EP3263974A1 - Downlight luminaire - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a perforated radiator (1) with at least one light source (2) preferably in the form of an LED, focusing optics (3) for the hourglass-like constriction of the light emitted by the light source (2) on a Einschnürquerschnitt (5) and a veneer with a Constricting cross-section (5) of the light emitted light-emitting opening (12). The invention further relates to a lighting device in which such a hole radiator (1) behind a ceiling or wall panel (13) is arranged and through a hole (14) in the panel through the area lying in front of the panel illuminated. In this case, the veneer comprises a dimming pot (6) enclosing the focusing optics (3) and / or the illuminant (2), the bottom portion (7) tapering inwards towards the constricting cross section (5) of the emitted light, the light exit opening (12) having a hole edge (8) limited, from which the surface contour of the Abblendtopfs (6) in the light emission direction (10) obliquely inclined to the emission direction (10) expands. The visible, the Lichtaustrittsöffung (12) enclosing pots are formed deep black shiny.

Description

The present invention relates to a perforated radiator with at least one luminous means, preferably in the form of an LED, a focusing optics for the hourglass-like constriction of the light emitted by the illuminant on a Einschnürquerschnitt and a veneer with the constricting cross section of the emitted light enclosing light exit opening. The invention further relates to a lighting device in which such a hole radiator is arranged behind a ceiling or wall panel and illuminates the space lying in front of the panel through a hole in the panel.

More recently, it has been proposed to dispose of ceiling panels, by means of which building ceilings, to arrange light fields with a plurality of lights, in order to illuminate the ceiling and the underlying space like a starry sky. For this purpose, the ceiling panel on a plurality of light exit openings, through which the light emitted by the lights can escape into the room. In order to achieve sufficient room illumination, high luminance levels must be provided despite usually several built in the panel lights, which can lead to a dazzling effect. The above-mentioned problem, to provide high luminous intensity, which can then lead to dazzling effects, but also turns in other applications of such hole radiator, for example also in furniture or pieces of furniture or household appliances such as shelves, showcases, refrigerators, mirror cabinet, extractor hoods and the like can be installed or attached to it. Also on other lighting devices such as chandeliers, floor lamps or desk lamps such hole radiator can be used.

To reduce such a dazzling effect, beats the font EP 20 31 296 B1 To greatly reduce the size of the holes in the trim panel, so that the lamps arranged behind the panel become invisible, as it were, and persons who are in the room can no longer look directly into the lighting means at the usually oblique viewing angles on the ceiling. In order nevertheless to allow the light emitted by the light sources to pass through the greatly reduced holes in the panel, the illuminants are each assigned focusing optics which constrict the light emitted by the light sources in the manner of an hourglass and focussed through the holes. The focusing optics is designed in such a way that the constricting cross section, that is to say the smallest cross section of the emitted light cone, comes to lie in the area of the panel holes. The said constricting cross-section may be a point in the sense of a focal point or else a cross-sectional surface of finite, limited extent, if the focusing optic does not completely constrict the emitted light onto a focal point.

Such hole radiators with a focusing optics, in conjunction with an upstream facing whose light exit openings are greatly reduced in cross section and significantly smaller than the underlying hole radiator including its illuminant and focusing optics, eliminate the direct glare effect more or less, as a direct looking into the bulbs or The focus optics is no longer possible or would only be possible if a person standing directly under the hole looks perpendicular to the panel or into the hole in the panel, which normally does not occur. However, it can still come to a scattered glare, since the pinhole or the light exit openings in the vorgeblendeten panel due to stray light even assume a certain brightness and a viewer, of course, still sees the contours of the light exit openings even at an oblique angle.

The pinhole in the form of ceiling or wall cladding panels namely in practice always has a certain thickness, which is for example in gypsum boards or wooden panels several millimeters and metal panels even more than 0.5 mm, so that the hole walls, the light emitted from the be illuminated, lit and visible. Even if the constricting cross section of the light cone emitted by the focusing optics is smaller than the diameter of the light exit opening, stray light is incident on the walls of the light exit openings. On the other hand, the space above or behind the veneer panel also has brightnesses that are visible and disturbing due to scattered light of the focusing optics or their lens. Particularly in the case of very thin panels, such as metal panels, the said space behind the panel is also visible under shallower viewing angles, since the smaller depth of the holes in the panel blocks the viewing axis through the holes only at very shallow viewing angles.

The aforementioned glare effects due to stray light are further intensified by the architects' and room designer's desire for white ceiling panels or very bright delusions since white or light-colored materials, which are generated, for example, by powder coating of the veneer, further increase the glare effects mentioned by stray light.

On this basis, the present invention seeks to provide an improved hole radiator and an improved illumination device of the type mentioned, avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and further develop the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular, a uniform room illumination with high energy efficiency is to be achieved with great glare freedom.

The object mentioned is achieved by a hole heater according to claim 1 and a lighting device according to claim 14. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

It is therefore proposed to prevent the scattered light propagation between the luminous means or the focusing optics associated therewith and the light exit recess or a scattered light propagation in the space behind the light exit opening by a masking pot which encloses the focusing optics and / or the illuminant of the perforated radiator without stray light reflect or even bundle. If the perforated radiator is installed behind a paneling or suspension or covering panel, stray light emanating from a perforated radiator can no longer propagate through the aforementioned screening pot and lighten panel holes which are associated with other hole radiators. In order to prevent or reduce a lightening and thus glare on the own Lichtaustrittausnehmung associated with the light emitter, the Ausblendtopf is at its the light exit opening and thus the Einschnürquerschnitt the light rays bordering bottom section specially shaped and / or provided with a special surface in order to eliminate or at least significantly reduce the scattered light reflecting effect of the dimming pot at least in the region of its light exit opening. According to one aspect of the present invention, the veneer comprises a dimming pot enclosing the focusing optics and / or the illuminant, the bottom portion tapering inwardly toward the constricting cross section of the emitted light defining the light exit opening with a hole edge from which the surface contour of the dimming pot slopes in the light emission direction inclined to the direction of radiation widens. Such a defined edge of the hole minimizes the surface or portion of the inner surface which could be lightened and reflected by the emitted light, so that the dazzling effect is also minimized. Due to the obliquely widening in the emission direction of said hole edge pot contour of the light exit opening bordering bottom portion of the Abblendtopfes still has a depth in the emission direction, the viewing axes through the Lichtaustrittsnehmung through and thus prevents the space behind the Lichtaustrittsausnehmung under shallower viewing directions.

Such a defined hole edge with an outwardly extending, that is in the emission direction widening connection contour, combines the advantages of thick and thin pinhole equally, without having to accept their disadvantages. While in a fairly thick pinhole with a cylindrical through hole, the space behind the pinhole is well protected against peeks and thus good against direct glare by looking directly into the light source behind it, it comes to the hole itself due to the greater wall thickness to greater brightening and scattered glare. Conversely, a flat, razor-thin pinhole eliminates the brightening in the area of the inner wall of the hole, but through the hole of such a paper thin pinhole can be seen even at shallower viewing angles. Said formation of the Abblendtopfs with a defined hole edge, from which the outwardly adjoining pot contour widens obliquely to Hauptabstrahlrichtung, combines the two advantages, namely little or no brightening of the hole edge and still a relatively high viewing density at shallower to steeper angles without the corresponding disadvantages. The defined hole edge reduces the available for the reflection and thus brightening edge edge surface on the very thin, possibly mathematically zero going hole edge ring. The adjoining, outwardly widening surface contour provides a viewing protection edge, without giving the scattered light reflection surface. Said hole edge forms the smallest diameter of the Abblendtopfs and forms, so to speak, the eye of the needle for scattered light, wherein said hole edge is advantageously at the constriction of the emitted light cone or the emitted light beams.

Said edge of the hole is advantageously formed sharp-edged, to let go the height of responsible for scattered light reflection inner surface of the light exit opening to zero, wherein the adjoining such a sharp edge of the edge hole edge contours an acute angle can define. With such an acute-angled, sharp-edged hole edge, the hole whitening and thus glare can be largely reduced. In practice, however, also sharp-edged hole edges for manufacturing reasons often have a certain rounding or phasing or refraction. In light of such practice-related deviations from a sharp-edged contouring in the mathematical sense, sharp-edged in the sense of the above-described feature, therefore, mean that at the edge of the hole a radius of curvature - be it the actual radius of curvature of a rounding or the radius of a hollow circle placed on a chamfer or bevel - is only one Fraction of the wall thickness of the bottom portion of the Abblendtopfs or only a fraction of the depth of the pot bottom in the emission direction, for example, less than one fifth of the bottom wall thickness or less than 10% or 5% of the hole diameter.

In a further development of the invention, the dimming pot starting from said hole edge starting on both sides, ie the side facing the lamp and the side facing away from the illuminant side can widen in contour or have flared to the two sides hole edges, which on said, preferably converge sharp-edged hole edge.

In particular, the hole flank facing away from the light source, which adjoins the hole edge, can be contoured in such a way that a tangent placed on the hole flank passes by the light exit face of the focusing lens. This prevents light emitted by the light exit surface, including scattered light, from falling onto the said outer flank, which surrounds the hole edge toward the side facing away from the illuminant. The viewed in the direction of radiation undercut Abblendtopfkonturierung behind the hole edge, ie on the side facing away from the edge of the hole edge, is sufficiently strong to prevent that also emitted from the edge regions of the focusing optics light falls on said hole flanks outside the hole edge. The said hole flank is in particular so strongly beveled that light emitted by the light exit surface of the focusing optics hangs, so to speak, on the hole edge and the hole flank lies outwardly in the shadow of the hole edge.

The said hole flank, which adjoins the edge of the hole towards the outside, can expand outward from the edge of the hole at an expansion angle which is at least as great as the constriction angle of the light constricted by the focusing lens. For example, if the focusing optics emits a cone of light having a constriction angle of two times 50 °, the said hole flanks can advantageously be inclined at an angle of 50 ° or more to the main emission direction. If the outer hole flanks also form a cone, they can define a cone angle of two times 50 ° or more.

The aforementioned expansion angle of the lamp flanks facing away from the hole edges, which surround the edge of the hole, may advantageously be in the range of about 100% to 150% of said constriction angle of the emitted light. In this way, on the one hand prevents scattered light from falling on the said outer hole flanks, while on the other hand is still given a good look protection against glances through the hole, as by only a limited expansion of the eyes pair facing hole edge forms a visual protection edge, without the Abblendtopf this would require excessive sizing.

The said, the lighting means facing away from the hole edge can advantageously continuously, in particular steadily widen or have a continuous, in particular continuous course, especially when viewed in cross section. If the mentioned hole flank forms a conical surface, the mentioned flare angle is the cone angle. The aforementioned tangent lies in this case along the cone flank or coincides with said straight cone flank and forms, so to speak, their extension. With a suitable cone angle, the tangent passes in the manner described above past the light exit surface of the focusing optics.

The hole flank, however, does not have to have a straight course when viewed in cross-section, but may, for example, also start from the edge of the hole bell-shaped, ie, for example, with increasing distance from the hole edge in the direction of radiation always strengthen expand. In such a curved cross-sectional contouring of the hole flank, this can advantageously be contoured so that - viewed in cross section - at the edge of the hole tangents all at least expand with the aforementioned expansion angle, which correspond to at least the constriction angle of the light emitted by the focusing optics or greater than this can be.

In particular, viewed in cross-section, the hole flank may also have a concave contour, so that a straight line laid on the hole flank rests on upper and lower end portions of the concave flank and has air therebetween to the flank flank surface. Such a concave contoured hole flank can be curved in various ways, for example, bent approximately uniformly curved or circular, so that the straight line defines a secant. In particular, however, the concave hole flank can also be parabolic-curved, preferably in such a way that the curvature becomes stronger toward the focusing optics or against the light emission direction. If, for example, the perforated radiator radiates approximately downwards as a ceiling radiator, the radius of curvature of the concavely contoured flank edge can become increasingly smaller towards the upper end and / or become progressively larger towards the bottom. By such a contoured hole flank, in particular the further spread of stray light can be prevented, which forms immediately above the constriction or hole edge of the Abblendtopfes inside the Abblendtopfes or pot walls is reflected directly in front of the edge of the hole and tries to emerge relatively flachwinklig.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the said bottom edge forming portion of the Abblendtopfs may be formed by a thin-walled bottom web, which project from a Manteflächenabschnitt of Abblendtopfes from inside or may extend inwards. Such a land web may have an extension transverse to the main emission direction, which is a multiple of the wall thickness of the bottom web, wherein such a land land advantageously be bevelled or sharpened in the region of its edge defining the edge of the hole, to form the edge of the hole sharp-edged.

In order to provide a good visual protection against looking through the light exit opening at not too steep angles, the bottom portion of the Abblendtopfs have an extension in the emission direction, which is in the range of about one quarter to four quarters of the hole diameter and / or a quarter to four quarters of the axial Spacing the hole edge of the focusing optics can be.

Alternatively or additionally, the hole diameter of the dimming pot defined by the hole edge can be dimensioned such that the diameter of the focusing optics corresponds to at least four thirds of the diameter of the dimming pot, preferably two to three times the diameter of the hole.

Said, defined by the hole edge hole diameter or the diameter of the light exit opening of the Abblendtopfs, which surrounds the light beam area in the region of the constriction may be slightly larger than the diameter of said constriction of the light beam area, so that, so to speak, remains an annular gap between hole edge and light beam , Preferably, however, the light exit opening is only slightly larger than the Einschnürquerschnitt the light beam or may correspond to this Einschnürquerschnitte substantially, creating a good glare protection is achieved with a small length of the Abblendtopfs.

The abblend pot mentioned can - roughly speaking - be formed sleeve-shaped and have a to the bottom edge of the defined bottom portion subsequent lateral surface, which may be at least approximately cylindrical. Alternatively, however, the lateral surface of the sleeve-shaped Abblendtopfs may also be bulbous or convex, so that the overall shape of the Abblendtopfes a ball or egg shape approaches.

Advantageously, the dimming pot in the inner diameter of its lateral surface portion can be adapted to the diameter of the focusing optics, in particular such that the inner diameter of the dimming pot corresponds approximately to the outside diameter of the focusing optics at a pot portion close to the illuminant. As a result, the focusing optics can be edged to save space.

The dimming pot can advantageously surround the entire focusing optics on the lateral surface side, in particular at least to the extent that the light exit surface of the focusing optics is enclosed by the dimming pot. Optionally, the Abblendtopf but also miteinfassen a subsequent to the focusing optics bulb.

The said focusing optics can in principle be designed differently, for example comprising a reflector, which captures the light emitted by the at least one luminous means and focuses in the manner mentioned. Alternatively or additionally, the focusing optics may also comprise a lens which is arranged between the luminous means and the light exit recess and is advantageously designed such that it covers the entire light emitted by the luminous means and throws it through the light exit recess with said constriction. The focusing optics is advantageously such that the entire light emitted by all bulbs of the hole radiator light is captured and emitted at least substantially completely in the form of the constricted beam path through the light exit opening of the Abblendtopfs.

In order to prevent or further reduce a glare effect by brightening the light exit recess, according to a further aspect of the present invention, at least the visible area of the inner surfaces of the anti-dazzle cup can be made jet black, so that, if necessary, stray light falling on the inner surfaces of the anti-dazzle cup can not continue there is reflected. Such a deep black shiny formation of the visible, the light exit opening bordering inner surfaces of the Abblendtopfs prevents brightening of the Lichtaustrittsausnehmung and dazzling outgoing therefrom and allows greater freedom of design with respect to the contouring of the Abblendtopfs, so that it is better adaptable to the installation environment.

Such a deep black shiny surface may in particular have a maximum diffuse reflectance of less than 2%, preferably less than 1% and in particular less than 0.5%. The deep black formation of the surface can in this case be achieved in various ways, for example by polishing a black-colored pot material or a deep black surface coating, for example in the form of a piano finish coating.

In order to avoid whitening and glare as best as possible, the entire inner surface of the Abblendtopfs can be formed by the focusing optics to the light exit opening including deep black shiny.

The hole heater can basically be used freestanding or free-hanging use, which is prevented by the described Abblendtopf a dazzling effect without further measures such as Abblendpaneele or lampshades. At the same time, however, the hole radiator can also be installed in or behind a cladding or suspension or covering panel, for example in the form of ceiling or wall panels. When using the hole radiator together with such a panel of Abblendtopf can sit with its the light exit opening bordering bottom portion in the corresponding Paneelausnehmung through which emits the seated behind the panel hole radiator its constricted light rays and radiates through it. In other applications such hole radiator, for example, in furniture or furniture or household appliances such as shelves, showcases, refrigerators, mirror cabinet, hoods and the like, the Abblendtopf be installed in a corresponding field in a panel or a wall of the furniture or device. However, is also a freestanding or -hangende arrangement of lighting devices such as chandeliers, floor lamps or desk lamps possible.

Fig. 1:

Eine schematische Darstellung eines Lochstrahlers nach einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung, wobei der Boden eines hülsenförmigen Abblendtopfs kegelförmig angeschrägt ist und eine scharfkantige Lochkante definiert, durch die das abgestrahlte Licht hindurchgestrahlt wird, wobei die Teilansicht a eine perspektivische Darstellung des Lochstrahlers und die Teilansicht b eine Schnittansicht des Lochstrahlers zeigt,

Fig. 2:

Eine schematische Darstellung eines Lochstrahlers ähnlich Fig. 1, wobei der Abblendtopf im Vergleich zu Fig. 1 nicht zylindrisch, sondern kugelförmig ausgebildet ist, wobei auch hier die Teilansicht a eine perspektivische Darstellung und die Teilansicht b eine Schnittansicht des Lochstrahlers zeigt,

Fig. 3:

Eine Schnittansicht eines Lochstrahlers nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, wobei der Lochstrahler mit seinem Abblendtopf in bzw. hinter einem Decken- oder Wandpaneel verbaut ist und der Abblendtopf innenmantelflächenseitig tiefschwarz glänzend ausgebildet ist,

Fig. 4:

Eine Schnittansicht eines Lochstrahlers nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, bei der im Vergleich zur Fig. 3 die Lochkante flacher und die Lichtaustrittsöffnung tiefer ausgebildet ist, um in einem dickeren Paneel verbaut zu werden,

Fig. 5:

Eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Lochstrahlers, dessen Abblendtopf nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung im Querschnittt mehreckig konturiert ist, und

Fig. 6:

Eine Schnittansicht eines Lochstrahlers ähnlich den Figuren 1 und 2 nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, gemäß der die sich in Lichtaustrittsrichtung aufweitende Lochflanke des Abblendtopfes im Querschnitt konkav konturiert ist.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments and associated drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1:

A schematic representation of a hole radiator according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the bottom of a sleeve-shaped Abblendtopfs is tapered and defines a sharp edge hole through which the radiated light is transmitted, wherein the partial view a is a perspective view of the hole radiator and the partial view b is a sectional view of the hole radiator shows,

Fig. 2:

A schematic representation of a hole radiator similar Fig. 1 , where the dimming pot compared to Fig. 1 is not cylindrical, but spherical, here again the partial view a is a perspective view and the partial view b is a sectional view of the hole radiator,

3:

A sectional view of a hole radiator according to a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the hole radiator is installed with its Abblendtopf in or behind a ceiling or wall panel and the Abblendtopf is inside the inner surface side deep black shiny,

4:

A sectional view of a hole radiator according to a further embodiment of the invention, in comparison to Fig. 3 the hole edge is flatter and the light exit opening is deeper, to be installed in a thicker panel,

Fig. 5:

A perspective view of a hole radiator whose Abblendtopf is contoured according to a further embodiment of the invention in cross-section polygonal, and

Fig. 6:

A sectional view of a hole radiator similar to the FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a further embodiment of the invention, according to which the flared in the light exit direction of the Abblendtopfes cross-section is concavely contoured.

As Fig. 1 shows, the hole heater 1 may have one or more LEDs as a light source 2, which may be arranged, for example, on a carrier board. In order to capture and concentrate the light emitted by the light source 2, focusing optics 3 are provided, which may comprise a lens 4 which may be placed or slid over the light source 2 with a cup-shaped light entry surface in order to substantially completely cover the light emitted by the light source 2 to capture emitted light. The trapped light can propagate in the, for example, cup-shaped lens body and is reflected surface of the jacket - which can be achieved by total reflection and / or a reflective coating of the lateral surface of the lens 4 - and thrown onto the frontal light exit surface, from which the light in the form of a cone or a similar constricted beam is delivered. The constricted beam tapers down to a constricting cross section 5, in which the beam has its greatest energy density and can have a maximum diameter of a few millimeters, the diameter can also go to zero, if the constriction in the sense of a focal point completely is constricted.

Without being specifically represented, the lens 4 may be provided with a faceting on the surface of the cover surface and / or on the exit surface in order to improve the light mixing and to compensate for dimensional tolerances, which faceting may also be provided in the case of an alternatively provided reflector.

The hole heater 1 further comprises a Abblendtopf 6, the - like Fig. 1 shows - can have an approximately cylindrical, sleeve-shaped contouring and the lens 4 encloses coat surface side, wherein said Abblendtopf 6 advantageously extends at least from the Einschnürquerschnitt 5 up to the exit surface of the lens 4. The dimming pot 6 completely encloses the emitted light beams on the lateral surface side between the light exit surface and the constricting cross section 5.

As Fig. 1 shows, the Abblendtopf 6 comprises a bottom portion 7 which projects from the outer wall of the Abblendtopfes 6 inwardly or tapers to the Einschnürquerschnitt 5 and there, that is defined at the Einschnürquerschnitt 5, a hole edge 8.

Said dimming pot 6, including its bottom portion 7, may be rotationally symmetrical, for example having a circular cross-section.

Said hole edge 8 is advantageously sharp-edged, in particular acute-angled, wherein on the flanks of the hole edge 8 in cross-section tangents may for example include an angle of less than 60 °, for example 40 ° or less.

From the mentioned hole edge 8, the cross-section of the dimming pot 6 expands on both sides, ie both towards the light-emitting-side and towards the side facing away from the light-emitting means. The dimming pot is formed undercut on both sides of the hole edge 8.

In particular, a hole 9 away from the illuminant, which adjoins the hole edge 8, widens in the emission direction 10 and extends at an acute angle to the main emission direction 10, which is substantially coaxial to the axis of symmetry of the lens 4 and / or coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the lens Lochstrahlers 1 can be.

As Fig. 1 shows, the outer-side hole flank 9 viewed in cross-section may have a straight course and / or define a conical surface, wherein said hole flank 9 can advantageously expand at an expansion angle 11, which can essentially correspond to the constriction angle of the light emitted by the lens 4 or can be slightly larger. If the lens 4 emits, for example, a cone of light with a cone angle of two times 50 °, said expansion angle 11 of the hole flank 9 can advantageously be twice 50 ° or slightly larger, for example in the range of twice 50 ° to twice 60 °, for example twice 51 ° twice 60 °.

The aforementioned expansion angle can be, for example, 100% to 150%, preferably between 100% and 120% of the angle of constriction of the emitted light.

As Fig. 1 shows that the hole edge 8 defining bottom portion 7 of the Abblendtopfes 6 may be formed by a thin-walled bottom web, which projects obliquely inclined to the main emission direction 10 inwardly.

The bottom portion 7 defining the hole edge 8 may have an extension in the emission direction 10 which approximately corresponds to the diameter of the light exit opening 12 and / or may correspond to the spacing of the hole edge 8 from the light exit surface of the focusing optics 3, although other dimensions are also possible.

Alternatively or additionally, the dimming pot 6 may have a diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter of the lens 4.

The diameter of the light exit recess 12, which is defined by the hole edge 8, is significantly smaller than the maximum diameter of the focusing optics 3. For example, the light exit recess 12 may have a diameter, for example in the range of one quarter to one half, for example, about one third of Diameter of the lens 4 is. Regardless of the specific design of the focusing optics 3, the light exit recess 12 a Have diameters in the range of a few, a few millimeters, for example, two to fifteen, especially five to ten millimeters.

Fig. 2 shows a basically similar embodiment of a hole radiator 1 as Fig. 1 , Again, the Abblendtopf 6 defines with its bottom portion 7 a sharp-edged hole edge 8, from which the light emitter facing away from flank 9 expands in the direction of radiation, in which case the expansion angle here also advantageously at least equal to the constriction angle of the emitted light or may be slightly larger.

Compared to Fig. 1 the execution differs after Fig. 2 essentially by the outer contouring of the dimming pot, which together with a lamp housing 2 enclosing the luminaire housing may have a spherical contouring.

As the Fig. 1 and 2 show, the hole heater 1 can be used free-standing or free-hanging, while the Fig. 3 and 4 show an installation of the hole heater 1 behind a Verblendungspaneel 13, which may for example form a Deckenpaneel or a dependency panel or a Raumtrennpaneel, but possibly also the top wall of a baking oven. It is understood, however, that the embodiments according to the Fig. 1 and 2 behind such a panel 13 can be installed, or conversely, the embodiments of Fig. 3 and 4 can be used free-standing or free-hanging.

The hole heater 1 according to Fig. 3 is basically similar to the execution after Fig. 1 , The Abblendtopf 6 also defines here a sharp-edged hole edge 8, from which the light emitter facing away from the flank 9 expands in the direction of radiation 10, in which case the Aufweitwinkel the light emitter facing hole edge 8, however, is smaller than in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 ,

In order to prevent stray glare at the hole flank 9, said hole flank 9 is provided with a deep black shiny surface, which has a maximum, diffuse reflectance of preferably less than 0.5% and may be formed for example by a deep black piano finish coating.

The jet black, glossy inner surface formation on the dimming pot 6 can advantageously not only be provided on the hole flank 9 and / or the inner circumferential surface of the light outlet recess 12 which surrounds the constricting cross section 5, but can also extend over the entire inner circumferential surface between the lens 4 and the focusing optics 3 and the said light exit recess 12 extend inclusive.

As Fig. 3 shows, the hole heater 1 can be used with the tapered bottom portion 7 of its Abblendtopfs 6 in a Paneelausnehmung 14, through which the light is radiated from the back of the panel 13 on the front side in the space to be illuminated.

As Fig. 3 and particularly Fig. 4 The hole edge 8 may also not be sharp-edged or less sharp-edged, in which case tangents placed in the cross-section of the edge 8 of the edge may include an angle of, for example, 90 ° to 120 °, for example 110 ° Fig. 3 shows, according to the said flanks 9 expand in the emission direction.

Compared to the execution after Fig. 3 the illuminant-facing hole flank 9, which adjoins the hole edge 8 in the emission direction 10, according to the embodiment Fig. 4 not contours flared, but substantially cylindrical or contoured slightly tapered in the emission direction, so that emitted by the lens 4 scattered light can fall on said hole flank 9. In order nevertheless to reduce or eliminate a glare effect, here too the inner circumferential surface is made jet black in the aforementioned manner.

The aforementioned deep black, glossy Innemmatelflächenausbildung can basically also in the embodiments of the FIGS. 1 and 2 be provided is there but possibly also unnecessary, since the sharp-edged Lochkantenausbildung no scattered light, so that there directly the materials of the Abblendtopfs such as wood, concrete, plastic, metal sheet or the like. Form the surface of the bottom portion of the Abblendtopfs.

As Fig. 5 shows, the Abblendtopf 6, in particular its bottom portion 7 and / or its Lichtaustrittsöffnung12 also have a polygonal cross-section, for example in the form of a hexagon or a rectangle, wherein a square cross-sectional contouring may be provided, as Fig. 5 shows. In the case of such polygonal cross-sectional contours, the "diameter" of the light exit opening, for example, can be considered the maximum cross-sectional or opening width (in the sense of the diagonal of a rectangle). According to Fig. 5 the transitions of the adjacent, planar patches of such a four- or six- or polygon can be rounded, so that for example in a like in Fig. 5 shown truncated pyramid-shaped bottom portion of the pyramid edges are rounded, see. Fig. 5 , Other cross-sectional contours such as oval or elliptical are also possible.

As Fig. 6 shows, the outside hole flank 9 of the Abblendtopfes 6 viewed in cross-section also have a curved course, in which case different curvature gradients come into consideration, for example. A bell-shaped contouring or a dome-shaped contouring. In particular, the hole flank 9, as Fig. 6 shows, viewed in cross-section be concave, so that an applied to the hole edge 9 straight line 15 rests on upper and lower edges of the hole flank 9 and between air to the hole flank 9 has, see. Fig. 6 , The curved hole flank 9 can, viewed as a whole, form a coupling ring.

Such a concave hole flank contouring can basically have different curvatures when the hole flank 9 is viewed in cross-section. For example, the curvature can be formed uniformly along the hole flank. In particular, the hole flank 9, viewed in cross-section, can also be contoured in the shape of a parabolic curve and / or increasingly increase toward the hole edge 8 be more curved and / or viewed in the light emission direction increasingly less curved.

If you put a tangent 15 mentally to individual sections of the curved hole flank 9 (ie not at the upper and lower edges as in Fig. 6 but at intermediate flank portions), the tangent 15 to the focusing optics 3 is covered by flank portions which are closer to the focusing optics 3, ie according to FIG Fig. 6 are higher, so that coming from the focusing optics 3 light can not reach the corresponding edge portions. At the same time, the inclination of the - imaginary - tangent 15 increases steadily, the further up or the closer to the hole edge 8 it is placed on a hole edge portion. In other words, the tangent 15, when applied to hole flank portions between the hole flank edges, is pushed ever further upwards Fig. 6 ie, getting closer to the hole edge 8, the flatter the tangent 15, so that potential stray light, which is reflected by Topfwandungen above the hole edge 8, not or almost can not reach the hole edge 9, even if such stray light from close to the edge of the hole 8 lying Topfwandungen is radiated relatively flat.

Claims (15)

Hole radiator with at least one light source (2) preferably in the form of an LED, a focusing optics (3) for hourglass-like constriction of the light emitted from the light source (2) on a Einschnürquerschnitt (5), and a veneer with the Einschnürquerschnitt (5) enclosing light exit opening (12), characterized in that the veneer comprises a dimming pot (6) enclosing the focusing optics (3) and / or the illuminant (2), the bottom portion (7) tapering inwards towards the constricting cross section (5) of the emitted light Light exit opening (12) bounded by a hole edge (8), from which the surface contour of the Abblendtopfs (6) in the light emission direction (10) obliquely inclined to a main emission direction (10) expands. Hole radiator according to the preceding claim, wherein said hole edge (8) is sharp-edged, in particular acute-angled. Hole radiator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Abblendtopf (6) from the hole edge (8) starting to both, the Has light-emitting means (2) facing and opposite sides flared hole flanks (9). Hole radiator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the light source (7) facing away from the hole edge (9) is contoured and / or beveled such that a to the hole edge (9) set tangent (15) on the photometrically active light exit surface of the focusing optics (3). passes. Hole radiator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one / the lighting element (2) facing away from the hole edge (9) away from the hole edge (8) at an expansion angle (11) which is at least as large as the constriction of the constricted by the focusing optics Light "wherein the expansion angle (11) of the illuminant facing away from the hole edge (9) is dimensioned in particular in the range of 100% to 150%, preferably 100% to 120% of the constriction angle of the light emitted by the focusing optics (3), wherein the illuminant ( 2) facing away from the perforated edge (9) continuously, in particular continuously extending and / or to the hole edge (9) applied tangents (15) all at least with said expansion angle (11) expand. Hole radiator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the light emitting means (2) facing away from the hole edge (9) forms a conical or pyramidal surface whose cone or pyramid angle in the range of 100% to 125% of the constriction angle of the focusing optics (3) radiated light equivalent. Hole radiator according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the the illuminant (2) facing away from the hole flank (9) is contorted concavely viewed in cross section and / or forms a multiaxial curved dome ring surface. Hole radiator according to the preceding claim, wherein the hole flank (9) is parabolic curved viewed in cross-section and / or to the hole edge (8) towards an increasingly smaller radius of curvature. Hole radiator according to the preamble of claim 1 or one of the preceding claims, wherein the veneer a the focusing optics (3) and / or the illuminant (2) bordering Abblendtopf (6) tapering towards the Einschnürquerschnitt (5) of the emitted light, the Light exit opening (12) limiting bottom portion (7), the visible, the light exit opening (12) enclosing inner surfaces are formed deep black shiny. Hole radiator according to the preceding claim, wherein said inner surfaces of the Abblendtopfes (6) from the focusing optics (3) to the light exit opening (12) are formed deep gloss black, the deep black shiny surface of the Abblendtopfes (6) has a maximum diffuse reflectance of less than 2 %, preferably less than 1%, in particular less than 0.5%. Hole radiator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the light exit opening (12) bordering bottom portion (7) of the Abblendtopfs (6) is formed by a thin-walled bottom web extending from a jacket portion of the Abblendtopfs (6) inwardly. Pit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said bottom portion (7) of the dimming pot (6) has an extension in the emission direction (10) which is a quarter to four thirds of the diameter of the light exit opening (12) and / or a quarter to four thirds of the axial spacing of the light exit opening (12) of the focusing optics (3). Hole radiator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameter of the focusing optics (3) is at least four thirds of the diameter of the light exit opening (12), preferably two to three times the diameter of the light exit opening (12), wherein an inner diameter of the Abblendtopfes (6) is approximately corresponds to the outer diameter of the focusing optics (3). Lighting device with at least one hole radiator (1), which is designed according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, and a suspension or Abdeckpaneel (13) with at least one Paneelausnehmung (14) through which the hole radiator (1) emitted light can be radiated , Lighting device according to the preceding claim, wherein the Abblendtopf (6) of the hole radiator (1) with its the light exit opening (12) bordering bottom portion (7) in said Paneelausnehmung (14) sits, wherein a plurality of hole radiators in at least one row beside or one behind the other, spaced from each other and / or distributed in a matrix-like arrangement.

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