Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
  • C10L1/2286—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen triple bonds, e.g. nitriles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
  • C10L1/233—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and oxygen in the ring, e.g. oxazoles
  • C10L1/2335—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and oxygen in the ring, e.g. oxazoles morpholino, and derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16

Definitions

• Oligo- or polyamines as oxidation stabilizers for biofuel oils
• the present invention relates to the use of oligo- or polyamines having a number average molecular weight of 46 to 70,000, which are free of phenolic hydroxyl groups, to increase the oxidation stability of biofuel oils based on fatty acid esters or mixtures of such biofuel oils with middle distillates of fossil origin and / or of vegetable and / or animal origin, which are substantially hydrocarbon mixtures and are free of fatty acid esters.
• the present invention relates to a mixture of specific representatives of such oligo- or polyamines and biofuel oils which are based on fatty acid esters.
• the present invention relates to a fuel containing a larger proportion of a fuel oil
• biofuel oils which are usually referred to as “biodiesel” and usually contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acid esters are more sensitive to oxidative decomposition by atmospheric oxygen as fuel oils of fossil origin due to their chemical structure, they are to improve their Oxidationsstabili decisiv during storage often with small quantities added to antioxidants.
• Common antioxidants used here are sterically hindered phenols, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (“BHT”), 3-tert-butyl-hydroxyanisole (“BHA”) and tert-butyl hydro- quinone (“TBHQ”), as described in the literature article by Mittelbach and Schober in JAOCS, Vol. 80, No. 8 (2003), pp. 817-823.
• BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
• BHA 3-tert-butyl-hydroxyanisole
• TBHQ tert-butyl hydro- quinone
• Kerobit® BPD a secondary aromatic Amine of structure N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, as an antioxidant for gasolines and jet fuels.
• succinimides obtainable by reacting C 4 - to C 29 -alkyl or -alkenyl succinic anhydride and primary amines, which may also be polyamines, are used as additives for improving the thermal stability of aircraft fuels, and furthermore also for biofuels such as vegetable oils and esters of vegetable oils are recommended.
• WO 94/19430 describes reaction products of polyamines with acylating agents, in particular with fatty acids, as antifoams for mixtures of biofuel oil and middle distillates of fossil origin.
• DE 10 2004 024 532 A1 discloses fuel oils which contain a larger proportion of a mixture of middle distillate fuel oil and biofuel oil and a smaller proportion of oil-soluble oligo- or polyethylenimines which have been alkoxylated with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and thus have ether oxygen functions , contain.
• these alkoxylated oligo- or polyethylenimines act there as demulsifiers for mixtures of fuel and water.
• the stabilizing effect of the abovementioned antioxidants such as the sterically hindered phenols in the biofuel oil, is generally insufficient.
• the object is achieved by the use of oligo- or polyamines having a number-average molecular weight of 46 to 70,000, which are free of phenolic hydroxyl groups, for increasing the oxidation stability.
• cationic structures in particular ammonium or substituted ammonium compounds, are excluded in the case of the oligo- or polyamines to be used according to the invention.
• the number average molecular weight of the oligo- or polyamines is 46 (for the diaminomethane smallest possible agent) to 70,000, which upper limit is not critical.
• Preferred ranges for the number-average molecular weight are 58 (for example, 1,2-ethylenediamine) to 40,000, especially 1 16 to 10,000, especially 130 to 5000, most preferably 200 to 2000.
• the stated oligo- or polyamines preferably have 2 to 10, in particular 2 to 6, especially 2 to 5 nitrogen atoms in the molecule.
• the present invention relates to the use according to the invention of oligo- or polyamines of the general formula I.
• the radicals R 1 to R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl groups, C 5 - to C 8 -cycloalkyl groups, C 1 - to C 29 -alkylcarbonyl groups or C 2 - to C 8 -cycloalkyl groups, where the radicals R 1 and R 2 and / or R 5 and R 6 each also together with the nitrogen atom carrying them have a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring which also has further heteroatoms (usually nitrogen and / or oxygen and / or sulfur) and / or carbonyl carbon atoms and or may together represent a methylidene grouping which may be substituted by C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl groups and / or C 6 - to C 12 -aryl groups,
• the bridge members A 1 to A 3 independently denote d- to Ci2-alkylene groups and / or C ⁇ - to Ci2-arylene groups, wherein the radicals R 1 and / or R 5 each also together with the nitrogen atom carrying them and a carbon atom of an alkylene group A. 1 or A 3 can form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring which may contain further heteroatoms (usually nitrogen and / or oxygen and / or sulfur) and / or carbonyl carbon atoms and may carry additional substituents,
• n and m are integers from 0 to 30, respectively.
• the said optional substituents on the five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated rings may, for example, be longer-chain or shorter-chain hydrocarbyl radicals, in particular corresponding linear or branched alkyl radicals.
• oligo- or polyamines preferably contain as radicals R 1 to R 6 at least one hydrocarbyl radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, especially having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, especially with 5 to 30 carbon atoms.
• Such longer-chain hydrocarbyl radicals ensure adequate fuel solubility.
• the present invention therefore relates to a fuel which comprises a minor proportion of an oligo- or polyamine which has at least one such hydrocarbyl radical having 5 to 30, in particular 10 to 22, especially 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Suitable long-chain hydrocarbyl radicals of this kind are pure aliphatic linear or branched hydrocarbon radicals which may be of synthetic or natural origin. Examples of these are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2.2- Dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1 , 2-Dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-e
• Alicyclic hydrocarbyl radicals are also suitable as substituents on the aliphatic oligo- or polyamines in the context of the present invention. Examples of these are cyclopentyl, methylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
• linear or branched alkylcarbonyl radicals in particular radicals of corresponding fatty acids having 5 to 30, in particular 10 to 22, especially 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• these are formyl, acetyl, n-propanoyl, isopropanoyl, n-butanoyl, 2-butanoyl, isobutanoyl, tert-butanoyl, pentanoyl, 1-methylbutanoyl, 2-methylbutanoyl, 3-methylbutanoyl, 2,2- Dimethylpropanoyl, 1-ethylpropanoyl, n-hexanoyl, 1,1-dimethylpropanoyl, 1,2-dimethylpropanoyl, 1-methylpentanoyl, 2-methylpentanoyl, 3-methylpentanoyl, 4-methylpentanoyl, 1,1-di-methylbutanoyl,
• longer-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals or longer-chain alkylcarbonyl especially vegetable or animal fats or oils, eg. Coconut oil, tall oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil or jatropha oil.
• the oligo or polyamines with longer-chain hydrocarbyl radicals based on these raw materials the latter are inevitably present as homolog mixtures and / or as mixtures of saturated and unsaturated chains.
• Oligo- or polyamines substituted with the abovementioned alkylcarbonyl radicals can be prepared in a simple manner familiar to the person skilled in the art from the amine base and a reactive derivative of the associated fatty acid, for example a
• Low alkyl a halide such as the fatty acid chloride or the anhydride produce.
• alkylcarbonyl radicals in the aliphatic oligo- or polyamines can be converted, for example, by customary hydrogenation processes into the corresponding longer-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having the same carbon number.
• Suitable bridge members A 1 to A 3 are in principle all divalent linear or branched aliphatic and divalent aromatic hydrocarbon bodies, but preferably polyalkylene groups of the formula - (CH 2) m -, in which m is a number from 1 to 12, in particular 2 to 6, especially 2 to 4, most preferably 2 or 3, stands. Thus, 1, 2-ethylene and 1, 3-propylene are particularly favorable.
• bridge members having 2 or 3 carbon atoms in addition to the ⁇ , ⁇ -linking hydrocarbon bodies, it is also possible to use non-linear bridge members such as 1, 1-ethylene, 1, 1-propylene, 2,2-propylene and 1, 2 Propylene good.
• divalent aromatic bridge members A 1 to A 3 are ortho, meta and para-phenylene.
• the bridge members A 1 to A 3 may be the same or different.
• n and m are each independently integers from 0 to 30, which upper limit is not critical.
• n and m are each independently a number from 0 to 6, in particular 0 to 4, especially 0 to 2, very particularly preferably 0 or 1.
• the present invention relates to the use of oligo- or polyamines of the general formula I in which the radicals R 1 to R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 - to C 22 -alkyl groups, C 5 - or C 6 -cycloalkyl groups or mean C2i-alkylcarbonyl groups,
• bridge members A 1 to A 3 independently denote C2 or C3 alkylene groups and
• n and m are each the number 0 or 1
• At least one of the radicals R 1 to R 6 is a C 5 - to C 30 -alkyl group, in particular a C 10 - to C 20 -alkyl group, a C 5 - or C 6 -cycloalkyl group or a C 4 - to C 29 -alkylcarbonyl group, in particular a Cg to Cig alkylcarbonyl group.
• Typical individual examples of such oligo- or polyamines having shorter-chain or longer-chain hydrocarbyl radicals which can be used for the present invention are the following:
• N-dodecyl-1,3-propylenediamine • N-dodecanoyl-1,3-propylenediamine
• N-hexadecanoyl-1,3-propylenediamine • N-octadecyl-1,3-propylenediamine
• N-cyclohexyl-1,3-propylenediamine N- (3-aminopropyl) -coconutamine (main component: N-dodecyl-1,3-propylenediamine)
• N- (3-aminopropyl) -tallamine main component: N-oleyl-1,3-propylenediamine
• the present invention relates to the use of oligo- or polyamines of the general formula I, in which all radicals R 1 to R 6 are hydrogen.
• oligo- or polyamines are in particular unsubstituted oligo- and polyalkyleneamines with linear alkylene bridges, examples of which are:
• N-2-cyanoethyl-N ', N'-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine as a representative of a cyanoalkyl-substituted oligo- or polyamine
• N- (3-aminopropyl) -N '- (2-hydroxyethyl) -pyrazane and N- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole as representatives of oligo- or polyamines having radicals R 1 and R 2 , which together with the nitrogen atom carrying them Form ring, which have more heteroatoms and can carry additional substituents
• N CH-Ph as representatives of oligo- or polyamines having radicals R 1 and R 2 , which together form a methylidene grouping which may be substituted by alkyl or aryl groups
• the subject of the present invention is also a mixture of oligo- or polyamines of the general formula I in which
• the radicals R 1 to R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl groups, C 5 - to C 8 -cycloalkyl groups or C 2 - to C 1 -cyanoalkyl groups, where the radicals R 1 and R 2 and / or R 5 and R 6 in each case also together with the nitrogen atom carrying them a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring which may have further heteroatoms and carry additional substituents, or together also form a Methylidengrupp réelle by Cr to C3o-alkyl groups and / or C ⁇ - Ci 2 -aryl groups can be substituted, can represent,
• the bridging members A 1 to A 3 are each independently C 2 to C alkylene groups and / or C ⁇ - to C 2 denote arylene groups, where the radicals R 1 and / or R 5 in each case together with the nitrogen atom carrying them and a carbon atom of an alkylene group A 1 or A 3 may form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring which may contain further heteroatoms and / or carbonyl carbon atoms and may carry additional substituents,
• n and m are each integers from 0 to 30,
• biofuel oils based on fatty acid esters in the weight ratio of 1: 100,000 to 1: 100, preferably 1: 50,000 to 1: 500, especially 1: 20,000 to 1: 1000, especially 1: 10,000 to 1: 2000. Since some of the described oligo- and polyamines have not yet been described as ingredients of fuel oils from biofuel oils and conventional middle distillates, the subject matter of the present invention is also a fuel which contains a larger proportion of a fuel oil
• radicals R 1 to R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl groups, C 5 - to C 6 -cycloalkyl groups or C 2 - to C 8 -cycloalkyl groups, where the radicals R 1 and R 2 and / or R 5 and R 6 are each together with the nitrogen atom carrying them a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring, which may have further heteroatoms and additional substituents, or together also form a Methylidengrupp réelle by Cr to C3o-alkyl groups and / or C ⁇ - to Ci2 Aryl groups may be substituted,
• the bridge members A 1 to A 3 independently denote d- to Ci2-alkylene groups and / or C ⁇ - to Ci2-arylene groups, wherein the radicals R 1 and / or R 5 each also together with the nitrogen atom carrying them and a carbon atom of an alkylene group A. 1 or A 3 may form a five- or six-membered saturated or unsaturated ring which may contain further heteroatoms and / or carbonyl carbon atoms and may carry additional substituents,
• n and m are each integers from 0 to 30,
• the fuel component (A) is usually referred to as "biodiesel".
• This biofuel oil (A) is preferably substantially alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats.
• Alkyl esters are usually lower alkyl esters, in particular C 1 to C 4 alkyl esters, understood by transesterification of in plant and / or animal oils and / or fats occurring glycerides, especially triglycerides, by means of lower alcohols, for example ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol or especially methanol (“FAME” : fatty acid methyl esters) are available.
• FAME fatty acid methyl esters
• Examples of vegetable oils which are converted into corresponding alkyl esters and thus can serve as a basis for biodiesel are castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, pear kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, and in particular sunflower oil, palm oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil.
• Other examples include oils that can be extracted from wheat, jute, sesame and the shea nut; furthermore, arachis oil, jatropha oil and linseed oil are also usable. The recovery of these oils and their conversion to the alkyl esters are known in the art or may be derived therefrom.
• Vegetable fats are also useful in principle as a source of biodiesel, but play a minor role.
• animal fats and oils that are converted to corresponding alkyl esters and thus can serve as the basis for biodiesel include fish oil, beef tallow, swine tallow, and similar fats and oils derived from the slaughtering or recycling of farmed or wild animals.
• saturated or unsaturated fatty acids which usually have from 12 to 22 carbon atoms and may carry additional functional group such as hydroxyl groups, occur in the alkyl esters in particular lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid , Oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid and ricinoleic acid, especially in the form of mixtures of such fatty acids.
• Typical lower alkyl esters based on vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats which are used as biodiesel or biodiesel components are, for example, sunflower methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester ("PME”), soybean oil methyl ester (“SME”) and especially rapeseed oil methyl ester (“RME”). ).
• fuel component (B) is to be understood as meaning middle distillate fuels boiling in the range from 120 to 450 ° C.
• middle distillate fuels are used in particular as diesel fuel, heating oil or kerosene, with diesel fuel and heating oil being particularly preferred.
• middle distillate fuels fuels obtained by distillation of crude oil boiling in the range of 120 to 450 ° C.
• low-sulfur middle distillates are used, ie those containing less than 350 ppm sulfur, especially less than 200 ppm sulfur, especially less than 50 ppm sulfur. In special cases they contain less than 10 ppm sulfur, these middle distillates are also called "sulfur-free".
• These are generally crude oil distillates, which have been subjected to a hydrogenating refining, and therefore contain only small amounts of polyaromatic and polar compounds.
• those middle distillates which have 95% distillation points below 370 0 C, in particular below 350 0 C and in special cases below 330 0 C.
• Low-sulfur and sulfur-free middle distillates can also be obtained from heavier petroleum fractions, which can no longer be distilled under atmospheric pressure.
• Hydrocarbon cracking, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, coker processes and / or visbreaking may be mentioned as typical conversion processes for the preparation of middle distillates from heavy petroleum fractions. Depending on the process, these middle distillates are low in sulfur or sulfur-free or are subjected to a hydrogenating refining.
• the middle distillates preferably have aromatics contents of less than 28% by weight, in particular less than 20% by weight.
• the content of normal paraffins is between 5% and 50% by weight, preferably between 10 and 35% by weight.
• middle distillates should also be understood here, which can be derived either indirectly from fossil sources such as crude oil or natural gas or else produced from biomass via gasification and subsequent hydrogenation.
• a typical example of a middle distillate fuel derived indirectly from fossil sources is GTL (gas-to-liquid) diesel fuel produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
• GTL gas-to-liquid diesel fuel produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
• biomass for example, a middle distillate is produced via the BTL (“bio-to-liquid”) process, which can be used either alone or in admixture with other middle distillates as fuel component (B).
• the middle distillates also include hydrocarbons obtained by hydrogenation of fats and fatty oils. They contain mostly n-paraffins.
• the said middle distillate fuels have in common that they are essentially hydrocarbon mixtures and are free from fatty acid esters.
• the qualities of fuel oils and diesel fuels are specified in greater detail in, for example, DIN 51603 and EN 590 (see also Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, Volume A12, pp. 617 et seq., To which reference is expressly made).
• the described fuel usually still contains additives customary for this purpose, such as flow improvers for improving the low-temperature behavior, in particular middle distillate flow improvers, nucleators, wax anti-settling additives and mixtures thereof, and also conductivity improvers, corrosion protection additives , Lubricity additives, antioxidants, metal deactivators, anti-foaming agents, demulsifiers, detergents, cetane number improvers, solvents or diluents, dyes or fragrances, or mixtures thereof.
• additives customary for this purpose such as flow improvers for improving the low-temperature behavior, in particular middle distillate flow improvers, nucleators, wax anti-settling additives and mixtures thereof, and also conductivity improvers, corrosion protection additives , Lubricity additives, antioxidants, metal deactivators, anti-foaming agents, demulsifiers, detergents, cetane number improvers, solvents or diluents, dyes or fragrances, or mixtures thereof.
• the described oligo- or polyamines are typically used in an amount of 10 to 10,000 ppm by weight, based on the amount of biofuel oil (A) in the invention.
• fuel metered.
• Preferred metering ranges are 20 to 2000 ppm by weight, in particular 50 to 1000 ppm by weight, especially 100 to 500 ppm by weight.
• Most of the described oligo- or polyamines already meet the requirement of a long induction time in the Ranzimat test with a dosage of 500 ppm by weight or less.
• a mixture of the described oligo- or polyamines with conventional antioxidants in particular with sterically hindered phenols, for example BHT, BHA, TBHQ, trimethylhydroquinone or bisphenol A, preferably in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 1:10, especially of 3: 1 to 1: 3, can lead to a further increase in the antioxidant and thus stabilizing effect in biofuel.
• sterically hindered phenols for example BHT, BHA, TBHQ, trimethylhydroquinone or bisphenol A
• Suitable solvents are in particular alcohols such as n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol or 2-propylheptanol, carboxylic or fatty acid esters such as rapeseed oil or amines such as dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine or morpholine.
• alcohols such as n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol or 2-propylheptanol
• carboxylic or fatty acid esters such as rapeseed oil
• amines such as dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine or morpholine.
• the described aliphatic oligo- or polyamines in sufficiently pure form are used largely free of traces of metals such as iron, sodium or potassium, because in particular traces of metal in fuels can easily lead to interference in engines and optionally downstream catalytic converter system.
• A2 diethylenetriamine
• A3 N- (3-aminopropy) -1, 4-butylenediamine
• A10 N-2-cyanoethyl-N ', N'-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine
• A11 N, N'-bis [3- (phenylazamethy) propyl] -1,2-ethylenediamine
• B1 commercially available rapeseed oil methyl ester (Camp Biodiesel, Ochsenfurt)
• B2 mixture of 50% by volume B1 and 50% by volume of commercial diesel fuel of fossil origin
• the doses are based on the active substance; the additives were added as 10 wt .-% solutions in 2-ethylhexanol.

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• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-10-23 KR KR1020097008720A patent/KR20090081376A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-10-23 CN CNA2007800398619A patent/CN101528896A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-10-23 AU AU2007310941A patent/AU2007310941A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-10-23 WO PCT/EP2007/061317 patent/WO2008049822A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-10-23 CA CA002666554A patent/CA2666554A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-10-23 EP EP07821681A patent/EP2089494A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-10-23 RU RU2009119726/05A patent/RU2009119726A/ru unknown
  • 2007-10-23 US US12/447,364 patent/US20100064576A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-10-23 BR BRPI0718157-4A patent/BRPI0718157A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

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