EP2102260A1 - Dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane exemptes d'amines volatiles - Google Patents

Dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane exemptes d'amines volatiles

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Publication number
EP2102260A1
EP2102260A1 EP08707836A EP08707836A EP2102260A1 EP 2102260 A1 EP2102260 A1 EP 2102260A1 EP 08707836 A EP08707836 A EP 08707836A EP 08707836 A EP08707836 A EP 08707836A EP 2102260 A1 EP2102260 A1 EP 2102260A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyol
mixture
polymer
alkaline metal
hydroxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08707836A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2102260B1 (fr
Inventor
Gabriele Costa
Vito Alanzo
Giuseppe Li Bassi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lamberti SpA
Original Assignee
Lamberti SpA
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Publication of EP2102260A1 publication Critical patent/EP2102260A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
    • C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
    • C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/302—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3225—Polyamines
    • C08G18/3228—Polyamines acyclic
    • C08G18/3231—Hydrazine or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
    • C08G18/4269—Lactones
    • C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6692—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/34
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
    • C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
    • C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
    • C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
    • C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09D175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/0838—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds
    • C08G18/0842—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds in the presence of liquid diluents
    • C08G18/0861—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds in the presence of liquid diluents in the presence of a dispersing phase for the polymers or a phase dispersed in the polymers
    • C08G18/0866—Manufacture of polymers in the presence of non-reactive compounds in the presence of liquid diluents in the presence of a dispersing phase for the polymers or a phase dispersed in the polymers the dispersing or dispersed phase being an aqueous medium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/34—Carboxylic acids; Esters thereof with monohydroxyl compounds
    • C08G18/348—Hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
    • C08G18/4808—Mixtures of two or more polyetherdiols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
    • C08G18/758—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing two or more cycloaliphatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09D175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes free from volatile amines which are useful for the preparation of coatings for leather, paper, metals, textiles and plastics.
  • the anionic groups of the polyurethanes of the aqueous dispersions of the present invention are carboxylic groups.
  • Aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes have been known for a long time and used in various fields, due to the high chemical and mechanical resistance of films which are obtained by evaporation of their liquid phase, and to their eco-compatibility.
  • the neutralizing agents which are commonly used in the preparation of anionic polyurethane dispersions are volatile tertiary organic amines.
  • the films obtained from aqueous dispersions containing volatile amines incorporate traces of amines and maintain a certain residual bad smell; in specially sensible applications, such as on paper, this drawback may even jeopardize the use of the dispersions.
  • EP 1153051 reports that the polyurethane coagulates during application if inorganic alkali are used in the neutralization and the polyurethane does not contain polyoxyethylene chains.
  • US 4,501 ,852 does not describe aqueous dispersions of polyurethanes that do not contain polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene side chains.
  • the neutralization is not performed directly with an alkaline metal base on the carboxylic groups, but the carboxylic groups are first neutralized with a volatile organic base and alkaline metal salts of acids having pKa higher than 0 are subsequently added, in order to substitute, at least in part, the volatile organic base, that later can be distilled off.
  • the Applicant verified that the aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes obtained from the procedure of the invention, when properly cross-linked, may be used to prepare polyurethane films having high chemical and mechanical resistance.
  • the fundamental object of the present invention is a procedure for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes devoid of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene side chains that comprises the following steps: a) preparing a pre-polymer containing from 2 to 10% by weight of -NCO groups and from 10 to 100 meq (milliequivalents) of carboxylic groups by reacting i) at least one polyol comprising a -COOH group, ii) at least one non ionic polyol, iii) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate; b) dispersing the pre-polymer in an aqueous solution containing an alkaline metal hydroxide, at temperature between 5° and 30°C, the amount of alkaline metal hydroxide being enough to neutralize at least 60% of the carboxylic groups of the pre-polymer; c) extending the pre-polymer by addition of a polyamine, maintaining the following steps:
  • a further object of the present invention is represented by stable from 20 to 50% by weight aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethane devoid of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene side chains, which are free from volatile amines, and wherein the polyurethanes are obtained from the extension with polyamine of pre-polymers comprising from from 2 to 10% by weight of -NCO groups and from 10 to 100 meq of carboxylic groups in the form of salts of alkaline metal cations and obtained by reaction of i) at least one polyol containing a -COOH group, ii) at least one non ionic polyol, iii) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate.
  • a method to prepare polyurethane films free from amines comprising the following steps: a) preparing a pre-polymer containing from 2 to 10% by weight of -NCO groups and from 10 to 100 meq of carboxylic groups by reaction of i) at least one polyol containing a -COOH group, ii) at least one non ionic polyol, iii) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate; b) dispersing the pre-polymer in an aqueous solution containing an alkaline metal hydroxide, at temperature between 5° and 30°C, the amount of alkaline metal hydroxide being enough to neutralize at least 60% of the carboxylic groups of the pre-polymer; c) extending the pre-polymer by addition of a polyamine, maintaining the temperature between 5 and 40°C, and obtaining a 20 to 50% by weight aqueous dispersion of
  • the polyols containing a carboxylic group utilizable in the procedure of the invention are polyols having carboxylic groups with relatively low reactivity, for example carboxylic acids having two substituents on the carbon atom in alpha to the carboxyl, such as the 2,2-dimethylolalkanoic acids.
  • carboxylic acids having two substituents on the carbon atom in alpha to the carboxyl such as the 2,2-dimethylolalkanoic acids.
  • the polyol comprising a carboxylic group is 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropanoic acid.
  • non ionic polyols useful for the preparation of the anionic polyurethanes of the invention are typically polyalkylene ether glycols or polyester polyols
  • the utilizable polyalkylene ether glycols are those having molecular weight from 400 to 4,000, more preferably from 1 ,000 to 2,000.
  • polyalkylene ether glycols are, without being limited to them, polypropylene ether glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol and mixture thereof.
  • the polyol may also be a polyester having terminal hydroxyl groups and can be used in combination with, or instead of, the polyalkylene ether glycols.
  • polyesters are those obtained from the reaction of acids, esters or acyl halides with glycols.
  • Suitable glycols are polyalkylene glycols, such polypropylene or tetramethylene glycol; substituted methylene glycol, such as 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-propane diol; cyclic glycols, such as cyclohexanediol, and aromatic glycols; these glycols are reacted with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids or with alkyl esters of low molecular weight alcohols or with compounds which are able to form ester linkages, to obtain polymers having relatively low molecular weight, and preferably having melting point below 70°C and molecular weight like the one cited above for polyalkylene ether glycols.
  • the acids which are useful for the preparation of said polyesters are, by way of example, phthalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid and hexahydrophthalic acid, and their alkyl and halogenated derivatives.
  • Hydroxyl terminated polycaprolactone can also be used.
  • the polyisocyanates iii) are 1 ,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene-bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate), isophorone diisocyanate or mixture thereof.
  • the pre-polymer may optionally be prepared in the presence of a solvent, which is water miscible and non-reactive with the pre-polymer functional groups.
  • aliphatic ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
  • aliphatic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone (NEP)
  • glycol ethers such as dipropyleneglycol dimethyl ether (DMM)
  • DDM dipropyleneglycol diacetate
  • aliphatic esters such as dipropyleneglycol diacetate, cyclic or linear aliphatic carbonate, among which we cite propylene carbonate.
  • the solvent is added in minimal amounts to regulate the viscosity of the pre-polymer and of the dispersion.
  • step a it is also possible to add one (or more) aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocianate iii); also in this case, the total -NCO free groups which are present for the extension of step c), and partly belong to the pre-polymer and partly to the polyisocyanate, must represent from 2 to 10% by weight; the addition of a polyisocyanate allows to regulate the viscosity of the pre-polymer before extension, and of the dispersion itself.
  • step b) it is preferable to perform the dispersion of step b) in the presence of a surfactant, such as an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, and to use an amount of alkaline metal hydroxide enough to neutralize at least 80% of the carboxylic groups of the pre-polymer.
  • a surfactant such as an ethoxylated fatty alcohol
  • the alkaline metal hydroxide utilizable for the realization of the invention are lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
  • the best dispersions, when thermal stability and particle size distribution are considered, are obtained with sodium hydroxide and with lithium hydroxide, the latter being more preferred.
  • the polyamine utilizable in step c) of the procedure is an amine bearing at least two amino groups which are reactive towards the -NCO groups of the pre-polymer, that is, primary or secondary amino groups.
  • step c) it is possible to use a mixture of polyamine.
  • Examples of utilizable polyamines are hydrazine, ethylenediamine, piperazine, 1 ,5-pentanediamine, 1 ,6-dihexanediamine, isophoronediamine, diethylenetriamine.
  • step c) The temperature and duration of step c) and the amount of polyamine are determined to exhaust the free -NCO groups which are present in the pre-polymer.
  • the polyamine is hydrated hydrazine or 1 ,5-pentanediamine.
  • aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes obtained from the procedure of the invention are stable, that is they do not generate visible sediments when maintained in closed vessel at ambient temperature for 180 days, at 50 0 C for 30 days and at 65°C for 15 days; they are homogeneous.
  • volatile amines we mean tertiary amines and correspondent ammonium salts, that during the polyurethane film formation, which occurs at temperatures varying from ambient temperature to 90°C until an anhydrous film is obtained, evaporate at least for 90% of their amount.
  • the aqueous dispersions of anionic polyurethanes obtained from the procedure of the invention have Brookfield viscosity comprised between 20 and 1 ,000 mPa*s, preferably between 20 and 500 mPa*s; they are colourless or whitish, being transparent or having a milky aspect.
  • the films obtained by drying the dispersions of the invention have mechanical properties which are comparable to those of films from dispersions where volatile amines have been used as neutralizing agents.
  • the dispersions of the invention in which lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide have been used have particle size distribution and dimensions which are similar to those of analogue dispersions neutralized with triethylamine or dimethylethanolamine.
  • the dispersions from lithium hydroxide provide films with blistering characteristics in water which similar to those obtained from a volatile amine.
  • the procedure of the invention when completed by the anionic polyurethane cross-linking step d) performed with a water dispersible polyisocyanate, provides films suitable for use in various fields, and particularly in the leather and paper fields.
  • the film obtained after cross-linking as a matter of fact, have very good hydrolytic and mechanical resistance, good adhesion on paper, leather and skins and have no smell.
  • the water dispersible polyisocyanates which are utilizable as cross-linkers in step d) of the procedure of the invention are polyisocyanate having isocyanate functionality higher or equal to 3 and whose water dispersibility is due to polyoxyethylene side chains or ionic groups; optionally, the water dispersible polyisocyanates are used in step d) in diluted form, in organic solvents which are soluble in water, by way of example in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone (NEP), glycol ethers, such as dipropyleneglycol dimethyl ether (DMM), aliphatic esters, such as dipropyleneglycol diacetate, cyclic or linear aliphatic carbonate, among which we cite propylene carbonate.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • NEP N-ethylpyrrolidone
  • glycol ethers such as dipropyleneglycol dimethyl ether (DMM)
  • the amount of crosslinker added may range from 1 to 10% by weight on the dispersion solid content.
  • water dispersible polyisocyanates which cross-link at ambient temperature in 30 to 360 minutes from their addition the aqueous dispersion of the invention are used.
  • Step e) according to the invention shall therefore take place within 30-360 minutes from the crosslinker addition, depending on the reactivity of the crosslinker towards the polyurethane.
  • Polyol 1 polycaprolactone diol, having molecular weight 830 g/mol;
  • Polyol 2 polypropylene ether glycol, having molecular weight 4,000 g/mol;
  • Polyol 3 polypropylene ether glycol, having molecular weight 2,000 g/mol
  • Polyol 4 polytetramethylene ether glycol, having molecular weight 1 ,000 g/mol;
  • Polyol 5 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid
  • Surfactant 1 8 moles ethoxylated C 10 -C 16 linear alcohol
  • Polyisocyanate 1 4,4'-methylene-bis-(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate).
  • Polyisocyanate 2 isophorone diisocyanate
  • a reaction vessel equipped with internal thermometer, stirrer and cooler, was filled, under nitrogen atmosphere and at room temperature, with 223.7 g (538.98 meq) of Polyol 1 (fed at 40 0 C), 47.2 g (704.203 meq) of Polyol 5 and 105.0 g of N-ethylpyrrolidone. The mixture was heated to 40° C and stirred for 30 minutes. 325.7 g (2486.366 meq) of Polyisocyanate 1 were added under stirring to the homogeneous mixture which was then maintained at 60°C for 30 minutes.
  • reaction temperature was brought to 95° C and maintained for approximately 1 hours, until the titrimetric determination of the free -NCO groups still present gave a calculated value of 7.45% by weight (value determined in this example as well as in the other examples according to the standard method ASTM D2572).
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 30% and it has a stable, finely divided and transparent aspect.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 30% and it has a stable, finely divided and milky aspect.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 30% and it has a stable, finely divided and transparent aspect.
  • Pre-polymer B Preparation of an aqueous anionic polyurethane dispersion using lithium hydroxide as the neutralizing agent of a pre-polymer obtained from Polyisocyanate 2 (Pre-polymer B).
  • a reaction vessel equipped with internal thermometer, stirrer and cooler, was filled, under nitrogen atmosphere and at room temperature, with 245.2 g (590.829 meq) of Polyol 1 (fed at 40 0 C), 51.2 g (763.755 meq) of Polyol 5 and 100.0 g of N-ethylpyrrolidone. The mixture was heated to 40° C and stirred for 30 minutes. 271.0 g (2438.255 meq) of Polyisocyanate 2 were added under stirring to the homogeneous mixture which was then heated to 60°C for 30 minutes. The reaction temperature was brought to 100° C and maintained for 1 hour, until the titrimetric determination of the free -NCO groups still present gave a calculated value of 6.85% by weight.
  • Pre-polymer B was cooled to 65°C.
  • a reaction vessel equipped with internal thermometer, stirrer and cooler, was filled, under nitrogen atmosphere and at room temperature, with 317.6 g (635.718 meq) of Polyol 4 (fed at 40 0 C), 42.7 g (635.7 meq) of Polyol 5, 0.212 g of 75% aqueous phosphoric acid and 100.0 g of N-methylpyrrolidone.
  • the mixture was heated to 40° C and stirred for 30 minutes.
  • 333 g (2542.870 meq) of Polyisocyanate 1 were added under stirring to the homogeneous mixture which was then heated to 60°C for 30 minutes.
  • the reaction temperature was brought to 95° C and maintained for 1 hour, until the titrimetric determination of the free -NCO groups still present gave a calculated value of 6.73% by weight.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 36% and it has a stable, finely divided and transparent aspect.
  • Pre-polymer C (synthesized as described in Example Vl) and using alkaline metal hydroxides.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 36% and it has a stable, finely divided and milky aspect.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 36% and it has a stable, finely divided and transparent aspect.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 36% and it has a stable, finely divided and transparent aspect.
  • a reaction vessel equipped with internal thermometer, stirrer and cooler, was filled, under nitrogen atmosphere and at room temperature, with 442.6 g (442.604 meq) of Polyol 3, 30.9 g (461.505 meq) of Polyol 5 and 50.0 g of N-methylpyrrolidone. The mixture was heated to 40° C and stirred for 30 minutes. 213.2 g (1627.397 meq) of Polyisocyanate 1 were added under stirring to the homogeneous mixture which was then heated to 60°C for 30 minutes. The reaction temperature was brought to 100° C and maintained for 2 hours, until the titrimetric determination of the free -NCO groups still present gave a calculated value of 4.12% by weight.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 35% and it has a stable, finely divided and milky aspect.
  • Pre-polymer D (synthesized as described in Example X) and using alkaline metal hydroxides.
  • Example XII 650 g of Pre-polymer D, cooled to 65°C, are dispersed in 10 minutes under vigorous stirring into 1051.9 g of demineralised water cooled at
  • Example XIII 650 g of Pre-polymer D, cooled to 65°C, are dispersed in 10 minutes under vigorous stirring into 1043.3 g of demineralised water cooled at
  • Example XIV Preparation of an aqueous polyurethane dispersion obtained from a pre-polymer to which a free polyisocyante has been added, and neutralized with lithium hydroxide.
  • a reaction vessel equipped with internal thermometer, stirrer and cooler, was filled, under nitrogen atmosphere and at room temperature, with 264.8 g (264.807 meq) of Polyol 3, 24.0 g (357.496 meq) of Polyol 5 and 250.0 g of N-ethylpyrrolidone. The mixture was heated to 40° C and stirred for 30 minutes. 146.8 g (1120.130 meq) of Polyisocyanate 1 were added under stirring to the homogeneous mixture which was then heated to 60°C for 30 minutes. The reaction temperature was brought to 100° C and maintained for approximately 1 hour, until the titrimetric determination of the free -NCO groups still present gave a calculated value of 4.54% by weight.
  • Polyisocyanate 2 are added under stirring. The determination of the free -NCO groups still present gave a calculated value of about 5.51 % by weight.
  • the obtained dispersion was adjusted with distilled water to a solid content of 37% and it has a stable, finely divided and transparent aspect.
  • a reaction vessel equipped with internal thermometer, stirrer and cooler, was filled, under nitrogen atmosphere and at room temperature, with 133.1g (133.030 meq) of Polyol 3, 266.2 g (133.090 meq) of Polyol 2, 35.7 g (563.355 meq) of Polyol 5 and 72.0 g of N-methylpyrrolidone.
  • Example XVI (comparative)
  • 1 M sodium hydroxide was added to 100% neutralize the COO " groups (53.2 g of 1 M solution).
  • the dispersions of the Examples I and IV, and of the Examples Vl and IX were compared by using them in the leather finishing composition described in Table 4 and by measuring the wet rub resistance of a finished leather substrate.
  • the wet rub resistance values were determined with a VESLICRUB FASTENSS TESTER VESLIC (according to I.U.F./450 DIN 53339 ISO 11640) and reported in Table 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthanes anioniques carboxylés exempts d'amines volatiles, utiles pour la préparation de revêtements pour cuir, papier, métaux, textiles et plastiques.
EP08707836.6A 2007-01-12 2008-01-08 Dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane exemptes d'amines volatiles Active EP2102260B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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IT000003A ITVA20070003A1 (it) 2007-01-12 2007-01-12 Dispersioni acquose di poliuretani anionici esenti da ammine volatili
PCT/EP2008/050134 WO2008084041A1 (fr) 2007-01-12 2008-01-08 Dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane exemptes d'amines volatiles

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IT1391700B1 (it) * 2008-08-08 2012-01-17 Lamberti Spa Dispersioni acquose di poliuretani anionici
WO2013153094A1 (fr) 2012-04-10 2013-10-17 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Polymère, composition de polymère et utilisation correspondante
CN104220474B (zh) 2012-04-10 2017-05-17 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 聚合物、组合物和用途
WO2015052213A1 (fr) 2013-10-09 2015-04-16 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Polymère, composition et utilisation
CN106232743B (zh) * 2014-04-18 2019-08-27 蓝宝迪有限公司 用于喷墨油墨的添加剂
CN109180904A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2019-01-11 华南农业大学 一种桐油基阳离子型水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法和应用
NL2022104B1 (en) 2018-11-30 2020-06-26 Stahl Int B V Process to prepare aqueous polyurethane dispersions that are substantially free of volatile organic compounds and that have a high solids content
IT202000001963A1 (it) 2020-01-31 2021-07-31 Lamberti Spa Metodo per rivestire un substrato mediante polimerizzazione a fascio di elettroni

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ITVA20070003A1 (it) 2008-07-13
BRPI0806534B1 (pt) 2018-11-27
EP2102260B1 (fr) 2018-11-28
KR101449776B1 (ko) 2014-10-14
US20100098867A1 (en) 2010-04-22
JP5570815B2 (ja) 2014-08-13
CA2675110A1 (fr) 2008-07-17
BRPI0806534A2 (pt) 2014-04-22
ES2721573T3 (es) 2019-08-01
CN101616944A (zh) 2009-12-30
BRPI0806534A8 (pt) 2018-04-03
KR20090110903A (ko) 2009-10-23
JP2010515797A (ja) 2010-05-13
WO2008084041A1 (fr) 2008-07-17
CN101616944B (zh) 2013-04-03
CA2675110C (fr) 2014-06-17

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