Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
  • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
  • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
  • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
  • H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
  • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
  • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
  • H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
  • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
  • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of transmitting and / or receiving antennas, possibly of network type, and more particularly the orthomode transducing devices (or “transducers”) that equip such antennas.
• antenna is understood to mean both a single elementary source of radiation coupled to an orthomode transducer device and a network antenna.
• network antenna is understood to mean an antenna capable of operating in transmission and / or reception and comprising a network of elementary radiation sources and control means capable of controlling by means of active chain (s). the amplitude and / or the phase of the radiofrequency signals to be transmitted (or in the opposite direction, received from the space in the form of waves) by the elementary sources of radiation according to a chosen diagram. Consequently, it will be a question of so-called direct radiation network antennas (often designated by their acronym DRA), active or more rarely passive, than active or passive network type sources, placed in front of a reflector system ( s).
• DRA direct radiation network antennas
• orthomode transducer is understood herein to be what the person skilled in the art knows by the acronym OMT (for "OrthoMode Transducer”), that is to say a device intended to be connected to a source.
• elementary radiation such as for example a horn, in order to supply it (in transmission) or to be supplied (in reception) selectively with either a first electromagnetic mode having a first polarization, or with a second electromagnetic mode having a second polarization orthogonal to the first.
• the first and second polarizations are generally linear (horizontal (H) and vertical (V)).
• orthomode transducer comprises for example:
• a main (wave) waveguide adapted to propagation along a main (radioelectric) axis of first and second electromagnetic modes having first and second orthogonal polarizations between them
• the first auxiliary guide is provided with a first end, coupled in series with the second end of the main guide via a serial coupling slot, and a second end coupled to a first mode adapted serial port, and
• At least one second auxiliary guide adapted to the propagation of the second electromagnetic mode along a second (radioelectric) auxiliary axis, coupled to the main guide via at least one coupling slot in parallel and provided with a first end coupled to a parallel access adapted auo second mode.
• the space available for implanting the radiating elements (or elementary sources of radiation) directly depends on the dimensions of the mesh (or elementary pattern) of the network, which are fixed by operational requirements (target frequency band, performance optimization, reduction of lobe losses (in the case of a DRA), sampling of the focal task (in the case of a reflector antenna (s) and network type source)).
• This type of OMJ comprises a main waveguide, of the aforementioned type, with a square cross section and intended to be coupled, via a series coupling slot, to a first auxiliary guide in series (adapted to the propagation of the first electromagnetic mode), and a second auxiliary guide of rectangular transverse section, adapted to the propagation of the second electromagnetic mode, coupled to the main guide via a parallel coupling slot and provided with a first end intended to be coupled to a parallel access adapted to the second mode.
• the parallel coupling slot is defined between a side wall of the main guide and a side wall of the second auxiliary guide (which extends to a height equal to that of the smaller side of its rectangular cross section), so that the second auxiliary guide extends in the plane of the meshes over a distance equal to that of the largest side of its rectangular transverse section.
• LOMJ then has a footprint in the mesh plane typically of the order of 2 ⁇ , which is still too high.
• the provision of access then makes the architecture of the complete antenna much more complex, and has the effect of increasing the mass and bulk balances. Since no known solution is entirely satisfactory, the purpose of the invention is therefore to improve the situation.
• the first and second auxiliary guides are placed one above the other so that their first and second (radioelectric) auxiliary axes are parallel to the main (radio) axis of the main guide, and each coupling slot in parallel is defined between an upper wall of the main guide and a lower wall of the second auxiliary guide, and oriented relative to the main axis so as, on the one hand, to allow the coupling of the main guide with the second auxiliary guide for the transfer selectively the second mode from one to the other, and secondly, to constrain the first mode to propagate between the main guide and the first auxiliary guide.
• the invention proposes to place the second auxiliary guide above the main guide (possibly with a slight lateral offset), and not next to it, then to define each coupling slot in parallel in a position parallel to or transverse to the main axis according to whether the first and second auxiliary guides have the same orientation or directions perpendicular to each other.
• the device according to the invention may comprise other characteristics that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular: its second auxiliary guide may for example comprise a second end opposite the first end and closed so as to define a short circuit ;
• the first and second auxiliary guides and the serial and parallel accesses have rectangular transverse sections whose long sides are parallel to each other (which corresponds to a situation in which the first and second auxiliary guides have the same orientation ); > the zone of the lower wall of the second auxiliary guide is for example located near a side wall of the second auxiliary guide;
• each parallel coupling slot has a rectangular shape, with a large side perpendicular to the main axis and a small side of much shorter length than the long side, and is defined in a centered or off-center position with respect to Main tax and second auxiliary axis.
• the first auxiliary guide and the serial port have rectangular cross sections whose long sides are parallel to each other
• the second auxiliary guide and the parallel access have rectangular cross sections whose long sides are parallel to each other. to each other and perpendicular to the long sides of the first auxiliary guide and the serial port (which corresponds to a situation in which the first and second auxiliary guides have different orientations);
• it may comprise one, two, or even three (or even more), parallel coupling slots of rectangular shape, of identical or different chosen dimensions in order to modulate the energy fraction 0 coupled by each slot, and spaced apart. one of the other from a chosen distance.
• the invention also provides an antenna equipped with an orthomode transducer device of the type shown above and coupled to a single elementary source of radiation.
• the invention also proposes a network antenna equipped with a multiplicity of orthomode transducing devices of the type of the one presented above and respectively coupled to elementary sources of radiation arranged in a network having a chosen mesh, for example of the hexagonal type.
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, a first embodiment of an orthomode transducer device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 very schematically illustrates, in a side view (YZ plane), the first exemplary embodiment of the orthomode transducer device illustrated in FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 very schematically illustrates, in a view from above (XY plane), the first exemplary embodiment of the orthomode transducer device illustrated in FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 very schematically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view in the XZ plane, the first exemplary embodiment of the orthomode transducer device illustrated in FIG. 1,
• FIG. 5 very schematically illustrates, in a perspective view, a second exemplary embodiment of an orthomode transducer device according to the invention
• FIG. 6 very schematically illustrates, in a side view (FIG. YZ), the second exemplary embodiment of the orthomode transducer device illustrated in FIG. 5,
• FIG. 7 very schematically illustrates, in a view from above (XY plane), the second exemplary embodiment of the orthomode transducer device illustrated in FIG. 5;
• FIG. 8 very schematically illustrates, in a cross-sectional view in the XZ plane, the second exemplary embodiment of the orthomode transducer device illustrated in FIG. 5,
• FIG. 9 very schematically illustrates an arrangement of orthomode transduction devices of the type illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, at the nodes of a mesh (here hexagonal by way of example), of a network of a network antenna, and
• FIG. 10 very schematically illustrates an arrangement of orthomode transduction devices of the type illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, at the nodes of a cell (here hexagonal by way of example), of a network of FIG. a network antenna.
• the object of the invention is to enable orthomode transduction devices with optimized compactness to be produced, preferably without a decoupling blade (or septum), for a transmitting and / or receiving antenna (possibly of network type).
• Pantenne is a network antenna of the type called direct radiation (or DRA), and for example active. It therefore comprises a network of elementary sources of radiation, such as, for example, cornets, each coupled to an orthomode transducer D, according to the invention, and control means capable of controlling by means of active chain (s) ( s) the amplitude and / or phase of the radio frequency signals to be transmitted (or in the opposite direction, which are received from the space in the form of waves) by the elementary sources of radiation according to a chosen diagram. But, the invention is not limited to this type of antenna.
• DRA direct radiation
• a reflector system such as for example antennas of the FAFR type, active or passive, reconfigurable or no, and secondly, a single elemental source of radiation coupled to a device according to the invention.
• the network antenna is embedded in a Ka-band multimedia telecommunications satellite (18.2 GHz at 20.2 GHz in transmit or 27.5 GHz at 30 GHz in reception), or in Ku band (10.7 GHz at 12.75 GHz in transmission or 13.75 GHz at 14.5 GHz in reception).
• the proposed device remains applicable to any other frequency band.
• the two radiated polarizations can be in the same frequency band, or in different frequency bands.
• FIGS. 1 to 4 describe a first exemplary embodiment of an orthomode transducer device D according to the invention.
• an orthomode transducer D comprises at least one main waveguide (or main body) GP, coupled with a circular access AC, a first auxiliary waveguide GA1, coupled in series with the main waveguide GP and with a serial access AS (shown in FIG. 4), and a second auxiliary waveguide GA2, coupled in parallel with the mainguide GP and AP parallel access (shown in Figure 4).
• the main guide GP is a parallelepiped whose cross section (in the XZ plane) is for example rectangular or square. But it is also possible that the main guide GP is circular in shape, although this solution is not that currently preferred. It extends in a longitudinal direction (Y) which also defines the main radio axis of the device D.
• first and second electromagnetic modes are respectively having first P1 and second P2 polarizations which are orthogonal to each other.
• the first and second electromagnetic modes are respectively TE 10 (fundamental mode) and TE01.
• the first P1 and second P2 polarizations are of linear type, P1 being for example vertical (V) and horizontal P2 (H), or the reverse.
• P1 being for example vertical (V) and horizontal P2 (H), or the reverse.
• the invention also makes it possible to carry out circular polarizations by adding appropriate components in order to obtain the necessary electrical phase conditions (for example, by adding hybrid couplers on the two rectangular access guides, or well a polarizer on the circular main guide).
• the main guide GP comprises two "lateral" walls PL (in the YZ plane), a “lower” wall (in the XY plane) and an “upper” wall PS (in the XY plane).
• the concepts "lateral”, “lower” and “upper” must be understood here with reference to the figures, an upper wall PS of a guide being therefore placed above a lower wall of the same guide and perpendicular to two walls.
• Lateral PL of said guide are only used to facilitate the description and do not concern the final orientation of the walls of a main guide GP or auxiliary GA1 or GA2 once the device D integrated in an antenna (here network type for example).
• These side walls PL, lower and upper PS internally delimit a main cavity provided with first and second ends.
• the first end is coupled to the circular access AC which is adapted to the first and second modes (presenting respectively the first P1 and second P2 polarizations) and which is intended to be connected to an elementary source of radiation.
• a so-called “serial” coupling slot FSP is defined at the second end. It is preferably of rather rectangular shape, its long side being for example parallel to the Z axis.
• the upper wall PS, of the main guide GP comprises at least one aperture of chosen shape forming part of a so-called coupling slot. "Parallel" FPL or FPT.
• the first auxiliary (wave) waveguide GA1 has a parallelepipedal shape of transverse section (in the XZ plane) of rectangular shape, for example (but other shapes may be envisaged, and in particular circular or elliptical). It extends in a longitudinal direction (Y) which also defines its (first) auxiliary radio axis. It thus extends, so to speak, the main guide GP along the Y axis. Its dimensions are chosen so as to allow propagation along the first (radioelectric) auxiliary axis of radiofrequency signals.
• the first auxiliary guide GA1 comprises two "lateral" walls (in the YZ plane), a “lower” wall (in the XY plane) and an “upper” wall (in the XY plane). These lower and upper side walls internally delimit a first auxiliary cavity provided with first and second ends.
• the first end is serially coupled to the second end of the main guide GP via the FSP series coupling slot.
• the second end is coupled to the AS serial access which is adapted to the first mode having the first polarization P1 and is defined in the XZ plane.
• the AS serial access has a rectangular shape.
• the AS serial access has a large GC1 side parallel to the X axis and a small PC1 side. parallel to the Z axis.
• the first auxiliary guide GA1 may not be a pure parallelepiped. It can, as illustrated, be partly composed of at least two parts of parallelepipedal shape of sections (in the plane perpendicular to the Y direction) and of selected lengths (in the Y direction), so as to achieve a change transverse dimensions of the guide (step transformer for impedance matching) in order to optimize electrical performance.
• the second auxiliary (wave) waveguide GA2 has a parallelepipedal shape of transverse section (in the XZ plane) of rectangular shape, for example. It extends in a longitudinal direction (Y) which also defines its (second) auxiliary radio axis. Its dimensions are chosen so as to allow propagation along the second (radio) auxiliary axis of radiofrequency (RF) signals according to the second electromagnetic mode having the second polarization P2.
• the second auxiliary guide GA2 comprises two "lateral" walls (in the YZ plane), a “lower” wall Pl (in the XY plane) and an “upper” wall (in the XY plane). These side walls, lower and upper Pl delimit internally a second auxiliary cavity provided with first and second ends.
• the first end is coupled to the parallel access AP which is adapted to the second mode having the second polarization P2 and is defined in the XZ plane.
• the second end is preferably terminated by a terminal wall PT (in the XZ plane) so as to define in the second auxiliary cavity an electrical short circuit.
• the lower wall P1, of the second auxiliary guide GA2 comprises at least one opening of the same shape chosen as that defined in the upper wall PS of the main guide GP and constituting a complementary part of a parallel coupling slot FPL or FPT.
• the parallel access AP has a rectangular shape.
• the parallel access AP has a large side GC2 parallel to the axis X and a small side PC2 parallel to the axis Z.
• the second auxiliary guide GA2 may not be a pure parallelepiped. It can, as illustrated, consist of at least two parts of parallelepipedal shape, but having different dimensions (sections in the plane perpendicular to the Y direction, and lengths in the Y direction), in order to achieve a transformer with steps to optimize electrical performance.
• the main guide GP may not be a pure parallelepiped. It may consist of at least two different parts, one of parallelepiped shape, and the other of circular cylindrical shape, for impedance matching.
• the first GA1 and second GA2 auxiliary guides are placed one above the other so that their first and second auxiliary radio axes are parallel to the main radio axis of the main guide GP.
• the second auxiliary guide GA2 is therefore also at least partly placed above the upper wall PS of the main guide GP.
• main guide GP and its circular access AC
• first GA1 and second GA2 auxiliary guides and their serial access AS and parallel AP
• main guide GP and its circular access AC
• first GA1 and second GA2 auxiliary guides and their serial access AS and parallel AP
• main guide GP and the first GA1 and second GA2 auxiliary guides can be made in two or three parts assembled to each other. But, it is also possible that they constitute a one-piece assembly according to the manufacturing method used. In this case, it is clear that the upper walls of the main guide GP and the first auxiliary guide GA1 coincide with the lower wall P1 of the second auxiliary guide GA2, although they contribute to defining part of the main and auxiliary cavities.
• each FPL or FPT parallel coupling slot is defined between the upper wall PS of the main guide GP and the lower wall P1 of the second auxiliary guide GA2.
• a parallel coupling slot FPL or FPT may consist only of the two apertures that correspond in the upper wall PS of the main guide GP and in the lower wall P1 of the second auxiliary guide GA2.
• a parallel coupling slot FPL or FPT may also be constituted by two corresponding openings and a connecting element providing the guiding function between these two openings (this solution is currently not the preferred because we try to (imitate as much as possible the thickness (or length) of the connecting element).
• Each FPL or FPT parallel coupling slot is oriented in a chosen manner with respect to the main radiofrequency axis for two reasons.
• the orientation must first allow coupling of the main cavity (defined by the main guide GP) with the second auxiliary cavity (defined by the second auxiliary guide GA2) so that the second mode (having the second polarization P2) is selectively transferred either from the main guide GP to the second auxiliary guide GA2 in reception (Rx), or from the second auxiliary guide GA2 to the main guide GP in transmission (Tx).
• the orientation must constrain the first mode (having the first polarization P1) to propagate either from the main guide GP to the first auxiliary guide GA1 in reception (Rx), or from the first auxiliary guide GA1 to the main guide GP in transmission (Tx).
• the coupling of the second mode is imposed either by the length of the parallel coupling slot FPL and by its lateral offset (in the X direction) with respect to the second auxiliary radiofrequency axis of the second auxiliary guide GA2, in the case of a slot longitudinal rectangle whose long side is parallel to the Y direction, either by the length (s) and / or the number of FPT parallel coupling slots and / or the interfering distance and / or the center position of each slot parallel coupling FPT with respect to the second auxiliary RF axis, in the case of a transverse rectangular slot whose long side is parallel to the X direction.
• the distance between the short-circuit, placed on the end wall PT of the second auxiliary guide GA2, and the closest FPL or FPT coupling slot may also be part of the adjustment parameters.
• the use of several FPT parallel coupling slots makes it possible to distribute the power between them.
• each FPL or FPT parallel coupling slot makes it possible to minimize the excitation of the first polarization P1, or in other words to set the rejection level of the first polarization P1. This avoids the use of decoupling blades (or septum), although this is also possible here.
• a width of between approximately ⁇ / 10 and ⁇ / 20 is chosen, where ⁇ is the operating wavelength of the device D.
• each FPL or FPT parallel coupling slot is chosen to optimize the coupling with the current lines which correspond to the second mode and which are produced on the top wall.
• each FPL or FPT parallel coupling slot depends on the compactness sought for the device D in the X direction. Two classes of embodiment can be envisaged.
• the first class includes the embodiments in which each FPL parallel coupling slot is rectangular "longitudinal" (long side (or length) parallel to the Y direction) and placed above and parallel to the main axis of the main guide GP and at the same time shifted laterally (in the X direction) relative to the second auxiliary radiofrequency axis of the second auxiliary guide GA2.
• each FPT parallel coupling slot is rectangular "transverse" (large side (or length) parallel to the X direction) and centered (but can also be shifted (or decentered)) by relative to the main axis of the main guide GP and the second auxiliary axis of the second auxiliary guide GA2 (the main axis and the second auxiliary axis are then placed one above the other).
• the term "centered position" is understood here to mean the fact of having the same transversal extension on both sides of the second auxiliary axis.
• the positioning of the FPT parallel coupling slots relative to the second auxiliary RF axis makes it possible to define at least partially the power they transmit.
• the first class corresponds to the first exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4.
• a single parallel and parallel FPL parallel coupling slot has been shown, but we can consider using several (at least two) put one after the other and having the same orientation along the Y axis. In this case, the lengths of the slots are not necessarily identical.
• the longitudinal slot FPL opens into a zone of the lower wall P1 of the second auxiliary guide GA2 which is situated close to the lateral wall of the latter. Therefore the coupling is optimal.
• the transverse bulk (in the X direction) of the device D is at most equal to the sum of the width GC 1 of the main guide GP and half the width GC 2 of the second auxiliary guide GA 2, ie GC 1 + GC2 / 2.
• the first GA1 and 0 second GA2 auxiliary guides and the AS and parallel AP series accesses have rectangular cross sections, the large ones of which The sides are all parallel to the X direction. Consequently, the first GA1 and second GA2 auxiliary guides and the AS and parallel AP serial accesses all have the same "transverse" orientation (long sides GC1, GC2 along the X direction).
• the second class corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8.
• three FPT parallel coupling slots of identical and transverse rectangular shapes have been represented, but it is possible to envisage use one o or two or even more than three in parallel.
• each transverse slot FPT The greater the number of transverse slots FPT and the greater the length (in the X direction) of each transverse slot FPT, the more the coupling of the current lines of the second mode will have. tend to be effective.
• the three transverse slots FPT are of the same length and equidistant in pairs. But, this is not an obligation (the inter-slot distance can indeed vary). It will be noted that the lengths of the slots may also be adjustment parameters.
• the second auxiliary guide GA2 is thus integrally or almost completely placed above the main guide GP and the first auxiliary guide GA1. Therefore, the transverse bulk (in the X direction) of the device D is equal to that of the auxiliary or main guide which has the largest transverse extension. At least the transverse bulk of the device D is therefore the lowest for the second class of embodiment.
• the first auxiliary guide GA1 and its AS serial access have rectangular transverse sections whose long sides GC 1 are parallel to the direction Z, while the second auxiliary guide GA2 and its parallel access AP have rectangular cross sections whose long sides GC2 are parallel to the direction X. Therefore the first GA1 and second GA2 auxiliary guides have different orientations, as the AS serial and AP parallel access.
• FIG. 9 schematically shows seven orthomode transducing devices Di 1 to Di 7 belonging to the first class and positioned at the nodes of an example of a hexagonal mesh (or elementary pattern) Mi of a network of an antenna network.
• FIG. 10 diagrammatically shows seven orthomode transducing devices Di1 to Di7 belonging to the second class and positioned at the nodes of an example of a hexagonal (e) Mi mesh (or elementary pattern) of a network. a network antenna.
• the orthomode transducer devices D according to the invention can be arranged differently relative to each other so as to constitute other types of mesh (or elementary pattern) Mi of a network of a network antenna, for example triangular, rectangular, or any (that is to say a pattern not necessarily periodic).
• the main guide GP is coupled in series to an auxiliary guide s in series GA1 and in parallel to a parallel auxiliary guide G ⁇ 2.
• the main guide GP may be coupled in series to a series auxiliary guide GA1 and in parallel with one, two, three or four auxiliary guides in parallel GA2.
• the parallel auxiliary guides GA2 are coupled to the main guide GP at its different side walls lo (parallel to the XY and YZ planes). This may allow the device D to operate in a number of frequency bands between 1 and 5.
• these different auxiliary guides in parallel GA2 do not necessarily have their coupling slots all located at the same side along the axis Y.
• the transverse section of the cavity of the main guide GP i5 can also vary along the Y axis to take into account the different positions of said coupling slots.
• the device according to the invention can also be used when the constraint of congestion is not the major constraint, as is the case for example in single or isolated sources requiring a

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  • 2007-07-27 WO PCT/EP2007/057797 patent/WO2008012369A1/fr active Application Filing
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