EP3408584B1 - Light with pyramid-shaped or conical cover - Google Patents

Light with pyramid-shaped or conical cover Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3408584B1
EP3408584B1 EP17703055.8A EP17703055A EP3408584B1 EP 3408584 B1 EP3408584 B1 EP 3408584B1 EP 17703055 A EP17703055 A EP 17703055A EP 3408584 B1 EP3408584 B1 EP 3408584B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
reflector
cover
luminaire according
leds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17703055.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3408584A1 (en
Inventor
Tobias Schmidt
Alexander Faller
Stephan Lukanow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siteco GmbH
Original Assignee
Siteco GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siteco GmbH filed Critical Siteco GmbH
Priority to RS20220394A priority Critical patent/RS63153B1/en
Publication of EP3408584A1 publication Critical patent/EP3408584A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3408584B1 publication Critical patent/EP3408584B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F21V3/049—Patterns or structured surfaces for diffusing light, e.g. frosted surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/02—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by the shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
    • F21V5/004—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light using microlenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0025—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/30—Lighting for domestic or personal use
    • F21W2131/301—Lighting for domestic or personal use for furniture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F21Y2105/12—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements characterised by the geometrical disposition of the light-generating elements, e.g. arranging light-generating elements in differing patterns or densities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F21Y2105/14—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements characterised by the overall shape of the two-dimensional array
    • F21Y2105/16—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements characterised by the overall shape of the two-dimensional array square or rectangular, e.g. for light panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F21Y2105/14—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements characterised by the overall shape of the two-dimensional array
    • F21Y2105/18—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements characterised by the overall shape of the two-dimensional array annular; polygonal other than square or rectangular, e.g. for spotlights or for generating an axially symmetrical light beam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
    • F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
    • F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21Y2115/15—Organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lamp with a light source made up of at least one LED, a reflector and a transparent cover.
  • Luminaires which contain LEDs (which also include OLEDs) as light sources easily tend to dazzle a viewer because the light sources are almost point-like. Furthermore, depending on where the light is used, e.g. as an office light, a light distribution is desired that is weak enough at high beam angles compared to the normal perpendicular to the light exit surface to prevent glare.
  • Such light distributions for glare-free lights in the interior are achieved, for example, by special covering of the lights to reduce glare.
  • Such covers may contain microstructures or textures that cause some light scattering.
  • the covers are also available as relatively thin foils.
  • U.S. 2015/029717 A1 discloses various forms of optical diffusers for producing a batwing light distribution that include a microstructure. According to one embodiment it is provided that the cover extends from the edge of a reflector in the direction of the light source.
  • US 5,309,544A discloses a lamp having a light pipe.
  • the light guide comprises a tube with a textured outer surface and smooth inner surfaces.
  • a reflective light extractor is positioned in the tube such that the light extracted by the extractor impinges the tube on a first side.
  • the first side of the extractor is indented lengthwise towards the interior of the light guide.
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop a generic luminaire in order to provide a glare-free, soft light distribution with a sufficient half-width for use as a recessed or surface-mounted ceiling luminaire or suspended ceiling luminaire, e.g. for office lighting.
  • a special feature of the lamp is that the flat, translucent cover extends inwards into the reflector, i.e. in the direction of the light source, in relation to the plane of the light exit opening, preferably with a point.
  • the light influenced by the microstructures in the cover is not emitted in the plane of the light exit opening, but is instead deflected in the direction of the central axis of the lamp. In this way, an effect similar to that of the slats of a conventional lamp can be achieved.
  • the light distribution at high beam angles, e.g. at angles above 85°, 80° or 65°, is reduced in order to improve the glare reduction of the luminaire.
  • the shape of the light-directing cover is defined by the side wall of a pyramid or cone, with the base of the pyramid or cone lying in the imaginary plane defined by the edge of the reflector.
  • the pyramid or cone shape has the advantage that the angle of inclination of the cover relative to the notional plane, which can be arranged parallel to the ceiling, is always constant.
  • an angle formed in a cross-section perpendicular to the notional plane between the surface of the light-transmitting cover and the notional plane is less than 30°, preferably less than 20° or 15°.
  • This flat angle is sufficient to achieve the effect that the light output is reduced or shielded in solid angle ranges above, for example, 85°, in particular 80° or 65°.
  • the flat angle of inclination prevents light from being deflected to the opposite side of the lamp to a significant extent to such an extent that it is emitted on the side opposite the central axis into a solid angle range above a desired shielding angle.
  • the shape of the cover in combination with the microstructure elements ensures that the light is scattered by the microstructures on the one hand to prevent reflected glare and on the other hand that excessive beam angles are avoided to prevent direct glare from shielding.
  • the height of the translucent covers, with which they protrude from the imaginary plane into the reflector is limited to 1/5 or preferably 1/8 of the largest diameter in the imaginary plane. This height-to-width ratio of the cover ensures that, as explained above, the emission of light is prevented or at least reduced above a critical angle in relation to the normal of the luminaire.
  • the microstructures include textures on a surface of the cover that faces the light source and/or that faces away from the light source.
  • the textures can comprise lens-shaped or prism-shaped elevations and/or depressions.
  • the elevations and/or depressions can be arranged regularly or irregularly.
  • the shape of the textures should contribute to the light being scattered or expanded locally on the cover. The inclination of the cover relative to the light exit opening then improves the preferred shielding for glare control.
  • the microstructures can also be formed by scattering particles in the material of the cover and/or on a surface of the cover.
  • the scattering particles have a similar function to the surface textures, ie they produce local light scattering. Textures or stray particles on the inside of the cover have the advantage that they are not damaged when the cover is cleaned. On the other hand, textures and scattering particles on the outside have the advantage that no reflections are visible on the otherwise flat surface when looking at the cover.
  • an additional reflector is provided, which adjoins the peripheral edge on the side of the cover facing away from the light source.
  • the additional reflector can serve as a cut-off reflector that improves the shielding of the light distribution.
  • the reflector and the additional reflector can also be connected to each other in one piece, in which case the peripheral edge of the reflector, as previously mentioned, is formed by the edge against which the transparent cover abuts the composite reflector.
  • the reflector and/or the additional reflector can have a high-gloss finish. This embodiment achieves a high lamp efficiency.
  • the reflector and/or the additional reflector can preferably also be designed to be diffusely reflective, in particular matt white. These embodiments further reduce the risk of possible glare.
  • the light source may comprise an array of LEDs arranged in a plane at the bottom of the reflector.
  • the distribution of the light is already more favorable at the location of the light source, ie better distributed.
  • different light colors of the LEDs can be mixed by the several LEDs. It is also possible for the LEDs to be arranged in groups together, with each point in the array preferably having one when using multicolored LEDs Includes group of LEDs with each color. This allows different colors to be mixed. If necessary, the differently colored LEDs can also be controlled separately from one another in order to change the light color of the lamp.
  • the LEDs or groups of LEDs are evenly distributed over the bottom of the reflector.
  • the LEDs are arranged along a peripheral edge of the bottom of the reflector.
  • the latter has the advantage that the portion of the light reflected by the reflectors arranged on the side is increased compared to a planar arrangement of the LEDs on the ground. This can also contribute to the glare reduction of the lamp.
  • the even distribution of the LEDs on the floor has the advantage that the surface of the translucent cover is illuminated more evenly, so that when viewed from the outside, the light outlet openings of the luminaire appear evenly bright.
  • the smallest distance of each LED or each LED group to the nearest neighbor is greater than 10 mm.
  • a primary lens is associated with each LED, for example to expand or focus the light of each LED towards the cover.
  • Combinations of different primary lenses are also possible.
  • the primary lenses in an outer ring and/or one or more primary lenses in the center of the LED array have a different radius of curvature than the primary lenses of the remaining LEDs in the array. This allows different light effects to be created in the area in which the light from the LEDs is primarily reflected on the side reflector walls, and the light that primarily strikes the top of the inward-facing cover of the lamp directly.
  • At least some primary lenses are flattened at their apex. This causes a combination of focusing in the edge area of the LED and defocusing in the central area of the LED.
  • the flattening of the crests can also be different depending on the position of the primary lens in the LED array.
  • the flats of the lenses in concentric rings of the LED array may each increase or decrease in a graduated manner to cause the light from each LED in the array to produce approximately the same light distribution after penetrating the light transmissive cover.
  • the differently flattened crests can also be combined with the different radii of curvature, as previously described.
  • the LEDs have different colors.
  • the combination of cold and warm light sources is therefore ideal for illuminating an interior space, such as an office. It is also possible to control the light sources of different colors separately, so that the mixed color of the luminaire can be selected by dimming the light sources differently.
  • the lamp has a base plate 2, which can be formed in particular by a PCB (Printed Circuit Board).
  • a base plate which is flat, is an arrangement provided by several LEDs 4 on one side.
  • the LEDs 4 are evenly distributed over the base plate 2 and are electrically connected to electrical conductor tracks on the base plate.
  • a reflector 6 extends, which in the illustrated embodiment according to FIG figure 1 in each horizontal section perpendicular to the plane of the image figure 1 defines a square.
  • the reflector 6 is reflective on the inward-facing side.
  • one embodiment provides for the reflector walls to be matt white.
  • the peripheral edge of the reflector forms a light exit opening. This is closed with a cover 8 .
  • the cover 8 is shown in a perspective view in figure 4 and in a side view in figure 5 shown as a single part.
  • the cover 8 is formed from an optically transparent material.
  • the cover 8 has a multiplicity of microstructures on its surface, which are embodied in particular as microlenses or microprisms on a surface of the cover 8 .
  • the microstructures can be distributed on the cover 8 regularly or irregularly. According to FIG. 4 it can be seen that the microstructures are arranged in a regular pattern.
  • the microstructures of the cover 8 have the effect that the light that passes through the cover 8 is deflected laterally. In particular, the microstructures ensure that some of the light is scattered.
  • a special feature of the cover 8 is that it extends inward in the direction of the LEDs 4 in the shape of a pyramid. As a result, there is an angle ⁇ between each side of the cover 8 and a plane parallel to the base 2 or parallel to the plane of the light exit opening formed by the peripheral edge of the reflector 6. In the illustrated embodiments, the angle of inclination ⁇ is 10°. The angle is preferably less than 30° or in particular less than 20°. The shallow angle has the effect that the light is not only scattered at the cover 8, but is also deflected somewhat in the direction of a central axis z of the luminaire.
  • a desired light distribution of the luminaire can be generated which, with large beam angles in relation to the optical axis z (see Fig figure 1 ) falls off more than a uniformly illuminated flat plate (ie the luminaire has a light distribution in a C-plane that is narrower than a Lambertian distribution).
  • improved shielding of the lamp can be achieved as a result.
  • the material of the cover 8 can in particular be a transparent plastic or a glass.
  • the microstructures can in particular be in the form of pyramid-shaped optical elements or lens-shaped optical elements in the surface of the material as a depression or elevation.
  • the pyramidal or lens-shaped indentations, or generally any type of surface texture suitable for causing light expansion, in particular light scattering, can be provided on the side facing towards the illuminant or on the opposite outside of the cover 8 .
  • scattering centers can also be provided within the material or on a surface of the material of the cover 8. Scattering centers can be formed, for example, by small particles in an otherwise transparent glass or plastic material.
  • a kind of frosted glass can be formed by treating the surface by etching or sandblasting.
  • a lamp according to the figure 1 in perspective view is in the figure 6 shown.
  • the light is designed as a recessed or surface-mounted ceiling light.
  • a wide edge preferably extends around the cover 8 in the light exit opening.
  • the luminaire can be integrated into a ceiling or attached to a ceiling.
  • the lamp can also be mounted at a distance from the ceiling, for example as a pendant lamp or floor lamp.
  • the lamp is preferably constructed in such a way that it is mounted with the light exit opening pointing downwards in the direction of an interior space to be illuminated.
  • the light distribution produced by the cover 8 is suitable for this type of lamp installation.
  • the Figures 2 and 3 show alternative embodiments of the lamp.
  • a further reflector 7 is provided on the side of the cover 8 facing away from the illuminant.
  • the reflector serves as a cut-off reflector to improve the shielding of the lamp.
  • the inward-pointing sides of the further reflector 7 are, in particular, of high-gloss design. It is also possible for the reflectors 6 and 7 to be formed in one piece with one another and for the cover 8 to be integrated therein.
  • an array of primary lenses 10 is also provided over the LEDs 4 .
  • the primary lenses 10 can be connected to one another in one piece, as shown in FIGS Figures 13 to 17 shown. As explained below, the primary lenses 10 can have special shapes in order to support the formation of a desired light distribution in combination with the cover 8 .
  • the lamp of the invention is shown without the cover 8. Therefore, the top view of the array of LEDs 4 is visible.
  • the figure 7 includes a LED array 4x3 LEDs.
  • An alternative embodiment is figure 8 shown. Here the LEDs are only arranged on the edge of the base 2 within the reflector 8 .
  • figure 9 shows the lamp figure 8 , primary lenses 10 being arranged above the LEDs.
  • Embodiments as in figure 7 with a diffusely reflecting reflector produce a light distribution in a C-plane, which is shown schematically in FIG figure 11 is shown.
  • the light distribution has a maximum at 0° and falls relatively quickly in the direction of ⁇ 90°.
  • the figure 12 a schematic light distribution in a C-plane of a lamp with a highly specular (specular) reflector, as for example in the figure 3 is shown.
  • the light distribution has a local minimum at 0° and increases towards the flanks up to about ⁇ 15° and then falls relatively quickly towards ⁇ 90°.
  • FIGS 10a to 10d show various embodiments of LED arrays that can be combined with the lights as previously described.
  • the light distributions that are achieved with the LED arrays described above can be generated in particular with LEDs of different colors.
  • LEDs of different colors For example, it is preferable to use the LEDs with a warm light color according to the arrangement in Figure 10c to be provided while LEDs with a colder light color according to the arrangement in the Figure 10d are provided. Both arrangements are combined so that when all LED positions are occupied, an LED array corresponding to the Figure 10a is formed.
  • the different colors have different light distributions.
  • the groups of LEDs can be controlled differently, so that only a warm white or only a cold white light is generated as desired.
  • the light colors can also be controlled separately from one another in this embodiment.
  • the distance from an LED to its perpendicular neighbor according to Figure 10b is, for example, between 10 and 20 mm, in particular about 16 mm.
  • the offset to arranged LEDs according to the array after Figure 10a are spaced halfway apart.
  • the distances between the LEDs in the array are relatively large, so that they would be perceived by the observer as individual points of light if they were viewed directly.
  • the cover 8 ensures that the individual points of light are no longer visible and that the viewer perceives an approximately uniformly illuminated area.
  • an array of primary lenses 10, as in figure 13 shown, are placed directly above the LEDs 4.
  • the figure 14 shows a section through the arrangement of the primary lenses figure 13 .
  • the individual primary lenses On the side facing the LEDs, the individual primary lenses have an entry surface 14 which is surrounded by a cone 16 .
  • the cone has an angle to the optical axis of the LED, so that total reflection takes place at the cone surfaces.
  • the entrance surface 14 in combination with the cone 16 therefore enables the light to be efficiently coupled into the primary lens.
  • the primary lenses can have different radii of curvature, as in FIG figure 15 shown.
  • the primary lenses in a middle ring of the primary lens array have a radius R1.
  • the outer primary lenses have a radius R2 and the center primary lens has a radius R1.
  • a desired light distribution curve can be generated by distributing the radii over the lenses.
  • the primary lenses On the side opposite the LEDs, the primary lenses also have flattened vertices 20, 21 or 22 as in FIG figure 16 shown.
  • the primary lenses 20 at the edge of the array have a flattened crest with a larger diameter D1 than the primary lenses 21 and 22 provided within the array.
  • the primary lenses 21 have a truncated vertex with a diameter D2 and the primary lenses 22 have a truncated vertex with a diameter D3, where D1>D2>D3.
  • the flattened apex of the lenses has the effect that the light distribution after the cover 8 from the LED arrays Figures 10c and 10d or a combination of the two, as in Figure 10a shown, each is the same shape.
  • the LEDs in an array can be Figure 10c and 10d each have different colors. Both LED arrays are superimposed on the arrangement below Figure 10a and thus have the same light distribution curve after penetrating the cover 8, so that both light colors mix homogeneously.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated square arrangement of the LED arrays and the light exit surface of the reflector. Round symmetries can also be used, in particular in connection with, for example, conical transparent covers 8 .
  • conical transparent covers 8 can also be used, in particular in connection with, for example, conical transparent covers 8 .
  • rectangular shapes for the light exit surface or the cover are also possible. In this case, for example, a flat pyramidal cover with a rectangular base can be used.
  • the covers are preferably designed to be flat, ie the shorter side is, for example, at least half of a longer side in order to achieve similar optical effects in all directions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Leuchte mit einer Lichtquelle aus wenigstens einer LED, einem Reflektor sowie einer transparenten Abdeckung.The present invention relates to a lamp with a light source made up of at least one LED, a reflector and a transparent cover.

Leuchten, welche LEDs (worunter auch OLEDs zu verstehen sind) als Lichtquellen enthalten, neigen leicht dazu, einen Betrachter zu blenden, weil die Lichtquellen nahezu punktförmig sind. Ferner ist abhängig von dem Einsatzort der Leuchte, z.B. als Büroleuchte, eine Lichtverteilung gewünscht, die bei hohen Abstrahlwinkeln gegenüber der Normalen senkrecht zur Lichtaustrittsfläche schwach genug ist, um eine Blendung zu verhindern.Luminaires which contain LEDs (which also include OLEDs) as light sources easily tend to dazzle a viewer because the light sources are almost point-like. Furthermore, depending on where the light is used, e.g. as an office light, a light distribution is desired that is weak enough at high beam angles compared to the normal perpendicular to the light exit surface to prevent glare.

Derartige Lichtverteilungen für blendfreie Leuchten im Innenraum werden beispielsweise durch spezielle Abdeckung der Leuchten zur Entblendung erzielt. Solche Abdeckungen können Mikrostrukturen oder Texturen enthalten, welche in einem gewissen Umfang eine Lichtstreuung bewirken. Die Abdeckungen sind auch als verhältnismäßig dünne Folien erhältlich.Such light distributions for glare-free lights in the interior are achieved, for example, by special covering of the lights to reduce glare. Such covers may contain microstructures or textures that cause some light scattering. The covers are also available as relatively thin foils.

Ferner ist es auch bekannt, derartige Entblendungsabdeckungen in Kombination mit Reflektoren zu verwenden, um den Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Leuchte zu erhöhen.Furthermore, it is also known to use such anti-glare covers in combination with reflectors in order to increase the overall efficiency of the lamp.

US 2015/029717 A1 offenbart verschiedene Formen von optischen Diffusoren zum Erzeugen einer Batwing-Lichtverteilung, welche eine Mikrostruktur aufweisen. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass sich die Abdeckung vom Rand eines Reflektors in Richtung zur Lichtquelle erstreckt. U.S. 2015/029717 A1 discloses various forms of optical diffusers for producing a batwing light distribution that include a microstructure. According to one embodiment it is provided that the cover extends from the edge of a reflector in the direction of the light source.

US 5,309,544 A offenbart eine Leuchte mit einem Hohllichtleiter. Der Lichtleiter umfasst eine Röhre mit einer strukturierten Außenfläche und glatten Innenflächen. Ein reflektierender Lichtextraktor ist in der Röhre so positioniert, dass das vom Extraktor extrahierte Licht auf einer ersten Seite auf die Röhre auftrifft. Die erste Seite des Extraktors weist der Länge nach eine Vertiefung in Richtung zum Inneren des Lichtleiters auf. US 5,309,544A discloses a lamp having a light pipe. The light guide comprises a tube with a textured outer surface and smooth inner surfaces. A reflective light extractor is positioned in the tube such that the light extracted by the extractor impinges the tube on a first side. The first side of the extractor is indented lengthwise towards the interior of the light guide.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine gattungsgemäße Leuchte weiterzubilden, um eine blendfreie weiche Lichtverteilung mit einer ausreichenden Halbwertsbreite für die Anwendung als Deckeneinbau- oder -anbauleuchte oder abgehängte Deckenleuchten, z.B. für eine Bürobeleuchtung, bereitzustellen.The object of the present invention is to further develop a generic luminaire in order to provide a glare-free, soft light distribution with a sufficient half-width for use as a recessed or surface-mounted ceiling luminaire or suspended ceiling luminaire, e.g. for office lighting.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch eine Leuchte nach Anspruch 1.The problem is solved by a lamp according to claim 1.

Eine Besonderheit der Leuchte besteht darin, dass die flächige lichtdurchlässige Abdeckung sich gegenüber der Ebene der Lichtaustrittsöffnung nach innen in den Reflektor, d.h. in Richtung zu der Lichtquelle, vorzugsweise mit einer Spitze, erstreckt. Dadurch wird das von den Mikrostrukturen in der Abdeckung beeinflusste Licht nicht in der Ebene der Lichtaustrittsöffnung abgegeben, sondern wird in Richtung zu der zentralen Mittelachse der Leuchte abgelenkt. Damit lässt sich ein ähnlicher Effekt wie durch Lamellen einer herkömmlichen Leuchte erzielen. Die Lichtverteilung bei hohen Abstrahlwinkeln, z.B. bei Winkeln oberhalb von 85°, 80° oder 65°, wird verringert, um die Entblendung der Leuchte zu verbessern.A special feature of the lamp is that the flat, translucent cover extends inwards into the reflector, i.e. in the direction of the light source, in relation to the plane of the light exit opening, preferably with a point. As a result, the light influenced by the microstructures in the cover is not emitted in the plane of the light exit opening, but is instead deflected in the direction of the central axis of the lamp. In this way, an effect similar to that of the slats of a conventional lamp can be achieved. The light distribution at high beam angles, e.g. at angles above 85°, 80° or 65°, is reduced in order to improve the glare reduction of the luminaire.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Form der lichtlenkenden Abdeckung durch die Seitenwand einer Pyramide oder eines Kegels definiert, wobei die Grundseite der Pyramide oder des Kegels in der fiktiven Ebenen liegt, die durch den Rand des Reflektors definiert ist. Die Pyramiden- oder Kegelform hat den Vorteil, dass der Neigungswinkel der Abdeckung gegenüber der fiktiven Ebene, die parallel zur Raumdecke angeordnet sein kann, immer konstant ist.According to the invention, the shape of the light-directing cover is defined by the side wall of a pyramid or cone, with the base of the pyramid or cone lying in the imaginary plane defined by the edge of the reflector. The pyramid or cone shape has the advantage that the angle of inclination of the cover relative to the notional plane, which can be arranged parallel to the ceiling, is always constant.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein Winkel, welcher in einem Querschnitt senkrecht zu der fiktiven Ebene zwischen der Fläche der lichtdurchlässigen Abdeckung und der fiktiven Ebene gebildet wird, kleiner als 30°, vorzugsweise kleiner als 20° oder 15°. Dieser flache Winkel ist ausreichend, um den Effekt zu erzielen, dass die Lichtabgabe in Raumwinkelbereiche oberhalb von z.B. 85°, insbesondere 80° oder 65°, verringert oder abgeschirmt wird. Bei dem flachen Neigungswinkel wird nämlich verhindert, dass Licht in einem nennenswerten Umfang soweit zu der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Leuchte umgelenkt wird, dass es auf der der zentralen Achse gegenüberliegenden Seite in einen Raumwinkelbereich oberhalb eines gewünschten Abschirmungswinkels abgegeben wird. Die Form der Abdeckung in Kombination mit den Mikrostrukturelementen sorgt demnach dafür, dass das Licht einerseits von den Mikrostrukturen gestreut wird, um eine Reflexblendung zu verhindern, und andererseits zu hohe Abstrahlwinkel vermieden werden, um eine Direktblendung durch Abschirmung zu verhindern. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Höhe der lichtdurchlässigen Abdeckungen, mit der sie von der fiktiven Ebene in den Reflektor ragt, auf 1/5 oder vorzugsweise 1/8 des größten Durchmessers in der fiktiven Ebene begrenzt. Dieses Höhen zu Breiten Verhältnis der Abdeckung sorgt dafür, dass, wie vorhergehend erläutert, die Lichtabgabe oberhalb eines Grenzwinkels gegenüber der Leuchtennormalen verhindert oder wenigstens reduziert wird.According to a preferred embodiment, an angle formed in a cross-section perpendicular to the notional plane between the surface of the light-transmitting cover and the notional plane is less than 30°, preferably less than 20° or 15°. This flat angle is sufficient to achieve the effect that the light output is reduced or shielded in solid angle ranges above, for example, 85°, in particular 80° or 65°. The flat angle of inclination prevents light from being deflected to the opposite side of the lamp to a significant extent to such an extent that it is emitted on the side opposite the central axis into a solid angle range above a desired shielding angle. The shape of the cover in combination with the microstructure elements ensures that the light is scattered by the microstructures on the one hand to prevent reflected glare and on the other hand that excessive beam angles are avoided to prevent direct glare from shielding. According to the invention, the height of the translucent covers, with which they protrude from the imaginary plane into the reflector, is limited to 1/5 or preferably 1/8 of the largest diameter in the imaginary plane. This height-to-width ratio of the cover ensures that, as explained above, the emission of light is prevented or at least reduced above a critical angle in relation to the normal of the luminaire.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfassen die Mikrostrukturen Texturen auf einer der Lichtquelle zugewandten und/oder der Lichtquelle abgewandten Oberfläche der Abdeckung. Die Texturen können insbesondere linsenförmige oder prismenförmige Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen umfassen. Die Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen können regelmäßig oder unregelmäßig angeordnet sein. Die Form der Texturen soll dazu beitragen, dass das Licht lokal an der Abdeckung gestreut oder aufgeweitet wird. Die Neigung der Abdeckung gegenüber der Lichtaustrittsöffnung verbessert dann die bevorzugte Abschirmung zur Entblendung.According to a preferred embodiment, the microstructures include textures on a surface of the cover that faces the light source and/or that faces away from the light source. In particular, the textures can comprise lens-shaped or prism-shaped elevations and/or depressions. The elevations and/or depressions can be arranged regularly or irregularly. The shape of the textures should contribute to the light being scattered or expanded locally on the cover. The inclination of the cover relative to the light exit opening then improves the preferred shielding for glare control.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können die Mikrostrukturen auch durch Streupartikel in dem Material der Abdeckung und/oder auf einer Oberfläche der Abdeckung gebildet sein. Die Streupartikel haben eine ähnliche Funktion wie die Oberflächentexturen, d.h. sie erzeugen lokal eine Lichtstreuung. Texturen oder Streupartikel auf der Innenseite der Abdeckung haben den Vorteil, dass sie bei Reinigungsarbeiten der Abdeckung nicht beschädigt werden. Andererseits haben Texturen und Streupartikel an der Außenseite den Vorteil, dass bei Aufsicht auf die Abdeckung keine Reflexionen auf der sonst ebenen Fläche sichtbar sind.According to a preferred embodiment, the microstructures can also be formed by scattering particles in the material of the cover and/or on a surface of the cover. The scattering particles have a similar function to the surface textures, ie they produce local light scattering. Textures or stray particles on the inside of the cover have the advantage that they are not damaged when the cover is cleaned. On the other hand, textures and scattering particles on the outside have the advantage that no reflections are visible on the otherwise flat surface when looking at the cover.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein zusätzlicher Reflektor vorgesehen, der sich an den umlaufenden Rand auf der der Lichtquelle abgewandten Seite der Abdeckung anschließt. Der zusätzliche Reflektor kann als Cutoff-Reflektor dienen, der die Abschirmung der Lichtverteilung verbessert. Der Reflektor und der zusätzliche Reflektor können auch einstückig miteinander verbunden sein, wobei der umlaufende Rand des Reflektors, wie vorhergehend erwähnt, in diesem Fall durch den Rand gebildet ist, an welchem die transparente Abdeckung an dem zusammengesetzten Reflektor anliegt.According to a preferred embodiment, an additional reflector is provided, which adjoins the peripheral edge on the side of the cover facing away from the light source. The additional reflector can serve as a cut-off reflector that improves the shielding of the light distribution. The reflector and the additional reflector can also be connected to each other in one piece, in which case the peripheral edge of the reflector, as previously mentioned, is formed by the edge against which the transparent cover abuts the composite reflector.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann der Reflektor und/oder der zusätzliche Reflektor hochglänzend ausgebildet sein. Diese Ausführungsform erzielt einen hohen Leuchtenwirkungsgrad. Bevorzugt kann der Reflektor und/oder der Zusatzreflektor jedoch auch diffus reflektierend, insbesondere mattweiß, ausgebildet sein. Diese Ausführungsformen verringern weiter die Gefahr einer möglichen Blendung.According to a preferred embodiment, the reflector and/or the additional reflector can have a high-gloss finish. This embodiment achieves a high lamp efficiency. However, the reflector and/or the additional reflector can preferably also be designed to be diffusely reflective, in particular matt white. These embodiments further reduce the risk of possible glare.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann die Lichtquelle ein Array von LEDs umfassen, die in einer Ebene am Boden des Reflektors angeordnet sind. Im Unterschied zu einer einzelnen LED ist bei einer Array von LEDs die Verteilung des Lichts bereits am Ort der Lichtquelle günstiger, d.h. besser verteilt. Ferner lassen sich durch die mehreren LEDs unterschiedliche Lichtfarben der LEDs mischen. Es ist auch möglich, dass die LEDs gruppenweise zusammen angeordnet sind, wobei vorzugsweise bei Verwendung mehrfarbiger LEDs jeder Punkt in dem Array eine Gruppe von LEDs mit jeder Farbe umfasst. Dadurch lassen sich verschiedene Farben mischen. Gegebenenfalls können die unterschiedlich farbigen LEDs auch getrennt voneinander angesteuert werden, um die Lichtfarbe der Leuchte zu ändern.According to a preferred embodiment, the light source may comprise an array of LEDs arranged in a plane at the bottom of the reflector. In contrast to a single LED, with an array of LEDs the distribution of the light is already more favorable at the location of the light source, ie better distributed. Furthermore, different light colors of the LEDs can be mixed by the several LEDs. It is also possible for the LEDs to be arranged in groups together, with each point in the array preferably having one when using multicolored LEDs Includes group of LEDs with each color. This allows different colors to be mixed. If necessary, the differently colored LEDs can also be controlled separately from one another in order to change the light color of the lamp.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die LEDs oder Gruppen von LEDs gleichmäßig über den Boden des Reflektors verteilt. Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass die LEDs entlang eines Umfangrandes des Bodens des Reflektors angeordnet sind. Letzteres hat den Vorteil, dass der von den seitlich angeordneten Reflektor reflektierte Anteil des Lichts gegenüber einer flächigen Anordnung der LEDs auf den Boden erhöht ist. Dies kann ebenfalls zur Entblendung der Leuchte beitragen. Die gleichmäßige Verteilung der LEDs auf dem Boden hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass die Fläche der lichtdurchlässigen Abdeckung gleichmäßiger beleuchtet wird, so dass von außen betrachtet die Lichtaustrittsöffnungen der Leuchte gleichmäßig hell erscheint. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der kleinste Abstand jeder LED oder jeder LED-Gruppe zu dem nächsten Nachbarn größer als 10 mm. Dies ist für ein LED-Array bereits ein relativ großer Abstand der LEDs, den der Betrachter normalerweise als störend empfindet, weil er die LEDs als einzelne getrennte Lichtpunkte wahrnimmt. Durch die Kombination mit der erfindungsgemäßen Abdeckung wird jedoch dieser Nachteil überwunden. Es ist daher möglich, die LEDs mit vergleichsweise großem Abstand anzuordnen, um eine großflächige Leuchte zu schaffen, ohne dass der Betrachter die einzelnen Lichtpunkte der LEDs oder der LED-Gruppen optisch auflösen kann.According to a preferred embodiment, the LEDs or groups of LEDs are evenly distributed over the bottom of the reflector. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the LEDs are arranged along a peripheral edge of the bottom of the reflector. The latter has the advantage that the portion of the light reflected by the reflectors arranged on the side is increased compared to a planar arrangement of the LEDs on the ground. This can also contribute to the glare reduction of the lamp. In contrast, the even distribution of the LEDs on the floor has the advantage that the surface of the translucent cover is illuminated more evenly, so that when viewed from the outside, the light outlet openings of the luminaire appear evenly bright. According to a preferred embodiment, the smallest distance of each LED or each LED group to the nearest neighbor is greater than 10 mm. For an LED array, this is already a relatively large distance between the LEDs, which the viewer normally finds annoying because he perceives the LEDs as individual, separate points of light. However, this disadvantage is overcome by the combination with the cover according to the invention. It is therefore possible to arrange the LEDs with a comparatively large spacing in order to create a large-area luminaire without the viewer being able to optically resolve the individual light points of the LEDs or the LED groups.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist jeder LED eine Primärlinse zugeordnet, z.B. um das Licht jeder LED aufzuweiten oder in Richtung zu der Abdeckung zu fokussieren. Es sind auch Kombinationen von verschiedenen Primärlinsen möglich. Beispielsweise können die Primärlinsen in einem äußeren Ring und/oder ein oder mehrere Primärlinsen in der Mitte des LED-Array einen anderen Krümmungsradius aufweisen als die Primärlinsen der übrigen LEDs in dem Array. Dadurch lassen sich unterschiedliche Lichteffekte in dem Bereich erzeugen, in welchem das Licht der LEDs vorwiegend an den seitlichen Reflektorwänden reflektiert wird, und das Licht, welches vorwiegend direkt auf die Spitze der nach innen weisenden Abdeckung der Leuchte auftrifft.According to a preferred embodiment, a primary lens is associated with each LED, for example to expand or focus the light of each LED towards the cover. Combinations of different primary lenses are also possible. For example, the primary lenses in an outer ring and/or one or more primary lenses in the center of the LED array have a different radius of curvature than the primary lenses of the remaining LEDs in the array. This allows different light effects to be created in the area in which the light from the LEDs is primarily reflected on the side reflector walls, and the light that primarily strikes the top of the inward-facing cover of the lamp directly.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind wenigstens einige Primärlinsen an ihrem Scheitel abgeflacht. Dadurch wird eine Kombination einer Fokussierung im Randbereich der LED und einer Defokussierung im zentralen Mittelbereich der LED hervorgerufen. Die Abflachung der Scheitel kann abhängig von der Position der Primärlinse in dem LED-Array auch unterschiedlich sein. Insbesondere können die Abflachungen der Linsen in konzentrischen Ringen der LED-Anordnung jeweils abgestuft zunehmen oder abnehmen, damit das Licht jeder LED in dem Array nach dem Durchdringen der lichtdurchlässigen Abdeckung etwa die gleiche Lichtverteilung erzeugt. Die unterschiedlich abgeflachten Scheitel können auch mit den unterschiedlichen Krümmungsradii, wie vorhergehend beschrieben, kombiniert werden.According to a preferred embodiment, at least some primary lenses are flattened at their apex. This causes a combination of focusing in the edge area of the LED and defocusing in the central area of the LED. The flattening of the crests can also be different depending on the position of the primary lens in the LED array. In particular, the flats of the lenses in concentric rings of the LED array may each increase or decrease in a graduated manner to cause the light from each LED in the array to produce approximately the same light distribution after penetrating the light transmissive cover. The differently flattened crests can also be combined with the different radii of curvature, as previously described.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die LEDs unterschiedliche Farben auf. Insbesondere ist bevorzugt, eine kältere und eine wärmere Lichtfarbe zu mischen, um ein gemischt weißes Licht von dem LED-Array abzugeben. Während das kalte Licht eher die Sehfunktion des Menschen unterstützt, sorgt ein warmer Weißton für ein angenehmeres Empfinden. Die Kombination der kalten und warmen Lichtquellen ist daher ideal für die Beleuchtung eines Innenraums, z.B. eines Büros, geeignet. Es ist auch möglich, die Lichtquellen unterschiedlicher Farbe getrennt anzusteuern, so dass die Mischfarbe der Leuchte durch unterschiedliches Dimmen der Lichtquellen ausgewählt werden kann.According to a preferred embodiment, the LEDs have different colors. In particular, it is preferable to mix a colder and a warmer light color to emit a mixed white light from the LED array. While the cold light tends to support people's visual function, a warm white tone ensures a more pleasant feeling. The combination of cold and warm light sources is therefore ideal for illuminating an interior space, such as an office. It is also possible to control the light sources of different colors separately, so that the mixed color of the luminaire can be selected by dimming the light sources differently.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen, die in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Figuren erläutert werden, deutlich. In den Figuren ist Folgendes dargestellt:

Figur 1
zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Leuchte.
Figur 2
zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Leuchte.
Figur 3
zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Leuchte.
Figur 4
zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Abdeckung für eine der Leuchten der Figuren 1 bis 3.
Figur 5
zeigt die Abdeckung nach Figur 4 in einer Seitenaufsicht.
Figur 6
zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Leuchte.
Figur 7
zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Leuchte ohne Abdeckung.
Figur 8
zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Leuchte ohne Abdeckung.
Figur 9
zeigt die Leuchte nach Figur 8 mit Primärlinsen.
Figuren 10a-d
zeigen Aufsichten auf verschiedene LED-Arrays.
Figur 11
zeigt in Polardarstellung eine Lichtverteilungskurve in einer C-Ebene für eine Leuchte nach Figur 7 mit einem hochglänzenden Reflektor.
Figur 12
zeigt eine Polardarstellung einer Lichtverteilungskurve in einer C-Ebene für eine Leuchte der Figur 3 mit einem matt reflektierenden Reflektor.
Figur 13
zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Anordnung von Primärlinsen.
Figur 14
zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Anordnung von Primärlinsen gemäß Figur 13.
Figur 15
zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine Anordnung von Primärlinsen nach Figur 13 auf die von den LEDs abgewandten Seite mit unterschiedlichen Krümmungsradii der Primärlinsen.
Figur 16
zeigt eine Aufsicht auf die Anordnung von Primärlinsen gemäß Figur 13 auf die von den LEDs abgewandte Seite mit unterschiedlich abgeflachten Scheiteln der Primärlinsen.
Figur 17
zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine Anordnung von Primärlinsen nach Figur 13 auf die den LEDs zugewandten Seite.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following description of preferred embodiments, which are explained in connection with the attached figures. The figures show the following:
figure 1
shows a cross section through a lamp.
figure 2
shows a cross section through another lamp.
figure 3
shows a cross section through another lamp.
figure 4
shows a perspective view of a cover for one of the lights of FIG Figures 1 to 3 .
figure 5
shows the cover figure 4 in a side view.
figure 6
shows a perspective view of a lamp.
figure 7
shows a perspective view of a lamp without a cover.
figure 8
shows a perspective view of another lamp without a cover.
figure 9
shows the lamp figure 8 with primary lenses.
Figures 10a-d
show top views of different LED arrays.
figure 11
shows a polar representation of a light distribution curve in a C plane for a lamp according to FIG. 7 with a highly specular reflector.
figure 12
shows a polar representation of a light distribution curve in a C-plane for a lamp of FIG figure 3 with a matt reflecting reflector.
figure 13
Figure 12 shows a perspective view of an array of primary lenses.
figure 14
shows a section through the arrangement of primary lenses according to FIG figure 13 .
figure 15
Figure 12 shows a plan view of an array of primary lenses figure 13 on the side facing away from the LEDs with different radii of curvature of the primary lenses.
figure 16
FIG. 12 shows a top view of the arrangement of primary lenses according to FIG figure 13 on the side facing away from the LEDs with differently flattened crests of the primary lenses.
figure 17
Figure 12 shows a plan view of an array of primary lenses figure 13 on the side facing the LEDs.

Bezug nehmend auf die Figur 1 wird eine erste Ausführungsform der Leuchte gemäß der Erfindung beschrieben.Referring to the figure 1 a first embodiment of the lamp according to the invention is described.

Die Leuchte weist eine Grundplatte 2 auf, welche insbesondere durch eine PCB (Printed Circuit Board) gebildet sein kann. Auf der Grundplatte, welche eben ausgeführt ist, ist eine Anordnung von mehreren LEDs 4 auf einer Seite vorgesehen. Die LEDs 4 sind in dieser Ausführungsform gleichmäßig über die Grundplatte 2 verteilt und sind mit elektrischen Leiterbahnen auf der Grundplatte elektrisch angeschlossen. Um das Array von LEDs 4 erstreckt sich ein Reflektor 6, welcher in der dargestellten Ausführungsform gemäß der Figur 1 in jedem horizontalen Schnitt senkrecht zur Bildebene der Figur 1 ein Quadrat definiert. Der Reflektor 6 ist auf der nach innen weisenden Seite reflektierend ausgebildet. Insbesondere ist in einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die Reflektorwände mattweiß sind.The lamp has a base plate 2, which can be formed in particular by a PCB (Printed Circuit Board). On the base plate, which is flat, is an arrangement provided by several LEDs 4 on one side. In this embodiment, the LEDs 4 are evenly distributed over the base plate 2 and are electrically connected to electrical conductor tracks on the base plate. To the array of LEDs 4, a reflector 6 extends, which in the illustrated embodiment according to FIG figure 1 in each horizontal section perpendicular to the plane of the image figure 1 defines a square. The reflector 6 is reflective on the inward-facing side. In particular, one embodiment provides for the reflector walls to be matt white.

Auf der den LEDs gegenüberliegenden Seite des Reflektors 6 bildet der Umfangsrand des Reflektors eine Lichtaustrittsöffnung. Diese ist mit einer Abdeckung 8 verschlossen. Die Abdeckung 8 ist in perspektivischer Ansicht in Figur 4 und in einer Seitenaufsicht in Figur 5 als Einzelteil dargestellt.On the side of the reflector 6 opposite the LEDs, the peripheral edge of the reflector forms a light exit opening. This is closed with a cover 8 . The cover 8 is shown in a perspective view in figure 4 and in a side view in figure 5 shown as a single part.

Die Abdeckung 8 ist aus einem optisch transparenten Material gebildet. Die Abdeckung 8 weist auf ihrer Oberfläche eine Vielzahl von Mikrostrukturen auf, welche insbesondere als Mikrolinsen oder Mikroprismen auf einer Oberfläche der Abdeckung 8 ausgebildet sind. Die Mikrostrukturen können regelmäßig oder unregelmäßig auf der Abdeckung 8 verteilt sein. Gemäß der Figur 4 ist zu erkennen, dass die Mikrostrukturen in einem regelmäßigen Muster angeordnet sind.The cover 8 is formed from an optically transparent material. The cover 8 has a multiplicity of microstructures on its surface, which are embodied in particular as microlenses or microprisms on a surface of the cover 8 . The microstructures can be distributed on the cover 8 regularly or irregularly. According to FIG. 4 it can be seen that the microstructures are arranged in a regular pattern.

Die Mikrostrukturen der Abdeckung 8 haben den Effekt, dass das Licht, welches durch die Abdeckung 8 hindurchtritt, seitlich umgelenkt wird. Insbesondere sorgen die Mikrostrukturen dafür, dass das Licht zum Teil gestreut wird.The microstructures of the cover 8 have the effect that the light that passes through the cover 8 is deflected laterally. In particular, the microstructures ensure that some of the light is scattered.

Eine Besonderheit der Abdeckung 8 ist, dass sie sich pyramidenförmig nach innen in Richtung zu den LEDs 4 erstreckt. Dadurch ist ein Winkel α zwischen jeder Seite der Abdeckung 8 und einer Ebene parallel zu der Grundseite 2 oder parallel zu der Ebene der Lichtaustrittsöffnung, welche durch den Umfangsrand des Reflektors 6 gebildet ist, gegeben. In den dargestellten Ausführungsformen beträgt der Neigungswinkel α 10°. Vorzugsweise ist der Winkel kleiner als 30° oder insbesondere kleiner als 20°. Der flache Winkel hat den Effekt, dass das Licht an der Abdeckung 8 nicht nur gestreut wird, sondern außerdem in Richtung auf eine zentrale Achse z der Leuchte etwas umgelenkt wird. Dadurch lässt sich eine gewünschte Lichtverteilung der Leuchte erzeugen, die bei großen Abstrahlwinkeln gegenüber der optischen Achse z (siehe Figur 1) stärker abfällt als eine gleichmäßig beleuchtete ebene Platte (d.h. die Leuchte weist in einer C-Ebene eine Lichtverteilung auf, die schmäler als eine Lambert-Verteilung ist). Insbesondere kann dadurch eine verbesserte Abschirmung der Leuchte realisiert werden.A special feature of the cover 8 is that it extends inward in the direction of the LEDs 4 in the shape of a pyramid. As a result, there is an angle α between each side of the cover 8 and a plane parallel to the base 2 or parallel to the plane of the light exit opening formed by the peripheral edge of the reflector 6. In the illustrated embodiments, the angle of inclination α is 10°. The angle is preferably less than 30° or in particular less than 20°. The shallow angle has the effect that the light is not only scattered at the cover 8, but is also deflected somewhat in the direction of a central axis z of the luminaire. As a result, a desired light distribution of the luminaire can be generated which, with large beam angles in relation to the optical axis z (see Fig figure 1 ) falls off more than a uniformly illuminated flat plate (ie the luminaire has a light distribution in a C-plane that is narrower than a Lambertian distribution). In particular, improved shielding of the lamp can be achieved as a result.

Das Material der Abdeckung 8 kann insbesondere ein transparenter Kunststoff oder ein Glas sein. Die Mikrostrukturen können insbesondere als pyramidenförmige optische Elemente oder als linsenförmige optische Elemente in der Oberfläche des Materials als Vertiefung oder als Erhebung ausgebildet sein. Die pyramiden- oder linsenförmigen Vertiefungen, oder allgemein jede Art von Oberflächentextur, welche dazu geeignet sind, eine Lichtaufweitung, insbesondere eine Lichtstreuung hervorzurufen, können an der zu dem Leuchtmittel weisenden Seite oder auf der gegenüberliegenden Außenseite der Abdeckung 8 vorgesehen sein.The material of the cover 8 can in particular be a transparent plastic or a glass. The microstructures can in particular be in the form of pyramid-shaped optical elements or lens-shaped optical elements in the surface of the material as a depression or elevation. The pyramidal or lens-shaped indentations, or generally any type of surface texture suitable for causing light expansion, in particular light scattering, can be provided on the side facing towards the illuminant or on the opposite outside of the cover 8 .

Alternative oder zusätzlich können außerdem Streuzentren innerhalb des Materials oder auf einer Oberfläche des Materials der Abdeckung 8 vorgesehen sein. Streuzentren können z.B. durch kleine Partikeln in einem sonst transparenten Glas- oder Kunststoffmaterial gebildet sein.Alternatively or additionally, scattering centers can also be provided within the material or on a surface of the material of the cover 8. Scattering centers can be formed, for example, by small particles in an otherwise transparent glass or plastic material.

Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass eine Oberfläche der Abdeckung 8 mattiert ausgebildet ist. Es kann eine Art Milchglas durch eine Behandlung der Oberfläche durch Ätzen oder Sandstrahlen ausgebildet werden.Provision can also be made for a surface of the cover 8 to be matt. A kind of frosted glass can be formed by treating the surface by etching or sandblasting.

Eine Leuchte entsprechend der Figur 1 in perspektivischer Ansicht ist in der Figur 6 dargestellt. Die Leuchte ist als Deckeneinbau- oder Deckenanbauleuchte ausgebildet. Bevorzugt erstreckt sich ein breiter Rand um die Abdeckung 8 in der Lichtaustrittsöffnung. Die Leuchte kann in einer Decke integriert werden oder an einer Decke angesetzt werden. Die Leuchte kann auch von der Decke beabstandet, z.B. als Hängeleuchte oder Stehleuchte, montiert sein. Bevorzugt ist die Leuchte so konstruiert, dass sie mit der Lichtaustrittsöffnung nach unten in Richtung zu einem zu beleuchtenden Innenraum montiert wird. Die Lichtverteilung, welche durch die Abdeckung 8 hervorgebracht wird, ist für diese Art von Leuchtenmontage geeignet.A lamp according to the figure 1 in perspective view is in the figure 6 shown. The light is designed as a recessed or surface-mounted ceiling light. A wide edge preferably extends around the cover 8 in the light exit opening. The luminaire can be integrated into a ceiling or attached to a ceiling. The lamp can also be mounted at a distance from the ceiling, for example as a pendant lamp or floor lamp. The lamp is preferably constructed in such a way that it is mounted with the light exit opening pointing downwards in the direction of an interior space to be illuminated. The light distribution produced by the cover 8 is suitable for this type of lamp installation.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen alternative Ausführungsformen der Leuchte. Bei der Figur 2 ist ein weiterer Reflektor 7 auf der dem Leuchtmittel abgewandten Seite der Abdeckung 8 vorgesehen. Der Reflektor dient als Cut-Off-Reflektor, um eine Abschirmung der Leuchte zu verbessern. Die nach innen weisenden Seiten des weiteren Reflektors 7 sind insbesondere hochglänzend ausgebildet. Es ist auch möglich, dass die Reflektoren 6 und 7 einstückig miteinander ausgebildet werden und die Abdeckung 8 darin integriert ist.the Figures 2 and 3 show alternative embodiments of the lamp. In the figure 2 a further reflector 7 is provided on the side of the cover 8 facing away from the illuminant. The reflector serves as a cut-off reflector to improve the shielding of the lamp. The inward-pointing sides of the further reflector 7 are, in particular, of high-gloss design. It is also possible for the reflectors 6 and 7 to be formed in one piece with one another and for the cover 8 to be integrated therein.

In der Ausführungsform nach Figur 3 ist ferner über den LEDs 4 eine Anordnung von Primärlinsen 10 vorgesehen. Die Primärlinsen 10 können einstückig miteinander verbunden sein, wie in den Figuren 13 bis 17 gezeigt. Die Primärlinsen 10 können, wie nachfolgend ausgeführt, besondere Formen aufweisen, um die Bildung einer gewünschten Lichtverteilung in Kombination mit der Abdeckung 8 zu unterstützen.In the embodiment after figure 3 an array of primary lenses 10 is also provided over the LEDs 4 . The primary lenses 10 can be connected to one another in one piece, as shown in FIGS Figures 13 to 17 shown. As explained below, the primary lenses 10 can have special shapes in order to support the formation of a desired light distribution in combination with the cover 8 .

In der Figur 7 ist die Leuchte der Erfindung ohne die Abdeckung 8 dargestellt. Daher ist die Aufsicht auf das Array von LEDs 4 sichtbar. In der Figur 7 umfasst ein LED-Array 4x3 LEDs. Eine alternative Ausführungsform ist in Figur 8 dargestellt. Hier sind die LEDs nur am Rand der Grundseite 2 innerhalb des Reflektors 8 angeordnet. Figur 9 zeigt die Leuchte nach Figur 8, wobei über den LEDs jeweils Primärlinsen 10 angeordnet sind.In the figure 7 the lamp of the invention is shown without the cover 8. Therefore, the top view of the array of LEDs 4 is visible. In the figure 7 includes a LED array 4x3 LEDs. An alternative embodiment is figure 8 shown. Here the LEDs are only arranged on the edge of the base 2 within the reflector 8 . figure 9 shows the lamp figure 8 , primary lenses 10 being arranged above the LEDs.

Es ist zu verstehen, dass in den Figuren 7 bis 9 nur zu Darstellungszwecken die Abdeckung 8 weggelassen worden ist.It is to be understood that in the Figures 7 to 9 cover 8 has been omitted for purposes of illustration only.

Ausführungsformen wie in Figur 7 mit einem diffus reflektierenden Reflektor erzeugen eine Lichtverteilung in einer C-Ebene, welche schematisch in der Figur 11 dargestellt ist. Die Lichtverteilung weist bei 0° ein Maximum auf und fällt in Richtung zu ± 90° verhältnismäßig schnell ab. Dem gegenüber zeigt die Figur 12 eine schematische Lichtverteilung in einer C-Ebene einer Leuchte mit einem hochglänzenden (spekularen) Reflektor, wie es z.B. in den Figur 3dargestellt ist. Die Lichtverteilung weist ein lokales Minimum bei 0° auf und nimmt in Richtung zu den Flanken bis etwa ± 15° zu und fällt anschließend verhältnismäßig schnell in Richtung zu ± 90° ab.Embodiments as in figure 7 with a diffusely reflecting reflector produce a light distribution in a C-plane, which is shown schematically in FIG figure 11 is shown. The light distribution has a maximum at 0° and falls relatively quickly in the direction of ± 90°. On the other hand, the figure 12 a schematic light distribution in a C-plane of a lamp with a highly specular (specular) reflector, as for example in the figure 3 is shown. The light distribution has a local minimum at 0° and increases towards the flanks up to about ±15° and then falls relatively quickly towards ±90°.

Die Figuren 10a bis 10d zeigen verschiedene Ausführungsformen von LED-Arrays, die mit den Leuchten, wie vorhergehend beschrieben, kombiniert werden können.the Figures 10a to 10d show various embodiments of LED arrays that can be combined with the lights as previously described.

Die Lichtverteilungen, welche mit den vorhergehend beschriebenen LED-Arrays erzielt werden, können insbesondere mit unterschiedlich farbigen LEDs erzeugt werden. Beispielsweise ist es bevorzugt, die LEDs mit einer warmen Lichtfarbe gemäß der Anordnung in Figur 10c vorzusehen während LEDs mit einer kälteren Lichtfarbe entsprechend der Anordnung in der Figur 10d vorgesehen sind. Beide Anordnungen werden kombiniert, so dass, wenn alle LED-Positionen besetzt sind, ein LED-Array entsprechend der Figur 10a gebildet ist. Jedoch weisen die unterschiedlichen Farben unterschiedliche Lichtverteilungen auf. Insbesondere kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Gruppen von LEDs unterschiedlich ansteuerbar sind, so dass wunschgemäß nur ein warmweißes oder nur ein kaltweißes Licht erzeugt wird. Es ist aber auch möglich, mehrere Farben von LEDs jeweils an einer Stelle in dem LED-Array, z.B. an den LED-Positionen entsprechend der Figur 10b, anzuordnen. In diesem Fall werden für die unterschiedlichen Lichtfarben etwa gleiche Lichtverteilungen erzielt. Die Lichtfarben können allerdings auch in dieser Ausführungsform getrennt voneinander angesteuert werden.The light distributions that are achieved with the LED arrays described above can be generated in particular with LEDs of different colors. For example, it is preferable to use the LEDs with a warm light color according to the arrangement in Figure 10c to be provided while LEDs with a colder light color according to the arrangement in the Figure 10d are provided. Both arrangements are combined so that when all LED positions are occupied, an LED array corresponding to the Figure 10a is formed. However, the different colors have different light distributions. In particular, it can also be provided that the groups of LEDs can be controlled differently, so that only a warm white or only a cold white light is generated as desired. However, it is also possible to have several colors of LEDs at one point in the LED array, for example at the LED positions corresponding to the Figure 10b , to arrange. In this case, approximately the same light distributions are achieved for the different light colors. However, the light colors can also be controlled separately from one another in this embodiment.

Der Abstand von einer LED zum rechtwinklig angeordneten Nachbarn gemäß Figur 10b beträgt z.B. zwischen 10 und 20 mm, insbesondere etwa 16 mm. Die versetzt dazu angeordneten LEDs gemäß dem Array nach Figur 10a sind in einem halben Abstand angeordnet. Die Abstände der LEDs in dem Array sind verhältnismäßig groß, so dass sie bei direkter Aufsicht von dem Betrachter als Einzellichtpunkte wahrgenommen würden. Durch die Abdeckung 8 ist jedoch gewährleistet, dass die einzelnen Lichtpunkte nicht mehr sichtbar sind und eine etwa gleichmäßig leuchtende Fläche von dem Betrachter wahrgenommen wird.The distance from an LED to its perpendicular neighbor according to Figure 10b is, for example, between 10 and 20 mm, in particular about 16 mm. The offset to arranged LEDs according to the array after Figure 10a are spaced halfway apart. The distances between the LEDs in the array are relatively large, so that they would be perceived by the observer as individual points of light if they were viewed directly. However, the cover 8 ensures that the individual points of light are no longer visible and that the viewer perceives an approximately uniformly illuminated area.

Zusätzlich zu den LED-Arrays kann ein Array von Primärlinsen 10, wie in Figur 13 dargestellt, direkt über den LEDs 4 angeordnet werden. Die Figur 14 zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Anordnung der Primärlinsen nach Figur 13. Die einzelnen Primärlinsen weisen auf der den LEDs zugewandten Seite eine Eintrittsfläche 14 auf, die von einem Kegel 16 umgeben ist. Der Kegel weist einen Winkel zur optischen Achse der LED auf, so dass an den Kegelflächen Totalreflektion stattfindet. Die Eintrittsfläche 14 in Kombination mit dem Kegel 16 ermöglicht daher eine effiziente Einkopplung des Lichts in die Primärlinse.In addition to the LED arrays, an array of primary lenses 10, as in figure 13 shown, are placed directly above the LEDs 4. the figure 14 shows a section through the arrangement of the primary lenses figure 13 . On the side facing the LEDs, the individual primary lenses have an entry surface 14 which is surrounded by a cone 16 . The cone has an angle to the optical axis of the LED, so that total reflection takes place at the cone surfaces. The entrance surface 14 in combination with the cone 16 therefore enables the light to be efficiently coupled into the primary lens.

Die Primärlinsen können unterschiedliche Krümmungsradii aufweisen, wie in der Figur 15 dargestellt. Die Primärlinsen in einem mittleren Ring des Primärlinsen-Array weisen einen Radius R1 auf. Die äußeren Primärlinsen weisen einen Radius R2 auf und die mittlere Primärlinse weist ebenen einen Radius R1 auf. Durch die Verteilung der Radii über die Linsen kann eine gewünschte Lichtverteilungskurve erzeugt werden.The primary lenses can have different radii of curvature, as in FIG figure 15 shown. The primary lenses in a middle ring of the primary lens array have a radius R1. The outer primary lenses have a radius R2 and the center primary lens has a radius R1. A desired light distribution curve can be generated by distributing the radii over the lenses.

Auf der den LEDs gegenüberliegenden Seite weisen die Primärlinsen ferner abgeflachte Scheitel 20, 21 oder 22 auf wie in Figur 16 dargestellt. Die Primärlinsen 20 am Rand der Anordnung weisen einen abgeflachten Scheitel mit einem größeren Durchmesser D1 auf als die Primärlinsen 21 und 22, die innerhalb der Anordnung vorgesehen sind. Die Primärlinsen 21 weisen einen abgeflachten Scheitel mit einem Durchmesser D2 und die Primärlinsen 22 einen abgeflachten Scheitel mit einem Durchmesser D3 auf, wobei D1 > D2 > D3 gilt.On the side opposite the LEDs, the primary lenses also have flattened vertices 20, 21 or 22 as in FIG figure 16 shown. The primary lenses 20 at the edge of the array have a flattened crest with a larger diameter D1 than the primary lenses 21 and 22 provided within the array. The primary lenses 21 have a truncated vertex with a diameter D2 and the primary lenses 22 have a truncated vertex with a diameter D3, where D1>D2>D3.

Der abgeflachte Scheitel der Linsen hat den Effekt, dass die Lichtverteilung nach der Abdeckung 8 von den LED-Arrays nach Figuren 10c und 10d oder einer Kombination von den beiden, wie in Figur 10a dargestellt, jeweils die gleiche Form ist. Beispielsweise können die LEDs in einem Array nach der Figur 10c und 10d jeweils unterschiedliche Farben aufweisen. Beide LED-Arrays werden überlagert zu der Anordnung nach Figur 10a und haben damit, nach dem Durchdringen der Abdeckung 8 die gleiche Lichtverteilungskurve, so dass sich beide Lichtfarben homogen mischen.The flattened apex of the lenses has the effect that the light distribution after the cover 8 from the LED arrays Figures 10c and 10d or a combination of the two, as in Figure 10a shown, each is the same shape. For example, the LEDs in an array can be Figure 10c and 10d each have different colors. Both LED arrays are superimposed on the arrangement below Figure 10a and thus have the same light distribution curve after penetrating the cover 8, so that both light colors mix homogeneously.

Zahlreiche Varianten der vorhergehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind im Rahmen der Erfindung, welche durch die Ansprüche definiert wird, möglich. Insbesondere ist die Erfindung nicht auf die dargestellte quadratische Anordnung der LED-Arrays und der Lichtaustrittsfläche des Reflektors beschränkt. Es können auch runde Symmetrien insbesondere in Verbindung mit beispielsweise kegelförmigen lichtdurchlässigen Abdeckungen 8 angewandt werden. Ferner sind auch rechteckige Formen für die Lichtaustrittsfläche bzw. die Abdeckung möglich. In diesem Fall kann beispielsweise eine flache pyramidenförmige Abdeckung mit rechteckiger Grundseite angewandt werden. Vorzugsweise sind die Abdeckungen aber flächig ausgeführt, d.h., dass die kürzere Seite beispielsweise wenigstens die Hälfe einer längeren Seite beträgt, um in allen Richtungen ähnliche optische Wirkungen zu erzielen.Numerous variants of the embodiments described above are possible within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims. In particular, the invention is not limited to the illustrated square arrangement of the LED arrays and the light exit surface of the reflector. Round symmetries can also be used, in particular in connection with, for example, conical transparent covers 8 . Furthermore, rectangular shapes for the light exit surface or the cover are also possible. In this case, for example, a flat pyramidal cover with a rectangular base can be used. However, the covers are preferably designed to be flat, ie the shorter side is, for example, at least half of a longer side in order to achieve similar optical effects in all directions.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference list:

22
Grundseitebase
44
LEDLEDs
66
Reflektorreflector
77
weiterer Reflektor, insbesondere Cut-Off-Reflektorfurther reflector, in particular cut-off reflector
88th
Abdeckungcover
1010
Primärlinse, einzeln oder miteinander verbundenPrimary lens, single or joined together
1414
Lichteintrittsseitelight entry side
1616
Kegelcone
2020
Primärlinse mit abgeflachtem ScheitelPrimary lens with a flattened apex
2121
Primärlinse mit abgeflachtem ScheitelPrimary lens with a flattened apex
2222
Primärlinse mit abgeflachtem ScheitelPrimary lens with a flattened apex
αa
Neigungswinkeltilt angle
hH
HöheHeight
D1, D2, D3D1, D2, D3
abgeflachte Scheitel der Primärlinsenflattened crests of the primary lenses
R1, R2R1, R2
Krümmungsradii der PrimärlinsenRadius of curvature of the primary lenses

Claims (14)

  1. A luminaire comprising a light source in the form of at least one LED (4), as well as a reflector (6), wherein the reflector (6) defines a light exit opening on a side opposite the light source through a circumferential edge of the reflector,
    wherein a planar light-permeable cover (8) is arranged in the light exit opening, which has light-guiding and/or light-scattering microstructures distributed over the cover (8), and
    wherein the planar light-permeable cover (8) extends inwards towards the light source with respect to a fictitious plane defined by the circumferential edge of the reflector (6), wherein the height (h) of the light-permeable cover (8) with which it projects from the fictitious plane into the reflector (6), is less than 1/5 preferably ⅛ of the largest diameter in the fictitious plane, characterized in that the shape of the light-guiding cover (8) is defined by the side walls of a pyramid or cone, wherein the base side of the pyramid or cone corresponds to the fictitious plane.
  2. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein an angle (α) formed in a cross-section perpendicular to the fictitious plane between the surface of the light-permeable cover (8) and the fictitious plane is less than 30°, preferably less than 20°.
  3. The luminaire according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the microstructures comprise textures on a surface of the cover facing the light source and/or facing away from the light source.
  4. The luminaire according to claim 3, wherein the textures comprise lens-shaped or prism-shaped elevations or depressions.
  5. The luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the microstructures have scattering particles in the material of the cover (8) and/or on one of the surfaces of the cover (8).
  6. The luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an additional reflector is provided, which adjoins the circumferential edge on the side of the cover facing away from the light source.
  7. The luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reflector (6) and/or, when referring back to claim 6, the additional reflector (7) is highly glossy or diffusely reflective, in particular matte white.
  8. The luminaire according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the light source comprises an array of LEDs (4), which are arranged in a plane at the bottom (2) of the reflector (6).
  9. The luminaire according to claim 8, wherein the LEDs (4) are distributed uniformly over the bottom (2) of the reflector (6), or
    wherein the LEDs (4) are arranged along a circumferential edge of the bottom (2) of the reflector.
  10. The luminaire according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the smallest distance of each LED (4) or an LED group to the nearest neighbor is greater than 10 mm.
  11. The luminaire according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein a primary lens (10) is assigned to each LED (4).
  12. The luminaire according to claim 11, wherein primary lenses (10) in an outer ring and/or one or more primary lenses (22) in the center of the array have a different radius of curvature than the primary lenses (21) of the remaining LEDs (4) of the array.
  13. The luminaire according to claim 11 or 12, wherein at least some primary lenses (20, 21, 22) are flattened at their apex.
  14. The luminaire according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the LEDs (4) have different colors, in particular have a colder and a warmer light color, in order to emit a mixed white light from the array.
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EP3964747A1 (en) * 2020-09-07 2022-03-09 Signify Holding B.V. 3d-printed light distributor, and luminaire comprising 3d-printed light distributor

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