EP2052002A2 - Copolymère de fluorure de vinylidène fonctionalisé par greffage par irridiation d'un monomère polaire insaturé - Google Patents
Copolymère de fluorure de vinylidène fonctionalisé par greffage par irridiation d'un monomère polaire insaturéInfo
- Publication number
- EP2052002A2 EP2052002A2 EP07823697A EP07823697A EP2052002A2 EP 2052002 A2 EP2052002 A2 EP 2052002A2 EP 07823697 A EP07823697 A EP 07823697A EP 07823697 A EP07823697 A EP 07823697A EP 2052002 A2 EP2052002 A2 EP 2052002A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- vdf
- pvdf
- mixture
- polar monomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- DKYPZNSPQXLRRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;undec-10-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C DKYPZNSPQXLRRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004801 Chlorinated PVC Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical class CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- BEWIWYDBTBVVIA-SNAWJCMRSA-N (e)-4-(butylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O BEWIWYDBTBVVIA-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBQGCOWNLUOCBU-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-4-(ethylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCNC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O HBQGCOWNLUOCBU-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSSNZUFKXJJCBG-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-enediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C/C(N)=O BSSNZUFKXJJCBG-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNPCNDJVEUEFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O JNPCNDJVEUEFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLDFSDCBQJUWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(methylamino)-1,2-diphenylethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(NC)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BLDFSDCBQJUWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDRAKJQFCQVBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-but-2-enyl-3-methylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CC=CCC(C(O)=O)C(C)C(O)=O XDRAKJQFCQVBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAPQAGMSICPBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroacridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C3N=C21 VAPQAGMSICPBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCXPJMSKLNNYLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC=C OCXPJMSKLNNYLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGULWIQIYWWFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichlorofuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)OC1=O AGULWIQIYWWFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZTLWXJLPNCYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-difluorofuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=O)OC1=O DZTLWXJLPNCYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDUGVOUXNSWQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-1h-pyridin-2-one Chemical compound OC1=NC=CC=C1Br YDUGVOUXNSWQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZPUIHVHPSUCHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1 YZPUIHVHPSUCHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Chemical class CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical class CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYMOEINVGRTEX-ARJAWSKDSA-N Ethyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical class CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O XLYMOEINVGRTEX-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920007457 Kynar® 720 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-GGWOSOGESA-N [(e)-but-2-enoyl] (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(=O)\C=C\C VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-GGWOSOGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATMBWGSURCVFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diacetyloxy(ethenyl)silyl] acetate;ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C.CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)C=C ATMBWGSURCVFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproleic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=C KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZEFVHSWKYCYFFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical class CCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCC ZEFVHSWKYCYFFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N dimethyl fumarate Chemical class COC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004419 dimethyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010101 extrusion blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monoethyl ester Chemical class CCOC(=O)C=CC(O)=O XLYMOEINVGRTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monomethyl ester Chemical class COC(=O)C=CC(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N maleamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-NSCUHMNNSA-N monomethyl fumarate Chemical class COC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005650 monomethyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLLCSBYSPJHDJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O LLLCSBYSPJHDJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid-anhydride Natural products CC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=CC VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002703 undecylenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F259/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00
- C08F259/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00 on to polymers containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a functionalized PVDF which is obtained by irradiation grafting of at least one unsaturated polar monomer on a PVDF, as well as to a mixture comprising this functionalized PVDF and a non-PVDF. amended.
- the functionalized PVDF or the mixture has the particularity of adhering to many materials such as thermoplastic polymers or inorganic materials, which makes it possible to obtain multilayer structures.
- the invention also relates to these multilayer structures and to a coextrusion process in which a layer of the functionalized PVDF or mixture is coextruded.
- PVDF is known to offer excellent mechanical stability properties, a very high chemical inertness, as well as a good resistance to aging. These qualities are exploited for various fields of application. For example, the manufacture of extruded or injected parts for the chemical engineering industry or microelectronics, the use in the form of a sealing sheath for the transport of gases or hydrocarbons, the production of films or coatings. allowing protection in the architectural field and the production of protective elements for electrotechnical purposes. However, it is also known that it is difficult to adhere the PVDF to other materials.
- the European applications EP 1484346, EP 1537989, EP 1541343 or the international applications WO 2006/045630 or WO 2006/042764 describe a process for modifying a fluoropolymer, in particular PVDF, making it possible to adhere the fluoropolymer to thermoplastic polymers. or inorganic materials.
- the method comprises irradiation grafting an unsaturated polar monomer.
- the Applicant has found that membership can be greatly increased if the fluoropolymer that is modified by this process is a particular PVDF copolymer with certain thermal and mechanical characteristics.
- the Applicant has also found that it is possible to obtain a higher coextrusion line speed in the presence of this functionalized PVDF.
- European application EP 1101994 discloses a gasoline tube comprising a layer of a functionalised fluoropolymer.
- the latter may be a fluoropolymer functionalized by radiation grafting.
- EP 1484346, EP 1537989, EP 1541343 and EP 1637319 describe a process for modifying a fluorinated polymer, especially PVDF, comprising grafting under irradiation an unsaturated polar monomer.
- PVDF can be a homo- or copolymer.
- the international application WO 2006/045630 describes a mixture of a functionalized PVDF and a flexible fluorinated polymer having a viscosity ⁇ between 100 and 1500 Pa s, a crystallization temperature Tc between 50 and 120 ° C.
- the functionalized PVDF is preferably obtained by radiation grafting and preferably comprises more than 80 mol% of VDF, or even better it is a homopolymer.
- Application EP 1508927 describes examples of functionalized PVDF used alone or as a mixture.
- KYNARFLEX ® grades are used
- the modified KYNARFLEX ® 2801 is a VDF-HFP copolymer and has the following characteristics: 11% HFP, a ⁇ y between 20 and 34 MPa, a Tc of 116.8 ° C and a viscosity v of the order of
- the KYNAR ® 761 is a PVDF homopolymer.
- the 2801 grade is more viscous than the PVDF which is modified according to the invention.
- the PVDF After the irradiation step, the PVDF has a certain degree of crosslinking due to the fact that cross-linking nodes are created between the PVDF chains: this has the effect of further increasing the melt viscosity, which makes the functionalized PVDF more difficult to transform and implement, whether in the molten state or in solution in a solvent.
- the invention relates to a copolymer of VDF and at least one monomer copolymerizable with VDF having a VDF content by weight of at least 50%, preferably at least 75%, onto which is grafted by irradiation with less an unsaturated polar monomer characterized in that the copolymer of VDF present before grafting the following characteristics:
- a crystallization temperature Tc (measured by DSC according to the ISO 11357-3 standard) ranging from 50 and 120 ° C., preferably from 85 to
- a threshold stress ⁇ y ranging from 10 to 40 MPa, preferably from 10 to 30 MPa;
- a viscosity v in the molten state (measured with a capillary rheometer at 230 ° C. at 100 sec -1 ) ranging from 100 to 1500 Pa s, preferably from 400 to
- the VDF copolymer exhibits, before grafting, a tensile Young's modulus ranging from 200 to 1000 MPa, preferably from 200 to 600 MPa.
- the invention also relates to a mixture comprising this modified copolymer and a PVDF.
- This modified copolymer or mixture may be associated with a thermoplastic polymer, an elastomer or an inorganic material.
- the comonomer can be, for example, vinyl fluoride (VF), trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE),
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropene
- thermoplastic PVDF polyvinylene
- VDF-HFP copolymers whose HFP weight content varies from 4 to 22%, preferably from 10 to 20% (content calculated before grafting the unsaturated polar monomer), are preferred.
- PVDF also has the following characteristics (before grafting):
- a crystallization temperature Tc (measured by DSC according to the ISO 11357-3 standard) ranging from 50 and 120 ° C., preferably from 85 to 110 ° C.;
- a threshold stress ⁇ y (measured at 20 ° C.) ranging from 10 to 40 MPa, preferably from 10 to 30 MPa;
- a melt viscosity ⁇ (measured by capillary rheometer at 230 ° C. at 100 sec -1 ) ranging from 100 to 1500 Pa s, preferably from 400 to 1200 Pa s.
- tensile Young's modulus (ASTM D-638) which preferably ranges from 200 to 1000 MPa, preferably from 200 to 600 MPa.
- PVDF that is modified initially present lower a viscosity v, which means that after modification, the viscosity of the functionalized PVDF is also less than the modified KYNARFLEX 2801. This facilitates the implementation of functionalized PVDF whether in the molten state or in solution in a solvent.
- the functionalized PVDF or the mixture have, compared to the functionalized PVDFs of the prior art, the following advantages:
- Grades KYNARFLEX ® 2500 and 2750 sold by Arkema are examples of PVDF suitable for the invention: characteristics KYNARFLEX ® 2500 VDF-HFP copolymer having 19% HFP Tc: 87.4 ° C ⁇ y: 15 MPa v: 1000 Pa.s tens Young modulus: 220 MPa.
- the functionalized PVDF this is obtained by the grafting under irradiation of at least one unsaturated polar monomer on the PVDF defined above.
- the process comprises the following steps: a), the PVDF is premixed with at least one unsaturated polar monomer by all the melt mixing techniques known from the prior art.
- the mixing step is carried out in any mixing device such as extruders or kneaders used in the thermoplastics industry.
- an extruder will be used to form the mixture into granules.
- the grafting takes place on a mixture (in the mass) and not on the surface of a powder as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,576,106.
- the proportion of PVDF is, by weight, between 80 to 99.9% by weight. %, preferably from 90 to 99% for 0.1 to 20%, preferably 1 to 10% unsaturated polar monomer, respectively.
- the mixture is irradiated (irradiation ⁇ or ⁇ ) in the solid state using an electronic or photonic source under an irradiation dose of between 10 and 200 kGray, preferably between 10 and 150 kGray.
- the mixture may for example be packaged in polythene bags, the air is removed and the bags are closed.
- the dose is between 2 and 6 Mrad and preferably between 3 and 5 Mrad. Irradiation with a cobalt-60 bomb is particularly preferred.
- the content of unsaturated polar monomer which is grafted is, by weight, between 0.1 and 5% (that is to say that the unsaturated polar monomer grafted corresponds to 0.1 to 5 parts for 99.9 to 95%).
- parts of PVDF advantageously from 0.5 to 5%, preferably from 0.9 to 5%. This content depends on the initial content of the unsaturated polar monomer in the mixture to be irradiated. It also depends on the effectiveness of the grafting, and therefore the duration and energy of the irradiation.
- the unsaturated polar monomer which has not been grafted, and the residues released by the grafting, in particular the HF, can then optionally be removed. This last step may be necessary if the ungrafted unsaturated polar monomer is likely to hinder adhesion or for toxicology problems.
- This operation can be carried out according to techniques known to those skilled in the art. Vacuum degassing may be applied, possibly by applying heating at the same time.
- the functionalized PVDF in a suitable solvent such as, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, then to precipitate it in a non-solvent, for example in water or in an alcohol, or to wash the PVDF functionalized with a solvent inert with respect to the fluoropolymer and grafted functions.
- a suitable solvent such as, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone
- a non-solvent for example in water or in an alcohol
- a solvent inert for example, when grafting maleic anhydride, it can be washed with chlorobenzene.
- the grafting by irradiation takes place at "cold", typically at temperatures below 100 ° C., or even 50 ° C., so that the mixture to be irradiated is not in the molten state, as for one conventional grafting process in extruder.
- An essential difference is that the grafting takes place in the amorphous phase and not in the crystalline phase while homogeneous grafting occurs in the case of grafting in the melt extruder.
- the unsaturated polar monomer is therefore not distributed identically on the PVDF chains in the case of radiation grafting and in the case of grafting in an extruder.
- the functionalized PVDF therefore has a different distribution of the unsaturated polar monomer on the PVDF chains compared to a product that would be obtained by grafting in an extruder.
- Unsaturated carboxylic acids having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and their functional derivatives, particularly their anhydrides, are particularly preferred unsaturated monomers.
- unsaturated monomers are methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, undecylenic acid, allylsuccinic acid, and the like.
- cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 4-methyl-cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, bicyclo (2,2,1) hept-5-ene 2,3-dicarboxylic acid, x-methylbicyclo (2,2,1-hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, zinc, calcium or sodium undecylenate, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, dichloromaleic anhydride, difluoromaleic anhydride, crotonic anhydride, glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, vinyl silanes such as vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane vinyl triacetoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
- unsaturated monomers include C 1 -C 8 alkyl esters or glycidyl ester derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylate and the like.
- amide derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, maleic monoamide, maleic diamide, N - monoethylamide maleic, N, N - diethylamide maleic, N - maleic monobutylamide, N, N - dibutylamide maleic, furamic monoamide, furamic diamide, fumaric N-monoethylamide, N, N-diethylamide fumaric, fumaric N-monobutylamide and N, N-dibutylamide furamic; imide derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as maleimide, N-butylmale
- maleic anhydride is used.
- This monomer indeed offers the following advantages: it is solid and can be easily introduced with the fluoropolymer granules before mixing in the molten state, - being solid, it is also more easily handled (it is particularly volatile),
- the functionalized PVDF may be used alone or in admixture with another PVDF, which may be a homo- or copolymer PVDF.
- this other PVDF is chosen so that the two PVDF are compatible and that the mixture has only one melting peak by DSC.
- the other PVDF is a copolymer of VDF and at least one monomer copolymerizable with VDF having a VDF content by weight of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% and which has the same thermal and mechanical characteristics specified above.
- the mixture comprises, by weight, from 1 to 99%, preferably from 50 to 99%, of the functionalized PVDF for 99 to 1%, and preferably 1 to 50%, of another PVDF, respectively.
- the mixture can be prepared in a melt using a mixing tool suitable for thermoplastics, for example using an extruder.
- the functionalized PVDF or the mixture may be associated with a thermoplastic polymer, an elastomer or an inorganic material.
- the invention also relates to a multilayer structure comprising at least one layer comprising at least one functionalized PVDF or the mixture and:
- At least one layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and / or at least one elastomer, at least one layer of an inorganic material.
- each layer is defined as broadly as possible by the expression "layer comprising a polymer X”.
- the multilayer structure is also defined in parallel by "layer of the polymer X”.
- Multilayer structure with a thermoplastic polymer layer This structure can be prepared for example by the coextrusion, rotational molding or extrusion blow molding technique. It can take the form of a film, a tube, a container or a hollow body.
- thermoplastic polymers examples include:
- Polyamides for example PA 6, 11, 12, 6, 6, ...
- Polymers comprising predominantly (> 50% by weight) ethylene or propylene.
- PE polyolefins
- PP polyolefins
- vinyl chloride-based polymers such as PVC (soft, rigid), chlorinated PVC (CPVC) or vinylidene chloride (eg PVDC);
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
- SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
- Acrylic polymers especially homo- or copolymer PMMA
- PPO polyphenylene oxide
- polyurethanes Styrene-based polymers and copolymers, especially impact polystyrene or crystal as well as styrene-diene block copolymers of the SBS type;
- Fluoropolymers such as, for example, PVDF, PTFE, copolymers of TFE and HFP, copolymers of ethylene and TFE, copolymers of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride.
- the polyolefin may be a polyethylene of the MDPE (medium density), HDPE (high density), LDPE (low density), LLDPE (linear low density), polyethylene prepared by metallocene type or more generally monosite type or else cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). It may be a homo- or copolymer.
- the copolymer may in particular be a copolymer having a comonomer content greater than 5% by weight, for example an ethylene-octene copolymer of the ENGAGE ® type.
- CBO olefin elastomers blocks
- Thermoplastic elastomers which according to the definition proposed in NUPAC in 2002 are melt-processable copolymers and which have a continuous elastomeric phase reinforced by a dispersion of vitreous or crystalline domains which act as junction points in a limited temperature range.
- elastomers-thermoplastics mention will be made especially TPO.
- elastomers mention may be made of:
- nitrile rubber eg acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer
- Copolyether amides and copolyester amides eg PEBAX grades marketed by ARKEMA.
- the adhesion between the functionalized PVDF layer or the mixture and the thermoplastic or elastomeric polymer layer is not sufficient, at least one layer of an adhesion binder may be placed between these two layers.
- the adhesion binder advantageously has chemical functions which react with those present on the functionalized PVDF. For example, if acid anhydride functions have been grafted onto PVDF, the adhesion binder advantageously comprises epoxide or hydroxy functions.
- the adhesion binder layer may be optionally split. That is to say between the thermoplastic polymer layer and the layer of functionalized PVDF or mixture can be providing a 1 st layer of binder and a 2 nd layer of another binder, the two layers of binder being arranged against each other.
- a multilayer structure mention may be made of the one comprising arranged in the order one against the other: a layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and / or at least one elastomer;
- At least one layer of an adhesion binder A layer comprising the functionalized PVDF or the mixture;
- a layer comprising a fluoropolymer, preferably a PVDF homo- or copolymer.
- the thermoplastic polymer layer is the outer layer or the inner layer.
- the thermoplastic polymer is a polyethylene, which is in the form of a tube or a container and which is used for the transport or storage of a chemical that may damage the polyolefin the polyethylene layer being the outer layer.
- the chemical may be, for example, a hydrocarbon (gasoline, fuel, etc.) or a corrosive product (acid, base, hydrogen peroxide, etc.).
- the functionalized PVDF layer or mixture and / or the fluoropolymer layer protects the polyolefin layer. In the case of a hydrocarbon, it avoids the swelling of the polyolefin.
- Another example of a multilayer structure comprises arranged in order one against the other:
- a layer comprising a fluoropolymer, preferably a homo- or copolymer PVDF;
- a layer comprising the functionalized PVDF or the mixture
- At least one layer of an adhesion binder is optionally at least one layer of an adhesion binder
- a layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and / or at least one elastomer; Optionally at least one layer of an adhesion binder;
- a layer comprising the functionalized PVDF or the mixture
- a layer comprising a fluoropolymer, preferably a PVDF homo- or copolymer.
- thermoplastic polymer is a polyethylene, which is in the form of a tube or a container and which is used for the transport or storage of a chemical product. likely to damage the polyolefin.
- the chemical may be, for example, a hydrocarbon (gasoline, fuel, etc.) or a corrosive product (acid, base, hydrogen peroxide, etc.).
- the functionalised PVDF or mixture layers and / or the optional layers of the fluoropolymer serve to protect the polyethylene inner layer. In the case of a hydrocarbon, they also prevent the swelling of polyethylene.
- inorganic material By inorganic material is meant: "a metal;
- the layer comprising the functionalized PVDF or the mixture therefore constitutes a protective coating for the inorganic material.
- the inorganic material is coated with a composition comprising at least one functionalized PVDF or the mixture according to the invention.
- This composition protects for example against corrosion in all its forms. It may also optionally comprise at least one acrylic polymer, for example a PMMA. It may also optionally comprise one or more additives chosen from anti-UV agents, mineral fillers, pigments and / or dyes, conductive fillers such as carbon black or carbon nanotubes, etc.
- the metal can be for example iron, copper, aluminum, titanium, lead, tin, cobalt, silver, tungsten, nickel, zinc or an alloy (for example steel , carbon steels, nickel, chromium, nickel-chromium, chromium-molybdenum, silicon, stainless steel, cast iron, Permalloy, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-copper-nickel alloys - magnesium, aluminum-silicon-copper-nickel-magnesium, brass, bronze, silicon bronze, silicon brass, nickel bronze).
- an alloy for example steel , carbon steels, nickel, chromium, nickel-chromium, chromium-molybdenum, silicon, stainless steel, cast iron, Permalloy, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-copper-nickel alloys - magnesium, aluminum-silicon-copper-nickel-magnesium, brass, bronze, silicon bronze, silicon brass, nickel bronze).
- the metal may first undergo a physical and / or chemical pretreatment the purpose of which is to clean the metal surface and promote the adhesion of the functionalized PVDF layer or mixture.
- a physical and / or chemical pretreatment the purpose of which is to clean the metal surface and promote the adhesion of the functionalized PVDF layer or mixture.
- Possible pretreatments are: alkaline degreasing, solvent degreasing such as trichlorethylene, brushing, grinding, phosphating, chromating, anodizing (eg for aluminum and its alloys), anodizing chromic, silanization, abrasion, etching and in particular sulfochromic etching.
- a possible pretreatment may be to apply an adhesion promoter.
- the adhesion promoters have been described by Cassidy P. E. in the journal Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Development, 1972, Volume 11, No.
- Pretreatment may also consist of a combination of these various pretreatments, including the combination of a physical pretreatment. and chemical.
- the metal can be in various forms and geometry such as for example in the form:
- An elongated surface such as, for example, a sheet, a plate or a sheet, a hollow body such as, for example, a container, a container, a bottle, a bottle, a chemical reactor,
- the coating can be applied in the molten state, in solution in a solvent or in powder form.
- a powder it is possible to use the bed technique fluidized by soaking a heated metal piece in a fluidized bed of the powder is usable or the electrostatic powder coating technique.
- the powder is introduced into a gun where it is conveyed by compressed air and passes through a nozzle raised to a high electrical potential generally between ten and a hundred kV.
- the applied voltage may be of positive or negative polarity.
- the flow rate of the powder in the gun is generally between 10 and 200 g / min, preferably between 50 and 120 g / min.
- the powder is charged with a certain amount of electricity, the particles of powders conveyed by the compressed air are applied to the metal part connected to the earth, that is to say say to a zero electrostatic potential.
- the particles of the powder are retained on this surface by their electrostatic charge and the electrostatic attraction forces are sufficient for the powder-coated object to be displaced and heated in an oven.
- the functionalized PVDF or the mixture can be used in the manufacture of positive or negative electrodes, in particular for lithium-ion batteries.
- the electroactive layer containing either mixed oxide fillers or carbon and / or graphite feeds and other ingredients for adjusting the electrical performance is generally carried out by dispersing the charges in a solvent in the presence of a polymeric binder fluorinated. The dispersion is then deposited on a metal collector by a "cast” method, the solvent is then evaporated to obtain a negative or positive electrode depending on the nature of the charge used.
- the performance of a battery greatly depends on the characteristics of the binder. A good binder makes it possible to produce sufficiently charged layers of electroactive ingredients which makes it possible to have a high specific capacity.
- the binder must also be stable against oxidation-reduction reactions during charge / discharge cycles and must also be insensitive to the electrolyte present in the battery.
- the electrolyte typically contains carbonate type solvents (ethyl carbonate, propylene) and a lithium salt (LiPF6, LiBF 4 ).
- carbonate type solvents ethyl carbonate, propylene
- LiPF6, LiBF 4 a lithium salt
- the functionalized PVDF may be replaced by functionalized PVDF or the mixture of the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of the functionalized PVDF or the mixture according to the invention for the manufacture of a positive or negative electrode of a battery, preferably a lithium-ion battery.
- a positive or negative electrode for lithium-ion battery comprising the structure composed of a
- a layer 1-2 comprising the functionalized PVDF or the mixture of the invention.
- the metal is preferably aluminum for a positive electrode and copper for a negative electrode.
- the Applicant has found that it is possible with the coextrusion technique in which at least one layer comprising the coextrusion is coextruded.
- Functionalized PVDF or the mixture and at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer to increase the coextrusion line speed (i.e. a multilayer structure speed coextruded in m / min) without impairing the quality of the adhesion between the functionalized PVDF layer (or mixture) and the layer (s) in contact.
- the invention also relates to the coextrusion method using the functionalized PVDF or the mixture of coextruding at least one layer of the functionalized PVDF or mixture and at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer or an elastomer.
- KYNAR ® 720 PVDF homopolymer from Arkema with a melt index 20 g / 10 min (230 0 C, 5 kg) and melting temperature of 170 0 C with the following characteristics:
- OREVAC ® 18302 LLDPE-type polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride with a melt index of 1 g / 10 min and a melting point of 124 ° C
- LOTADER ® AX 8840 copolymer of ethylene (92% by weight) and glycidyl methacrylate (8% by weight) from the company ARKEMA having a melt index of 5 according to ASTM D-1238.
- PEX obtained from a mixture of 95% by weight BORPEX ® ME-2510 and 5% MB-51, two products marketed by BOREALIS.
- the crosslinking is carried out by heating and is due to the presence of silane functions on the polyethylene.
- PVDF-1 VDF-HFP copolymer having 16% by weight of HFP with: Tc: 103 ° C. ⁇ y: 18 MPa v: 900 Pa.s Young's modulus traction: 360 MPa
- the PVDF-1 is mixed at 190 ° C. with 2% by weight of maleic anhydride. This mixture is done with all the wells of the extruder closed, with a screw speed of 200 rpm and a flow rate of 60 kg / h.
- the product which is pelletized is introduced into a bag having a sealed layer of aluminum. This bag is irradiated under 20 kgray. The product after irradiation was again passed into the extruder at 245 ° C under a maximum vacuum and at 200 rpm. The flow rate is 25 kg / h.
- the infrared analysis of the product after this devolatilization step shows a degree of grafting of
- Example 2 We use the conditions of Example 1 but with the Kynar 720 ® PVDF instead of -1.
- the infrared analysis of the product after devolatilization shows a degree of grafting of 0.50% and a free maleic anhydride level of 300 ppm. This product is called Functionalized PVDF 2.
- KYNAR ® 720 (130 ⁇ m) / functionalized PVDF 2 (50 ⁇ m) / LOTADER ® AX 8840 (50 ⁇ m) / PEX (780 ⁇ m).
- the PEX layer is the outer layer. All layers adhere to each other. Extrusion is carried out at 40 m / minute under the following conditions:
- KYNAR ® 720 130 microns
- functionalized PVDF 2 diluted to 50% in a VDF-HFP copolymer containing 16% HFP and having a viscosity at 230 0 C of 900 Pa.s at 100 s "1 (50 .mu.m) / LOTADER ® AX 8840 (50 ⁇ m) / PEX (780 ⁇ m).
- Extrusion is carried out at 40 m / minute.
- the PEX layer is the outer layer. All layers adhere to each other.
- the adhesion between the layers of PVDF mixture and Lotader ® 8840 is measured at 20 N / cm by circumferential peel after 5 days.
- the adhesion is adhesive type.
- Example 3 Is manufactured in the same conditions as in Example 3, a tube having the following structure: KYNAR ® 720 (130 microns) / functionalized PVDF 1 (50 .mu.m) / Lotader ® AX 8840 (50 .mu.m) / PEX (780 .mu.m).
- Extrusion is carried out at 40 m / minute.
- the adhesion is measured at 60 N / cm by circumferential peel after 5 days.
- the adhesion is of cohesive type in the layer of LOTADER ® 8840. Table I
- the LOTADER AX 8840 serves as an adhesion binder between the functionalized PVDF and the PEX.
- the extrusion is carried out at 230 ° C. on a film of 250 ⁇ m in total thickness.
- the adhesion is measured at 18 N / cm between functionalized PVDF 1 and EVOH.
- Example 7 (Comparative) A film is produced on CoIMn sheath extruder having the following structure:
- KYNAR ® 2500-20 50 ⁇ m
- functionalized PVDF 2 25 ⁇ m
- EVOH 25 ⁇ m
- the extrusion is carried out at 230 ° C on a film of 250 microns in total thickness.
- the adhesion is measured at 0.5 N / cm between functionalized PVDF 1 and EVOH.
- a threshold stress ⁇ y ranging from 10 to 40 MPa, preferably from 10 to 30 MPa;
- a melt viscosity ⁇ (measured by capillary rheometer at 230 ° C. at 100 sec -1 ) ranging from 100 to 1500 Pa s, preferably from 400 to 1200 Pa s.
- a multilayer structure comprising at least one layer comprising the copolymer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the mixture as defined in any one of claims 6 to 10 and: at least one layer comprising at least at least one thermoplastic polymer and / or at least one elastomer,
- At least one layer of an inorganic material At least one layer of an inorganic material.
- Multilayer structure comprising arranged in the order one against the other:
- a layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and / or at least one elastomer
- At least one layer of an adhesion binder is optionally at least one layer of an adhesion binder
- a layer comprising the copolymer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the mixture as defined in any one of claims 6 to 10;
- a layer comprising a fluoropolymer, preferably a PVDF homo- or copolymer.
- Multilayer structure comprising arranged in the order against each other: Optionally a layer comprising a fluoropolymer, preferably a homo- or copolymer PVDF;
- a layer comprising the copolymer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the mixture as defined in any one of claims 6 to 10;
- At least one layer of an adhesion binder is optionally at least one layer of an adhesion binder
- a layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and / or at least one elastomer
- At least one layer of an adhesion binder A layer comprising the copolymer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the mixture as defined in any one of claims 6 to 10;
- a layer comprising a fluoropolymer, preferably a PVDF homo- or copolymer.
- thermoplastic polymer is chosen from:
- Polyamides preferably PA 6, PA 11, PA 12 and PA 6.6;
- Polymers comprising more than 50% by weight of ethylene and / or propylene;
- Polymers comprising more than 50% by weight of vinyl chloride
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
- SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
- PPO polyphenylene oxide
- Polymers and copolymers comprising more than 50% by weight of styrene; Fluoropolymers such as PVDF, PTFE, copolymers of
- TFE and HFP copolymers of ethylene and TFE, copolymers of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride.
- thermoplastic polymer is a polyolefin or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer of ethylene selected from alpha-olefins, preferably butene or octenes, vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids, preferably vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, alkyl (meth) acrylates, preferably methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate.
- the polyolefin is a polyethylene homo- or copolymer of the type medium density (DME), a HDPE (high density), a LDPE (low density), a LLDPE (linear low density) polyethylene prepared by a metallocene or more generally monosite type of catalysis or a crosslinked polyethylene (PEX).
- DME type medium density
- HDPE high density
- LDPE low density
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene prepared by a metallocene or more generally monosite type of catalysis or a crosslinked polyethylene (PEX).
- At least one acrylic polymer is:
- Positive or negative electrode for lithium-ion battery comprising the structure consisting of a
- a layer 1-2 comprising the modified copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the mixture as defined in any one of claims 6 to 10.
- Electrode according to claim 21 characterized in that the metal is aluminum or copper.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0653316A FR2904828B1 (fr) | 2006-08-08 | 2006-08-08 | Copolymere de fluorure de vinylidene fonctionnalise par greffage par irradiation par un monomere polaire insature |
PCT/FR2007/051791 WO2008017789A2 (fr) | 2006-08-08 | 2007-08-07 | Copolymère de fluorure de vinylidène fonctionalisé par greffage par irridiation d'un monomère polaire insaturé. |
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EP2052002A2 true EP2052002A2 (fr) | 2009-04-29 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP07823697A Withdrawn EP2052002A2 (fr) | 2006-08-08 | 2007-08-07 | Copolymère de fluorure de vinylidène fonctionalisé par greffage par irridiation d'un monomère polaire insaturé |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20100255378A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2052002A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5457180B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101522735A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2660341A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2904828B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20090985L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008017789A2 (fr) |
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JPH10144571A (ja) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-05-29 | Tdk Corp | 固体型電気二重層キャパシタ |
US6743876B2 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 2004-06-01 | Atofina Chemicals, Inc. | Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene having reduced extractable content and improved solution clarity |
JPH10334948A (ja) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-18 | Tdk Corp | 電極、この電極を用いたリチウム2次電池および電気2重層キャパシタ |
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FR2904867B1 (fr) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-09-19 | Arkema France | Tube multicouche pour le transport d'eau ou de gaz |
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2006
- 2006-08-08 FR FR0653316A patent/FR2904828B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-07-07 US US12/376,654 patent/US20100255378A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-07 JP JP2009523327A patent/JP5457180B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-07 CN CNA2007800369847A patent/CN101522735A/zh active Pending
- 2007-08-07 WO PCT/FR2007/051791 patent/WO2008017789A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-08-07 CA CA002660341A patent/CA2660341A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-07 EP EP07823697A patent/EP2052002A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
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2009
- 2009-03-04 NO NO20090985A patent/NO20090985L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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See references of WO2008017789A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2010500440A (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
CN101522735A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
CA2660341A1 (fr) | 2008-02-14 |
JP5457180B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
FR2904828A1 (fr) | 2008-02-15 |
WO2008017789A2 (fr) | 2008-02-14 |
US20100255378A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
NO20090985L (no) | 2009-05-05 |
FR2904828B1 (fr) | 2008-09-19 |
WO2008017789A3 (fr) | 2008-03-27 |
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