EP2053341B1 - Charge creuse - Google Patents

Charge creuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2053341B1
EP2053341B1 EP08017755.3A EP08017755A EP2053341B1 EP 2053341 B1 EP2053341 B1 EP 2053341B1 EP 08017755 A EP08017755 A EP 08017755A EP 2053341 B1 EP2053341 B1 EP 2053341B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
explosive
explosive charge
spatial
particles
charge according
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EP08017755.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2053341A2 (fr
EP2053341A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Heine
Matthias Wickert
Klaus Thoma
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP2053341A3 publication Critical patent/EP2053341A3/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/028—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the form of the liner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an explosive charge, which has an explosive material consisting of three-dimensional form and which unfolds by way of explosion a spatially anisotropic pressure effect in at least one main direction of action, in which the pressure effect is greater than in other directions.
  • a detonation of explosive produces a strong pressure effect in the air, depending on the quantity, arrangement and composition of the explosive Surroundings of the place where the detonation occurs.
  • the pressure effect is usually based on a chemical reaction of the explosive to gaseous reaction products, the so-called windrows, which spread with high temperatures and densities due to the large pressure difference to the environment at high speeds.
  • the expanding swaths also create a propagating shock wave in the surrounding air that typically precedes the reaction products.
  • the occurrence of the pressure effect can be illustrated by the example of the detonation of a spherical explosive, a so-called ball charge.
  • a spherical explosive a so-called ball charge.
  • an air blast wave as well as the swaths propagate uniformly in all spatial directions from the center of the detonation, i. isotropic, wherein the temperature of the reaction products, i. the windrow decreases with increasing distance from the center.
  • the pressure effect of the swaths decreases sharply with increasing distance from the location of the detonation.
  • FIG. 2 a and b show a diagrammatic representation of two snapshots relating to the pressure propagation during the explosion of a ball charge.
  • the diagrams each show the spatial pressure profile at the time of the snapshot.
  • FIG. 2a shows the pressure effect in the so-called near field, ie in a distance range from the explosion of only a few charge radii at an early stage, where a large contribution of the swath flow is given to the pressure effect.
  • the total pressure effect in the in Fig. 2a The discussed distances of 1-2 charge radii are very predominantly caused by the high flow pressure of the explosion swaths at the beginning of the swath expansion.
  • the pressure effect thus decreases rapidly with unformed charges with the distance. If one endeavors to make an increase in the range of the pressure effect, an increase in the quantity of explosive is not a suitable measure. In order, for example, to achieve the same maximum pressure 10 times over, an increase in the explosive mass by a factor of 1000 is necessary according to the scaling laws.
  • So-called shaped charges provide a one-sided sheathing of a rotationally symmetric metal insert with an explosive, which collapses in detonation the metal insert, which is usually in the form of a conical or hemispherical formed, thin-walled metal layer, along the charge axis corresponding to the axis of symmetry of the metal insert can.
  • the Metal insert is subsequently ejected in a jet-like manner along the charge axis from the shaped charge. The jet expands along the axis until eventually particleisation occurs.
  • shaped charges which are used for example in weapons for fighting armored vehicles, is therefore given at short distances of some charge diameters distance, so that a shaped charge is generally brought as a warhead on a missile to the target and triggered shortly before the target.
  • a shaped charge is for example in the DE 31 17 091 C2 .
  • DE 33 36 516 A1 or the DE 29 13 103 C2 explained.
  • the explosive amount at least partially enclosing encapsulations for example made of metal, known by the detonation in any or predefined fragments are broken up.
  • the energy released in the near field, ie in the immediate vicinity of the explosive is used in part to accelerate these fragments, for example in the form of splinters, which subsequently propagate over relatively large distances, limited by the delay due to aerodynamic forces and thus can cause a destructive effect at a greater distance.
  • the range of the splinters and the solid angle range covered thereby is greater than desired.
  • the propagation direction of the pressure effect in the near field is limited in an idealizing approximation to a two-dimensional disk.
  • the anisotropy of the pressure effect decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the charge, see for example: M. Held's "Impulse Method for the Blast Contour of Cylindrical High Explosive Charges", Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 24, 17-26 (1999 ).
  • An explosive charge according to the preamble of independent claim 1 is known from EP 0 256 382 A1 known.
  • the invention is based on the object, an explosive charge having a explosive material consisting of three-dimensional form and by means of the explosion, a spatial anisotropic pressure effect in at least one main direction of action, in which the pressure effect is greater than in other directions of action, as for example in the above Cylinder charge explained is the case in such a way that a significant improvement in the range of the pressure effect as well as the spatial focusability of the pressure effect in the detonation should be achieved. In particular, a controlled spread of the pressure effect in a sharply defined spatial direction should be possible.
  • the solution of the problem underlying the invention is specified in claim 1.
  • the concept of the invention advantageously further features are the subject of the dependent claims and the further description, in particular with reference to the embodiments, refer.
  • an explosive charge which has a three-dimensional form consisting of explosive material and unfolds by way of explosion a spatial anisotropic pressure effect in at least one main direction of action, is greater in the pressure effect than in other effective directions, formed by the explosive material existing spatial form one of Main effect direction facing, extending in the main direction of action surface area, are applied to the particles and / or on which a decomposing in the explosion of particles material layer is applied.
  • the particles are preferably made of non-metallic material and have a total mass that can be assigned to the particles, which is smaller than a mass that can be assigned to the explosive material.
  • a very marked increase in the pressure effect with simultaneously improved spatial focusing properties - i. a maximum pressure effect can be achieved in a very narrow spatial area - can be achieved by the spatial geometric design of the spatial shape of the explosive material, without using known per se, the pressure effect enhancing and the anisotropy of the pressure effect influencing, mostly consisting of solid materials Eindämmungen ,
  • the desired objectives can be achieved without any metal inserts, which unfold the effects known in this context in the hollow charges explained above.
  • the explosive material according to the invention is suitable for forming a stable spatial form and has a self-stable mechanical load-bearing capacity.
  • the spatial form of the explosive material predetermining envelopes or encapsulations are provided, which in turn are as detonation neutral, i. as far as possible have no effects negatively affecting the development of the pressure effect during the detonation of the explosive material.
  • the explosive material has a three-dimensional shape, which has a thin-walled shell-shaped construction and has a concave surface area facing the main direction of effect, which widens radially toward the latter.
  • the hereinafter referred to as plate shape spatial form is rotationally symmetric and thin-walled and in particular has a concave curved surface. It is further assumed that such an explosive charge in the region of the disk center point, which is to be understood as the piercing point of the symmetry axis of the plate shape, for triggering or initiating the Detonation provides a spark point.
  • the swath propagation and associated swath flow is primarily along the axis of rotation dictated by the dish shape, which extends virtually from the concave surface area of the plate shape to a spatial direction, referred to in further terminology as the main direction of action which results in a focusing of the associated with the formation of steam pressure effect.
  • the rate of vapor propagation along the main velocity of propagation in the atmosphere is related to the velocity of detonation in the explosive, ie the velocity at which the chemical vapor propagates Substance transformation within the explosive propagates to adapt.
  • the inclination or opening angle at which the concave surface area extends longitudinally to the main direction of action seems to be the inclination or opening angle at which the concave surface area extends longitudinally to the main direction of action. If the concave surface shape has a very large opening angle, ie the dish shape is very flat, the velocity component with which the chemical conversion propagates in the direction of the main action direction predetermined by the concave shape is smaller than in the case of a very strongly curved dish shape.
  • the steam propagation speed by suitable choice of the explosive material.
  • the opening angle of the concave surface form of a solution formed spatial form, which consists of explosive material, and the explosive material are chosen such that the initial Swath propagation velocity in the main direction of action and the rate at which the material transformation of the explosive spatially propagates in this direction are identical or substantially identical.
  • the above spatial forms are typically only provided with a single ignition point, at which the initial ignition triggering takes place, which is arranged in the symmetry point of the respective spatial form.
  • a made of explosive material spatial form which is not necessarily rotationally symmetrical about an axis of rotation, equipped with a plurality of spatially separated ignition points, which are arranged, for example, arrayed on a surface region of the spatial form and individually on a corresponding Ignition tripping unit can be triggered.
  • ignition points distributed around the axis of symmetry of the plate-shaped spatial form arranged ignition points can be ignited under specification of a specific time sequence and under specification of a certain Zündauslettesmusters, for example, does not necessarily provide the triggering of all existing ignition points, but rather only a selective selection of existing ignition points. In this way, it is possible, the main spatial direction along which a focusing of the detonation-related pressure waves takes place, predeterminable to pivot without changing the orientation of the spatial shape of the explosive charge.
  • the particles do not necessarily consist of metal, but preferably of vitreous or ceramic materials.
  • the particles should therefore as far as possible not be metallic, for example consist of ceramic materials. Due to this requirement, the explosive charge according to the invention differs in particular from those explosives to which heavy metal particles are added in order to increase the effect, the so-called dense inert metal explosive (DIME).
  • DIME dense inert metal explosive
  • the application of the particles or a material layer which disintegrates into particles by detonation onto the concave surface area of the spatial form is preferably carried out with adhesive substances for producing an intimate connection between particles and spatial form, which in turn are suitably selected and thus make a positive contribution to the overall effect can.
  • the explosive charge according to the solution enables a spatially extremely directed pressure effect whose range of action can be predefined.
  • the pressure effect at a great distance from the location of the explosive charge can be comparable to the effect of a ball charge, which is directly in contact with a target structure. It is essential that the extremely high pressure effect of the explosive charge formed in accordance with the solution unfolds at a large distance from the charge only in a defined solid angle range, the direction of which can be predetermined essentially by the geometric configuration of the spatial form and the method of ignition.
  • the range of the particle cloud can be influenced for a given total particle mass and quantity of explosive by selecting the size, mass and shape of the individual particles.
  • a rotationally symmetrical spatial form directed at a spatial point for example, the one in the Fig. 1 in perspective flat cone charge.
  • the trained as a flat cone explosive charge 1 has a concave surface area 2, which tapers in the figure representation in the plane of the cone in the region of the apex 3 converge.
  • the spatial form is thin-walled with a wall thickness of a few millimeters to a few centimeters, depending on the choice of the flat cone diameter formed. It is expressly noted that both at the in the FIG. 1 visible concave surface 2 as well as on the invisible back no Däfflemmungstechnik mandatory are provided, which affects the detonation effect of the explosive material of which the flachgegelige space shape of the explosive charge 1.
  • the flat cone shape provides an opening angle of about 130 °, wherein as explosive material Nitropenta (PETN) is selected and the ignition takes place in the center 3 of the flat cone charge, since in this case mitbestimmte by the spatial shape of the explosive material on the detonation speed of the explosive charge is tuned.
  • PETN explosive material Nitropenta
  • Focusing the pressure effect formed by the detonation of the explosive charge 1 can be observed along the cone symmetry axis A, along which the concave surface region 2 of the explosive charge extends in a conically widening manner.
  • the spatial shape of the explosive charge 1 carries a not shown occupancy of the concave surface 2 with non-metallic particles, for example in the form of glass beads or other non-metallic, preferably of ceramic materials particles, with a particle size down to micro or Nanometers to drastically increase the range of the near-field pressure effect due to a directed swath flow along the main direction of action A.
  • non-metallic particles for example in the form of glass beads or other non-metallic, preferably of ceramic materials particles, with a particle size down to micro or Nanometers to drastically increase the range of the near-field pressure effect due to a directed swath flow along the main direction of action A.
  • the concave surface portion 2 Particles P or a corresponding material layer which disintegrates by means of a detonation in a plurality of particles, a drastic increase in the range of the pressure effect can be achieved.
  • the particles contribute to a certain local penetration effect when hitting a target structure, the drastic increase in the range of the pressure effect is determined by the
  • Fig. 3 On the basis of in Fig. 3 shown image representations can be seen how large the pressure difference between a known cylinder charge, according to Fig. 3 (Above) and a solution formed flat cone charge with particle feed, acc. Fig. 3 (below), can be. So, suppose that in Fig. 3 (top), left view in the center, the cylinder charge is arranged with horizontally extending cylinder axis, which is ignited on the left side along the cylinder axis. To detect the pressure effect, a pressure sensor no. 1 along the cylinder axis and two pressure sensors no. 2 are arranged on both sides perpendicular to the cylinder axis.
  • FIGS. 4a to e an alternative spatial form for the design of an explosive charge 1 is shown in perspective from different angles.
  • FIG. 4a has a spherically shaped surface area 2.
  • FIG. 4b which shows a side view of the explosive charge, it can be seen that neither the concave front nor the rear side is provided with denutment layers.
  • the drawn axis indicates the main direction of action A, in the case of ignition of the explosive charge at the ignition point Z1, which is interspersed by the axis of symmetry, equivalent to the main direction of action A.
  • FIGS. 4c and d in each case the same dome-shaped explosive charge 1 is shown but now with two ignition points Z1 and Z2.
  • ignition of the explosive charge 1 at the ignition point Z1 would cause a pressure effecting the pressure to form along the axis A1.
  • the same explosive charge is ignited spatially at the point Z2, the result is a second main direction of action A2, which is pivoted about the main direction of action A1 and along which the pressure effect propagates focusing. It can thus be shown that by certain displacement of the ignition point to the spatial form of the explosive charge, the spatial direction along which the pressure effect propagates focusing, can be pivoted.
  • Fig. 4e shows an array-shaped arrangement of five ignition points Z1 to Z5, which are applied distributed on the back of the cup-shaped spatial shape of the explosive charge 1.
  • the individual ignition points Z1 to Z5 can be triggered individually, separately or in combination with a corresponding ignition trip unit.
  • the near-field-like pressure effect of the swath flow could be demonstrably transmitted over very large distances, compared with the dimensions of the near field of a conventional mass-like ball charge.
  • the measures required for this purpose take into account in particular the aspect of a technically simple and cost-effective implementation and can also be realized with a lower weight.
  • the increase in the pressure effect is not based on projectile-like properties or splinter effects, as in previous comparable known solutions, since projectiles or splinters fly along their trajectory over long distances, while the pressure effect of charges, which are designed according to the above principle, in the Range of pressure effect is effectively adjustable and thus limited. Threats caused by splinter flight can thus be effectively ruled out.
  • the explosive charge according to the invention can be used for a variety of scientific purposes, in technical processes and apparatus, for example by accelerating objects or for forming materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Charge de matière explosive (1), qui présente une forme spatiale constituée d'un matériau explosif et développe au cours de l'explosion un effet de pression anisotrope spatial dans au moins une direction d'effet principale (A), dans laquelle l'effet de pression est plus grand que dans d'autres directions,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale constituée d'un matériau explosif est conçue en forme de cuvette à parois minces ainsi que présente une zone de surface (2) à configuration concave, tournée vers la direction d'effet principale (A), qui s'élargit radialement par rapport à celle-ci,
    en ce que sur la zone de surface (2) des particules (P) sont appliquées et/ou une couche de matière se désintégrant en particules (P) lors de l'explosion est appliquée,
    en ce que une masse totale pouvant être affectée aux particules (P) est plus petite qu'une masse pouvant être affectée à la matière explosive, dans laquelle les particules (P) sont des nanoparticules ou microparticules, et
    en ce que la matière explosive possède une capacité de charge mécanique autostable telle que la forme spatiale en forme de cuvette de la matière explosive soit autostable.
  2. Charge de matière explosive selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que en plus de l'paplication des particules (P) sur une zone de surface (2), un apport de particules (P) dans le volume de matière explosive est aussi entrepris.
  3. Charge de matière explosive selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisée en ce que la matière, dont les particules sont constituées, est non métallique.
  4. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale de la matière explosive prévoit au moins une zone, appelée point d'allumage (Z), sur laquelle un détonateur pour déclencher l'explosion est prévu et
    en ce que la position d'au moins un point d'allumage (Z) par rapport à la forme spatiale, un angle d'ouverture de la forme spatiale de la matière explosive orienté longitudinalement à la direction d'effet principale (A), coordonné à la zone de surface (2) à configuration concave ainsi que la matière explosive sont sélectionnés de telle sorte que une transformation de matière se produisant au cours de l'explosion de la matière explosive se produise avec un composant de vitesse de dissémination orienté dans la direction d'effet principale (A), qui correspond à une vitesse de dissémination de vapeur se disséminant dans la direction d'effet principale (A), avec laquelle l'effet de pression se propage.
  5. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée en ce que la zone de surface concave (2) est symétrique en rotation par rapport à la direction d'effet principale (A).
  6. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale est conçue en forme de cône plat, avec un type de pointe de cône (3) ainsi qu'un entonnoir de cône plat s'élargissant coniquement dans la direction d'effet principale (A), sur laquelle surface de cône plat tournée vers la direction d'effet principale (A) les particules (P) sont prévues et/ou la couche de matière est prévue.
  7. Charge de matière explosive selon la revendication 4 et 6,
    caractérisée en ce que le détonateur est prévu au niveau de la pointe de cône (3).
  8. Charge de matière explosive selon la revendication 6 ou 7,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale est librement accessible du côté concave ainsi que du côté convexe par rapport au cône plat.
  9. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 6 à 8,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale du cône plat présente une épaisseur de paroi de cône plat d'un millimètre ou de quelques millimètres à quelques centimètres.
  10. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 6 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce que le cône plat définit un angle de cône, qui est situé dans la plage entre plus grand que 90° et plus petit que 180°.
  11. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 6 à 10,
    caractérisée en ce que la matière explosive contient du tétranitrate de pentaérythritol et le cône plat correspond à un angle de cône compris entre 125° et 135°, de préférence 130°.
  12. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale de la charge de matière explosive prévoit au moins deux points d'allumage (Z) séparés spatialement l'un de l'autre, qui sont reliés avec une unité de déclenchement d'allumage et peuvent être déclenchés avec une séquence temporelle prescrite, et
    en ce que l'application des points d'allumage (Z) sur la charge de matière explosive (1) ainsi que la sélection de la séquence temporelle pour les allumages sont déterminées par l'anisotropie souhaitée de l'effet de pression.
  13. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisée en ce que une pluralité de points d'allumage (Z) disposés en forme de réseau sur la forme spatiale est prévue, qui sont reliés avec une unité de déclenchement d'allumage et peuvent être déclenchés avec une séquence temporelle prescrite et une séquence d'allumage temporelle, et l'application des points d'allumage (Z) sur la charge de matière explosive (1) et/ou la sélection de la séquence temporelle et/ou de la séquence d'allumage spatiale pour les allumages sont déterminées par l'anisotropie souhaitée de l'effet de pression.
  14. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 13,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale de la charge de matière explosive (1) est conçue de telle sorte que l'effet de pression puisse être focalisé ou concentré sur un point spatial, une ligne ou le long d'une surface.
  15. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 14,
    caractérisée en ce que la forme spatiale prévoit des zones de matière explosive différentes.
  16. Charge de matière explosive selon une des revendications 1 à 15,
    caractérisée en ce que les particules (P) appliquées sur la zone de surface (2)peuvent être divisées en au moins deux groupes de particules avec des grandeurs et/ou matières de particules différentes respectives et/ou la couche de matière appliquée sur la zone de surface (2) présente au moins deux zones avec des matières de couche différentes.
EP08017755.3A 2007-10-26 2008-10-09 Charge creuse Active EP2053341B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102007051345A DE102007051345A1 (de) 2007-10-26 2007-10-26 Explosivstoffladung

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EP2053341A2 EP2053341A2 (fr) 2009-04-29
EP2053341A3 EP2053341A3 (fr) 2013-04-24
EP2053341B1 true EP2053341B1 (fr) 2017-01-18

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US9175936B1 (en) 2013-02-15 2015-11-03 Innovative Defense, Llc Swept conical-like profile axisymmetric circular linear shaped charge
US9360222B1 (en) 2015-05-28 2016-06-07 Innovative Defense, Llc Axilinear shaped charge
US10364387B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2019-07-30 Innovative Defense, Llc Subterranean formation shock fracturing charge delivery system

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EP2053341A2 (fr) 2009-04-29
EP2053341A3 (fr) 2013-04-24
US7810431B2 (en) 2010-10-12
US20090114111A1 (en) 2009-05-07
DE102007051345A1 (de) 2009-04-30

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