EP2019254A2 - Lamp for illumination of surfaces of a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The light (10) for illuminating buildings or outside areas (SE) comprises a curved reflector (21) with facet-like segments (14a-14n) on the inner side (30), wherein radial undercuts with regard to the longitudinal center axis are associated with at least some of the segments. The segments have a reflecting surface of cylindrical, spherical or aspherical basic shape. A number of segments are arranged between an apex region (S) and a free end region (R) of the reflector. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a method for producing a reflector element from a source material workpiece, especially of aluminum; and (2) a tool for producing a reflector element by metal forming.

Description

The invention relates to a luminaire for illuminating building, building part or outer surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1.

A lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 is from the German patent application DE 10 2004 042 915 A1 the applicant.

The prior art luminaire has a reflector which has numerous facet-shaped segments on its inside. The segments each have a surface curved toward the interior and may be spherical, cylindrical or aspherical basic shape.

From the DE 199 10 192 A1 is known a reflector for reflecting light rays, which also has numerous faceted segments on its inner side.

Based on the lamp described above, the object of the invention is to further develop a lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 such that it allows an improved adjustment of the illumination intensity distribution.

The invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1, in particular with those of the characterizing part, and is accordingly characterized in that radial undercuts (HL, HM, HN) are associated with at least some of the segments with respect to the longitudinal central axis.

The principle of the invention thus consists essentially in respect to the longitudinal center axis radial undercuts provided. This means that the inside of the reflector or the reflector element is such that undercut or dead areas at least between each of the segments exist. If one observes the reflector element along its longitudinal central axis, that is to say if an observer looks along the longitudinal center axis into the interior of the reflector, he can not recognize the undercuts or dead spaces. These are true radial undercuts.

These radial undercuts allow a special contour, curvature, curvature or employment of the segments. For example, cylindrical segments can be made in a particular way, so as to allow a particularly uniform or directed to a certain solid angle range illuminance distribution. Even when using non-cylindrical segments, for example when using spherical or aspherical segments with arbitrary radii of curvature along different cross sections of the segments, the radial undercuts can be particularly advantageous.

The teaching of the invention allows a special inner contour of a reflector of a lamp, which can now be made completely selectable. In particular, light portions emitted by the light source and impinging on the reflector can now be emitted relatively close to the edge region of the reflector. In the case of a ceiling-side mounting of the luminaire, for example, side wall areas of a building room can be illuminated far up in this way.

The luminaire according to the invention preferably has a reflector made of aluminum. Further advantageously, the reflector is made of pressed aluminum. The use of aluminum as a material for the reflector element offers a number of Benefits. On the one hand, conventional materials and processing methods can be used. On the other hand, aluminum offers a particularly high quality, in particular in terms of lighting technology advantageous, because with a high efficiency reflective surface. In addition, the reflector element is inexpensive to produce and very light.

On the other hand, a luminaire according to the invention can not be produced by means of conventional method steps, since due to the radial undercuts arranged according to the invention, an axial releasability is not given. This requires a new production method according to the invention and a new tool or a tool mold according to the invention. This will be explained later.

The formulation according to which the reflector has a longitudinal central axis relates in particular to essentially rotationally symmetrical reflectors. Rotationally symmetrical reflectors are those which, at least with respect to their basic shape, that is to say in terms of their shell shape, are arranged rotationally symmetrically about the longitudinal central axis. A rotational symmetry of the basic shape is also given when segments are arranged in a non-rotationally symmetric manner about the longitudinal central axis.

A longitudinal central axis of a reflector is also present in a reflector with an example square cross-section. The longitudinal central axis of the reflector is essentially that reflector axis which extends from a vertex area of the reflector to its light exit opening.

The formulation according to which, according to the invention, at least some of the segments are radial relative to the longitudinal central axis Undercuts are assigned, says that at least one segment, which is arranged closer to an edge region of the reflector, an adjacent segment, which is located closer to the vertex, surmounting or overlapping, wherein the overlap or Überragungsbereich is hollow. When viewed along the longitudinal central axis from the light exit opening of the reflector toward the vertex, this radial overlap region forms a dead space or shadow space.

The luminaire according to the invention serves for illuminating building, building part or exterior surfaces. In particular, the luminaire according to the invention is used for illumination, in particular for particularly uniform illumination, of floor and / or wall or / and ceiling surfaces of a building. In the case of a design of the luminaire according to the invention as an outdoor light, for example, also road surfaces, green areas or parking areas can be illuminated. The luminaire according to the invention likewise serves for illuminating objects, for example pictures or statues.

It comprises a substantially cup-shaped arched reflector, in particular a parabolic reflector, ie a reflector which has a substantially parabolic cross-section. Further advantageously, the reflector is substantially rotationally symmetrical with respect to its basic shape about its longitudinal central axis.

In the interior of the reflector, a light source can be arranged. This may be, for example, a HIT lamp, eg a HIT-TC-CE, or another metal halide lamp, alternatively also one or more LEDs. Also, several HIT lamps can be arranged in the interior of the reflector. Advantageously, only one lamp through an opening in the reflector, in particular by a in the apex region of the Reflector mounted opening, introduced into the interior of the reflector. In addition to the use of HIT lamps, it is also possible to use halogen low-voltage incandescent lamps, for example QT9, QT12 or QT16 lamps. Preferably, in particular substantially punctiform light sources are used, ie those light sources which emit the light out of a particularly small volume.

On the inside of the reflector, a plurality of facet-like segments is arranged. The inside of the reflector may be completely occupied by facet-shaped segments or only partially, i. along certain subregions, be occupied with segments. For example, it is conceivable that only a circumferential angular range of e.g. 90 °, ie a four-circle segment, is occupied by facet-shaped segments, and the remaining three-quadrant region of the reflector is substantially smooth.

Each segment has in each case a curved surface towards the interior. Preferably, at least some of the segments have a reflective surface of cylindrical basic shape. This means that the segments are provided by a body which, as a sectional body, originates from a cylindrical body, in particular a circular cylinder. Alternatively, at least some of the segments have a reflective surface of spherical or aspherical basic shape. This meant that the segments are provided by a body, which as a sectional body originates from a spherical body or an ellipsoid of revolution or a body that is curved differently along different cutting planes.

In the case of the presence of cylindrical segments, a cylindrical axis can be assigned to each cylindrical segment. The cylinder axis is the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical base body or is parallel to this. Preferably, each cylindrical base body is a circular cylindrical basic body.

The reflective surface of the segment is that surface portion of the segment which contributes to the reflection of light rays emitted by the light source. The reflective surface is curved at a cylindrical segment about the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body.

As the cylinder axis of a cylindrical segment, each axis is referred to in the sense of the present patent application, which runs parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical segment.

Between the apex region of the reflector and a free edge region of the reflector advantageously a plurality of cylindrical segments are arranged. These can be arranged directly next to each other, and in this way, e.g. staircase-like or in the manner of a sawtooth structure, merge into each other. It is also possible that two cylindrical segments are spaced from each other, wherein between the spaced-apart cylindrical segments, a flat or smooth surface or a segment with a different, non-cylindrical curvature is arranged.

In the luminaire according to the invention, the cylinder axes are advantageously aligned at an acute angle, ie an angle smaller than 90 °, to the longitudinal central axis of the reflector. The cylindrical segments are thus arranged such that their cylinder axis intersects the longitudinal central axis of the reflector at an acute angle. The orientation of the cylinder axes relative to the longitudinal center axes of the reflector advantageously varies at the different segments with a different distance from the apex region of the reflector.

Each cylindrical segment is assigned a connection area. The area of attachment of a segment is that area of the segment with which the segment is connected to the reflector. This can be, for example, the head region of the respective cylindrical segment, that is to say that region of the cylindrical segment which is closest to the vertex region of the reflector, or alternatively a lateral region of the respective cylindrical segment. The connection region of a segment is preferably in each case that region of a segment which is closest to the reflector. In each connection region of a segment to the reflector, a tangent can be applied to the outside of the reflector. The outside of the reflector is the side facing away from the interior of the reflector to understand. It is assumed that the outside of the reflector is not structured and the reflector has only a very small wall thickness. In the case of a structured outside of the reflector, the tangent is thought to a curve, e.g. attached to a parabola, which specifies the basic shape of the reflector.

Between the tangent and the cylinder axis of the associated segment is advantageously a deviation angle. This deviation angle is preferably an acute angle and varies with different distances of the segments to the apex region of the reflector.

In other words, the cylindrical segments are arranged and oriented in such a way that, when a cross section through the reflector is considered, the longitudinal sides, that is to say the lateral surfaces of the cylinder, which contribute to the optical light guidance, are oriented in such a way that they have a polygonal tension deviating from the basic shape of the reflector. Form structure.

In this way, for example, by using a substantially paraboloidal curved reflector and by a corresponding adjustment of the cylindrical facets a reflector elliptical basic shape can be imitated. This allows, for example, a small design of the reflector with respect to an elliptical cross-section shaped reflector and accordingly the construction of a lamp with only a small installation depth.

On the other hand, by employing the cylindrical facets according to the inventive teaching using radial undercuts, an almost arbitrary illuminance distribution can be generated. For example, it can be achieved that an illuminance distribution within a given light field is designed to be completely uniform. Alternatively, in the case of using the luminaire to illuminate floor and sidewall areas, e.g. a building space, be achieved that the side wall is particularly evenly lit. This is achieved by reflecting light components towards an upper sidewall area.

The use of facets with a cylindrical reflecting surface allows for a particularly uniform distribution of illuminance and the generation of "soft light", as beams are expanded by impinging on the cylindrically curved surface. The use of cylindrical segments with different angles of deviation also makes it possible to influence the illumination intensity distribution in the desired manner. The arrangement of undercuts makes it possible in particular to emit light components even in very high spatial areas.

The advantageous arrangement of cylindrical facets such that the deviation angle varies with different distances of the segments to the apex region of the reflector, allows a steering certain light components targeted up or down. The terms "top" and "bottom" refer to a cover-side arrangement of the reflector and are subject to a consideration of the reflector in cross section. Alternatively, light components may be deflected in any manner through different angles of deviation in the segments at any angle with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the reflector. Thus, the illumination intensity distribution can be varied particularly advantageously in the desired manner.

The size of the undercuts, that is, for example, the degree of radial overlap, but also the height of the undercut relative to the longitudinal center axis, may vary. The size of the undercut can thus vary both in the circumferential direction of the reflector and in the direction of the longitudinal central axis, that is, in a direction along the basic shape of the reflector between edge region and vertex region of the reflector, ie along a column of segments. The variation of the undercuts depends on the desired illumination intensity distribution that is to be generated.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the light source is punctiform. This is a light source that is substantially point-shaped, ie emits light only from a very small volume. Advantageously, light sources used are metal halide lamps, eg a HIT-TC-CE lamp, QT lamps as halogen low-voltage incandescent lamps, or at least one LED lamp. Of course, a plurality of bulbs or a group of bulbs in the interior of the reflector, preferably near the focal point of the reflector or in the focal point of the reflector, are arranged. On the one hand, this makes it possible to achieve a particularly well-defined illuminance distribution and, on the other hand, a high luminous flux.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reflector has a substantially parabolic cross-section. The reflector is therefore designed as a parabolic reflector. Advantageously, it is substantially rotationally symmetrical with respect to its basic shape. This means that, without taking into account the optionally asymmetrically arranged segments, the shell shape of the reflector is formed by a body which is substantially rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis of the reflector.

The reflector therefore advantageously has a substantially circular light exit opening. The reflector is fixed to the luminaire, the free edge of the reflector being formed, for example, by a part of the housing of the luminaire or / and a fixing means, e.g. a screw, can be overlapped. The free edge region of the reflector, in the case of a design of the luminaire as a ceiling luminaire or downlight, for example, flush with the ceiling surface.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the radii of curvature of the segments vary along a row. As a series, an annular arrangement of segments around the longitudinal central axis of the reflector is referred to. In the event that the segments are arranged along the entire inner surface of the reflector, the rows, or at least some of the rows, may be closed. In the event that the segments are arranged only along a circumferential angular range of the inner surface of the reflector, the rows may extend only over a circumferential angular range of the inner surface of the reflector.

By varying the radii of curvature of the segments along a row, when using rotationally symmetrical reflectors and substantially punctiform light sources Illuminance distributions are generated, which differ from a rotational symmetry. For example, substantially oval-shaped illuminance distributions can be generated which are particularly suitable, for example, for illuminating parking areas or for use of the luminaire as a sculpture radiator, ie for illuminating sculptures or comparable objects.

Also, the lamp can be arranged directly on a ceiling wall of a building and designed as a downlight. Alternatively, the light can be indirectly attached via a busbar to a ceiling wall of a building space and designed as a spotlight. In the two last-mentioned applications, the light can illuminate the area of a side wall of a building space and at the same time the area of a bottom wall of a room. In the event that only one side wall of a room and a portion of a bottom surface is to be illuminated, the radii of curvature of the segments along a row vary, for example, such that e.g. a quarter-circle segment of the inner surface of the reflector is occupied by cylindrical facets having a first radius and the remaining segments in the remaining three-quarter circle, corresponding to about a 270 ° circumferential region of the reflector, are occupied by segments of other radii of curvature.

By a special adjustment of the cylindrical facets in the aforementioned four-circle circumferential region, the side wall to be illuminated can be illuminated particularly uniformly and also very far upwards. Overall, a non-rotationally symmetrical illumination intensity distribution is generated in such a luminaire.

A comparable luminaire can also be designed to illuminate two opposite side wall regions of a building space, for example an elongated corridor, at the same time areas the bottom wall to be lit up. In such an embodiment, the entire inner surface of the reflector is divided into four segments, so that there is a two-fold symmetry of the reflector, namely a symmetry to two passing through the longitudinal central axis of the reflector planes that are perpendicular to each other and in the longitudinal central axis of the reflector cross.

Advantageously, the lamp is characterized in that the lamp is designed as a pole light, in particular for illuminating parking areas.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the radii of curvature of the segments along a row are constant. With such an embodiment of the invention, in particular particularly uniform illuminance distributions can be generated, in particular substantially rotationally symmetrical illuminance distributions, which have an almost constant illuminance distribution along the illuminated surface.

Advantageously, the luminaire is characterized in that the luminaire has a uniform illumination intensity distribution, in particular within a circular light field (US Pat. Fig. 10 ), generated.

Along a column, the radii of curvature of the segments may vary or remain constant. The column refers to an array of segments arranged along a same circumferential angular range, adjacent between the apex region and the free edge region of the reflector. Whether the radii of curvature of the segments vary along a column or are kept constant depends on which illuminance distribution is desired. For example, by changing the radius of curvature of the segments along a Column, a relatively narrow, ie narrow beam of light or alternatively a greatly expanded beam can be achieved.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the segments, in particular cylindrical segments, extend along a partial region of the inner surface of the reflector or along a plurality of partial regions of the inner surface of the reflector. Thus, for example, only a quarter-circle segment of, for example, about 90 ° of the inner surface of the reflector can be occupied by cylindrical segments, while the remaining three-quarter circle region (270 °) of the reflector is substantially smooth. Thus, for example, with little effort, a reflector can be made whose illuminance distribution differs from that of a facet-free reflector in the desired manner. Alternatively, the inner surface of the reflector may be filled with cylindrical and spherical or aspherical segments in combination. Thus, a first circumferential angular range of the reflector with cylindrical facets and another circumferential angular range of the reflector may be occupied by spherical or aspherical segments.

Finally, the segments, in particular the cylindrical segments, can also extend along the entire inner surface of the reflector.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the deviation angle varies such that cylindrical segments, which are arranged close to the free edge region of the reflector, have larger angles of deviation than segments arranged near the crest. With such an arrangement, a particularly large number of light components can be reflected relatively far outwards, ie, far upwards in the case of an arrangement on the ceiling, so that even upper wall areas of a side wall are illuminated.

Advantageously, the luminaire is characterized in that the segments are arranged along annular, circumferentially extending rows and along radial columns extending from the apex region to the edge region of the reflector.

According to the invention, the segments have at least partially radial undercuts or undercuts. This means that at least two segments arranged along a column, that is to say in the axial direction, are provided such that an overlap results when viewed in the axial direction. This makes possible a particularly advantageous adjustment, in particular of the cylindrical facets, such that some light components emitted by the light source are emitted passing very close to the free edge region of the reflector. For example, in the case of use of the luminaire as a downlight, which is intended to illuminate side wall areas of a room area, very high sidewall areas can also be illuminated.

Particularly advantageously, the reflector with the cylindrical segments is an aluminum reflector, which is produced by a pressing method. By using suitable new tools according to the invention, an undercut arrangement can be achieved for the first time.

The cylindrical segments may be arranged along annular, circumferentially extending rows and along radial columns extending from the apex region to the peripheral region. Segments of each two spaced rows may have a sales angle offset.

The invention further relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 15.

A method for producing a reflector element for a luminaire from a starting material workpiece is known. In particular from the German patent application of the applicant described above, it is known to produce a faceted reflector from an aluminum blank by means of a pressing method. This reflector has a shell shape after the pressing process with numerous faceted segments on its inside.

Starting from the method of the prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a method with which a reflector can be produced, with which an improved variation of the illuminance distribution can be achieved.

1. a) Bereitstellen eines Ausgangsmaterial-Werkstücks, insbesondere einer Aluminium-Ronde,
2. b) Ausüben einer Relativ-Kraft zwischen dem Werkstück und einem Patrizen-Werkzeug, wobei das Patrizen-Werkzeug radiale Vorsprünge zur Erzeugung von Hinterschneidungen zwischen benachbarten Segmenten in dem Werkstück aufweist,
3. c) Durchführen einer Radial-Bewegung von Abschnitten oder Teilen des Patrizen-Werkzeug relativ zu dem aus dem Werkstück geformten Reflektotelement, so dass die Vorsprünge aus den Hinterschneidungen herausbewegt werden,
4. d) Durchführen einer Axial-Bewegung des Patrizen-Werkzeuges relativ zu dem Reflektorelement zur Bewerkstelligung einer Entformung des Patrizen-Werkzeugs aus dem Reflektorelement.

The invention solves this problem with the features of claim 15 and is accordingly characterized in particular by the steps

1. a) providing a starting material workpiece, in particular an aluminum blank,
2. b) applying a relative force between the workpiece and a male tool, the male tool having radial projections for creating undercuts between adjacent segments in the workpiece,
3. c) performing a radial movement of portions or parts of the male tool relative to the reflector element formed from the workpiece, so that the projections are moved out of the undercuts,
4. d) performing an axial movement of the male tool relative to the reflector element for effecting a demolding of the male tool from the reflector element.

The principle of the method according to the invention consists first of all in providing a special tool mold, which can also be labeled as a male tool. The male tool has at least two relatively displaceable parts. While the prior art male tooling was a single solid molded article having on its outside a female structure engraved or imprinted on the inside of the reflector element to create a patrice-like structure, the method of the present invention provides a particular facet structure the inside of the reflector are generated, which has radial undercuts. However, the generation of undercuts in the reflector causes considerable problems during demolding. Due to the overlap of each at least two adjacent segments in the radial direction, there is a prevention of axial movement. This demolding with a method of the prior art is not possible.

By providing a multi-part die tool with the ability to radially displace at least a portion of the die tool relative to another portion of the die tool, the die-side ledges may be moved out of the reflector-side undercuts after the spinning operation has been completed. Subsequently, an axial movement of the die tool is possible with the reflector held. Alternatively, the die tool can be held and the reflector can be displaced relative thereto.

The exertion of a relative force between the workpiece and die tool during the pressing process is carried out by a separate Pressing device. It may, for example, include a pusher head, for example in the form of a scooter, and a plurality of lever arms. Preferably, the relative force during pressing acts essentially in the axial direction, wherein the pressing tool can deflect radially and in this way the entire reflector outer surface moves away. The die tool rotates constantly with the aluminum blank under the spinning tool.

The invention further relates to a tool for producing a substantially cup-shaped arched reflector element according to claim 16.

The object of this invention is to provide a tool with which a reflector can be made that is more variable in terms of its illuminance distribution.

The invention solves this problem with the features of claim 16.

The tool according to the invention comprises a shaping surface, which acts as a male during the forming process and has radial projections. Radial projections serve to achieve undercuts on the reflector. The male tool comprises at least one displaceable part, which is radially displaceable relative to at least one other part. During the forming process, the tool provides a continuous shaping surface which after completion of the reflector substantially corresponds to the entire inner surface or inner surface of the reflector element with a geometrically inverted structure.

After completion of the pressing operation, as a result of a radially inwardly directed displacement movement of the displaceable part of the section can be achieved that the projections move out of the undercuts radially.

Fig. 1

in einer schematischen teilgeschnittenen Ansicht einen Querschnitt durch eine Leuchte des Standes der Technik,

Fig. 1a

in einer Draufsicht etwa entlang Ansichtspfeil la in Fig. 1, den Reflektor der Leuchte des Standes der Technik in Alleindarstellung,

Fig. 2

in einer schematischen Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte,

Fig. 3

in einer vergrößerten schematischen Darstellung einen Querschnittsausschnitt gemäß Ausschnittsteilkreis III in Fig. 2,

Fig. 3a

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reflektorelementes einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 3 in vergrößertem Maßstab, wobei das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3a anstelle der in Fig. 3 ersichtlichen zylindrischen sphärische Segmente aufweist,

Fig. 4

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reflektors einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte gemäß Ansichtspfeil IV in Fig. 2 in einer sehr schematischen Darstellung,

Fig.4a

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reflektors einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 4,

Fig. 4b

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reflektors einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4,

Fig. 5

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reflektors einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 6

in einer sehr schematischen Darstellung analog zu Fig. 1 eine Leuchte mit einem Reflektor der Fig. 5 in einem deckenseitig montierten Zustand,

Fig. 7

in einer Falschfarbendarstellung die Beleuchtungsstärkeverteilung, die die Leuchte der Fig. 6 auf einer durch den Doppelpfeil in Fig. 6 angedeuteten Seitenwand erzeugt,

Fig. 7a

in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 7 eine Beleuchtungsstärkeverteilung, die eine Leuchte des Standes der Technik mit einem rotationssymmetrischen, facettenfreien Reflektor auf der durch den Doppelpfeil in Fig. 6 angedeuteten Wand erzeugen würde,

Fig. 8

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reflektors einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung analog Fig. 5,

Fig. 9

in einer schematischen Ansicht beispielhaft den Verlauf von Lichtstrahlen in einer Darstellung ähnlich der Fig. 6 für eine Leuchte mit einem Reflektor gemäß Fig. 8,

Fig. 10

die Beleuchtungsstärkeverteilung auf einer Bodenfläche, die mit einer Leuchte gemäß Fig. 9 erzielbar ist,

Fig. 11

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Reflektors einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 8,

Fig. 12

die Lichtverteilungskurven für eine Leuchte mit einem Reflektor gemäß Fig. 11 in einer polaren Darstellung entlang zweier, zueinander senkrechter Betrachtungsebenen,

Fig. 13

die Beleuchtungsstärkeverteilung auf einer Bodenfläche für eine Leuchte gemäß der Fig. 12 in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 10,

Fig. 14

in einer vergrößerten, schematischen Darstellung einen Ausschnitt aus einer Facettenreihe gemäß Ausschnittskreis XIV in Fig. 4a,

Fig. 15

eine Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte gemäß Fig. 2 in einer vereinfachten Darstellung,

Fig. 15a

eine erfindungsgemäße Werkzeugform, deren Außenkontur sich infolge eines Drückvorgangs in die Innenseite des Reflektors einprägt,

Fig. 15b

das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 15a mit einem zurückgezogenen mittleren Werkzeugteil,

Fig. 15c

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen fünfteiligen Werkzeugform in einer teilgeschnittenen, schematischen Draufsicht, etwa gemäß Schnittlinie XVc-XVc in Fig. 15a,

Fig. 15d

das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 15c mit zurückgezogenen mittleren Werkzeugteilen,

Fig. 16

in einer schematischen Darstellung vergleichbar zu Fig. 15c ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen dreiteiligen Werkzeugform,

Fig. 17

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugform vergleichbar der Werkzeugform nach Fig. 16, wobei die drei Werkzeugteile voneinander radial beabstandet sind,

Fig. 18

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugform analog zur Fig. 16, bei der eines der drei Werkzeugteile radial nach innen eingefahren ist,

Fig. 19

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugform, bei der zwei Werkzeugteile relativ zueinander um eine untere, in einem Fußbereich der Werkzeugform angeordnete Schwenkachse schwenkbar sind,

Fig. 20

in einer Darstellung analog zu Fig. 19 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugform, bei der die beiden Werkzeugteile um eine Schwenkachse schwenkbar sind, die in einem Bereich des Scheitelpunktes der Form angeordnet ist,

Fig. 21

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugform, bei der wenigstens zwei Werkzeugteile in Radialrichtung relativ zueinander verlagerbar sind, und

Fig. 22

eine Werkzeugform und eine im Bereich des Scheitels angeordnete Aluminiumronde sowie eine Drückvorrichtung.

Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the non-cited subclaims and with reference to the following description of numerous, illustrated in the figures embodiments. Show:

Fig. 1

2 is a schematic partial sectional view of a cross section through a luminaire of the prior art,

Fig. 1a

in a plan view approximately along view arrow la in Fig. 1 , the reflector of the lamp of the prior art in solitary representation,

Fig. 2

similar in a schematic representation Fig. 1 A first embodiment of a lamp according to the invention,

Fig. 3

in an enlarged schematic representation of a cross-sectional detail according to cutting part circle III in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 3a

a further embodiment of a reflector element of a lamp according to the invention in a representation according to Fig. 3 on an enlarged scale, the embodiment of the Fig. 3a instead of in Fig. 3 having apparent cylindrical spherical segments,

Fig. 4

an embodiment of a reflector of a lamp according to the invention according to arrow IV in Fig. 2 in a very schematic representation,

4a

a second embodiment of a reflector of a lamp according to the invention in a representation similar Fig. 4 .

Fig. 4b

a further embodiment of a reflector of a lamp according to the invention in a representation according to Fig. 4 .

Fig. 5

a further embodiment of a reflector of a lamp according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 6

in a very schematic representation analogous to Fig. 1 a lamp with a reflector of Fig. 5 in a condition mounted on the ceiling,

Fig. 7

in a false color representation, the illuminance distribution that the luminaire of the Fig. 6 on a through the double arrow in Fig. 6 indicated sidewall,

Fig. 7a

in a representation according to Fig. 7 an illuminance distribution, which is a luminaire of the prior art with a rotationally symmetric, facet-free reflector on the by the double arrow in Fig. 6 would produce the indicated wall,

Fig. 8

a further embodiment of a reflector of a lamp according to the invention in a representation analog Fig. 5 .

Fig. 9

in a schematic view by way of example the course of light rays in a representation similar to the Fig. 6 for a luminaire with a reflector according to Fig. 8 .

Fig. 10

the distribution of illuminance on a floor surface that corresponds to a luminaire according to Fig. 9 is achievable

Fig. 11

a further embodiment of a reflector of a lamp according to the invention in a representation according to Fig. 8 .

Fig. 12

the light distribution curves for a luminaire with a reflector according to Fig. 11 in a polar representation along two mutually perpendicular viewing planes,

Fig. 13

the illuminance distribution on a floor surface for a luminaire according to the Fig. 12 in a representation according to Fig. 10 .

Fig. 14

in an enlarged, schematic representation of a section of a series of facets according to cut-out XIV in Fig. 4a .

Fig. 15

an illustration of the luminaire according to the invention Fig. 2 in a simplified representation,

Fig. 15a

a tool mold according to the invention whose outer contour is impressed as a result of a pressing operation in the inside of the reflector,

Fig. 15b

the embodiment of Fig. 15a with a retracted middle tool part,

Fig. 15c

a further embodiment of a five-part tool mold according to the invention in a partially sectioned, schematic plan view, approximately along section line XVc-XVc in Fig. 15a .

Fig. 15d

the embodiment of Fig. 15c with retracted middle tool parts,

Fig. 16

in a schematic representation comparable to Fig. 15c a further embodiment of a three-part tool mold according to the invention,

Fig. 17

a further embodiment of a tool according to the invention mold comparable to the mold Fig. 16 wherein the three tool parts are radially spaced from each other,

Fig. 18

a further embodiment of a tool mold according to the invention analogous to Fig. 16 in which one of the three tool parts has retracted radially inwards,

Fig. 19

a further embodiment of a tool mold according to the invention, in which two tool parts are pivotable relative to one another about a lower pivot axis arranged in a foot region of the tool mold,

Fig. 20

in a representation analogous to Fig. 19 a further embodiment of a tool mold according to the invention, in which the two tool parts are pivotable about a pivot axis which is arranged in a region of the vertex of the mold,

Fig. 21

a further embodiment of a tool mold according to the invention, in which at least two tool parts in the radial direction relative to each other are displaceable, and

Fig. 22

a tool mold and arranged in the region of the apex Aluminiumronde and a pressing device.

The luminaire according to the invention designated in its entirety in the figures will be explained below. First It should be noted that similar parts or elements have been designated for clarity with the same reference numerals, partially with the addition of small letters and / or numbers as indices. This also applies to the description of the lamp of the prior art.

First, based on the FIGS. 1 and 1a a luminaire of the prior art of the applicant will be explained.

evidenced Fig. 1 is a luminaire 10a of the prior art for installation in the ceiling D of a building room provided. The luminaire comprises an unillustrated luminous means, which is arranged in the focal point F or near the focal point of a reflector 21. For this purpose, the reflector 21 is in particular in its apex region S with an in Fig. 1 not shown, in Fig. 1a on the other hand provided clear opening 11 through which the bulb can be inserted through. Also, the lamp 10 of the prior art, a housing, not shown, and not shown base or brackets for the light source, electrical leads and all other necessary parts and elements, such as control gear on.

The lamp 10a of the prior art is used to illuminate a floor surface B of the building space, such as in the area between the left boundary LB and the right boundary RB, as well as the illumination of a side wall SE, namely between a lower boundary UB and an upper Limitation OB. The luminaire 10a of the prior art has a reflector 21 which is substantially parabolic in cross section and essentially rotationally symmetrical about its longitudinal central axis M. The inside of the reflector is essentially smooth, ie no segments or elevations are arranged on the inside.

How to look best Fig. 1a results, a range of the circumferential angle β is provided with a Randausklinkung 12. The edge notching 12 serves to throw the light emitted by the light source arranged in the focal point F onto a separate reflector blade 13. The reflector blade 13 is therefore arranged outside the envelope of the reflector 21. The area of the reflector 21 which is in Fig. 1 between the upper edge OA and the lower edge UA, so what is in Fig. 1 does not become clear in Fig. 1a but clearly shown, cut out. The light can, starting from the light source, get directly to the reflector blade 13, without it being prevented by the reflector 21 therefrom. In the Fig. 1 dashed dargstellte line L indicates the course of the free edge R of the reflector 21 in the notch 12 before the notching was made.

The reflector blade 13 serves to illuminate the side wall SE as far as possible, ie as far as possible close to the ceiling wall D. In particular, a uniform illumination of the side wall SE is desired.

While that respect Fig. 1 in the left half of the reflector 21, on the left of the central longitudinal axis M of the reflector illustrated beam is reflected from the light source on the left half of the reflector and falls substantially parallel down to the bottom surface B, within the circumferential angle β on the blade 13 striking light illuminate the side wall SE. Overall, this results in an asymmetrical light distribution.

The production of such a reflector according to the Fig. 1 and 1a is very expensive, since initially made a substantially rotationally symmetrical reflector, this then punched out or cut and finally with a separate reflector blade 13 must be fitted. Also, the separate Reflector blade 13 are made separately and are positioned very accurately relative to the reflector 21 during assembly.

The manufacture of a luminaire according to the invention to be described below, on the other hand, is considerably simplified and offers numerous advantages in terms of lighting technology in particular. A luminaire 10 according to the invention is initially based on the Fig. 2 be explained:

Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a lamp 10 according to the invention in a representation according to Fig. 1 ,

Looking at the Fig. 1 It is first clear that the light fixture 10 according to the invention is suitable for attachment to the ceiling wall D and for illuminating a building side wall SE and a bottom surface B. For the sake of clarity, the bottom surface B and the lower part of the side wall SE are the Fig. 1 in Fig. 2 been omitted.

A comparison of Fig. 1 and 2 further shows that the two reflectors have a substantially same basic shape. Both reflectors 21 are substantially cup-shaped and have a parabolic cross-section. It is apparent that on the inner side 30 of the reflector 21 of the luminaire 10 according to the invention, a step-like or sawtooth-like structure is arranged. This sawtooth-like structure is in the embodiment of Fig. 2 provided by cylindrical segments and will be described below first on the basis of Fig. 2, 3rd . 4 . 4a . 14 and 15 be explained in detail.

Fig. 4 shows in a very schematic plan view an interior view of the reflector 21 of the luminaire according to the invention Fig. 2 , Here it is clear that along a circumferential angle β a plurality of indicated, cylindrical, facet-like segments 14n, 14m, 141, 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ , 14n ₃ is disposed on the inner surface 30 of the reflector 21. The rest of the area designated by γ of the reflector is shown in the embodiment of the Fig. 4 facet-free, ie substantially smooth. This facet-free region is designated TE and represents a partial region of, for example, approximately 250 °, whereas the circumferential angle region β is approximately 110 °. Of course, the size of the angular ranges β and γ vary depending on the desired application. Also, the number of differently shaped areas is arbitrary depending on the application. Fig. 4a shows one opposite Fig. 4 modified embodiment of a reflector 21 according to the invention, in which the inner surface 30 of the reflector is continuously occupied by cylindrical segments. Fig. 4b shows one opposite Fig. 4a modified embodiment of a reflector 21 according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows that starting from an apex region S of the reflector 21 towards a free edge region R of the reflector, numerous cylindrical facets 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n are arranged are. Fig. 3a shows in an enlarged partial sectional view corresponding to the circle III in Fig. 2 the facets 14k, 141, 14m, 14n. These are cylindrical facets of a column which are arranged adjacent to one another, between the vertex and the edge R of the reflector 21.

Fig. 4a shows that in the circumferential direction U many facets are arranged immediately adjacent to each other. So shows Fig. 4a in the outermost row, for example, three segments 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ and 14n _{3 are} labeled. In the sixth outermost row shows Fig. 4a For example, labeled segments 14i ₁ , 14i ₂ , 14i ₃ and 14i ₄ . These four segments are schematic in Fig. 14 shown in an enlarged view.

Fig. 14 shows only schematically a light source 18, from which a parallel light beam emanates and meets by way of example to the surface OF of the cylindrical segment 14i ₁ . Shown is a light beam with four parallel light beams.

As can be seen by way of example with reference to this cylindrical segment 14i ₁ , the surface OF of each cylindrical segment 14i _1, 14i _2, 14i _3, 14i ₄ curved towards the interior 19 of the reflector 21 is formed by a cylindrical base body which is based on its radius r and its length I and its cylinder center axis m is defined. Dashed is in Fig. 14 to the segment 14i _4, the radius r and the cylinder center axis m drawn. Of importance is that each of the cylindrical segments 14i ₁ , 14i ₂ , 14i ₃ , 14i _{4 can be defined} by its radius r, its cylinder center axis m and its cylinder length I.

The parameters m, r and I can vary for the individual segments. In particular, the orientation of the cylinder center axis m varies as a function of the distance of the individual segment from the apex region S of the reflector 21 to the orientation of the tangent that can be applied to the reflector in the connection point or connection region 15 of the segment. This will be explained later.

Due to the curvature of the surface OF with the radius of curvature r, the parallel light beam which strikes the segment 14i ₁ is widened. The four light beams exemplified have, with respect to the parallel incident light beams, different reflection angles δ ₁ , δ ₂ , δ ₃ , δ ₄ .

Of course, a comparable radiation behavior also shows all other cylindrical segments 14i ₂ , 14i ₃ , 14i ₄ .

The number of segments along a column and the number of segments along a row are arbitrary. Also, the number of columns and the number of rows is arbitrary.

While the curvature of the cylindrical reflective surface OF can provide for a substantial homogenization and homogenization of the light intensity distribution, the achievement of a desired illumination intensity distribution will be achieved only on account of a special orientation of the cylindrical segments to be explained below under the provision of undercuts HI, HM, HN possible. For this purpose, first on the Fig. 2 and 15 directed.

Fig. 15 shows in an enlarged, schematic representation of the reflector 21 of the lamp 10 according to the invention Fig. 2 , Here, the cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n arranged along a column are all shown. The reflector 21 has a vertex region S and a peripheral region R, wherein the cross-sectional shape can be constructed using a parabola with the focal point F. The reflector 21 is rotationally symmetrical with respect to its basic shape about the central longitudinal axis M. Evidently the Fig. 4 and particularly Fig. 4b However, the cylindrical segments must not be distributed rotationally symmetric.

The cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n are connected to the reflector 21 in each case via a connection region 15. The connection region 15 is that region of a cylindrical segment with which the respective segment abuts the basic shape of the reflector. For example, the segment 14n has a connection region 15n, which is located approximately in the vicinity of an intersection point P _{n of} the indicated cylinder axis m ₄ with the parabolic basic shape of the reflector 21.

In the region of this point of intersection P _n , a tangent T ₄ can be applied to the outside 38 of the reflector 21. The tangent T ₄ is independent of any structure of the outer surface 38 of the reflector 21 in terms of their orientation, and corresponds to a tangent in the mathematical sense, which is applied to the mathematical curve that generates the basic shape of the cup-shaped curved reflector 21.

In a very thin-walled reflector 21, the outer contour 38 of the reflector 21 corresponds to almost the mathematically ideal parabolic curve that generates the basic shape of the reflector, or at least comes very close. The angle between the cylinder axis m ₄ and the associated tangent T ₄ is in Fig. 15 denoted by α ₄ . α ₄ denotes the so-called deviation means.

The segment 14 _i closer to the segment 14 _n is likewise fixed to the reflector 21 in its connection region 15 _i . The associated cylinder axis m ₃ intersects the associated tangent T ₃ at a deviation angle α ₃ . The same applies to all other illustrated cylindrical facets, for reasons of clarity, only the segments 14 _b and 14 _f in Fig. 15 with their cylinder axes m ₁ , m ₂ , and deviation angles α1, α2 are labeled accordingly.

The deviation angles α ₁ , α ₂ , α ₃ , α ₄ vary. The mirror surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 16l, 16m, 16n, ie the reflecting surfaces OF, of the individual segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f , 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 141, 14m, 14n are differently inclined with respect to the longitudinal center axis M of the reflector 21. The inclination of the mirror surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 16l, 16m, 16n can be chosen completely independently of the basic shape of the reflector 21.

In particular, an illumination of sidewall regions SE of a building space close to the ceiling D can be achieved by means of a corresponding steepness, preferably of the edges R of the reflector 21 near segments.

The adjustment or steepness of the cylindrical facets 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n is effected such that the cylinder axes m, m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ , m ₄ different deviation angles α1, α2, α3, α4 to the associated tangents T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ occupy. The variation of the deviation angles does not necessarily have to follow predetermined laws, such as a law according to which the angle of deviation of the segments from the vertex S to the edge region R of the reflector increases. The deviation angle, however, can be varied as desired. In particular, a determination of the variation of the deviation angles by optimizations in a simulation method is carried out until a desired illumination intensity distribution is achieved.

The teaching according to the invention also comprises luminaires 10 in which the segments near the vertex of the reflector 21 have larger angles of deviation than the segments near the edge R. Also, individual facets may have larger and different, possibly also adjacent segments, smaller deviation angles.

The representation of the tangents T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ according to Fig. 15 takes place only schematically. The representation according to Fig. 15 does not take into account the actual wall thickness of the reflector. When determining the orientation of the tangents, a mathematical curve is best suited to match the arched basic shape of the reflector. In the embodiment of Fig. 15 and the Fig. 2 this curve is a parabola with focus F.

By the in Fig. 15 Particularly clearly recognizable employment of the cylindrical facets can additionally or alternatively to one, in the embodiment of the Fig. 2 desired generation of a high illuminance in an upper side wall region, if desired, also an improved homogenization, ie homogenization, the illuminance distribution on a floor surface or other surface to be illuminated can be achieved. The cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 141, 14m, 14n can with their mirror surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 161, 16m, 16n namely be made completely arbitrary, with the help of simulation programs, in particular using so-called ray-tracing methods, individually the employment of the facets - depending on the desired application - can be optimized.

The use of facets, in particular of cylindrical facets with undercuts HL, HM, HN, has proven to be particularly advantageous in the course of optimizing the illumination intensity distribution. In addition to the use of cylindrical segments is a setting of the cylindrical facets, such that the interior of the reflector 21 facing mirror surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 161, 16m, 16n The facets are oriented in their orientation completely free and regardless of the basic shape of the reflector, advantageous.

The teaching according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously if, with a reflector that is parabolic in cross section, an elliptical reflector with an elliptical cross-section is to be reproduced with regard to its light distribution. This embodiment shows Fig. 2 , The light rays emitted from the light source at the focal point F to the right all meet at a second focal point F2 outside the reflector. Thus, the cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 141, 14m, 14n located on the inner side 30 of the substantially arranged parabolic reflector 21, mimic or emit the radiation behavior of a substantially elliptical reflector, wherein the parabolic reflector in cross-section 21 allows a much smaller installation depth or installation width, as they would require an elliptical reflector.

As a cylindrical segments in the sense of the present patent application are primarily understood segments based on a circular cylindrical body. In certain applications, however, it is also possible to choose as a cylindrical base body for the cylindrical facets such bodies that reject a circular cylindrical basic shape and, for example, have an elliptical cylinder cross-section.

Fig. 3a shows in a representation analogous to Fig. 3 a partial cross section through the reflector element 21, wherein the cylindrical segments 141, 14m, 14n of Fig. 3 are replaced by spherically curved segments 14k, 141, 14m, 14n. The reflective surface OF of each individual segment is thus in the embodiment of Fig. 3a not formed by a body of cylindrical basic shape, but by a substantially spherical body. Alternatively, in the embodiment of the Fig. 3a the segments 14k, 141, 14m, 14n also each be formed by a cylindrical body, the cylinder axis of which advances substantially in the circumferential direction of the reflector 21, so that the cylinder axis, based on the Fig. 3a , that extends perpendicular to the plane of the paper. In this case, the cylinder axis is the axis of curvature of each segment 14k, 141, 14m, 14n.

Fig. 3a clarifies in particular that also in the embodiment of the Fig. 3a Undercuts HK, HL, HM, HN are provided. The dashed lines E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ , E ₄ represent analogous to the embodiment of Fig. 3 Straight lines which are parallel to the insertion direction or axial direction or Entformungsrichtung E run. The insertion direction E is in turn aligned parallel to the longitudinal center axis M of the reflector.

Radial undercuts or radial undercuts in the sense of the invention are therefore the dead spaces designated by HK, HL, HM and HN, which are located radially outside the dashed line E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ , E ₄ , respectively. These are shadow spaces or dead spaces which the observer does not see in the vertical viewing direction along the longitudinal central axis M in the interior space 19 of the reflector 21. Each two adjacent segments overlap each other in the radial direction. For example, the segment 14k overlaps the Fig. 3a in the overlap area Ü with the adjacent segment 141. The undercut HL produced in this way is located radially outside the associated insertion direction designated by E ₂ . The dashed line E ₂ thus denotes a radially innermost tangent which can be applied to the near-edge segment 141 parallel to the longitudinal central axis M of the reflector 21.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a reflector 21, in which only a along the circumferential angle β extending portion of the inner surface 30 of the reflector with cylindrical segments 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ , 14n ₃ , 14l, 14m, 14n is occupied, whereas a partial area TE of the inner surface 30th of the reflector, approximately along the circumferential angle γ segment-free and thus formed substantially smooth. The embodiment of Fig. 4 is intended to illustrate that depending on the application differently sized and different numbers of subregions of the inner surface 30 of the reflector 21 with segments, in particular with cylindrical segments, may be occupied. It should also be noted at this point that one subregion of the reflector 21 with segments of the first type, for example with cylindrical segments, and another subregion with segments of the second type, for example with spherical segments or aspherically curved segments or alternatively may be occupied by segments having a flat surface.

In contrast, the show Fig. 4a and 4b two embodiments of a reflector 21 of a lamp according to the invention, the inner surface 30 are completely occupied with cylindrical segments. With regard to the following description of the figures, it should be assumed that the embodiments of the Fig. 4a and 4b . 5 . 8th and 11 all represent reflectors having at least some radial undercuts in the context of the invention.

Fig. 4a shows an embodiment of a reflector 21, in which the segments are arranged along annular rows. For example, the segments 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ and 14n _{3 are arranged} along an outermost row of segments and the segments 14i ₁ , 14i2 and 14i _{3 are arranged} along another, sixth outer row of segments. The segments 14n, 14m 14l, 14k are arranged along a column of segments.

In the embodiment of the Fig. 4a The radii of curvature of the individual segments vary along a row. However, the radii of curvature in an alternative embodiment along a row may also be constant. In this alternative embodiment, only the orientation of the cylinder axes changes.

Fig. 4b shows one opposite Fig. 4a modified embodiment of a reflector 21, in which along a circumferential angular range γ ₁ adjacent rows are circumferentially offset arranged. The remaining area of the reflector 21 of the Fig. 4b does not show this circumferential offset.

Particularly clear is the circumferential offset of adjacent along an angular range γ ₂ in the reflector of Fig. 5 , There, the circumferential angular range designated by γ ₂ is occupied by rows of cylindrical segments, with two adjacent rows, for example the rows 17a and 17b or the rows 17b and 17c, each being arranged offset in circumference by half the segment width. The embodiments of the Fig. 8 and 11 however, do not show this circumferential offset.

Fig. 5 Furthermore, it can also be seen that the rows 17a and 17c or the rows 17b and 17d do not show each other this circumferential offset. Each second row is thus formed circumferentially offset.

In synopsis of Fig. 3 . 4a and 5 It is clear that of the cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n, only the cylindrically curved surface OF contributes to the light reflection. The related to Fig. 3 to the light exit opening of the reflector 21 toward and designated there UF surfaces have no lighting function. The surfaces labeled UF are in the Fig. 4a and 5 whereas the cylindrical reflective surfaces OF are shown in FIG Fig. 4a and 5 are shown dark.

The embodiments of the Fig. 4a and 4b further make it clear that the size of the surfaces UF can be chosen completely differently from row to row and also along a row. This is clear from the differently sized, brightly displayed areas in the Fig. 4a and 4b ,

Fig. 5 indicates that all cylinder axes m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ , m _{4 of} the respective segments 14 b, 14 f, 14 i, 14 n are arranged at an acute angle to the longitudinal center axis M of the reflector 21. Fig. 15 also shows that the close to Vertex area S of the reflector arranged segments, eg the segments 14 _b and 14 _{f have} a fairly small angle of 21 ° and 5 ° to the longitudinal central axis M, whereas the angle of the cylinder axis m _{3 of} the segment 14i is almost zero. In contrast, the cylinder axis m ₄ has a larger acute angle with respect to the longitudinal center axis M.

The variation of the deviation angle can be determined Fig. 15 clearly recognize. Thus, the deviation angle α _{4 is} about 43 °, whereas the deviation angle α _{2 is} about 34 °. Such angular deviations on the order of 5 ° of the cylinder axes to the associated tangents may be sufficient to produce significant changes in illuminance distribution.

It should also be noted at this point that the mirror surfaces 16 of the individual segments 14 each extend parallel to the cylinder axes m. That's how it is Fig. 15 for example, clear mirror surface 16 of the segment 14 _{n n} parallel aligned with the associated cylinder axis m. ₄

Finally, it should be noted at this point that advantageously the entire inner surface 30 of the reflector 21 is occupied by cylindrical segments.

With the embodiment of a reflector 21 according to the invention Fig. 5 can, in particular when using the reflector 21 in a lamp 10 according to the invention in an arrangement according to Fig. 6 be illuminated at a ceiling-side installation, a bottom surface B and a wall surface SE. Fig. 6 shows the course of numerous, exemplary light beams on the assumption that along the double arrow SE no building side wall is arranged, but only one floor surface is to illuminate. In fact, the light is used according to Fig. 6 to illuminate one too Side wall surface SE, which extends along the double arrow SE over, for example, a ceiling height of 3m.

Fig. 7 shows the illumination intensity distribution, which results on the side wall SE, approximately between the lower boundary UB and the upper limit OB. On the x-axis is the width of the wall in millimeters, on the y-axis the height of the wall is called. The respective 0-point represents the center of the wall, wherein at x = 0 and y = 1500 mm, the longitudinal center axis of the reflector 21 of the lamp 10 according to the invention Fig. 6 is arranged. One recognizes in Fig. 7 clearly a broad, evenly trained illuminance distribution. The presentation of the Fig. 7 shows the illuminance distribution in a false color representation, wherein the illuminance decreases from the inside to the outside. The difference with the state of the art results particularly clearly from a comparison of Fig. 7 and the Fig. 7a. Fig. 7a shows an illuminance distribution of a lamp of the prior art, namely a conventional rotationally symmetrical flood reflector. Such a flood reflector of the prior art has a rotational symmetry about the longitudinal central axis and a parabolic cross-section. The inner surface is substantially smooth, ie formed facet-free or segment-free. A similar illumination intensity distribution can also result if spherically curved facets are arranged on the inside of a flood reflector

Fig. 7a shows an illuminance distribution on the same scale as Fig. 7 Assuming that such a luminaire of the prior art in a mounting situation in accordance with Fig. 7 is installed on the ceiling side. It is clear that with the lamp according to the invention using a reflector according to Fig. 5 , as out Fig. 7 results, a much more uniform, further upward and broader illuminance distribution results.

An illuminance distribution according to Fig. 7 can not be achieved with exclusively spherical or aspherical or otherwise oriented cylindrical facets. To achieve a luminous intensity distribution according to Fig. 7 it requires cylindrical facets.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a lamp 10 according to the invention, which can be used for example as a downlight or as a spotlight. In both applications, the lamp 10 is used to illuminate a bottom surface B and a side wall SE.

Fig. 8 shows in a representation according to Fig. 5 a further embodiment of a reflector 21 of a lamp according to the invention. The reflector is essentially rotationally symmetrical with respect to its basic shape about its central longitudinal axis M. Here, the radii of curvature of the cylindrical segments do not vary along a facet row. Alone by employment of the segments, ie by the previously with reference to the embodiment of Fig. 15 described alignment of the cylinder axes m relative to the tangents T with different angles of deviation α, an illuminance distribution according to Fig. 10 achieved, which is characterized by high uniformity.

Fig. 9 schematically illustrates the beam path based on some exemplary light rays, the lamp 10 is mounted on the ceiling D and a floor surface B is to illuminate. Fig. 9 shows the arrangement in an arrangement shown rotated by 180 °. Fig. 10 shows accordingly the illumination intensity distribution of the lamp 10 according to Fig. 9 on the bottom surface B. It can be seen that a substantially rotationally symmetrical illuminance distribution is achieved, which is almost constant along a large area, circular area.

Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of a reflector design according to the invention for a luminaire according to the invention, in which the radii of curvature of the cylindrical facets vary along a row of facets. Similarly, the cylindrical segments are employed according to the teaching of the invention, so that the cylinder axes have different angles of deviation to the associated tangents. With a lamp according to the invention using a reflector according to Fig. 11 can a substantially oval trained illuminance distribution according to Fig. 13 be achieved. With such a lamp, for example, a sculpture can be illuminated, so that an insert of the reflector 21 according to Fig. 11 as a sculpture radiator is made possible. With a reflector 21 according to Fig. 11 can be dispensed with the use of separate sculpture lenses. The polar light distribution curve according to Fig. 12 shows along the axes X = 0 and Y = 0 the illuminance distribution of Fig. 13 in a polar, ie angle-dependent representation.

Below is now based on the Fig. 15a - 22nd the manufacturing method according to the invention of a reflector 21 according to the invention for a luminaire 10 according to the invention will be explained.

The reflector according to the invention is preferably made of an aluminum blank, ie a substantially circular disc of aluminum, by pressing. Fig. 22 shows in a very schematic representation of the aluminum blank 23, which rests on a vertex area SW of a tool mold 22. The tool mold 22, the so-called male tool, and the aluminum blank 23 rotate together about the longitudinal center axis M. The required drive is not shown.

A pusher tool comprises a pusher head or pusher 24, for example a rotatable wheel, and two lever arms 25 and 26 pivotable about pivot axes 39 and 40, respectively, at a fixed position Attachment 41 are attached. The pusher head 24 moves outwardly from the center ZE of the aluminum ridge 23 in the radial direction of the arrow 28, and constantly rests on the upper surface OS of the aluminum ridge 23 and applies thereto a large pressing force in the direction of the arrow 27, ie in the axial direction. The manner in which the pressing force is exerted by the pusher 24 on the upper side OS of the aluminum ridge 23 is arbitrary and not shown.

The pusher head 24 constantly presses the respective edge of the aluminum ridge 23 against the outside 29 of the tool mold 22 during the pressing process. It can follow the contour of the outer surface 29 both in the axial direction of the arrow 27 and in the radial direction of the arrow 28. This is possible by means of the pivotable lever arms 25 and 26. It should be noted that the spinning tool with the pressing head 24 and lever arms 25, 26 may also have a completely different basic shape, which only has to be ensured that the pusher head 24 can exert 27 pressing forces in the axial direction and can dodge in the radial direction 28.

Based on a situation according to Fig. 22 presses the pusher head 24 with rotating tool mold 22 and together with the mold 22 rotating aluminum blank 23, the blank along the outer edges of the mold 22, so that the cup-shaped curved basic shape of the reflector 21, for example according to Fig. 15 results. It should be noted that the previously described cylindrical or spherical segments on reflector 21 are incorporated as a geometrically inverted structure IF in the outer contour 29 of, for example, a hard steel forming tool 22, for example, incorporated by laser engraving. The outer contour 29 has in cross section, for example, a sawtooth-like structure. As can be seen for example Fig. 15b results, the structure on the outside 29 of the mold 22 has impressed after completion of the pressing operation in the inside 30 of the reflector 21.

While the production of an aluminum reflector for luminaires with curved segments already from the cited German patent application DE 10 2004 042 915 A1 As is known to the applicant, the production of an undercut faceted aluminum reflector in a pressing operation causes problems.

According to the invention, a tool mold 22 is proposed which consists of several parts that can be displaced relative to one another. In the embodiment of the Figs. 15a and 15b the tool mold consists of a middle part 31, a left edge part 32 and a right edge part 33. The middle part 39 is tapered upwardly and displaceable in the axial direction of the arrow 27 and in the opposite direction. It can be moved in this way wedge-shaped between the two edge portions 32 and 33 and moved out of these. The two edge portions 32 and 33 are at least along a small displacement path radially in the direction of arrows 28a and 28b displaced as soon as the Mitteilteil 31 a corresponding movement space for the edge portions 32 and 33 releases.

In retracted state according to Fig. 15a the edge portions 32 and 33 form with the central part 31 a continuous outer contour 29 which is intended to press on the inner surface 30 of the reflector 21. In the retracted state according to Fig. 15b is the central part 31 relative to the outer parts 32 and 33 with respect to Fig. 15b has been shifted down. Due to the conical shape of the middle part 31, the wall parts 32 and 33 can be displaced radially inward, which is indicated by the radial arrows 28a and 28b. The edge portions 32 and 33 are biased radially inwardly, for example by spring elements, not shown.

As a result of a radial movement of the edge portions 28a and 28b arranged on the edge parts, sawtooth-like structures with their projections VO from the impressed into the reflector 21st Undercuts HL, HN, HM (see also Fig. 3 and Fig. 3a ) between the cylindrical facets 141, 14n, 14m, so that a movement gap 36 for the edge parts 32, 33 results. This movement gap 36 allows after completed radial displacement of the edge portions 32 and 33 that they can be moved out of the interior of the reflector 21 in the axial direction of the arrow 27 and the reflector 21 release. This removability of the tool mold 22 from the reflector 21 out despite the radial undercuts HL, HM, HN on the reflector inner side 30 given.

The Figs. 15c and 15d show a further embodiment of a tool 22 according to the invention, as in a representation along the section line XVc-XVc in Fig. 15a , It is clear that this tool mold 22 consists of five parts, wherein in addition to the above-described edge portions 32 and 33 and the middle portion 31 now further edge portions 34 and 35 are arranged. In this embodiment of a tool mold 22 moves after completion of pressing first, the middle part 31 transversely to the paper plane of the viewer, starting from a position according to Fig. 15c away from the observer, so that subsequently the edge portions 34 and 35 can perform a radial inward movement along the arrows 28c and 28d. Subsequently, the previously described edge portions 32 and 33 can perform a radial displacement inwardly along the arrows 28a and 28b. The resulting movement space 36 then allows an axial movement of the entire tool mold 22 with the edge portions 32, 33, 34 and 35 and the central portion 31 along the longitudinal center axis M, so that the tool mold 22 is completely detachable from the interior of the reflector 21 out.

The embodiment of Fig. 16 shows a further tool mold according to the invention 22 with three tool parts x, y and z, each having a 120 ° circumferential region. Here is one too Representation taken in plan view, similar to the representation of the Fig. 15c , wherein the reflector 21 in Fig. 16 not shown. Fig. 16 shows that only a circumferential angular range z of the shape is occupied by concave-cylindrical or concave-spherical or generally inverted facets IF for producing cylindrical or spherical or aspherical, undercut facets on the corresponding inner side 30 of the reflector 21. The remaining tool mold parts x and y are formed substantially smooth continuous, ie free of elevations or depressions.

To by means of the tool part z undercut facets 14 on the. To produce inside 30 of the reflector 21, a radial movement of the moldings must be allowed. This can be done by comparing the FIGS. 16 and 18 For example, take place in that the tool part z performs a radial movement relative to the fixed tool parts x and y along the radial arrow 28e. While Fig. 16 For example, shows the state of the tool mold 22, which takes the tool shape during the pressing process shows Fig. 18 the radially retracted state of the tool part z after performing a pressing operation for the purpose of demolding the mold from the finished shaped reflector 21st

In an alternative embodiment according to Fig. 17 Extend the three tool parts x, y and z radially outward, so that there is a, indicated by the double arrows spacing. During the pressing process, the tool parts x, y and z of the mold 22 are after Fig. 17 in the extended state, wherein the clarified by the double arrows column are closed by an unillustrated closure member or a plurality of closure members, so that these columns do not press on the inside 30 of the reflector 21. These closure parts may for example be axially displaceable, and similar, as in the embodiment of Figs. 15a and 15b is provided, be equipped with tapered outer surfaces. For the purpose of demolding can starting from a state according to Fig. 17 After an axial movement of the closure parts has taken place, a radial retraction movement of the three parts x, y and z are accomplished, so that a state according to Fig. 16 is reached, in which the tool mold 22 can be removed from the reflector 21 out.

In a further embodiment of a mold 22 of the Fig. 19 It is indicated that the displaceable parts 32, 33 of the tool mold 22 can also perform a pivotal movement about a pivot axis 37 located in the region of the foot of the tool mold 22. In an alternative embodiment of the mold 22 according to Fig. 20 is the pivot axis 37 in the head region of the two edge portions 32 and 33. The embodiments of the FIGS. 19 and 20 show that a radial movement of parts 32, 33, 34 and 35 of a tool mold 22 can also be provided by a pivoting movement. Again, however, not shown closure members or spacers must be provided to ensure during the pressing process for preventing radial movement.

The FIGS. 19 and 20 indicate that a corresponding outer contour 29 of the mold 22 for achieving undercut facets 14 on the inner side 30 of the reflector 21 can also be provided only along a partial area of the outer contour 29 of the tool mold 22, only those parts or segments of the multipart mold 22 of a radial displacement require, which are provided for generating undercut facets 14.

On the other hand, the embodiments of the show 15a to 15d in that projections VO or inverted facets IF can also be arranged along the entire outer surface 29 of the tool mold 22, which can produce undercut facets on the inner side 30 of the reflector 21.

The embodiment of Fig. 15a to 22nd shows all tool molds 22 that can be used in pressing a reflector to achieve undercut segments. Depending on which shape the undercut segments or the undercuts have, according to the outer contour 29 of the mold 22 must be designed patrizenartige with a geometrically inverted shape.

With the exception of the embodiment of Fig. 3a In the above description of the figures, exemplary embodiments of luminaires, reflectors and tool molds according to the invention have been described, which relate to segments having a cylindrical basic shape. However, the teaching according to the invention comprises the arrangement of undercuts between or adjacent arbitrarily shaped segments. Thus, for example, along a column or along the circumferential direction of the reflector, the basic shapes of the segments change, so that, for example, in the direction along a column alternately cylindrical and spherical segments are arranged, or, for example, in the circumferential direction alternately cylindrical or spherical segments are arranged. Also according to the invention can be undercuts or dead spaces between adjacent segments, wherein one of the segments has an inwardly curved reflective surface and the adjacently disposed, spaced by the undercut segment has a flat surface.

Finally, the radial depth of the undercuts, that is to say the size of the overlap Ü, can vary along a gap and / or along the circumferential direction of the reflector.

Furthermore, the geometric shape of the undercuts may also vary along a column and / or along a row of the segments.

Finally, the height of the undercuts, ie the axial extent of the respective undercut along the longitudinal center axis M of the undercuts along a column and / or along a row of facets, can also vary.

Claims (16)

Luminaire (10) for illuminating building or Gebäudeteil- or outer surfaces (SE, B), comprising a substantially cup-shaped arched reflector (21) having a longitudinal central axis (M), in whose interior space (19) a light source (18) can be arranged is disposed, and on the inside (30) thereof a plurality of facet-like segments (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n), each one for Interior curved surface (OF), characterized in that at least some of the segments with respect to the longitudinal center axis radial undercuts (HL, HM, HN) are assigned. Luminaire according to claim 1, characterized in that the segments have a reflective surface (OF) cylindrical or spherical or aspherical basic shape. Luminaire according to claim 1, characterized in that the segments are cylindrical, wherein each cylindrical segment a cylinder axis can be assigned, wherein the cylinder axes (m, m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ , m ₄ ) at an acute angle to the longitudinal center axis (M ) of the reflector (21) are aligned, and wherein the orientation of the cylinder axes varies with different distance of the segment of the apex region. Luminaire according to claim 3, characterized in that in each case in a connection region (15b, 15f, 15i, 15n) of a cylindrical segment (14b, 14f, 14i, 14n) to the reflector (21) a tangent (T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ ) to the outside (38) of the reflector (21) can be applied, wherein between the tangent and the cylinder axis of the associated segment, a deviation angle (α ₁ , α ₂ , α ₃ , α ₄ ) is located. Luminaire according to claim 4, characterized in that the deviation angle varies with different distance of the segment (14b, 14f, 14i, 14n) from the apex region (S). Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the segments extend only along one or more subregions (β) of the inner surface (30) of the reflector (21). Luminaire according to claim 6, characterized in that the portion is a peripheral portion (β) (Fig. 4). Luminaire according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the remaining regions (γ in Fig. 4) of the inner surface (30) of the reflector (21) are formed substantially smooth. Luminaire according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the remaining areas of the inner surface of the reflector are occupied by segments whose surface is curved toward the interior towards spherical or aspherical, or are occupied by segments with a flat surface. Luminaire according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the segments extend along the entire inner surface (30) of the reflector (21) (Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b). Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two spaced rows (17a, 17b) of segments have a circumferential angular offset (Fig. 5). Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between each two adjacent in the direction of the longitudinal central axis arranged segments (14m, 14n) an undercut (HN) is arranged. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflector element (21) consists of aluminum. Luminaire according to claim 13, characterized in that the reflector element consists of pressed aluminum. Method for producing a reflector element (21) from a starting material workpiece (23), in particular made of aluminum, with a multiplicity of segments (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l , 14m, 14n) on the inside (30), characterized by the steps: e) providing a starting material workpiece (23), in particular an aluminum blank, f) applying a relative force between the workpiece (23) and a male tool (22), the male tool radial projections (10) for generating undercuts (HL, HM, HN) between adjacent segments (14a, 14b , 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 141, 14m, 14n) in the workpiece, g) performing a radial movement of portions or parts (32, 33, 34, 35) of the male tool (22) relative to the reflector element formed from the workpiece such that the projections (VO) are made the undercuts (HL, HM, HN) are moved out, h) performing an axial movement of the male tool (22) relative to the reflector element (23) for effecting a demolding of the male tool from the reflector element. Tool (22) for producing a substantially cup-shaped and on its inside (30) with undercut segments (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 141, 14m, 14n) occupied reflector element (21) by a metal-forming process comprising a during the forming process acting as a male and with radial projections (VO) to achieve undercuts (HL, HM, HN) on the reflector (21) equipped shaping surface (29), wherein the Tool (22) at least one displaceable portion or part (32, 33, 34, 35) which is radially displaceable relative to at least one other portion or part (31), so that during the forming process, a substantially continuous shaping surface (29) and wherein as a result of a radially inwardly directed displacement movement of the displaceable part (32, 33, 34, 35) or portion, the projections (VO) from the undercuts (HL, HM, HN) radially outward can be moved.

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