KR20090012153A - Light fixture - Google Patents

Abstract

A lighting fixture is provided to achieve uniform illumination intensity distribution by determining location of a facet segment with a radial undercut. A lighting fixture(10) comprises a curved reflector(21) of a cup shape. The reflector is centered on a longitudinal axis. A light source is positioned inside the reflector. A plurality of facet segments(14a~14n) are arranged in the inner surface(30) of the reflector. A part of facet segments has the surface which is radially inward curved. A part of facet segments is formed with a undercut(HL,HM,HN) radially extended. Each facet segment has a cylinder, a spherical or a non-spherical shape. A plurality of facet segments are arranged between a free edge(R) and an apex(S) of the reflector.

Description

Lighting fixtures

The invention relates to building surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1 or to a luminaire for illuminating parts or exterior surfaces.

The luminaire according to the preamble of claim 1 is based on the applicant's German patent application DE 10 2004 042 915 A1.

Known lighting fixtures have reflectors having a number of facet-like segments therein. Each segment has an inwardly concave arcuate surface that may have a basic shape of spherical, cylindrical, or non-spherical.

The reflector disclosed in DE 199 10 192 A1 functions to reflect light beams and also has a number of internal facet-shaped segments.

Proceeding from the above mentioned luminaire, the object of the present invention consists in developing a luminaire according to the preamble of claim 1 to better control the illumination intensity distribution.

The invention achieves this object with the features of claim 1, in particular the features of the features, wherein radial undercuts (HL, HM, HN) are provided on at least some of the segments with respect to the center longitudinal axis. It is characterized by.

Therefore, the principle of the present invention is necessarily configured to provide radial undercuts about the central long axis. This means that the interior of the reflector or reflector element is shaped such that there are at least undercuts or dead regions between the respective segments. If you look at the reflector element along the central long axis, that is, along the central long axis inside the reflector, you will not see undercuts or dead spaces. These are the true radial undercuts.

These radial undercuts allow for the special shape, curve, arching, or positioning of the segments. For example, the cylindrical segments may be positioned in a special way, in particular in order to enable a uniform illumination intensity distribution, or an illumination intensity distribution oriented at any solid angle. Radial undercuts inevitably may be beneficial when non-cylindrical segments are used, for example when circular or cylindrical segments with any curved radius are used along different cross sections of the segments.

Progressive teachings allow for a special internal shape of the reflector in a luminaire that can be configured in a completely freely selectable manner. In particular, the light emitted from the light source and hitting the reflector can be radiated through the edge of the reflector relatively close. The luminaire is mounted on a ceiling, for example, the side walls of the building space can be illuminated upwards.

Advanced luminaires preferably have reflectors made of aluminum. More preferably, the reflector is made of swaged aluminum. The use of aluminum as a material for the reflector element provides many advantages. Meanwhile, conventional materials and machining treatments can be used. Aluminum, on the other hand, provides a particularly high quality surface, especially in the field of optical engineering, and has a very effective reflecting surface. Moreover, reflective surface elements can be produced inexpensively and are very light.

Advanced luminaires, on the other hand, cannot be produced using conventional steps, because of the progressively arranged radiation undercuts, since it cannot be provided from an axially die. Advanced manufacturing methods and advanced tools and dies are needed. This is explained later.

The formula according to which the reflector has a central long axis is particularly relevant to rotationally symmetric reflectors. Rotationally symmetrical reflectors are reflectors that are arranged rotationally symmetrically about the central long axis in their basic shape, ie their cup shape. The basic shape is also rotationally symmetric when the segments are disposed about the central long axis in a non-rotating symmetrical manner.

For example in a reflector having a square cross section there is also a central long axis of the reflector. Inevitably, the reflector axis that extends from the reflector's apex to its light outlet aperture is called the central long axis of the reflector.

The formula according to which advanced radial undercuts are provided in at least some segments means that at least one segment located near one edge of the reflector projects or overlaps over an adjacent segment located near the vertex. The overlap or projection area is concave. When viewed along the central long axis from the light exit apertures of the reflector along the central long axis, this radial overlap region forms a dead space or a shadow space.

Advanced lighting fixtures illuminate building surfaces or parts thereof, or exterior surfaces. In particular, advanced luminaires provide illumination, in particular uniform illumination of floor surfaces and / or wall surfaces and / or ceiling surfaces of a building. When advanced luminaires are made as external luminaires, for example paths, lawns and parking lots can be illuminated. Advanced lighting fixtures also illuminate objects, such as paintings or statues.

It mainly comprises a cup-shaped curved reflector, in particular a parabolic reflector, ie a reflector having a primarily parabolic cross section. In addition, in view of its basic shape, the reflector is made mainly symmetrically rotationally about its central long axis.

The light source can be disposed inside the reflector. It may for example be a HIT luminaire, such as a HIT-TC-CE lamp, or other halogen metal vapor lamp, and advantageously it may be one or a plurality of LEDs. Also, multiple HIT lamps can be placed inside the reflector. Advantageously, only one lamp is inserted into the inside of the reflector through the opening in the reflector, in particular through the opening at the apex of the reflector. In addition to using HIT lamps, low voltage halogen lamps such as, for example, QT9, QT12, and QT16 light emitters may also be used. Preferably, a light emitter is used, in particular which emits light from mainly point sources of light, ie in particular a small volume.

Multiple faceted segments are arranged inside the reflector. The interior of the reflector may be completely filled with facet shaped segments or only partially filled with segments, ie any partial regions. For example, it is understood that only one peripheral angle of 90 °, ie a quarter circle, is filled with facet-shaped segments, and the remaining three quarters of the reflector are mainly smooth. .

Each segment has an arcuate surface inward. Preferably, at least some of the segments have a reflective surface having a cylindrical basic shape. This means that the segments are provided by a body which originates as a cylindrical body, in particular as a cross-sectional body of a circular cylinder.

Advantageously, at least some of the segments have reflective surfaces having a spherical or non-spherical basic shape. This means that the segments are provided by a body which originates as a spherical body or as a body that is arced differently along different cross-sectional plates of a spherical body or a spheroidal body.

If cylindrical segments are present, one cylinder axis may be provided for each cylindrical segment. The cylinder axis is the central long axis relative to, or parallel to, the basic body of the cylinder. Each cylinder is preferably a circular cylindrical body.

The reflective surface of the segment is the surface section of the segment that contributes to the reflection of the light beams emitted from the light source. In the cylindrical segment, the reflective surface is arced about the central long axis of the cylindrical basic body.

In the background of this patent application, each axis parallel to the central long axis of the cylindrical segment is called the cylinder axis of the cylindrical segment.

The multiple cylindrical segments are advantageously disposed between the vertices of the reflector and the free edge of the reflector. These cylindrical segments can also be placed immediately adjacent to the segment and in this way can be changed to another segment, for example in a stepped or toothed manner. It is also possible for the two cylindrical segments to be spaced apart from each other, and between the cylindrical segments arranged apart from each other, there is a segment having a different non-cylindrical arcuate or a flat or flat surface.

In advanced luminaires, the cylinder axis is advantageously oriented at an acute angle of less than 90 ° with respect to the central long axis of the reflector. Cylindrical segments are arranged such that their cylinder axis traverses the central long axis of the reflector at an acute angle. The orientation of the cylinder axis relative to the central long axis of the reflector varies in different segments with different distances from the vertex of the reflector.

A connecting region is provided for each cylindrical segment. The area of the segment in which the segment is connected to the radiator is called the connection area of the segment. It may be for example the head region of the cylindrical segment, ie the region of the cylindrical segment adjacent to the vertex of the reflector, or alternatively, the side region of the cylindrical segment. The connection area of the segment is preferably an area of the segment adjacent to the reflector. Tangents may lie outside of the reflector in each connection area of the segment. The outer face of the reflector is understood as the face of the reflector facing away from the inside. It is assumed that the outer surface of the reflector is not constructed and has only a very thin sidewall thickness. Once the exterior of the reflector is configured, the tangent is applied to an imaginary curve, such as a parabola, which defines the basic shape of the reflector.

The declination is preferably formed between the cylinder axis and the tangent of the associated segment. This declination is preferably acute and varies with the distance between the segment and the vertex of the reflector.

The cylinder segments, which are represented differently, are placed and, when looking at the cross section through the reflector, are surfaces, and the long sides of the cylinder contributing to optical light deflection are oriented such that they form a polygonal structure that deviates from the reflector's basic shape. do.

In this way, a reflector having a basic oval shape can be simulated, for example, by using a primarily parabolic arced reflector and by roughly positioning the cylindrical facets. This allows for a small structural shape for the reflector compared to a reflector having an elliptical cross section, thus enabling the design of a luminaire having only a shallow installation depth.

On the other hand, whatever intensity is required, the illumination intensity distribution is created by positioning the cylindrical facets in accordance with progressive teaching using radiant undercuts. For example, it is possible for an illumination intensity distribution to be obtained inside a given light field which is completely uniform. Alternatively, the side wall may be illuminated particularly uniformly, for example when using a luminaire that illuminates the floors and side walls of the building room. This is obtained in that the light is reflected on the upper sidewalls.

The use of facets with a cylindrical reflective surface spreads by beam beams striking a cylindrically arced surface, in particular with a uniform illumination intensity distribution and "white light". Enable the creation of. At the same time, the use of cylindrical segments with different deflection angles allows to influence the illumination intensity distribution in the desired manner. The placement of the undercuts makes it possible to emit light even in very high room areas.

Advantageous placement of the cylindrical facets such that the deflection angle varies with different distances from the segment to the apex of the reflector allows for some light to be deflected upwards and downwards. The terms "upward" and "downward" refer to the ceiling arrangement of the reflector and are related to the cross section of the reflector. Expressed differently and using different deflection angles, light can be reflected in the segments in desired manners at desired angles relative to the central long axis of the reflector. Therefore, the illumination intensity distribution necessarily changes in a desired way.

The size of the undercuts, for example the amount of radial overlap, and the height of the undercut relative to the central long axis may vary. Therefore, the size of the undercut may also change the angle of the reflector in the direction of the central long axis, ie exactly according to the basic shape of the reflector between the vertex and edge of the reflector, ie along the column of segments. Can be. The change in undercuts depends on the desired illumination intensity distribution to be produced.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the light source is a point. This is a light source that is made primarily as point light sources, for example, it emits light from very small volumes. Metal-vapor halogen lamps such as HIT-TC-CE lamps, QT lamps, or at least one LED lamp as low voltage halogen lamps are advantageously used for light sources. Naturally, multiple light emitters or groups of light emitters may also be arranged inside the reflector, preferably near the focal point of the reflector or at the focal point of the reflector. On the one hand, this allows for a special illumination intensity distribution that can be predetermined and, on the other hand, high light currents.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the reflector has a mainly parabolic cross section. The reflector is eventually made as a parabolic reflector. It is advantageously cylindrical, mainly rotating about its basic shape. This means that, without taking into account any asymmetrically arranged segments, the cup-like shape of the reflector is formed into a cylindrical body that mainly rotates about the central long axis of the reflector.

The reflector, in turn, advantageously has a mainly circular light emission aperture. The reflector is attached to the luminaire, which makes it possible for the luminaire to overlap the free edge of the reflector, for example by a part of the housing and / or by fastening means such as a screw. If the luminaire is a ceiling can light or downlight, the free edge of the reflector can, for example, remove flush to the ceiling surface.

According to one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the radius of curvature of the segments varies along a row. Row is the circular arrangement of segments about the central long axis of the reflector. If the segments are disposed along the entire inner surface of the reflector, the rows or at least some of the rows are closed. If the segments are disposed only along the peripheral angle of the inner surface of the reflector, the rows may also extend only across the peripheral angle of the inner surface of the reflector.

When using rotating cylindrical reflectors and principal point light sources, the curve radius of the segments along the row can yield illumination intensity distributions that deflect from rotational symmetry. For example, mainly egg-shaped illumination intensity distributions can be created, which are particularly suitable for using lighting fixtures that illuminate parking area areas, or illuminate pieces or similar objects as sculpture spots.

The luminaire may also be placed directly on the ceiling of the building and made as a downlight. Alternatively, the luminaire may be attached to the ceiling of the building room indirectly via conductor rails. In each of the two aforementioned applications, the luminaire can illuminate the side wall area of the building room and the floor area of the room at the same time. If only the section of the floor surface and the side of the room are adjusted, the curved radius of the segments changes along the row such that a quarter circle segment of the inner surface of the reflector is filled with cylindrical facets having a first radius, and The remaining three quarters of the other segments of the circle, corresponding to an area around 270 °, are filled with different curve radii.

Using the special positioning of the cylindrical facets in the area around the quarter circle described above, the side walls to be illuminated can be illuminated in a particularly uniform manner or very far. In total, non-rotating symmetrical illumination intensity distribution is produced in such a luminaire.

Comparable lighting fixtures can also be made to illuminate two opposing sidewall areas of a building room, such as a longitudinally extending corridor, floor areas that are illuminated at the same time. In this embodiment, the entire inner surface of the reflector is the dual plane symmetry of the reflector, in particular the two planes that pass through the central long axis of the reflector, are perpendicular to each other and intersect at the central long axis of the reflector This is divided into four segments to exist.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the radius of curvature of the segments is constant along the row. Particularly uniform illumination intensity distributions can be generated according to embodiments of the invention, and specially uniform rotationally symmetrical illumination intensity distributions can be created with an almost constant illumination intensity distribution along the illuminated surface.

The curve radius of the segments can vary or be constant along the column. The column is the placement of the segments disposed along the ideal peripheral angle, adjacent between the free edge and the vertex of the reflector. Whether the radius of curvature of the segments varies along the column or remains constant depends on the illumination intensity distribution required. For example, relatively thin, ie tightly emitted light cones or alternatively very wide light cones can be obtained by changing the curve radius of the segments along the column.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the segments, in particular cylindrical segments, extend along a partial region of the inner surface of the reflector or along a plurality of partial regions of the inner surface of the reflector. Thus, for example, only a quarter circle segment of about 90 ° of the inner surface of the reflector is filled with cylindrical segments, while the other three quarters (270 °) of the circle of the reflector are mainly flat. Therefore, a reflector having an illumination intensity distribution that deflects from the illumination intensity distribution of the facet free reflector in a desired manner can be made, for example, of little complexity. Alternatively, the inner surface of the reflector can also be filled with cylindrical and combined spherical or non-spherical segments. Therefore, the first peripheral angle of the reflector may be filled with cylindrical facets, and another peripheral angle of the reflector may be filled with spherical or non-spherical segments.

Finally, the segments, in particular cylindrical segments, can also extend along the entire inner surface of the reflector.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the deflection angle is varied such that the cylindrical segments disposed around the free edge of the reflector have larger deflection angles than the segments disposed near the vertex. With this arrangement, it is possible to reflect particularly large amounts of light outward relatively far from the ceiling arrangement, ie relatively far upwards, so that the upper regions of the side walls are illuminated.

According to the invention, the segments at least partially have radial undercuts. This means that at least two adjacent segments arranged along the column, ie in the axial direction, are made to overlap when viewed in the axial direction. This enables advantageous positioning of the cylindrical facets such that some light emitted by the light source is emitted just around the free edge of the reflector. For example, if used for downlights intended to illuminate the sidewalls of a room, the luminaire may be illuminated with very high sidewall areas.

Particularly advantageously, a reflector with cylindrical segments is an aluminum reflector produced using a pass through process. During the first time, it is possible to obtain undercut placement by using appropriately advanced and novel tools.

Cylindrical segments may be disposed along spinning columns extending from apex to edge and along angled annular rows. Segments of two rows separated from each other may have a peripheral angular offset.

The invention also relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 35.

One method is known for producing reflector elements for a luminaire from a starting material workpiece. In particular, what is known from the above-mentioned German patent application is to produce a reflector faced from an aluminum disk using a compression method. After the compression method, the reflector has a cup shape with a number of faceted segments on its interior.

Starting from the above method with respect to the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method by which a reflector can be produced, in which an improved change in the illumination intensity distribution can be obtained.

The present invention has the features of claim 35 and achieves this object,

a) providing a starting material workpiece;

b) exerting a relative force between the workpiece and a male die, the male die having radial projections for generating undercuts between adjacent segments in the workpiece. Applying force;

c) performing radial movement of portions or sections of the male die with respect to the reflector elements shaped from the workpiece such that the projections are moved out of the undercuts; And

d) performing axial movement of the male die with respect to the reflector element to remove the male die from the reflector element.

The principle of the advanced method is, in part, that a particular die, which can be called a male die, is prepared. The male die has at least two parts that can be displaced with respect to each other. While the daily die of the prior art is a single large die portion, the female-type structure is applied outside of it and engraved or stamped inside the reflector element to create the mail type structure. In an advanced manner, a particular facet structure with radiant undercuts can be created on the interior of the reflector. However, the creation of undercuts in the reflector exposes great problems while removing the die. Axial movement is prevented due to the overlap of at least two adjacent segments in the radial direction. Therefore, it is impossible to remove the die by the prior art method.

By providing the multi-part female die with the option to displace at least one portion of the female die relative to another portion of the female die, the female side projections can eliminate reflector side undercuts after the compression process is performed. The axial movement of the female die then causes the reflector to be tightly bound. Alternatively, the female die can also be safely held and the reflector can be displaced relative to it.

Relative forces are applied between the workpiece and the female die during compression processing using a special pressure device. For example, it may comprise a compression head in the form of a roller and a number of lever arms. The relative force during compression preferably acts primarily in the axial direction, and the compression tool is movable radially, in this way the entire outer surface of the reflector is moved. The female die rotates continuously with the aluminum disk under a compression tool.

The invention also relates to a tool for producing a mainly cup-shaped curved reflector element according to claim 36.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool by which a reflector can be produced which can be variably designed for the illumination intensity distribution.

The present invention achieves this object with the features of claim 36.

Advanced tools function as male die portions during the molding process and include a molding surface with radial projections. Radiation projections are for obtaining undercuts on the reflector. The male die includes at least one displaceable portion radially displaceable relative to at least one other portion. During the molding process, the tool provides a constant molding surface that, once produced, reflects primarily the entire interior surface or interior of the reflector element having a geometrically inverted structure.

Once the compression process is finished, it is possible for the projections to radially remove the undercuts due to the radially inwardly displaced movement of the displaceable portion of the section.

Additional advantages of the invention are understood in the other dependent claims as well as in the description of the various embodiments shown in the figures.

An advanced luminaire, identified as 10 in the figures, is described below. Initially, it should be noted that parts or elements that are comparable for clarity are sometimes indicated by the same reference numerals, sometimes with the addition of small letters and / or numbers. This also applies to the lighting fixture of the prior art.

First, the lighting fixture is described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 1A from the applicant's prior art.

As shown in FIG. 1, lighting fixtures from the prior art are intended to be installed on the ceiling D of a room in a building. The luminaire comprises light emitting means (not shown) disposed at or near the focal point F of the reflector. For this reason, the reflector 21 is provided at its apex S with an aperture 11 into which the light emitter can be inserted, in particular not shown in FIG. 1 but clearly shown in FIG. 1A. The lighting fixture 10 in the prior art is also. Has housings and sockets, or mounts electrical lines and all other required parts or elements, such as operating equipment, for light emitters

The prior art luminaire 10a shows the floor structure B of the building room at the left limit (LB) and the right limit (RB), and simultaneously the lower limit (LB). ) And the upper limit (OB) particularly illuminate the side wall SE. The reflector of the luminaire 10a is mainly parabolic and has a cross section which is mainly rotationally symmetric about its central long axis M. The interior of the reflector is very flat, ie there are no segments or bumps formed on the inner surface.

As can be well understood from FIG. 1A, an edge notch 12 is provided in the region of the peripheral angle β. The edge notch 12 drops the light emitted from the light source at the focal point F on the individual reflector element 13. The reflector element 13 is mounted outside the envelope of the reflector 21. In FIG. 1 the area of the reflector 21 provided between the upper edge OA and the lower edge UA is cut off and clearly shown in FIG. 1A although not clear in FIG. 1. Starting from the light source, light can travel directly to the reflector element 13 without being disturbed by the reflector 21. The cut line shown in FIG. 1 shows the free edge R of the reflector 21 in the region of the notch 12 before the notch is made.

The reflector element 13 functions to illuminate the side wall SE as high as possible, ie as close to the ceiling D as possible. Uniform illumination of the side walls SE is particularly required.

A beam bundle coming out of the light source and shown in FIG. 1 on the left half of the reflector 21, on the left side of the central long axis M of the reflector, is reflected on the left reflector half and is mainly parallel to the bottom B. Falling down, on the other hand, light striking the element 13 in the peripheral angle β can illuminate the side wall SE. Therefore, the light distribution is generally asymmetric.

The production of reflectors such as in FIGS. 1 and 1A is very complicated since firstly a mainly symmetrical reflector must be produced, which must be punched or cut, and finally it must be fitted with the individual reflector element 13. .

In addition, the individual reflector elements 13 must be produced individually and positioned very accurately with respect to the reflector 21 during assembly.

In contrast, the production of the advanced luminaires described below is simpler and offers a number of advantages, in particular in light engineering. The advanced luminaire 10 is first described with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a luminaire 10 which is advanced in the same view as in FIG. 1.

1, the advanced lighting fixture 10 is also suitable for mounting on the ceiling D and for illuminating the building side walls SE and the floor B. FIG. For clarity, the bottom of the bottom B and the side walls SE from FIG. 1 are omitted in FIG. 2.

The comparison between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows how the two reflectors mainly have the same basic shape. The two reflectors 21 are mainly cup-shaped and consist of parabolic sections. It is immediately understood that a stepped or serrated structure is formed on the interior 30 of the reflector 21 for the advanced luminaire 10. This serrated structure is formed in the embodiment of FIG. 2 by cylindrical segments and is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 4a, 14, 15.

In a very schematic top view, FIG. 4 shows the interior of a reflector 21 for a luminaire according to the invention as in FIG. 2. Here, a plurality of cylindrical faceted segments 14n, 14m, 14i, 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ , 14n ₃ are disposed on the inner surface 30 of the reflector 21 along the peripheral angle β. As is understood from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the remaining area of the reflector (denoted by γ) is facet free, ie primarily flat. This facet free region is denoted THE, and represents, for example, a partial region of about 250 degrees, while the angularly extending region β is about 110 degrees. Naturally, the size of the angularly extending regions β and γ can vary depending on the desired application. The number of differently shaped regions may vary depending on the application. 4A shows an embodiment of an advanced reflector 21 modified with respect to FIG. 4, wherein the inner surface 30 of the reflector is filled with cylindrical segments in its entirety. FIG. 4B shows an embodiment of an advanced reflector 21 modified with respect to FIG. 4A.

2 shows that a plurality of cylindrical facets 14a, 14b, 14c, 14e, 14f, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n, starting from the vertex S of the reflector 21, free of the reflector. It is provided to the edge R. FIG. 3A shows the facets 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n, in a partially cut away perspective corresponding to circle III of FIG. 2. There are offset cylindrical facets disposed adjacent to another next to the columns between the edge R and the vertex point of the reflector 21.

4a shows how a plurality of facets are arranged immediately adjacent to one another in the angular direction U. FIG. Therefore, in FIG. 4A, in the outermost row, there are three segments, 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ , 14n ₃ . 4A shows sixth outermost row segments 14i ₁ , 14i ₁ , 14i ₂ , 14i ₃ , 14ni ₄ . These four segments are shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 14.

14 schematically shows a light source 18, for example, in which parallel beam bundles are directed against the surface OF of the cylindrical segment 14i ₁ . A beam bundle with four parallel beam beams is shown.

Surface (OF) of the cylindrical segment (14i _1), each cylindrical segment, as would be understood by way of example using the _{(14i 1, 14i 2, 14i} 3, 14i 4) are inside (19 of reflector (21) Is convex arcuately and is formed by a cylinder having a radius r, a length 1, and a central axis m. In FIG. 14, the radius r and the cylinder central axis m are shown in dashed lines with respect to the segment 14i ₄ . Each of the cylindrical segments 14i ₁ , 14i ₂ , 14i ₃ , 14i ₄ may be defined using a radius r, a cylinder center axis m, and a cylinder length 1.

The parameters m, r, 1 may vary for each segment. In particular, the orientation of the cylinder central axis m is a function of the distance of each segment from the vertex S of the reflector 21 to the orientation of the tangent applicable to the reflector at the junction point or segment 15 of the segment. Change. Due to the curve of the surface OF having a radius r, parallel beam bundles striking the segment 14i ₁ diffuse. The four light beams shown by way of example have different reflection angles δ ₁ , δ ₂ , δ ₃ , δ ₄ for parallel incident light beams.

All other cylindrical segments 14i ₂ , 14i ₃ , 14i ₄ exhibit comparable spinning behavior.

The number of segments along the column and the number of segments along the row can be freely selected. The number of columns and the number of rows are also freely selectable.

While the curve of the cylindrical reflective surface (OF) can take into account extensive homogenization of the light intensity distribution, in accordance with the present technology, the special orientation of the cylindrical segments during the undercuts (HI, HM, HN) (later It is possible to obtain the desired illumination intensity distribution with (described). As a result, reference is first made to FIGS. 2 and 15.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged schematic view of the reflector 21 of the advanced lighting fixture 10, as in FIG. 2. In this case, all of the cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n provided in the column are shown. The reflector 21 has a vertex S and an edge R, and the cross-sectional shape is parabolic with a focal point F. In its basic shape, the reflector 21 is rotationally symmetric about the central major axis M. However, as can be appreciated from FIGS. 4 and 4B, the cylindrical segments do not have to be distributed rotationally symmetrically.

Cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n are connected to the reflector 21 via the connection area 15, respectively. The portion of the cylindrical segments in which each segment satisfies the basic shape of the reflector is called the connection area 15. For example, the segment 14n has a connection area 15n located approximately near the point Pn of the intersection with respect to the indicated cylinder axis m ₄ having the parabolic basic shape of the reflector 21.

Tangent T ₄ may lie outside 38 of reflector 21 in the region of point Pn of this intersection. In its orientation, the tangent T ₄ does not become an arbitrary structure outside of the reflector 21, but rather a mathematical feeling that lies in a mathematical curve that yields the basic shape of the cup-shaped curved reflector 21. The tangent of (mathematical sense).

In the very thin walled reflector 21, the outer shape 38 of the reflector 21 is an almost mathematically ideal parabolic curve that yields the basic shape of the reflector, or at least very close to it. The angle between the tangent T ₄ associated with the cylinder axis m ₄ is α _{4 in} FIG. 15. α ₄ is the so-called deviation mean.

The segment 14 ₁ closer to the vertex than the segment 14n is similarly fixed to the reflector 21 in its connection area 15 ₁ . The associated cylinder axis m ₃ intersects with the associated tangent T ₃ at the deflection angle α ₃ . For clarity in FIG. 15, the same applies to all other illustrated cylinder facets, with only segments 14b, 14f having their cylinder axes m ₁ , m ₂ and deflection angles α ₁ , α ₂ Is indicated by).

The deflection angles α ₁ , α ₂ , α ₃ , α ₄ vary. The mirror surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 16l, 16m, 16n are inclined differently with respect to the central long axis M of the reflector 21. The inclination of the mirror surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 16l, 16m, 16n can be selected completely independently from the basic shape of the reflector 21. .

In particular, it is possible to illuminate the side walls regions SE of the building room up to the ceiling D, preferably near the edge R of the reflector 21 by setting the steepness appropriately.

The connection or steep setting for the cylindrical facets 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n is the cylinder axis (m, m ₁ , m). ₂ , m ₃ , m ₄ ) are achieved by assuming that the different deflection angles α ₁ , α ₂ , α ₃ , α ₄ for the associated tangents T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ . The change in the deflection angles does not need to follow any listed rules, such as the rule according to the deflection angle for the segment increasing from the vertex S to the edge R of the reflector. Rather, the deflection angle can vary as needed. In particular, the change in deflection angle is determined by optimizing during the simulation process until the required illumination intensity distribution is obtained.

Progressive teachings also include lighting fixtures 10 in which the segments near the vertex of the reflector 21 have a larger deflection angle than the segments near the edge R. In addition, individual facets may have larger deflection angles, while other segments requiring equivalent adjacent segments may have smaller deflection angles.

The perspective of tangents T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ as in FIG. 15 is mainly schematic. 15 does not take into account the exact wall thickness of the reflector. When determining the orientation of the tangents, one must assume a mathematical curve that best corresponds to the curved mood shape of the reflector. This curve is a parabola with a focal point F in the embodiments of FIGS. 15 and 2.

In addition to or as an alternative to the generation of high illumination intensity in the upper sidewall region, to achieve improved homogenization of the illumination intensity distribution on the floor or other surface to be illuminated, as required in the embodiment of FIG. It is possible to use a connection of cylindrical facets, which is particularly easily understood in the following. In particular, reflective surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f of cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n. , 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 16l, 16m, 16n) can be perfectly positioned as needed using simulation programs, in particular using so-called ray tracing methods In particular, the positioning of the facets can be individually optimized according to the required application.

The use of facets, especially cylindrical facets with undercuts (HL, HM, HN), has proved particularly beneficial during the process of optimizing the illumination intensity distribution. In addition to using cylindrical segments, mirror surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h, 16i, 16j, 16k, 16l, which consist of facets and abut the interior of the reflector 21, It is advantageous to connect the cylindrical facets, 16m, 16n), which are completely freely oriented in their orientation, especially irrespective of the basic shape of the reflector.

Progressive teachings can be implemented in a particularly advantageous manner where the reflector, which is a parabolic cross section, in its light distribution, mimics the elliptical reflector. 2 shows this embodiment. The light beam sent from the light source to the right at the focal point F intersects at the second focal point F2 outside the reflector. Therefore, the cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 14g, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n mainly provided on the interior 30 of the parabolic reflector 21 are Parabolic reflectors 21 are required for elliptical reflectors, with cross-sections that are able to simulate or mimic the radiation behavior of elliptical reflectors, and allow for much thinner installation depths and installation widths.

Basically, segments based on a circular cylindrical body are understood as cylindrical segments in this patent application. However, in some applications, there is an option to select as basic cylinder bodies for a cylindrical facet body that does not have a circular cylindrical basic shape and has, for example, a cylindrical cross section of an ellipse.

In a view similar to that of FIG. 3, FIG. 3A is a partial cross section through the reflector element 21 in which the cylindrical segments 14l, 14m, 14n of FIG. 3 have been replaced with spherical curved segments 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n. To show. In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the reflective surface OF of each individual element is not formed by a body having a cylindrical basic shape, but mainly by a partially spherical body. Alternatively, in the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the segments 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n can each be formed by a cylindrical body, the cylinder axis of which is cylinder plane with respect to FIG. 3a in the plane of the paper. It has an angle of reflector 21 to extend perpendicular to. In this case, the cylinder axis is the axis of the curve of each segment 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n.

FIG. 3a clearly shows that undercuts HK, HL, HM, HN are provided in particular in the embodiment of FIG. 3a. Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 3, the dotted lines E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ , E ₄ represent lines parallel to the insertion direction or the axial direction or the die removal direction E. FIG. The insertion direction E is again parallel to the central long axis M of the reflector.

)에서 인접 세그먼트(141)와 중첩한다. 이런 식으로 생성된 언더컷(HL)은 연관된 삽입 방향(E₂) 외부로 방사적으로 위치된다. 그러므로, 점선(E₂)은 반사기(21)의 중심 장축에 평행한, 에지 근처의 세그먼트(141) 상에 위치될 수 있는 방사적으로 가장 깊은 부분의 탄젠트를 나타낸다. Therefore, dead spaces, denoted by HK, HL, HM and HN and located outside the dotted lines E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ and E ₄ , respectively, are radiation undercuts in the present invention. There are thin spaces or dead spaces that are not seen by the viewer looking into the interior 19 of the reflector 21 from the orthogonal direction along the central long axis. Two adjacent segments overlap one another in the radial direction. Also, for example, the segment of FIG. 3A may have overlapping regions (

) Overlaps with adjacent segment 141. The undercut HL created in this way is located radially out of the associated insertion direction E ₂ . Therefore, the dotted line E ₂ represents the tangent of the deepest radial portion that can be located on the segment 141 near the edge, parallel to the central long axis of the reflector 21.

4 shows that only one region of the inner surface 30 of the reflector, which extends along the peripheral angle β, is filled with cylindrical segments 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ , 14n ₃ , 14nl, 14m, 14n The partial region TH of the inner surface 30 of the reflector is segment-free, roughly along the peripheral angle γ, and therefore shows an embodiment of a mainly flat reflector 21. The embodiment of FIG. 4 is intended to clarify that depending on the application, partial regions of the inner surface 30 of the reflector 21 of different numbers and different sizes can be filled with segments, in particular cylindrical segments. do. Also in this respect, the partial region of the reflector 21 can be filled with segments of the first type, for example cylindrical segments, and another partial region with the second type of segment, for example spherical segments or non-spherical curves. It should be noted that the segments may be filled, or preferably flat surfaces.

In contrast, FIGS. 4A and 4B show two embodiments of reflectors for advanced luminaires, the inner surface 30 of which is completely filled with cylindrical segments. For the following description of the drawings, the embodiments for FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5, 8 and 11 have a reflector with at least a few radiating undercuts in the present invention.

4A shows an embodiment of a reflector 21 in which segments are disposed along circular rows. Thus, for example, segments 14n ₁ , 14n ₂ , 14n ₃ are disposed along the outermost row of segments, and segments 14i ₁ , 14i ₂ , 14i ₃ are different sixth outermost of the segments. Are arranged along the side rows. Segments 14n, 14m, 14l, 14k are disposed along the column of segments.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the radius of curvature of the individual segments varies along the row. In one alternative embodiment, the radius of curvature may also be constant along the row. In this alternative embodiment, only the orientation of the cylinder is changed.

FIG. 4B shows an embodiment of the reflector 21 modified with respect to FIG. 4A, where adjacent reflector rows along the peripherally extending region γ ₁ are offset to the periphery. The other area of the reflector 21 in FIG. 4B does not have this peripheral staggering.

In the reflector of FIG. 5, the adjacent peripheral offset along the angular region γ ₂ becomes particularly apparent. Peripheral angularly extending region γ ₂ is filled with rows of cylindrical segments, and every two adjacent rows, for example rows 17a and 17b or rows 17a and 17c, are half segment wide. As a peripheral offset relative to each other. On the other hand, the embodiments of Figures 8 and 11 do not have this peripheral offset.

It can also be understood from FIG. 5 that rows 17a and 17c and rows 17b and 17d do not have this peripheral offset relative to each other. That is, every second row is formed without a peripheral offset.

Among the cylindrical segments 14a, 14b, 14c, 14e, 14f, 14h, 14i, 14j, 14k, 14l, 14m, 14n, shown together, it is also shown that only the cylindrically curved surface OF contributes to light reflection. Obvious from 3, 4a, 5. The surface UF abutting the light exit aperture of the reflector 21 of FIG. 3 does not have any technical light function. Surfaces UF are shown brightly in FIGS. 4A and 5, while the cylindrical reflective surfaces of FIGS. 4A and 5 are shown dark.

Moreover, the embodiments of FIGS. 4A and 4B make it clear that the size of the surfaces UF can be chosen completely differently from row to row or along the row. This is obtained from the different size regions shown brightly in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

All cylinder axes m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ , m _{4 of the} corresponding segments 14b, 14f, 14i, 14n are set at an acute angle with respect to the central long axis M of the reflector 21. The segments located near the vertex S of, for example the segments 14b, 14f, have a very small angle of 21 ° or 5 ° with respect to the central long axis M, while the cylinder axis of the segment 14i ( It can be understood from Fig. 15 that the angle of m ₃ ) is almost 0 °. In contrast, the cylinder axis m ₄ has a large acute angle with respect to the central long axis M.

The change in deflection angles can be clearly seen in FIG. 15. Therefore, the deflection angle α ₄ is about 43 °, while the deflection angle α ₂ is about 34 °. These deflection angles in the order of 5 ° of the cylinder axis to the associated tangents may be suitable to yield significant changes in the illumination intensity distribution.

In this regard, it should be noted that each of the mirror surfaces 16 of the individual segments 14 is parallel to the cylinder axis m. Thus, for example, the clear mirror surface 16n of the segment 14n of FIG. 15 is arranged parallel to the associated cylinder axis m ₄ .

Finally, it should be noted that the entire inner surface 30 of the reflector 21 is advantageously filled with cylindrical segments.

The floor B and the wall SE are arranged in the same arrangement as in FIG. 6 in the ceiling mount, especially when using the reflector 21 in the advanced luminaire 10. Illumination using the embodiment of 21). 6 shows the paths of a number of exemplary light beams, assuming that the building sidewall is not located along the double arrow SE, rather the floor is simply illuminated. Indeed, a luminaire such as FIG. 6 also illuminates the side wall SE that extends along a double arrow SE across, for example, a room height of 3 m.

FIG. 7 shows the illumination intensity distribution originating between the lower limit UB and the upper limit OB, on the sidewall SE. The width of the wall is given in millimeters on the X axis, and the height of the wall is given on the Y axis. Each zero point represents the center of the wall and the central long axis of the reflector 21 for the advanced luminaire 10 as shown in FIG. 6 is arranged at x = 0 and y = 1500 mm. A wide and uniform illumination intensity distribution can be clearly seen from FIG. 7 shows the illumination intensity distribution with a wrong color view, and the illumination intensity increases from inside out. The difference from the prior art is particularly evident when FIG. 7 compares with FIG. FIG. 7A shows the illumination intensity distribution for a luminaire from a prior art, in particular a conventional rotationally symmetrical flood reflector. Such flood reflectors of the prior art are rotationally symmetric about a central long axis and have a parabolic cross section. The inner surface is mainly flat with no facets or segments. Similar illumination intensity distributions can also be obtained when spherically curved facets are placed inside the flood reflector.

FIG. 7A shows the illumination intensity distribution on the same scale as FIG. 7, assuming that such a luminaire from the prior art is installed on the ceiling at the installation position as in FIG. 7. It is evident that a clearly uniform illumination intensity distribution extending upwards and outwards is obtained with an advanced luminaire using a reflector such as FIG. 5, as understood from FIG. 7.

Illumination intensity distribution as in FIG. 7 cannot be achieved with spherical or non-spherical or other oriented cylindrical facets. Cylindrical facets are required to obtain an illumination intensity distribution as shown in FIG.

5 shows an embodiment of an advanced luminaire 10 that can be used, for example, as a downlight or spotlight. In both cases, the luminaire 10 illuminates the bottom B and the side wall SE.

FIG. 8 is the same view as FIG. 5 for yet another embodiment of a reflector 21 for an advanced luminaire. In its basic shape, the reflector is mainly rotationally symmetrical about its long central axis (M). In this case, the radius of curvature of the cylindrical segments does not change along the rows of facets. Briefly, by using the positioning of the segments, ie the positioning of the cylinder axis, relative to tangents T with different deflection angles α, as described largely in the embodiment of FIG. Illumination intensity distribution is obtained as in FIG.

9 schematically shows the beam paths using a few exemplary light beams, the luminaire 10 is mounted on the ceiling D and adjusts the floor B. FIG. 9 shows the system in the illustrated configuration rotated by 180 °. FIG. 10 shows the illumination intensity distribution of the lighting fixture 10 as in FIG. 9 on the floor B. FIG. This demonstrates that an almost constant mainly rotationally symmetrical illumination intensity distribution is obtained along the large surface circle area.

11 shows another embodiment of an advanced reflector structure for an advanced luminaire in which the curved radius of the cylindrical facets varies along the rows of facets. Likewise, in accordance with progressive teachings, cylindrical segments have different deflection angles with respect to the tangents involved. The predominantly egg-shaped illumination intensity distribution as in FIG. 13 can be obtained with an advanced luminaire using a reflector as in FIG. With such a luminaire, it is possible to illuminate the piece so that, for example, the reflector 21 as shown in FIG. The use of individual sculpture lenses is unnecessary when using the reflector 21 as shown in FIG. The polar light distribution curve as shown in FIG. 12 illustrates the illumination intensity distribution of FIG. 13 along the axes x = 0 and y = 0 in terms of pole, ie, angle dependence.

15A-22 are used below to describe the advanced manufacturing method for the advanced reflector 21 for the advanced luminaire 10.

Preferably, the advanced reflector is compacted and made from an aluminum disk, ie a primarily circular disk made of aluminum. In a very schematic view, FIG. 22 shows an aluminum disk 23 located on the vertex SW of the die 22. The so-called male die die 22 and aluminum disk 23 rotate together about the central long axis M. As shown in FIG. The drive required for this is not shown.

The compression tool can pivot about a compression head or pusher 24, for example a rotatable wheel, pivot axes 39, 40, each attached to a stationary attachment site 41. Lever arms 25 and 26. The compression head 24 moves from the center ZE of the aluminum disk in the radial direction of the arrow 28, and subsequently lies on the top surface OS of the aluminum disk 23, in the direction of the arrow 27, namely Apply a large compressive force in the axial direction. The manner in which the compressive force is applied by the pusher 24 to the top surface OS of the aluminum disk 23 is not shown if necessary.

During the compression process, the compression head 24 constantly compresses the edges of the aluminum disk 23 against the outer face 29 of the die 22. It may follow the shape of the outer face 29 in the axial direction of the arrow 27 and in the radial direction of the arrow 28. This is made possible by pivotable lever arms 25, 26. It should be noted that the compression tool having the compression head 24 and the lever arms 25, 26 can have a completely different basic shape, simply that the compression head 24 can exert compression forces in the axial direction 27. It should be ensured that it can move in the radial direction 28.

Starting from the position as shown in FIG. 22, since the die 22 rotates, the compression head 24 compresses, and with the die, the aluminum disk 23 rotates, thus the cup-shaped curved basic shape of the reflector 21. The disk rotates along the outer surfaces of the die 22 to achieve this, for example, as in FIG. 15. The cylindrical or spherical segments on the reflector 21 described above are the outer shape 29 of the die 22, comprising rigid steel, for example in a geometrically inverted structure IF by laser engraving. Note that it works on. In cross section, the outer shape 29 represents a sawtooth structure. For example, as can be seen from FIG. 15B, the structure on the outer surface 29 of the die 22 is engraved in the interior 30 of the reflector 21 after the compression process is finished.

The production of aluminum reflectors for luminaires with curved segments is already known from the above-mentioned German patent application DE 10 2004 042 915 A1, and the production of aluminum reflectors with undercut facets in the compression process presents a problem. .

According to the invention, a die 22 is proposed which comprises a plurality of parts which can be displaced with respect to one another. In the embodiment of FIGS. 15A and 15B, the die includes a central portion 31, a left edge portion 32, and a right edge portion 33. The central portion 39 extends upwardly conical and can be displaced in the axial and opposite directions of the arrow 27. In this way it can be inserted like a wedge between two edges 32 and 33 and removed between them. The two edge portions 32, 33 are at least radially displaceable in the direction of the arrows 28a, 28b as soon as the central portion 31 opens the appropriate space of movement with respect to the edge portions 32, 33. .

When inserted as in FIG. 15A, the edge portions 32, 33 with the central portion 31 form a continuous outer shape 29 which is engraved on the inner surface 30 of the reflector 21. When retracted as shown in FIG. 15, the central portion 31 is displaced downward with respect to the outer portions 32, 33 in FIG. 15B. Due to the conical shape of the central portion 31, the wall portions 32, 33 can be radially displaced inward, which is represented by the radial arrows 28a, 28b. Edges 32 and 33 are radially prestressed inward by, for example, spring elements (not shown).

Due to the radial movement by the edges 28a, 28b, the serrated structures disposed on the edges with their projections VO are between the cylindrical facets 14l, 14n, 14m and the motion column The undercuts HL, HN, HM carved into the reflector 21 can be removed so that 36 is obtained for the edge portions 32, 33 (see FIGS. 3 and 3A). Once the radial displacement of the edges 32, 33 is finished, this movement gap 36 can cause them to move in the axial direction of the arrow 27 outside the inner portion of the reflector 21, and the reflector 21 Release). Therefore, the die 22 can be removed from the reflector 21 despite the radiation undercuts HL, HM, HN on the reflector interior 30.

15C and 15D show yet another embodiment of the advanced tool 22 in terms of roughly following the disconnection XVc-XVc of FIG. 15A. This die 22 comprises five parts in addition to the central part 31, the edge parts 32, 33 described above, and it is apparent that there are other edge parts 34, 35. In this embodiment of the die 22, once the compression process is finished, the center portion 31 first falls away from the viewer across the view plane, starting from the position as shown in Fig. 15C, the edge portions 34, 35. ) May move radially inward along arrows 28c and 28d. The edges 32, 33 described above can then move radially inwards along arrows 28a, 28b. The resulting motion space 36 can cause the entire die 22, the edges 32, 33, 34, 35 and the central portion 31 to move axially along the central long axis M, so that the die 22 Can be completely removed from within the reflector 21.

The embodiment of FIG. 16 shows another advanced die 22 with three tool parts (x, y, z), each extending a 120 ° angle. In this case, the view is a top view similar to that of FIG. 15C, and the reflector 21 is not shown in FIG. 16. 16 shows a concave cylindrical or concave spherical or generally inverted to produce cylindrical or spherical or non-spherical undercut facets on the corresponding interior 30 of the reflector 21 only in the peripherally extending region z of the die. Filled with facets IF. The other die portions (x, y) are mainly constantly flat, ie there is no bumps or depressions.

Radial movement by the die portions should be possible to produce undercut facets 14 on the interior 30 of the reflector 21 by the tool portion z. Comparing FIG. 16 with FIG. 18, this may occur in that the tool part z exhibits radial movement with respect to the fixed tool parts x, y along the radial arrow 28e. FIG. 16 shows the position of the die 22, for example, which the die takes during the compression process, while FIG. 18 shows the die portion z after performing the compression process to remove the die from the formed reflector 21 The radially inserted position is shown.

In an alternative embodiment such as in FIG. 17, the three tool parts (x, y, z) move radially outwards so that they are spaced apart, as indicated by the double arrows. During the compression process, the tool portions x, y, z of the die 22 are in the recessed position as shown in FIG. 17 so that the three gaps do not compress into the interior 30 of the reflector 21. The gaps represented by the double arrows are not closed with closure parts or multiple closure parts (not shown). These closed portions can be, for example, axially displaceable, and a conical outer surface can be provided, similar to how they are provided in the embodiments of FIGS. 15A and 15B. To remove the die, starting from the position as shown in FIG. 17, after the closed portions perform the axial movement, the radial insertion movement for the three portions x, y, z is reflected by the reflector 21. Is started to obtain a position as shown in FIG. 16 from which the die 22 can be removed.

In another embodiment of the die 22 of FIG. 19, the displaceable portions 32, 33 of the die 22 are also relative to the pivot axis 37 located in the foot region of the die 22. Pivot movements can be made. In an alternative embodiment of the die 22 as in FIG. 20, the pivot axis 37 is provided in the head region of the two edge portions 32, 33. The embodiments of FIGS. 19 and 20 show that radial movement by portions 32, 33, 34, 35 of die 22 may be provided by pivot movement. In this case, however, closed portions or spaces (not shown) must be provided to prevent radial movement during the compression process.

19 and 20 show that in order to obtain undercut facets 14 in the interior 30 of the reflector 21, the corresponding external shape 29 of the die 22 is also defined as the external shape of the die 22. It can be provided along only the partial region of 29, and these portions or segments of the multi0part die 22 provided to create the undercut facets 14 are radially displaced.

In contrast, the embodiments of FIGS. 15A-15D show that projections VO or embedded facets IF can produce undercut facets on the interior 30 of the reflector 21. It can be provided along the outer surface 29.

The embodiment of FIGS. 15A-22 shows all of the dies 22 that can be used when compressing the reflector to obtain undercut segments. Depending on the shape of the undercut segments or undercuts, the outer surface 29 of the die 22 should correspondingly be shaped like a male die with a geometrically inverted shape.

Except for the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the description of the preceding figures basically described embodiments of advanced luminaires, reflectors, and dies that relate to segments having a cylindrical basic shape. However, progressive teachings include an arrangement of undercuts between or adjacent segments of the desired shape. Thus, the basic shapes of the segments may vary, for example along the column or along the peripheral direction of the reflector such that alternating cylindrical and spherical segments are arranged in a direction along the column or alternating cylindrical or spherical segments are angular. Also, advanced undercuts or dead spaces can be located between adjacent segments, one of which has an inwardly curved reflective surface, and adjacently disposed segments spaced by the undercut have a flat surface. .

)의 크기는 컬럼 및/또는 반사기의 주변 방향을 따라 변할 수 있다. Finally, the radial depth of the undercuts, i.e. the overlap (

) May vary along the peripheral direction of the column and / or reflector.

Moreover, the geometric shape of the undercuts can also vary along the row of columns and / or segments.

Finally, the height of the undercuts, ie the axial extension of each undercut along the central long axis M of the undercuts, may also vary along the rows of columns and / or facets.

1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a conventional lighting fixture.

1A is a top view of the reflector only of the optical deposit from the prior art, in the direction of arrow Ia of FIG.

2 is a schematic cross sectional view similar to FIG. 1 of a first embodiment of an advanced luminaire;

3 is an enlarged cross sectional view along the circular region III in FIG. 2;

FIG. 3A shows another embodiment of the reflector element of the lamp advanced at the same view as FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale, the embodiment of FIG. 3A having spherical segments instead of the cylindrical segments seen in FIG. 3. The figure which shows.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a reflector for an advanced luminaire according to arrow IV of FIG. 2, in a very schematic view.

FIG. 4A shows a second embodiment of a reflector for a luminaire from a perspective similar to FIG. 4. FIG.

FIG. 4B shows another embodiment of a reflector for an advanced luminaire, at the same time as FIG. 4.

5 shows another embodiment of a reflector for an advanced luminaire, in a perspective view.

FIG. 6 is a very schematic view as shown in FIG. 1 of the lighting fixture of FIG. 5 mounted to the ceiling;

FIG. 7 shows a false color representing the illumination intensity distribution that the lighting fixture of FIG. 6 produces on the sidewall indicated by the double directional arrow of FIG. 6.

FIG. 7A shows the illumination intensity distribution from a perspective as in FIG. 7 that a luminaire from the prior art produces with a pyrometer symmetric facet-free reflector on the wall represented by the double directional arrow of FIG. 6. drawing.

FIG. 8 shows yet another embodiment of a reflector for the advanced luminaire shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of illuminating path light beams as an example in terms of similarity to FIG. 6 of a luminaire having a reflector such as FIG. 8; FIG.

FIG. 10 shows an adjustment intensity distribution on the floor that can be obtained with a luminaire such as FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of a reflector for an advanced luminaire, from the same perspective as FIG. 8;

FIG. 12 shows light distribution curves for a luminaire having a reflector such as FIG. 11 in a polar view along two mutually orthogonally visible planes. FIG.

FIG. 13 shows the illumination intensity distribution on the floor for a luminaire such as FIG. 12 from the same perspective as FIG. 10.

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration showing an enlarged cutout from a row of facets according to the cutout circle XIV of FIG. 4A; FIG.

FIG. 15 shows an advanced luminaire such as FIG. 2 in a simplified perspective; FIG.

15A shows an advanced die in which the outer shape forms the interior of the reflector as a result of the compression process;

FIG. 15B illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 15A with an elastic center portion. FIG.

FIG. 15C illustrates yet another embodiment of an advanced five part die, in partial section, schematic top view, along approximately the disconnection XVc-XVc of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 15D illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 15C with the retracted center tool portions. FIG.

FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of another embodiment of an advanced three part die as in FIG. 15C;

FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of an advanced die such as the die of FIG. 16 with three tool portions radially spaced from each other.

FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment of an advanced die similar to FIG. 16 with one of the three tool parts radially inwardly shifted.

FIG. 19 illustrates another embodiment of an advanced die in which the two tool parts are pivotal to one another about a lower pivot axis at the foot of the die.

FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of an advanced die similar to that of FIG. 19, in which two tool parts can be pivoted about a pivot axis and located near a vertex point of the die.

FIG. 21 illustrates another embodiment of an advanced die in which at least two tool parts may be radially displaced relative to one another.

22 illustrates aluminum disks and dies disposed in the compression aperture and vertex regions.

Claims (36)

A light fixture for illuminating building surfaces or parts thereof or exterior surfaces, The luminaire comprises a predominantly cup-shaped curved reflector centered on a longitudinal axis and has an interior adapted to hold a light source, at least a portion of which is radially curved inwardly. A luminaire having a surface and formed of a plurality of facet-like segments at least partially formed of radially extending undercuts. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein each of the segments has a cylindrical or spherical or nonspherical shape. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the plurality of segments are disposed between the free edge and the apex of the reflector. The method of claim 1, wherein the segments are cylindrical, centered on each cylinder axis, each oriented at an acute angle with respect to the central long axis of the reflector, wherein the distance from the segment to the vertex is Wherein the acute angles change as they change. 5. The luminaire of claim 4, wherein the tangent on the exterior of the reflector in each connection region of the cylindrical segment forms a deflection angle in the cylinder axis of the respective segment. 6. The lighting fixture of claim 5 wherein each deflection angle varies with the distance between each segment and the vertex. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the light source is a point source. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the light source is a halogen lamp or at least one LED. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the light source is disposed at or near a focal point of the reflector. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector has a general parabolic cross section. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector is mainly rotationally symmetrical about its central long axis. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the reflector has a general circular light outlet aperture. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the segments are disposed in angularly extending rows of the long axis, the curved radius of the segments varying along at least some of the rows. The lighting fixture of claim 13, wherein the lighting fixture produces an egg shaped illumination intensity distribution generally. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the luminaire is disposed directly on a ceiling of a building room and shaped as a downlight. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the luminaire is indirectly disposed on a ceiling of a building room via a conductor and is a spotlight. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the lighting device illuminates areas of the sidewall and floor areas of the room. 18. The lighting fixture of claim 17, wherein the lighting fixture uniformly illuminates the sidewall areas. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the luminaire is shaped as a pole-mount light fixture. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the segments are disposed in angularly extending rows of the long axis, the curved radius of the segments being constant along at least some of the rows. 21. The lighting fixture of claim 20, wherein the lighting fixture produces a uniform distribution of illumination intensity within a circular field of light. The illumination of claim 1, wherein the segments are disposed in columns that generally extend from the vertex to the free outer edge of the reflector, the curved radius of the segments varying along at least a portion of the columns. Instrument. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the segments are disposed in columns that generally extend from the vertex to the free outer edge of the reflector, the curved radius of the segments being constant along at least a portion of the columns. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the segments extend only in one or multiple partial regions of the inner surface of the reflector. The lighting device of claim 24, wherein the partial regions are confined to a perimeter. The lighting fixture of claim 24, wherein the other areas of the inner surface of the reflector are primarily flat. 25. The lighting device of claim 24, wherein the other areas of the inner surface of the reflector are filled with segments having curved surfaces that are spherical or non-spherical towards the interior, or filled by flat segments. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the segments substantially cover the entire inner surface of the reflector. 7. The lighting fixture of claim 6, wherein the deflection angle is varied such that segments near the free edge of the reflector have a larger deflection angle than segments near the vertex of the reflector. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the segments are disposed along angled annular rows of the axis and along radiating columns extending from the vertex to the free edge of the reflector. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein two spaced rows of segments have a circumferential angle offset. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein one of the undercuts is disposed between two segments disposed adjacent to each other in the direction of the central long axis. The lighting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector element is made of aluminum. 34. The lighting fixture of claim 33, wherein the reflector element is compressed aluminum. A method of producing a reflector element from a starting material workpiece and having a plurality of segments therein, Providing a starting material workpiece; Applying a relative force between the workpiece and a male die, the male die having radial projections for generating undercuts between adjacent segments in the workpiece. Adding; Performing radial movement of portions or sections of the male die with respect to the reflector elements shaped from the workpiece such that the projections are moved out of the undercuts; And Performing axial movement of the male die with respect to the reflector element to remove the male die from the reflector element. Obtain undercuts on the reflector, filled with undercut segments on its interior, using a metal shaping method and including a shaping surface that functions as a male die during the shaping process A tool for producing a primarily cup-shaped and curved reflector element filled with radiation projections for the at least one radially displaceable relative to at least one other section or portion. During the forming process, a mainly continuous forming surface is provided, including the displaceable section or portion of the substrate, and as a result of the radially inward displacement movement by the displaceable portion or section, the projections of the undercuts Tools that are moved radially out.

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