Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
  • B21D1/02—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling by rollers

Definitions

• the subject of the invention is a method of flattening a flat product in the form of a strip or metal sheet in a nested roller planing machine and the leveling installation enabling the method to be implemented.
• a multi-roll planer For planing flat products and, in particular, strips and rolled metal sheets, a multi-roll planer is often used comprising two planing units each carrying a series of rollers with parallel axes and placed, respectively, above and below. below the strip, the rollers being offset longitudinally and vertically so as to interlock by determining a corrugated path of the strip which is thus subjected to bending tensile effects in alternate directions. Motors make it possible to actuate the rollers in rotation and, by friction, to advance the product at a determined speed. For the planing of thick strips and sheets these machines operate without application of external traction upstream or downstream of the machine.
• a setting parameter of the planing is the rate of plastification, it represents the ratio between the value of the thickness of the product in which the stress has exceeded the elastic limit, the deformation is therefore plastic, compared to the total thickness of the product .
• the principle is based on the progressive decrease of the plastification rate. This can only be achieved with machines having a sufficient number of gliding rollers and allowing a proper adjustment of the nesting of each of these rollers.
• the nesting of the rolls depends on the rate of plasticization required and the thickness and temperature of the sheets to be hovered.
• a high level of plastification is usually required, of the order of 70%. To obtain it in the case of thick plates, it is sufficient to have a small imbrication, but at the same time, the leveling forces are very high and they tend to spread the glider rolls and reduce nesting.
• a leveling installation therefore generally comprises a fixed support cage, two parallel roller leveling equipments placed respectively above and below the strip and whose rollers are nested so as to determine a path corrugated the band and means for adjusting and maintaining the spacing of said crews by pressing the fixed cage for adjusting the nesting of the rollers, each leveling unit having a row of parallel active rollers supported on a frame of support by means of at least one row of support rollers and rotatably mounted at their ends, each on two bearings defining an axis of rotation perpendicular to the direction of travel, said bearings being carried, respectively, by two side parts secured to the support frame.
• the working rollers are motorized by electric motors because large torques must be transmitted to each roller to ensure the deformation and advance of the product inside the machine. hovering machine.
• the lower leveling crew is fixed in position, the upper crew being able to move vertically for nesting adjustment.
• the upper crew being able to move vertically for nesting adjustment.
• it is generally used four mechanical or hydraulic actuators mounted at the corners of the chassis and to adjust the general level of the crew
• the actuators can be set independently and at different values, which makes it possible to determine a changeover between the inlet and the outlet of the planer, which is generally necessary to achieve different leveling effects as required. .
• the efforts developed for planing are very high, especially when this operation is performed on a hot plate after hot rolling and accelerated cooling, or on a cold sheet. It is therefore necessary to give the planers a structure as rigid as possible so as to control the effects of planing.
• the deformation under stress of the different parts of the machine distorts the accuracy of the control of the position of the planing rollers, therefore the value of the curvature obtained on each roll and can, in certain cases make it completely unrealizable.
• hydraulic level planers were made for moving the moving planing equipment, and also for the individual control of each leveling roller, and a capping model based on effort and a theoretical calculation of the deformations of the machine under stress, to compensate for these deformations, but all these compensations are tainted with errors due to the non-linearities of the ceding of the machine and it is not realistic to consider compensating for a defect whose amplitude is ten times or more that of the parameter to be controlled.
• the invention therefore relates to a method for controlling the nesting of the rollers with the desired accuracy and to solve all of these problems without causing complication or excessive cost of the devices used.
• the very principle of the planing by alternating bending is to give the metal products a curvature, alternately in one direction then in the other, with the aid of the rollers of which the nesting is adjusted.
• the part of the thickness of the product in contact with the roller also called intrados, undergoes compressive stresses and the outer part, called extrados, undergoes tensile stresses.
• the elastic limit of the material it is possible to exceed the elastic limit of the material and produce a plasticization.
• the product can be subjected to a planing by alternating flexions in the range of elastic deformations or those of plastic deformations.
• the machine is set to glide so as to produce plastic deformations at least in the first part of the machine, located at the entrance, and less deformations in the exit zone.
• machines with 7, 9 or 11 rolls are generally used.
• 30%, 70%, 40% and then 20% plasticization rates are aimed at the first rolls of a planing machine.
• the rollers of the planing machines are rotated by electric motors to allow the product to advance and to communicate to it the energy necessary for its deformation.
• the theoretical models of planing make it possible to predict the couples to be transmitted for these deformations, as well as the necessary nestings.
• the nesting is not at the value it is not possible to sufficiently deform the product and it has been observed by the applicant company that the actual value of the torques transmitted by the electric motors is much lower than that theoretically provided. Quantified observations have therefore made it possible to design a method for controlling the nestings from the value observed on the torques used compared with the theoretical pairs estimated by the models, or with respect to the desired preset.
• the compensation of the cedings is thus replaced by a real-time calculation model or another device for presetting the couples to be transmitted to the planing rollers associated with a regulation of the difference with the measurement of the couples actually used by action on the position of the rollers of the hovering machine to adjust their nestings.
• the measurement of the torques transmitted to the leveling rollers is corrected by the value of the acceleration and deceleration torques implemented during the changes in the speed of the planing machine.
• each group corresponding to one of the parts of the planing machine, each part comprising separate means for nesting the rollers, a theoretical model or a presetting device giving at least one speed reference value for the planing roller motors and for the value of the electric torque necessary for the plasticization of the product in each part of the machine, one measures in each part, and according to the method of the invention, at least the overall value of the couples transmitted to the group of corresponding planing rollers and the actual value of the torques used for the plasticization of the product in each of the parts is determined, the value determined is compared with the value the torque given by the preset model for the same part of the machine, and acts on the adjusting members for nesting the planing rollers of said part to maintain the torque value thus determined used for plasticizing the product equal to the reference value given by the model.
• the value of the traction induced in the product by the different parts of the independent motorization machine is determined by measurement or by calculation, and the real value is determined for each part. torques used for plasticizing the product, correcting the measurement by the value of the torques necessary to balance the traction present in the product in the areas between each part of the planer.
• a two-part planing machine composed of an entrance part comprising a number of planing rollers, and respectively of an outlet part also comprising a number of planing rollers
• at least the overall value of the torques transmitted to said rollers is measured on the rollers of the inlet or the outlet and the actual value of the torques used for the plasticization of the product in the input, respectively the output
• the determined value is compared with the reference value of the torque given by the presetting model for the input, respectively the output, of the machine, and the adjustment elements of the nesting of the planing rollers of the inlet, respectively of the outlet, to maintain the value of the thus determined torque used for the plasticization of the product equal to the reference value given by the mod model only.
• the actual value of the torques used for the plasticization of the product in the inlet, respectively the output of the machine, is determined by correcting the measurement by the value of the acceleration and deceleration torques implemented during the changes in the speed of the machine.
• a planing machine the value of the traction induced in the product in the area between the rollers of the inlet and those of the outlet is also determined by measurement or by calculation and it is deduced therefrom for the entry and for the the output, the actual value of the torques used for the plasticization of the product, by correcting the measurement by the value of the torques necessary to balance the traction present in the produced in said area between the rollers of the inlet and those of the outlet.
• all of the rollers are independently motorized independently and having separate means (52) for nesting each roll, a theoretical model or a presetting device giving at least one speed reference value for the planing roller motors and for the value of the electric torque necessary for plasticizing the product, the value of the torque transmitted to each leveling roller is measured and the actual value of the torques used for the plasticization is determined of the product, the determined value is compared with the reference value of the torque given by the presetting model for the same roller, and the members (52) for adjusting the nesting of said leveling roller are operated to maintain the value the torque thus determined used for the plasticization of the product equal to the reference value given by the model.
• the measurement is corrected by the value of the acceleration and deceleration torque used during the changes in the speed of the machine to be hovered and is determined by a measurement or by the calculating the value of the traction induced in the product between each roll and the measurement is also corrected by the value of the torque necessary to balance the tension deviation present in the product between the upstream and the downstream of each roll.
• the device for regulating the interlocking of the rollers in a machine for flattening the flat products in the form of a strip or metal sheet comprises a speed control circuit (105) of the rollers enabling it to be servocontrolled to the speed reference given by the model and a control circuit of the roll nesting acting on the position of the rollers by regulating the difference between the torque reference necessary for the plasticization of the product given by the model and the measurement made on the rollers.
• the device of the invention comprises a speed regulating circuit (105) of the rollers enabling its servocontrol on the speed reference given by the model, and a control circuit of the nesting of the rollers for each part acting separately on the position of the rollers of each part.
• the device of the invention comprises a speed regulating circuit (105) of the rollers allowing its servocontrol on the speed reference given by the model and a separate circuit for regulating the nesting of each of the rollers acting separately on the position of said rollers.
• the device for regulating the interlocking of the rollers in a machine for flattening the flat products is of the proportional, integral and differential type and it comprises inputs for the signals. acceleration of the machine as well as for the tensile deviations induced in the product between the upstream and downstream zones of each roll.
• Figure 1 shows the force and torque in the elastic and plastic zones.
• Figure 2 shows a planing corrugation.
• Figure 3 shows the constraints in the product
• Figure 3a shows the stresses in the product (plastic deformation)
• FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents the regulation object of the invention.
• FIG 4a shows schematically the regulation according to an improved mode of the invention.
• Figure 5 shows a side elevational view of a planer.
• Figure 6 shows in perspective the motorization of a gliding machine.
• Figure 7 shows a detailed view of the gearbox of the engine.
• a first corrugation in a planer machine is produced on a product 10 by a group of three rollers R1, R2 and R3.
• the product is bent on the central roll R2 which is nested between the end rollers R1 and R3. It takes a radius of curvature that approaches the radius of the roller and depends on the interlocking rollers, the strength of the product and its thickness e.
• the face in contact with the roller, the intrados is in compression and the outer face, the extrados, in tension, as shown in Figure 3.
• the laws of the resistance of materials show that the variation is linear in the thickness of the product, as long as the stress ⁇ is lower than the elastic limit.
• each undulation, formed in one direction then in the other, is formed by a group of three squares.
• a gliding machine is designed with an odd number of rollers to form an even number of corrugations and not to risk keeping on the product a permanent deformation, due to the planing operation.
• the stress ⁇ can reach the elastic limit E, first in the areas close to the upper and lower surfaces. Then, the increasing curvature, areas of plastic deformation in which the stress is constant in first approximation, extend towards the center and can represent the greater part of the thickness e of the product 10.
• the F force exerted on the rollers is substantially proportional to the curvature and therefore the nesting given to the planing rollers. Then gradually this force reaches a substantially constant value when the entire thickness of the product 10 is plasticized.
• Figure 5 shows a 9-roll machine.
• a gliding machine consists of a fixed support cage 1 upper leveling equipment 2 and lower leveling equipment 2 '.
• the fixed support cage 1 generally comprises a lower bed base 11, two lateral uprights 12, 13, placed on either side of a longitudinal median plane of movement of the product 10 to be hung and an upper bed base 14.
• the lower part thereof can advantageously to be placed in a pit formed in a foundation with two spaced beams or other rigid parts forming a fixed entableness on which rests the lower bed base 11.
• the two bedsteads, respectively lower 11 and upper 14 each consist of a mechanically welded structure forming a rigid slab, of substantially rectangular shape, which covers the entire surface covered by planing crews 2, 2 ', between the lateral uprights 12, 13.
• Each lateral upright 12 (13) consists of a pair of spaced apart columns 12, 12 '(13,13'). These columns and the upper bed, generally forming a rigid slab, are equipped with various devices widely described in the prior art that can cooperate to allow vertical sliding of the bed base 14 along the four columns 12, 12 ', 13, 13' . This movement can be mechanical implementing motorized screws or hydraulic as shown in Figure 5. In this case there are four cylinders 3, 3 'installed at the top of each column.
• each jack consists of a body 31 fixed on the bed base 14 and a piston 32 secured to a rod 33 fixed to the corresponding column 12, 12 ', 13, 13'.
• each leveling equipment comprises a row of active rollers 4 associated with a row of support rollers 5, the assembly being carried by a frame 2.
• Each active roll 4 is rotatably mounted on two bearings defining its axis of rotation. bearing on a support roller 5 rotatably mounted on end bearings 51.
• this support member may comprise an adjustment device which makes it possible to modify individually for each active roll its nesting, the overall value of which is given by the positioning of the bed base 2 by means of jacks 3, 3 '.
• These adjustment devices may be mechanical, such as a wedge system, or may be constituted by hydraulic cylinders.
• Such a planing machine comprises a motorization device capable of rotating all the upper and lower active rollers 4 and 4 '.
• a motor 9 is connected to a speed reducer 8 itself connected to a gear box 7.
• This gear box distributes the necessary torque on each roller active 4 and in the correct direction of rotation, through a plurality of articulated transmission extensions 6.
• FIGS. 6 and 7. The example is shown for a planer with 11 active rollers, five upper rollers 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 and 6 lower rollers 40 ', 41 ', 42', ... 45 '.
• a motor transmits the engine torque to the first five rollers 40, 41, 41 ', 42, 42' of the input of the machine and the second motor transmits the engine torque to the 6 active rollers of the output of the machine.
• Each active roller is connected to an output shaft of the pinion cage by an articulated transmission shaft 60, 61, 61 ', ... 64, 64 r , 65'.
• FIG. 7 shows schematically the distribution of the toothed gears inside the gear box.
• a motor 91 supplies power to the input portion of the machine via a speed reducer 81.
• the output shaft of this gearbox is connected by a coupling to the shaft carrying the pinion.
• P'1 the same shaft attacks at its other end the lower roller 41 'via the articulated elongated shaft 61' .
• the pinion P'1 transmits by meshing the movement to the gears P2 and P respectively connected to the rollers 42 and 41 by means of an articulated shaft respectively 62 and 61.
• the pinion Pl transmits by meshing the movement to the pinion P '0 which is connected to the roller 40' via an articulated extension 60 'and the pinion P2 transmits by meshing the movement to the pinion P '2 which is connected to the roller 42' via an articulated extension 62 '.
• the second part of the machine is driven by a motor 92 through a speed reducer 82.
• the output shaft of this speed reducer is connected by a coupling to the shaft which carries the pinion P '4 of the pinion box.
• the same shaft is connected at its other end to the roller 44 'via the hinged extension 64'.
• the pinion P '4 meshes with the pinions P5 and P4 which in turn drive by meshing respectively the pinions P' 5 and P '3, the pinion P' 3 by meshing the pinion P3.
• the method of the invention is a regulation of the nesting of the rollers from the deviations detected on the couples transmitted, to do this must be associated in the method of the invention, a regulation of the rotational speed of the rollers.
• FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents this regulation according to one embodiment of the device of the invention.
• the module 100 represents the motorization of the rollers and symbolizes the motors, their power supplies and control and regulation circuits. All these circuits are the conventional control circuits of electric motors in speed and torque. They can also be applied to different types of variable speed motors: DC motors or asynchronous variable frequency motors. It is not necessary to further describe those circuits and technologies well known to those skilled in the art.
• the hovering machine can be operated by a single motor or by two main engines as explained.
• Each active roller 4 would have an individual motor.
• the principle of the method of the invention can be applied in the same way.
• the module 100 includes a regulation of the speed of rotation of the engines which is of course the same for all the rollers and operates with the same speed reference Ref V / this reference corresponds to the speed at which we want to move the product 10 and in the direction of scrolling S.
• a measure of the torque supplied by the motor (s) is measured, either by a measurement of the intensity or by appropriate devices installed on the transmission shafts. This torque measurement is introduced into a first comparator 101.
• the torque supplied by the motors does not correspond exactly to the torque required for the plasticization, which is the only one that can be used for the process. Indeed the operation of a gliding machine generally requires significant acceleration to reach the planned speed for planing. The motors therefore provide an acceleration torque that must be deduced.
• a speed signal from the module 100 is inputted to a multiplier 106 which also receives the value of the total inertia J of the rotating parts of the planing machine.
• This acceleration torque is deduced from the torque measured by the comparator 101.
• the comparator 101 In the general case of a machine having a single motor there is no other pair since, as has been said, the sum of the elastic work is zero on each roll and as the machine works without traction in the product at the inlet and outlet, the engine does not provide additional torque.
• the regulation device according to the invention 103 may comprise a control circuit which is a PID amplifier, proportional, integral and differential.
• the control circuit delivers a signal to the control circuit of the nesting 104 which adjusts the position of the cylinders 3, 3 'by varying the position v of the upper bed base 14.
• This action is done through a hydraulic circuit comprising pumps and for example, servo valves but it can also be achieved by any device capable of moving the bed base 14 in a controlled manner.
• These hydraulic technologies are nowadays widely used in various fields and particularly for the clamping devices of the planers and mill stands, they have been the subject of many patents and it is not useful to describe them in more detail.
• a gliding machine having a motorization for the input part and a motorization for the output part according to the representation of FIGS. 6 and 7.
• the input portion of the machine in which it is achieved a strong plasticization can operate in the manner described above from the torque measurement corresponding to that of the engine commander the planing rollers of the entrance.
• the control circuit 104 will control the hydraulic cylinders 3 located on the input side.
• One part of the machine operates with large curvatures and the other with smaller curvatures; the rollers, if there is no sliding, impose the speed of the face of the sheet in contact and therefore a speed of the neutral fiber slightly higher, the overspeed being proportional to the curvature at the point of contact.
• the speed of the neutral fiber is the same throughout the machine.
• the pulls / compressions appear between the rollers and cause slips between the product and the rollers which resolve the unconformity of the speeds.
• These tractions create a driving torque or a resistant torque depending on the roller considered.
• these couples are compensated by additional torques provided by the motors.
• the image of the deformation work performed by the roller is then distorted by the power exchange achieved by these tractions.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
• Milling, Drilling, And Turning Of Wood (AREA)
• Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
• Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
• Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
• Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-11-22 FR FR0511930A patent/FR2893520B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-11-15 AT AT06831122T patent/ATE430634T1/de active
  • 2006-11-15 DE DE602006006715T patent/DE602006006715D1/de active Active
  • 2006-11-15 CN CN2006800436917A patent/CN101312797B/zh active Active
  • 2006-11-15 JP JP2008541783A patent/JP5452930B2/ja active Active
  • 2006-11-15 US US12/094,185 patent/US8127580B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-11-15 BR BRPI0618909-1A patent/BRPI0618909A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-11-15 PL PL06831122T patent/PL1951455T3/pl unknown
  • 2006-11-15 ES ES06831122T patent/ES2326922T3/es active Active
  • 2006-11-15 WO PCT/FR2006/002525 patent/WO2007060310A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2006-11-15 EP EP06831122A patent/EP1951455B1/de active Active

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