EP1398562A1 - Luminaire producing sharply delimited light cone - Google Patents

Abstract

Ceiling spotlight comprise a housing (12) containing a fluorescent lamp (15). This has a front plate (18) made up of an array of micro-lenses, so that a sharp-edged conical light beam (17) is produced.

Description

The invention relates to a luminaire according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Such lights are known in a variety of variants. It deals This is about building lights, preferably a bottom surface of the Illuminate building and therefore primarily on a building ceiling are arranged. Of course, but also comes an arrangement into consideration on a building wall. If necessary, also outer surfaces of the building.

In the light exit opening is usually to the user a Look at the bulb, so to deny the light source, a End element, such as a darklight reflector used. Such a Darklight reflector offers the one hand, the possibility of a relatively sharp-edged light cone to achieve, so that a dimmed area from a non-dimmed area is disconnected. This leads to a particularly good illumination of the floor surface, So to an illumination with a high efficiency or with low Loss of light output. Also is for a particularly high dimming such that a viewer who is in the dimming range, the Lamp practically does not perceive and the light exit surface this Viewer appears as a homogeneous, dark surface.

On the other hand, such a darklight reflector also offers the Possibility that a user located inside the light cone the bulb can not detect. The well-known, as darklight reflectors However, trained completion elements basically require one certain installation height. The known darklight reflectors include, for example a grid-like strut structure, with the struts together are connected and also have curved surfaces for light conduction.

In addition, as lights-terminating elements in the light exit opening used spreading discs known, for example, as a diffuser Act. However, such lenses can have the desired effects, which can be achieved with the known Darklight reflectors, do not produce.

The properties of lights described above are, for example desired to be adjacent to each other in a room of a building Creating lighting situations without these mutually strong influence.

From DE-OS 1 497 293 a light distribution plate is known which with equipped with prismatic elements. This is already a far-reaching Elimination of direct and reflected glare of the lamps reached.

From the catalog "Luminaire program" of the applicant, issue 2000/2001, page 340, is a luminaire terminating element called a prismatic lens for a lamp. This lens plate has prismatic Elements similar to the previously described DE-OS 1 497 293, wherein the prism tips are slightly rounded. The use of this lens plate creates brilliance effects that lead to a decorative lighting effect. If a viewer is in a dimmed area, he recognizes sparkling through a plurality of points of light in this termination element.

Starting from the lamp according to DE-OS 1 497 293 is the Object of the invention is a luminaire according to the preamble of Claim 1 further develop such that the light on the one hand in the dimmed area user with one for this essentially homogeneous, dark appearing light exit surface counteracts and on the other hand, a structural resolution of the light source for a light beam the viewer located largely prevented.

The invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1, essentially with those of the characterizing part, and is accordingly characterized characterized in that to achieve a sharp-edged, in particular substantially homogeneous light cone in the region of the light exit opening a lens plate arranged with a plurality of micro-lenses is.

The principle of the invention is thus essentially in place the prismatic elements known in the art now a Provide a variety of micro-lenses on the lens plate. As micro-lenses In this case, such light-conducting elements are referred to, the manner of a Collective lens act. Likewise, however, can also be used as diverging lenses acting light-conducting elements as microlenses in the sense of the present Patent application be designated.

In contrast to the arrangement of prismatic elements in the State of the art, which made in the manner of a beam splitter that each considered prismatic element does not homogeneously illuminate a circular area, but rather created a circular ring, provide the micro-lenses the luminaire according to the invention for a homogeneous, for example circular, Illumination of the surface to be illuminated to form a sharp-edged, substantially homogeneous cone of light.

At the same time, the arrangement of a variety of micro-lenses achieved that the bulbs, so the light source or the light sources, for a viewer are no longer immediately visible and no longer resolved can be. This improves the overall aesthetic impression of Lamp.

If a viewer is in the dimmed area, then he is the one Opposite lens plate as a substantially homogeneous, dark element, so that the lamp is practically unnoticeable. Unlike the known "prismatic lens" are just no sparkling or brilliant Points of light, which in the prior art also to a reduction led the light output.

As a cone of light within the meaning of the invention is not necessarily understood a cone, in the case of, for example, a substantially punctiform light source by passing the light through a substantially circular Light exit opening is created. The term light beam is intended according to the invention however, any geometric shape of the floor surface to be illuminated and equally comprise any shape of the light exit opening. So can For example, the light exit opening as elongated, substantially be formed rectangular light exit opening of a field lamp. The term light beam in the context of the invention, however, clarifies that it There is a dimmed and a lit area, both from each other are sharply limited.

Usually, the invention finds use in lights that a produce almost completely homogeneous light cone. The invention includes however, even those lights in which the light cone is not continuous is homogeneous, but for example, has an asymmetric light distribution.

The lamp according to the invention also allows a special flat design. For example, there is now the possibility of electronic Ballasts in axially elongated trained lights not in the axial direction to arrange behind the bulb, but essentially within the axial length of the bulb above the bulb, so that the light source between the electronic ballast and the Lens plate is and despite this arrangement, a flat design of Luminaire is possible.

In contrast to the arrangement of prismatic elements, the per By definition plane outer surfaces, each micro-lens has a curved. Interface with constant radius. As a lens in principle is an infinite multitude of juxtaposed prisms the light cone much more homogeneous than a prism plate.

The arrangement of the plurality of micro-lenses each other directly adjacent is particularly advantageous. This will ensure that the Luminous efficacy is maximum and a darklight effect can be optimally achieved can.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the micro-lenses due to a structuring of at least one surface of the lens plate educated. This allows a particularly simple production of the lens plate with the micro lenses.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention has the lens plate on the side facing away from the bulb and / or on the Bulb-facing side to form the spherical micro-lenses, outward bulges. The arrangement of vaults is one particularly simple measure for the formation of converging lenses. A Condenser lens is already achieved by the fact that the lens plate buckles on at least one of their two sides, so either on the to Bulbs turned or on the side facing away from the bulb Page. However, it may also be provided on both sides of the lens plate To provide bulges.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention has the lens plate on the side facing the bulb to form the Micro-lenses have spherical recesses. This form of training allows the production of concave-convex micro-lenses, the one allow particularly homogeneous and sharp-edged design of the light cone.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention have the centers of the bulges and / or the centers of the recesses a distance of less than 5 mm. This allows for a special homogeneous formation of the light cone.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention have the centers of the bulges and / or the centers of the recesses a distance of less than 3 mm from each other. This will be the Homogeneity of the light cone further improved.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention have the centers of the bulges and / or the centers of the recesses a distance of less than 2 mm from each other. This will be the Homogeneity of the light cone further improved.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention have the vaults and / or the centers of the recesses a distance of more than 1 mm from each other.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Leuchte mit einem ersten, innerhalb eines Lichtkegels der Leuchte, und einem zweiten, außerhalb der Leuchte, angedeuteten Betrachter,

Fig. 2

schematisch etwa gemäß Ansichtspfeil II in Fig. 1 in Unteransicht die Leuchte gemäß Fig. 1 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Linsenplatte,

Fig. 3

schematisch einen Teilausschnitt der Linsenplatte etwa gemäß Ausschnittskreis III in Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung,

Fig. 4

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Linsenplatte in einer teilgeschnittenen Darstellung etwa gemäß Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Linsenplatte in einer vergrößerten Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4, und

Fig. 6

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Linsenplatte in einer Darstellung gemäß Fig. 3, ausschnittsweise und vergrößert, mit einer alternativen Anordnung von Mikro-Linsen.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the non-cited subclaims and with reference to the following description of the embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a lamp according to the invention with a first, within a light cone of the lamp, and a second, outside of the lamp, indicated viewer,

Fig. 2

1 is a bottom view of the luminaire according to FIG. 1 with a lens plate according to the invention, FIG.

Fig. 3

1 is an enlarged view of a partial section of the lens plate approximately according to detail circle III in FIG. 1, FIG.

Fig. 4

a first embodiment of the lens plate according to the invention in a partially sectioned view approximately along section line IV-IV in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

A second embodiment of the lens plate according to the invention in an enlarged view of FIG. 4, and

Fig. 6

a third embodiment of a lens plate according to the invention in a representation according to FIG. 3, fragmentary and enlarged, with an alternative arrangement of micro-lenses.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an inventive Lamp 10, which are installed for example in a ceiling wall 11 can. The luminaire 10 comprises a merely indicated luminaire housing 12, which surrounds an interior 13. In the embodiment is about In addition, a reflector element 14 indicated, which optionally Also part of the housing 12 may be.

In the interior 13 is in the embodiment as a compact Fluorescent lamp formed light source 15 arranged below is referred to as lighting. It is a particular spatially extended light source, for example a rod-shaped or a annular light source. Of course, depending on the type of light 10 also a plurality of lighting means 15 in one or more interior spaces 13 of the lamp 10 may be arranged.

The lamp 10 has a light exit opening 16, through which the light generated by the lamp 15 to form a light cone 17 exit. The light exit opening 16 is in the inventive Luminaire according to FIG. 1 of a lens plate 18 substantially completely locked.

The light cone 17 is relatively sharp-edged, so that between a dimmed area 19 and a lighted area 20 a relatively clear transition is recognizable.

The light cone 17 illuminates a section 21 of a bottom surface 22. It may, depending on the shape of the light exit opening 16 for example, around a circular section 21 or to a rectangular or polygonal trained section 21, the Of course, can also have curved edge lines.

A first viewer 23 is disposed within the light cone 17 and is thus located in the non-dimmed area 20. A second viewer 24 is arranged in the dimmed area 19, that is outside of the light cone 17.

The second viewer 24 enters the lens plate 18, and thus the entire light 10, as substantially homogeneous, dark surface opposite. The lens plate 18 is substantially free of bright, sparkling points of light and thus causes no dazzling for the dimmed in the Area 19 second viewer 24. the area of the room in which the second viewer 24 is located can thus be replaced by another, not shown light or a corresponding plurality of lights be illuminated, so that a lighting situation for example a second user 24 workstation can be reached by the user Lamp 10 is almost not affected.

Characterized in that the lens plate 18 to the second viewer 24 than in When it comes to the essential dark surface, it becomes clear that it is used for illumination of the section 21 of the bottom surface 22 available Amount of light almost lossless used to achieve the light cone 17 can be.

A not dimmed area 20, ie within the light cone 17th When viewing the lens plate 18, the first observer 23 may in the direction behind the lens plate 18 arranged illuminant 15 in their structure, that is, in their geometric form, virtually no longer dissolve. Also in this case, the lens plate 18 appears as a largely homogeneous, now bright light radiating element.

The lamp according to the invention can thus be used in many ways, and certain sections 21 of floor surfaces 22 or other building surfaces brighten with maximum light output, without for one or more in the dimmed area 19 observers in any way disturbing to act.

The indicated in Fig. 1 dimming α is arbitrary. He will on the one hand by the shape of the reflector element 14 of the lamp 10 and on the other hand achieved by the special arrangement of the micro-lenses, on which will be discussed in detail later. However, the dimming angle α should illustrate that between a dimmed area 19 and an illuminated, so not dimmed area 20 clearly different. The dimming angle α is for example 20 °, but if necessary also 30 ° or 40 °.

The lens plate 18 will now be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5:

FIG. 2 shows approximately in accordance with a bottom view according to arrow II in FIG. 1 the bottom of the lamp 10, of which practically only the lens plate 18th is recognizable. For the sake of clarity, the light exit opening 16 surrounding edge portion 25 of the housing 12 of the lamp 10 in Fig. 2 omitted.

The lens plate 18 is with its outer contour K to the not shown Adjusted inner contour of the light exit opening 16 and closes these thus substantially complete.

Fig. 2 shows a bottom view of the lens plate 18 schematically, already it can be seen that this has a honeycomb structure. This is however merely by way of example and will be described below with reference to FIG. 3 explained in detail:

A plurality of honeycombs 26 are arranged directly next to one another, so that they touch each adjacent. Along the cutting line IV-IV of Fig. 3 are, for example, the honeycomb 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d and 26e, which form a linear series. Each honeycomb 26, 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e By itself, a single micro-lens 27 is formed. Every micro-lens 27 is thus arranged immediately adjacent to another micro-lens 27 and adjoins this. In the embodiment, moreover, each Micro-lens 27, except for the peripherally arranged micro-lenses, complete surrounded by more micro-lenses.

The microlenses 27 are, as is apparent from Fig. 4 by way of example, first by a corresponding structuring of the to be illuminated Bottom surface 21 facing side 28 of the lens plate 18 is reached.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, only the outside 28 is provided the lens plate 18 structured, and the inside 29, so the light bulb 15 facing side of the lens plate 18, formed substantially smooth.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the micro-lenses 27 have been achieved by spherical bulges 30. The underside 28 according to FIG. 4 Thus, when considering a cross section of the lens plate, it appears as linear Sequence of circular arc sections 31, each arc section 31 each to a vertex S of a corresponding curvature 30th is symmetrical. In other words, the result in Fig. 4 schematically along the section line IV-IV in Fig. 3 illustrated cross-sectional view alike when viewing the lens plate 18 of FIG. 3 along the cutting line IV'-IV 'as well as along the section line IV "-IV".

Each curvature 30 may represent, for example, a hemisphere. It can at the curvature 30 but also a cut off ball cap act. As a ball cap (one speaks of ball section) is understood the geometric body that arises when you make a sphere divided by a cut along a cutting plane in two parts, wherein a ball cap is that severed part of the ball, the smaller or is equal to a hemisphere.

It is crucial that each arc section 31 with a curvature constant radius, so that each curvature 30 a micro-lens 27 is formed.

As can readily be seen in viewing Fig. 4, it is in the case of the micro-lens 27 in each case around a converging lens.

In an alternative embodiment of FIG. 5 is also the Inside 29 of the lens plate 18 structured and has spherical, of the Illuminant 15 directed recesses 32.

In each case a recess 32 and a curvature 30 are aligned with each other arranged and each form a micro-lens 27. Again, in turn clearly that each micro-lens 27 is a converging lens.

The recesses 32 in turn have the geometric shape of a Ball cap. Again, it is important that the circular arc sections 33 each follow a line of curvature of constant radius. Preferably, the Radius of the circular arc portions 33 of the recesses 32 greater than that Radius of the circular arc sections 31 of the bulges 30.

By flush arrangement of recesses 32 and bulges 30th arise each convex-concave micro-lenses 27th

Looking at Figs. 4 and 5 it is clear that in each case two directly adjacent cambers 30 and, if present, two adjacent recesses 32 have a distance ΔS. It is measured In this case, for example, the distance between two respective vertices S of the Buckling 30. If recesses 32, as in the embodiment According to FIG. 5, are present within the meaning of the invention, respectively lowest point of the spherical recess 32 equally as a vertex designated.

The lens plate 18 is preferably made of plastic, for example made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or PC (polycarbonate). In particular is a clear or dull, translucent plastic beneficial to to influence the light output only slightly.

To produce the structured surfaces 28 and 29, the lens plate 18 may be formed, for example, as an injection molded part, wherein the Tool mold for the plastic according to elaborated counter-curvatures and counter-recesses must have.

However, it is also conceivable that the surfaces 28 and 29 through Processing a substantially flat surface can be achieved for example, by special rolling or embossing process. Also one Abrasive machining comes with suitable tools for this purpose.

The resulting in Fig. 2 honeycomb pattern is shown only by way of example. Of course, other patterns come into consideration.

6 shows alternatively schematically in bottom view a third embodiment, in which the bulges 30 also directly to each other are arranged adjacent and touch each other in some areas 34 and in overlap other areas 34 '.

Due to the slightly different arrangement of the vaults 30 and so that the micro-lenses 27 on the lens plate 18 arise here relatively small-surface intermediate portions 35, which are undesirable in itself. As far as these intermediate sections 35, which are not part of the bulges 30th but in their total area compared to that of vaulting 30 Area of the lens plate 18 clearly in the background, their presence tolerated.

The radius of the circular arc sections 31 of the bulges 30 and the Radius of the circular arc sections 33 of the recesses 32 depends directly with the focal length of the trained as a converging lens micro-lens 27th together. The radii of curvature are therefore in adaptation to the geometry the lamp selected. In particular, the distance of the light source plays 15 to the lens plate 18 in the context of a special role. Also, the dimming angle α is determined by these variables.

Claims (14)

Luminaire (10) having a luminaire housing (12) which surrounds an interior space (13) in which at least one luminous means (15), eg a fluorescent lamp, is arranged, and with at least one light exit opening (16) through which light passes a surface (21) to be illuminated, in particular a bottom surface (12) of a building, is thrown, characterized in that a lens plate (18) is provided in the region of the light exit opening (16) to obtain a sharp-edged, in particular substantially homogeneous light cone (17) ) is arranged with a plurality of micro-lenses (27). Luminaire according to claim 1, characterized in that the micro-lenses (27) are immediately adjacent to each other. Luminaire according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the micro-lenses (27) are formed on the basis of a structuring of at least one surface (28, 29) of the lens plate. Luminaire according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lens plate on the side facing away from the light source and / or on the side facing the lamp (28, 29) for forming the micro-lenses (27) spherical, outwardly directed curvatures ( 30). Luminaire according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lens plate (18) on the side facing the light source (29) side for forming the micro-lenses (27) has spherical recesses (32). Luminaire according to claim 4 and / or claim 5, characterized in that the centers (S) of the bulges (30) and / or the centers (S) of the recesses (32) have a distance (ΔS) of less than 5 mm from each other. Luminaire according to claim 6, characterized in that the centers (S) of the bulges (30) and / or the centers (S) of the recesses (32) have a distance (ΔS) of less than 3 mm from each other. Luminaire according to claim 7, characterized in that the centers (S) of the bulges (30) and / or the centers (S) of the recesses (32) have a distance (ΔS) of less than 2 mm from each other. Luminaire according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the centers (S) of the bulges (30) and / or the centers (S) of the recesses (32) have a distance (ΔS) of more than 1 mm from each other. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lens plate (18) has bulges (30) and recesses (32) which are aligned with each other. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lens plate (18) made of plastic, in particular of PMMA. Luminaire according to claim 11, characterized in that the lens plate (18) is designed as an injection molded part. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lens plate (18) is integrally formed. Luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light exit opening (16) is substantially completely closed by the micro-lenses (27).

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