EP1956292B1 - Secondary combustion method and unit in incineration system - Google Patents

Secondary combustion method and unit in incineration system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1956292B1
EP1956292B1 EP06822665.3A EP06822665A EP1956292B1 EP 1956292 B1 EP1956292 B1 EP 1956292B1 EP 06822665 A EP06822665 A EP 06822665A EP 1956292 B1 EP1956292 B1 EP 1956292B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
flame
auxiliary
supply
secondary combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06822665.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1956292A4 (en
EP1956292A1 (en
Inventor
Go Higuchi
Taminori Kinoshita
Toshitaka Hayashida
Jun Fujita
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shinko Pantec Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Kobelco Eco Solutions Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kobelco Eco Solutions Co Ltd filed Critical Kobelco Eco Solutions Co Ltd
Publication of EP1956292A1 publication Critical patent/EP1956292A1/en
Publication of EP1956292A4 publication Critical patent/EP1956292A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1956292B1 publication Critical patent/EP1956292B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/40—Carbon monoxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an art of carrying out secondary combustion of a combustion gas generated from a treated object such as municipal waste and industrial waste in a secondary combustion chamber of a gasification and melting system in gasifying and melting the treated object, or a system comprising a fluidized-bed incinerator.
  • Document DE 19723298 A1 discloses a method and an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 3, respectively.
  • JP 03-075402A describes a conventional system incinerating wastes or the like.
  • This system includes a fluidized-bed furnace formed with a fluidizing zone on its hearth.
  • the fluidizing zone is supplied with primary air to thereby carry out primary combustion of a treated object inside of the fluidizing zone.
  • Above the fluidizing zone is formed a freeboard as a secondary combustion chamber .
  • the freeboard is supplied with secondary air to thereby carry out secondary combustion of a combustion gas generated through the primary combustion in the fluidizing zone.
  • the system according to Patent Document 1 also includes: an oxygen analyzer for monitoring combustion inside of the furnace on the downstream side of the furnace; a brightness detector detecting brightness inside of the furnace; and a means for executing feedback control of the supply of the secondary air based on a detection signal by them.
  • the secondary-air excessive supply may lower the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber, thereby generating more dioxin or lowering the power-generation efficiency of a boiler on the downstream side of the furnace.
  • JP 03-075402 discloses a feedback control of the secondary-air supply based on the oxygen analyzer or the brightness detector to control combustion inside of the furnace; however, the feedback control involves a considerable (frequently, one minute or longer) response delay, which makes it practically impossible to promptly respond to a sharp change in the state of combustion due to the treated-object "excessive supply” phenomenon. It is also hard for the brightness detector or the oxygen analyzer to perform precise detection of combustion inside of the furnace, particularly a rise in the concentration of carbon monoxide.
  • the inventors have focused attention on the phenomenon that a conspicuous flame occurs on the downstream side of a supply position of secondary air, peculiarly when carbon monoxide is abruptly generated in a large quantity. This phenomenon occurs probably because of an extension of the flame due to residence of an unburned gas.
  • a combustion gas generated through primary combustion is completely burned by mixing with the secondary air, thereby extinguishing possible feeble flames remaining almost at the secondary-air supply position.
  • a temporary sharp increase in quantity of the treated objects or the like makes the secondary air relatively in short supply, an unburned gas remains due to incomplete combustion even after the secondary air is supplied, which spreads a flame on the downstream side of the secondary-air supply position.
  • the inventors have confirmed that timing of a occurrence of the flame exactly coincides with timing of a rise of the carbon-monoxide concentration.
  • the present invention provides a secondary combustion method according to claim 1.
  • the prevent invention provides a secondary combustion apparatus according to claim 3.
  • the above described method and apparatus perform proper combustion control based on the detection of presence or absence of a flame on the downstream side of a supply position of secondary air. Specifically, when a flame is not detected, the supply of auxiliary air is suppressed to avoid temperature drop in the secondary combustion chamber due to excessive air supply. On the other hand, if a flame is detected, in other words, if an unburned gas still remains regardless of the secondary-air supply, more auxiliary air is supplied on the downstream side of a detection position of the flame into the secondary combustion chamber than when a flame is not detected. This allows the unburned gas to completely burn, thereby effectively suppressing a rise in the concentration of carbon monoxide.
  • the auxiliary air is supplied into the secondary combustion chamber only when a flame is detected (i.e., the auxiliary-air supply may be set to zero when a flame is not detected).
  • the auxiliary air is supplied into the secondary combustion chamber with the secondary air in operation and the auxiliary-air supply is increased when a flame is detected.
  • the secondary-air supplying means and the auxiliary-air supplying means may be completely mutually independent; however, it is more appreciated that they include a common air-supply source for a simpler configuration into account.
  • the auxiliary-air supplying means includes a auxiliary-air supply nozzle for injecting air supplied from the air-supply source as auxiliary air into the secondary combustion chamber; and the supply controlling means includes an on-off valve positioned between the air-supply source and the auxiliary-air supply nozzle and a valve operating means for increasing opening of the on-off valve when the flame detecting means detects a flame.
  • the flame detecting means comprises an ultra-violet sensor having a detection wavelength of 4x10 -7 m (4000 ⁇ ) or below.
  • the ultra-violet sensor sufficiently excludes, from a target for detection, radiant light from a wall surface surrounding the secondary combustion chamber.
  • This ultra-violet sensor is suitable for executing control in such a way that the auxiliary-air supplying means supplies auxiliary air only when the output of the ultra-violet sensor is a specified value or above
  • Fig. 1 shows a gasification and melting system.
  • the system includes in order from the first step: a feeder 10; a fluidized-bed gasification furnace 12; a swirling-flow ash melting furnace 14; a waste-heat boiler 18 including a secondary combustion chamber 16 according to this embodiment; a gas cooling chamber 20; a bag filter 22; an induced draft fan 24; and a smokestack 26.
  • the feeder 10 includes a refuse hopper (not shown), and a screw feeder supplying refuse fed into the refuse hopper quantitatively to the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 12.
  • the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 12 includes a hearth where a fluidizing zone is formed of fluidizing media such as sand. In the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 12 is performed a primary combustion of refuse fed into the fluidizing zone at a low temperature while keeping the temperature of the fluidizing zone, for example, at 450 to 650 °C.
  • the swirling - flow ash melting furnace 14 there is formed a swirling - flow of combustion air, into which a pyrolysis gas sent from the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 12 is mixed to be burned at a high temperature of approximately 1300 °C.
  • This high-temperature combustion generates heat, which melts an ash content of the pyrolysis gas on the furnace wall into slag; the molten slag is discharged from the furnace bottom.
  • a high-temperature gas discharged from the melting furnace 14 is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 16 of the waste-heat boiler 18.
  • secondary air is supplied to the gas introduced from the melting furnace 14 so as to make the air ratio be one or above, thereby further burning the gas secondarily.
  • the gas having passed the waste-heat boiler 18 is cooled down to about 150 to 200 °C by contact with cooling water sprayed in the gas cooling chamber 20 .
  • the cooled gas is discharged from the system through the bag filter 22, the induced dr.aft fan 24 and the smokestack 26.
  • the secondary combustion chamber 16 includes a gas inlet 30 in a lower-end part and a gas outlet 32 in an upper-end part thereof.
  • the high-temperature gas discharged from the swirling - flow ash melting furnace 14 is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 16 through the gas inlet 30.
  • a secondary-air supply nozzle 34 a little above the gas inlet 30 in order to supply secondary air into the secondary combustion chamber 16 making an air ratio (a ratio of a combustion-air quantity to a theoretical air quantity) be one or above. In the figure, it is arranged so as to inject the secondary air obliquely downward.
  • the secondary-air supply nozzle 34 is supplied with the secondary air through an air pre-heater 38 and an on-off valve 40 from a blower 36 as an air-supply source.
  • this secondary combustion apparatus is characterized by including a flame detector 42 for detecting presence or absence of a flame on the downstream side of (in the figure, above) the supply position of the secondary air by the secondary-air supply nozzle 34.
  • the flame detector 42 can be, for example, a light sensor, and desirably, should have a detection wavelength as short as possible.
  • Fig. 3 shows a wavelength of a radiation from a furnace wall having each temperature of approximately 550 °C and approximately 1600 °C and a detectable wavelength of each sensor.
  • the wavelengths of the radiation from the furnace-wall are relatively long in a range from the visible-light region to the infrared region. Accordingly, a sensor whose detectable wavelength is long will probably detect such radiant light.
  • a sensor having a shorter detectable wavelength particularly, an ultra-violet sensor (e.g., a flame sensor "Ultra-vision” by Yamatake Corporation generally used as a misfire detector for a gas-firing burner or an oil-firing burner) can precisely detect presence or absence of a flame without receiving any disturbance by a radiation of the furnace wall.
  • an ultra-violet sensor e.g., a flame sensor "Ultra-vision" by Yamatake Corporation generally used as a misfire detector for a gas-firing burner or an oil-firing burner
  • a auxiliary-air supply nozzle 44 is provided on the downstream side of (in the figure, above) the flame detection position of the flame detector 42, keeping a specified distance therefrom.
  • the auxiliary-air supply nozzle 44 is connected to the common blower 36 and air pre-heater 38 in parallel with the secondary-air supply nozzle 34.
  • an on-off valve 46 which is connected to a valve operator 48 for open/close operation of the on-off valve 46.
  • the on-off valve 46 is a pneumatic valve, which has a valve body opened and closed by an air pressure in response to an electric signal outputted from the valve operator 48.
  • the present invention is not limited to a specific configuration of such an on-off valve.
  • the on-off valve is permitted as long as it opens and closes corresponding to some control-signal input.
  • the valve operator 48 is connected to the flame detector 42 to operate the on-off valve 46 based on a detection signal outputted from the flame detector 42. Specifically, it judges a flame detected and opens the on-off valve 46 for a specified time only when the level of the detection signal is equal to, or more than, a specified threshold value set in advance. In other words, the valve operator 48 injects auxiliary air only during the specified time from the auxiliary-air supply nozzle 44.
  • the distance between the secondary-air supply position and the flame detection position can be suitably set. However, it is preferable to shorten this distance to an extent that permits a flame occured from the secondary-air supply position to be certainly detected.
  • the distance between the flame detection position and the auxiliary-air supply position can also be suitably set. However, it is preferable to consider a dead time from the detection of the flame until the beginning of an actual injection of the auxiliary-air from the auxiliary air supply nozzle 44. In other words, this distance should desirably be set substantially equal to a distance by which a gas moves toward the downstream side of the flame detection position within the dead time. Since the dead time is substantially equal to time taken to open the on-off valve 46, the distance may be set based on the operational characteristics of the on-off valve 46.
  • Fig. 4 shows a secondary combustion chamber according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in a fluidized bed incinerator 50.
  • the fluidized-bed incinerator 50 has a hearth, on which a fluidizing zone 52 is formed, and a primary-air supply chamber 54 is provided under the fluidizing zone 52. Air is sent into the primary-air supply chamber 54 and blows out as primary air into the fluidizing zone 52 to fluidize the fluidizing zone 52.
  • a refuse-charging inlet 56 Above the fluidizing zone 52 is provided a refuse-charging inlet 56 , further above which, a freeboard 58 is formed as a secondary combustion chamber. Below the freeboard 58 is set a secondary-air supply position 60 for supplying secondary air so as to make an air ratio be one or above, and the flame detector 42 is provided just above the position 60. Further, above the flame detector 42 is set a auxiliary-air supply position 62 for supplying auxiliary air only when the flame detector 42 detects a flame.
  • a means for supplying secondary air from the secondary-air supply position 60 and a means for supplying auxiliary air from the auxiliary-air supply position 62 which are equivalent to those of Fig. 2 .
  • One can suitably set the above described threshold value that is, a threshold value for judging presence or absence of the flame based on the output signal of the flame detector 42.
  • the threshold value is preferably set with consideration as to a balance of the hit ratio and the detection ratio.
  • the supply of auxiliary air is not limited to the case where a flame has been detected.
  • the present invention also includes, for example, an aspect where a small quantity of auxiliary air is constantly supplied with secondary air in operation, and the supply of the auxiliary air is increased (e.g., the on-off valve 46 shown in Fig. 2 is more opened) only when a flame is detected.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show a measurement result for the purpose of verifying advantages of the apparatus shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the flame detector 42 provided is in the apparatus, not only at the position shown by the solid line (referred to below as “the practical-example position"), but also at respective positions PA, PB, PC and PD shown by the double-dashed chain lines in the figure, and output signals from the respective flame detectors 42 are acquired. Further is provided a CO-concentration sensor other than the flame detectors 42 on the downstream side of the bag filter 22 shown in Fig. 1 , which measures CO concentration of a gas actually discharged from the bag filter 22.
  • Figs. 6A, 6B and 6C each shows an output signal of the flame detector 42 arranged in each of the positions PA, PB and PC shown in Fig. 4 and an output signal of the CO-concentration sensor.
  • Fig. 7A shows an output signal of the flame detector 42 arranged in the practical-example position and an output signal of the CO-concentration sensor
  • Fig. 7B shows an output signal of the flame detector 42 arranged in the position PD and an output signal of the CO-concentration sensor.
  • the detection signal of the flame detector 42 in the position PA, closely facing the interface of the fluidizing zone 52, varies more frequently than the number of actual abrupt increases in the CO concentration. This signal cannot teach a timing of sharp rise in the CO concentration rises.
  • the position PB is a position where a bird's-eye view of the interface of the fluidizing zone 52 can be obtained from substantially right overhead near a feeding inlet 56
  • the position PC is a position where the furnace inside can be monitored horizontally from 400 mm under the secondary-air supply position 60.
  • the output signal of the flame detector 42 in each position varies merely slightly, thus indicating no clear rise. Either signal also cannot teach a timing of sharp rise in the CO concentration rises.
  • the position PD is a position where the furnace inside can be overlooked from the furnace top. As shown in Fig. 7B , the output signal of the flame detector 42 in this position is also feeble, thus indicating only a little correlation with variations in CO concentration.
  • the output signal of the flame detector 42 arranged in the practical-example position indicates sharp rises, and furthermore, the output signal of the CO-concentration sensor rises sharply after a substantially-fixed time lag from the rise of the signal of the flame detector 42.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 show monitoring results on variations in CO concentration in actual exhaust gas in the case where secondary air and auxiliary air is supplied when the flame detection is performed (the practical example of the present invention) and in the case where only secondary air is constantly supplied (a comparative example of the present invention).
  • This monitoring is performed by a CO-concentration sensor provided on the downstream side of a bag filter in the same way as the above in the incineration system including the apparatus of Fig. 4 .
  • Fig. 8 in the comparative example, there is indicated a sharp rise in concentration of carbon monoxide with high probability after a rise in the flame detection signal, and further, its peak value often exceeds 150 ppm. Moreover, as is not shown in the figure, there is also an abrupt increase more than 200 ppm in CO concentration, depending upon a refuse-charging quantity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP06822665.3A 2005-11-08 2006-10-31 Secondary combustion method and unit in incineration system Not-in-force EP1956292B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005323589A JP3963925B2 (ja) 2005-11-08 2005-11-08 焼却処理システムにおける二次燃焼方法及び装置
PCT/JP2006/321736 WO2007055125A1 (ja) 2005-11-08 2006-10-31 焼却処理システムにおける二次燃焼方法及び装置

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1956292A1 EP1956292A1 (en) 2008-08-13
EP1956292A4 EP1956292A4 (en) 2010-12-15
EP1956292B1 true EP1956292B1 (en) 2013-04-24

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EP06822665.3A Not-in-force EP1956292B1 (en) 2005-11-08 2006-10-31 Secondary combustion method and unit in incineration system

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EP (1) EP1956292B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3963925B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100996623B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2007055125A1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10690057B2 (en) 2017-04-25 2020-06-23 General Electric Company Turbomachine combustor end cover assembly with flame detector sight tube collinear with a tube of a bundled tube fuel nozzle

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008027336B4 (de) * 2008-06-07 2010-07-08 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Partikelumwandlungsintensität
FR2959298B1 (fr) * 2010-04-23 2012-09-21 Air Liquide Four a flamme et procede de regulation de la combustion dans un four a flamme
KR101668290B1 (ko) * 2015-10-14 2016-10-21 김백민 음식물쓰레기 탈리액을 이용한 열풍 에너지를 생산하기 위한 장치 및 방법
JP7213117B2 (ja) * 2019-03-26 2023-01-26 荏原環境プラント株式会社 ストーカ式焼却炉を備えた焼却システム

Citations (1)

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EP1698827A2 (de) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-06 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoffen, insbesondere Abfall

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10690057B2 (en) 2017-04-25 2020-06-23 General Electric Company Turbomachine combustor end cover assembly with flame detector sight tube collinear with a tube of a bundled tube fuel nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007055125A1 (ja) 2007-05-18
KR100996623B1 (ko) 2010-11-25
JP2007132544A (ja) 2007-05-31
KR20080042857A (ko) 2008-05-15
JP3963925B2 (ja) 2007-08-22
EP1956292A4 (en) 2010-12-15
EP1956292A1 (en) 2008-08-13

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