - le verre soluble présente un module SiO2/M2O dans la plage de 1,6 à 4,0, en particulier de 2,0 à 3,5, M représentant des ions sodium et/ou des ions potassium ; et/ou
    - le verre soluble présente une fraction en matières solides de SiO2 et M2O dans la plage de 30 à 60% en poids ; et/ou
    - le liant est contenu dans le mélange de matières à mouler dans une fraction inférieure à 20% en poids ; et/ou
    - l'oxyde métallique sous forme de particules est contenu dans une fraction de 2 à 80% en poids, par rapport au liant.
  8. Mélange de matières à mouler selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le matériau de base de moule contient au moins une fraction de microsphères creuses, les microsphères creuses étant, de préférence, des microsphères creuses de silicate d'aluminium et/ou des microsphères creuses de verre.
  9. Mélange de matières à mouler selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que :
    - le matériau de base de moule contient au moins une fraction de granulés de verre, de perles de verre et/ou de corps de forme céramiques sous forme de billes ; et/ou
    - le matériau de base de moule contient au moins une fraction de mullite, de sable de minerai de chrome et/ou d'olivine ; et/ou
    - un métal oxydable et un agent oxydant sont ajoutés au mélange de matières à mouler ; et/ou
    - le mélange de matières à mouler contient une fraction d'un lubrifiant sous forme de paillettes, le lubrifiant sous forme de paillettes étant choisi, de préférence, parmi le graphite, le sulfure de molybdène, le talc et/ou la pyrophyllite.
  10. Mélange de matières à mouler selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le mélange de matières à mouler contient une fraction d'au moins un additif organique solide à la température ambiante ; et/ou le mélange de matières à mouler contient au moins un silane ou siloxane.
  11. Procédé de fabrication de moules de coulée pour la transformation des métaux, comportant les étapes de :
    - préparation d'un mélange de matières à mouler selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10;
    - moulage du mélange de matières à mouler ;
    - durcissement du mélange de matières à mouler moulé, dans lequel le mélange de matières à mouler moulé est chauffé, à l'occasion de quoi le moule de coulée durci est obtenu.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que le mélange de matières à mouler est chauffé à une température se situant dans la plage de 100 à 300°C.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 12 caractérisé par le fait que :
    - de l'air chauffé est insufflé dans le mélange de matières à mouler moulé pour le durcissement ; et/ou
    - le chauffage du mélange de matières à mouler est réalisé par l'action de micro-ondes ; et/ou
    - le moule de coulée est une masselotte.
  14. Moule de coulée obtenu par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13.
  15. Utilisation du moule de coulée selon la revendication 14 pour la coulée de métaux, notamment la coulée de métaux légers.
EP07819173.1A 2006-10-19 2007-10-19 Mélange de matières de moulage à base d'hydrates de carbone Active EP2104580B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202007019192U DE202007019192U1 (de) 2006-10-19 2007-10-19 Kohlenhydrathaltige Formstoffmischung

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006049379A DE102006049379A1 (de) 2006-10-19 2006-10-19 Phosphorhaltige Formstoffmischung zur Herstellung von Giessformen für die Metallverarbeitung
DE200610061876 DE102006061876A1 (de) 2006-12-28 2006-12-28 Kohlenhydrathaltige Formstoffmischung
PCT/EP2007/009108 WO2008046651A1 (fr) 2006-10-19 2007-10-19 Mélange de matières de moulage à base d'hydrates de carbone

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CN111163644A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2020-05-15 罗地亚经营管理公司 用于干燥多糖的方法
KR102638138B1 (ko) * 2018-03-30 2024-02-16 이메리스 유에스에이, 인크. 산화된 물질을 포함하는 샌드 캐스팅용 조성물 및 이의 제조 방법 및 용도
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CN111253150A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-09 武汉理工大学 一种电子封装用莫来石-刚玉复合陶瓷基片的制备方法
DE102020119013A1 (de) 2020-07-17 2022-01-20 HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Artikels zur Verwendung in der Gießereiindustrie, entsprechende Form, Kern, Speiserelement oder Formstoffmischung sowie Vorrichtungen und Verwendungen
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DE102022116209A1 (de) * 2022-06-29 2024-01-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Einbettmasse, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Gussform sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils durch Gießen

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DE202007019192U1 (de) 2011-02-03
EP2104580B2 (fr) 2022-02-23
JP2010506730A (ja) 2010-03-04
CA2666760C (fr) 2014-10-28
US20100224756A1 (en) 2010-09-09
PL2104580T5 (pl) 2023-02-20
KR20090076979A (ko) 2009-07-13
KR101420891B1 (ko) 2014-07-30
PL2104580T3 (pl) 2017-02-28
HUE029506T2 (en) 2017-02-28
CA2666760A1 (fr) 2008-04-24
AU2007312540B2 (en) 2011-09-22
AU2007312540A1 (en) 2008-04-24
WO2008046651A1 (fr) 2008-04-24
EA015239B1 (ru) 2011-06-30
EA200970391A1 (ru) 2010-02-26
ES2593078T5 (es) 2022-05-31
MX2009004130A (es) 2009-06-03
JP5170813B2 (ja) 2013-03-27
BRPI0718281B1 (pt) 2015-09-15
BRPI0718281A2 (pt) 2013-11-19
EP2104580A1 (fr) 2009-09-30

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