EP1900675B1 - Crane truck - Google Patents
Crane truck Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1900675B1 EP1900675B1 EP07116453A EP07116453A EP1900675B1 EP 1900675 B1 EP1900675 B1 EP 1900675B1 EP 07116453 A EP07116453 A EP 07116453A EP 07116453 A EP07116453 A EP 07116453A EP 1900675 B1 EP1900675 B1 EP 1900675B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tower
- crane according
- jib
- vehicle crane
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
- B66C23/74—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/185—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use erecting wind turbines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
- B66C23/342—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes with telescopic elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
- B66C23/344—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes adapted for transport purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
- B66C23/348—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes the erection being operated by jacks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
- B66C23/78—Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/82—Luffing gear
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle crane, in particular a mobile, car or crawler crane.
- Tower turning troughs have a vertical tower standing on a substructure, which is usually designed as a C'xrtter framework, and although they are used, for example, on construction sites, e.g. can be moved by means of a railway delivery - not conceived as vehicles movable in normal traffic.
- mobile cranes are self-propelled road vehicles that are currently being designed for mobile use.
- Mobile cranes consist of a chassis comprising the chassis and a superstructure rotatable on the undercarriage, comprising a slewing gear and a jib.
- the boom can be designed as a telescopic boom in box construction or as a lattice boom.
- the JP 2004-224520A concerns a self-propelled tower crane or a self-propelled tower crane.
- This self-propelled tower crane has a mast, the crane main body and a boom.
- the crane main body has a rotating frame provided in the mast, a boom supporting frame rotatably mounted on the rotating frame, and an A-frame located in the upper surface of the boom supporting frame.
- the A frame is formed of a press member and a tension member, and base ends of the press member and the tension member are rotatably mounted at a tip and a base end of the boom support frame, respectively.
- the tension member is divided into an upper part and a lower part at its intermediate part, and rotatably mounted by a connecting bolt, in order to be folded freely.
- Bolt holes are bored at one tip of one member of the tension members and at an intermediate portion of the other member, and the members are directly arranged or folded by inserting / removing a fastening bolt into / out of the bolt holes.
- the object of the invention is to provide a particular suitable for the installation of wind turbines vehicle crane, which has the lowest possible total weight and can be made ready for use as quickly as possible to keep in this way the Kruutzungs surge as low as possible, but at the carrying capacity or lifting capacity no cuts should be made.
- top-rotating structure with a vertical tower and an attached boom means a departure from that Previously pursued in mobile cranes design principle, according to which the slewing is at the height of the chassis and the telescopic or trained as a lattice truss mast because of the necessary stability in each operating position inclined to the vertical and provided with a co-rotating counterweight.
- a compulsory discharge In the case of the vehicle crane, such a forced unloading so far typical for mobile cranes is not present due to the vertical tower.
- designing the vehicle crane as a top turntable opens up advantageous possibilities for an optionally required additional securing or stabilization of the tower and also makes it possible to realize a particularly simple concept for erecting the tower. This will be discussed in more detail below.
- the boom is inclined relative to the tower. Among them is also a horizontal course, i. to understand a perpendicular to the tower extending boom.
- the boom is preferably variable in length and / or angle-adjustable relative to the tower.
- To change the length of the boom is preferably formed telescopic.
- the boom is a component of a particular transportable as a whole assembly which in addition to the boom in particular a slewing, a luffing, a pulley with lower block and upper pulley and optionally a crane cab and all necessary for this drive means comprises.
- This assembly comprising the boom can be referred to as a superstructure, although understood in conventional vehicle cranes under the term "superstructure" the entire structure directly on the chassis also referred to as the undercarriage.
- the tower is variable in length.
- the tower is designed as a telescope tower.
- the weight of the tower is provided as a counterweight.
- the stability of the optionally additionally secured vertical tower is sufficient, ie the stability of the vehicle crane is at least substantially already given due to the weight of the tower;
- the vertical tower acts as the central ballast of the mobile crane.
- additional security or stabilization measures can be provided for the tower, which will be discussed in more detail below.
- such measures then contribute, to a much lesser extent, to the overall crane weight than the counterweights of conventional mobile cranes.
- one or more additional counterweights is used.
- counterweights e.g. at least one already existing, coupled for this purpose to the chassis of the vehicle crane auxiliary vehicle or auxiliary crane can be used.
- a support is provided for the tower.
- the support comprises a plurality of floor supports distributed around the tower.
- the weight of the tower and the support can be coordinated so that no additional counterweight is required.
- a bracing is provided for the tower.
- the bending stiffness of the tower can be increased, since a at a certain height on the tower attacking bracing reduces the incoming in the calculation of the critical bending load with 1 / L 2 effective length L of the tower.
- the bracing preferably comprises a plurality of bracing elements distributed around the tower, which in particular are each provided in the form of a guy rope.
- the bracing acts on one or more tower segments, also referred to as boxes or shots.
- tower segments also referred to as boxes or shots.
- bracing is at least partially connected to a tower support. Additional ground anchors or other anchorages for the bracing can thereby be dispensed with, but it is also not ruled out that, as an alternative or in addition to anchoring to the tower support, other anchorages are used.
- the boom is provided with a counter-jib.
- the counter-jib is adjustable for varying the bending moment acting on it by the tower.
- the counter-jib in particular variable in length, for example, telescopic, and / or be designed to be angularly adjustable relative to the tower.
- load-induced bending moments - that is to say over the jib carrying the load to be lifted - acting on the tower can be at least partially compensated.
- the tower is at least largely free of bending moment.
- a control and / or regulating device is provided, by means of which the counter-jib is adjustable in dependence on the instantaneous load torque.
- a particular pot or napfförznzge tower receptacle is provided which connects two spaced chassis parts together.
- the tower mount forms a part of the chassis.
- its lower end is preferably separated from the tower receptacle. This separation of the tower and the tower can be transported with a tower on the chassis.
- the tower receptacle is connected to a Schomabstützung.
- the inclusion of the tower is used at the same time for its support.
- the tower is self-righting. At least two variable-length adjusting devices are provided for erecting the tower, which engage at positions spaced along the tower.
- the tower is by means of a first adjusting device acting at a distance from the lower tower end from a substantially horizontal transport position in an inclined position and by means of a in the area of the lower tower end attacking second adjustment from the inclined position in the vertical working position can be transferred. It is preferably provided that the tower is forcibly guided in the region of its lower end, in particular in an at least approximately horizontal direction.
- the erecting principle in which for erecting the tower this is not simply pivoted about a stationary relative to the chassis axis, but the pivotal movement of the tower, moreover, a preferably approximately horizontally extending translational motion is superimposed, it allows in an advantageous manner, the transport position of the tower with respect to tune the chassis optimally to the transport needs, without being set to the required or required for the vertical working position of the lower tower end.
- the tower can be erected with attached trailer.
- the tower can be erected with attached boom either alone under its own power or with the assistance of external auxiliary equipment.
- It is designed as a rigid handlebar holding device provided which holds the angle adjustable on the tower mounted boom when erecting regardless of the tower inclination in an at least approximately horizontal position- This ensures the tower when erecting to some extent itself that the patch boom despite the at Erecting the tower increasingly increasing angle between the tower and boom at least within certain limits in a particular desired position with respect to the chassis remains.
- This desired position of the cantilever can also deviate from a horizontal position, although a substantially horizontal orientation of the cantilever is preferred.
- the vehicle crane can be moved on the road with only three individual transport units due to its low overall weight in relation to the carrying capacity or lifting capacity. This means only a minimum of logistical effort for the transport to the respective site and at the same time a minimum space required when erecting with a relatively low risk of land damage.
- Fig. 1 shows in three different views a part of a vehicle crane according to the invention.
- the in Fig. 1 The part shown is part of a road transport approved first transport unit comprising a semitrailer, not shown, and a chassis with a coupled to the semitrailer front chassis part 23 a and a rear chassis part 23b includes.
- the chassis a the two chassis parts 23a, 23b interconnecting, cup-shaped tower mount 21 is firmly integrated.
- the tower receptacle 21 which is provided with a plurality of connection points 41 for attachment of a tower support explained in more detail below, serves to receive the lower end of a in Fig. 1 In this transport position, the tower 11 extends across the tower receptacle 21 away and rests on the chassis 23a, 23b.
- the tower 11 is telescoping and comprises in the embodiment shown here five also referred to as boxes or shots tower segments 31, 33, 35, namely a lower tower segment or outer box 35 and four inner tower segments or inner boxes 31, 33, the top or 31 lying at its free end a head 45, on which a in Fig. 1 not shown assembly can be placed, which comprises a boom and is also referred to below as the superstructure.
- a first adjusting device 27 comprises a piston / cylinder pair which is articulated on the one hand on the rear chassis part 23b and on the other at a location remote from the lower end of the tower at the lower tower segment 35 is, in the lying transport position on its side facing away from the chassis upper side.
- a second adjusting device 29 comprises a substantially parallel to the horizontal tower 11 extending piston / cylinder arrangement whose cylinder is articulated with a front end to an attachment point 59 on the front chassis part 23a.
- the front end 61 of the piston of the piston / cylinder assembly 29 is in the region of the rear end of the tower receptacle 21.
- the front end of the piston 61 is connected to the lower end of the tower, at the transport position shown in the chassis lower side facing.
- Fig. 1 To erect the tower 11 is also an in Fig. 1 Not shown holding device provided in the form of a rigid arm, which is also explained in more detail below.
- the handlebar is attached with one end to the front end of the piston 61 and supports with its other end from the set up of the tower 11 on the head 45 superstructure from.
- a substantially horizontally extending positive guide 43 is provided for the lower turret end, which comprises two parallel spaced slots or elongated holes into which the lower turret end engages with corresponding guide projections from the inside.
- Fig. 2 shows the aforementioned handlebar 25 connected to the front piston end 61 state.
- the handlebar 25 extends parallel to the tower 11 and is angled upwards in its pushed together at the tower 11 over the head 45 end portion.
- Fig. 2 In addition, four star support for the vehicle crane or its tower 11 forming extendable floor supports 17 are shown.
- the floor supports 17 are connected to the above-mentioned connection points 41 with the tower receptacle 21st At their remote from the '1 ⁇ urmability 21 end portions of the floor supports 17 are each provided on the one hand with a support leg 49 and the other with two overhead winches 47, which have, for example, based on a pawl or locking principle braking mechanism.
- the winches 47 are part of a Turmabhard explained in more detail below.
- Fig. 3 shows the vehicle crane according to the invention with attached superstructure 39.
- the transported on a further truck, not shown, and thus a second approved for road transport unit uppercarriage 39 has a boom 13 which comprises a telescopic mast with four mast segments 65, 67, 69 in this embodiment , namely an upper pole segment 65 with a lower bottle, not shown, two further inner segments or inner boxes 67 and a lower mast segment 69, soft with Wipptechnik 55 and slewing gear 15 is connected.
- the uppercarriage 39 in this embodiment comprises a crane cab 53, the drive means for the slewing gear 15 and the luffing gear 55 and hoisting winches.
- the rigid arm 25 is hinged to the free end of its angled end portion to the rear end portion of the upper carriage 39.
- Fig. 4 To erect the tower 11 with attached superstructure 39 is first according to Fig. 4
- the tower 11 By means of the first adjusting device 27, the tower 11 is transferred from its horizontal transport position into the illustrated inclined position, in which the tower 11 is inclined, for example, at about 45 ° relative to the vertical. Up to this point, the erection movement of the tower 11 is a pure pivotal movement about an axis 71 at the one end of the positive guide 43 for the lower tower end.
- the second adjustment device 29 In the position according to Fig. 4 Thus, the second adjustment device 29 is still in the retracted state.
- Fig. 4 is the already mentioned above, in the Fig. 1 to 3 at least largely hidden Switzerlandgestfite or yoke 81 shown.
- the rigid arm 25 always holds the boom 13 in an at least substantially horizontal position, despite the tower inclination that changes during erection.
- the inner segment package of the telescopic mast of the boom 13 is according to Fig. 4 extended, whereby the center of gravity of the boom 13 and upper carriage 39 of the pivot axis 73 between uppercarriage 39 and tower 11 is shifted away to the front.
- the tower 11 In the in Fig. 5 illustrated state, the tower 11 is in the fully erect condition in which it extends in the vertical direction.
- a star-shaped bracing 19 installed
- two guy ropes 19 which are wound on the fortified on the ground supports 17 winds 47, with their free ends at various Tower segments attached, respectively in the upper edge region of the segment.
- Clamping devices for tensioning the cables 19 are integrated in the floor supports 17.
- the transferred in the manner described above after placing the upper carriage 39 in the vertical working position, supported and guyed tower 11 can now be telescoped after releasing the connection between the rigid arm 25 and upper carriage 39 to the respective desired working length, as in Fig. 7a
- the guy cables 19 are unwound from the winches 47 in accordance with the increasing tower height and can be kept under tension at all times.
- Simultaneously with the extension of the tower 11 or after reaching the respective working length of the tower 11 of the telescopic mast of the boom 13 can be extended and brought by the luffing 55 in the desired angular position relative to the tower 11 to the mast top in the desired working position with respect to height and reach bring to.
- the vehicle crane according to the invention is thus ready for use.
- Fig. 7b schematically shows the vehicle crane according to the invention in the immediate vicinity of a tower 57 of a wind turbine to be built.
- a significant advantage of the vehicle crane according to the invention is that the crane can be positioned relatively close to the tower 57 of the wind turbine due to its vertical tower 11.
- the modification consists in the provision of an additional counter-jib 37.
- the counter-jib 37 is like the boom 13 provided with a telescopic mast and by means of a luffing gear 75 relative to the tower 11 angle-adjustable. Furthermore, the counter-jib 37 is provided with a hanging from his mast top over a pulley ballast 77.
- the counter-jib 37 including the ballast 77, is dimensioned such that it can compensate load-related bending moments, which act on the tower 11 via the jib 13 carrying the load to be lifted, by means of a corresponding counter-torque. Due to its adjustability in terms of length and angle of the counter-arm 37 can be adapted to varying load or torque situations on the boom side.
- the vehicle crane according to the invention is provided with a device which determines by means of a suitable sensor the instantaneous load or the instantaneous torque on the boom 13 and based on the counter-jib 37 sets such that the tower 11 at least largely held without bending moment, ie. essentially only in the vertical direction is subjected to pressure.
- a suitable sensor determines by means of a suitable sensor the instantaneous load or the instantaneous torque on the boom 13 and based on the counter-jib 37 sets such that the tower 11 at least largely held without bending moment, ie. essentially only in the vertical direction is subjected to pressure.
- On cantilever side changes can be responded practically delay without delay by appropriate adjustment changes on the counter-jib 37.
- the crane according to Fig. 9 is different from the one of Fig. 8 merely by the provision of an additional bracing 79 between the boom 13 and the counter-arm 37.
- the bracing 79 is variable in length depending on the angle between boom 17 and counter-jib 37, by means of a separate pulley on the counter-jib 37.
- rockers 55, 75 are relieved.
- the projection of the vehicle crane according to the invention can be limited to the required level for the respective lifting job and thus to the necessary minimum because of the vertical tower 11.
- the vehicle crane according to the invention is free of a required in conventional vehicle cranes forced unloading.
- This makes it possible to use the weight of the tower 11 as a central ballast, at least partially to dispense with the conventional vehicle cranes counterweight and optionally provide for the support 17 of the tower 11 only a comparatively low counterweight.
- the top-sleeving concept according to the invention makes it possible to provide the bracing 19, by means of which the loading capacity of the tower 11 with respect to the tolerable bending moments is increased, which in turn makes additional weights superfluous.
- the existing by the vertical tower 17 itself stability requires - if any - only a comparatively low counterweight for the support 17 of the tower eleventh
- the invention thus provides a vehicle crane, which in terms of its capacity or lifting capacity has a low overall weight and a small footprint and thus relatively quickly and easily moved in the street and can be made operational on site. This results in a huge reduction in Krusutzungs vom.
- the vehicle crane according to the invention can be scaled arbitrarily with regard to its design, in particular with regard to the dimensions and the weight of its components.
- the vehicle crane according to the invention is designed so that it is suitable for the construction of wind turbines.
- the tower 11 has a weight of about 60t and a length in the extended state of about 70m, wherein the upper carriage 39 has a weight of about 60t and the boom 13 in the extended state has a length of about 60m.
- the span of the star-shaped support 17, i. the length of the floor supports in the extended state, is in each case about 18m.
- Future wind turbines will have a hub height of about 145m and lifting loads on the order of 240t, according to existing plans. Also, such wind turbines can be easily installed with a relation to the above-mentioned interpretation according to the invention enlarged vehicle crane. If necessary, this is the variant with counter jib 37 according to Fig. 8 or 9 be used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Fahrzeugkran, insbesondere einen Mobil-, Auto- oder Raupenkran.The invention relates to a vehicle crane, in particular a mobile, car or crawler crane.
In der Krantechnologie unterscheidet man gemäß einer gängigen Einteilung zwischen Turmdrehkranen oder Turmkranen einerseits und Fahrzeugkranen andererseits.In crane technology, a distinction is made according to a common classification between tower cranes or tower cranes on the one hand and mobile cranes on the other.
Turmdrehltrane besitzen einen auf einem Unterbau stehenden vertikalen Turm, der meist als C`xrtterfachwerk ausgebildet ist, und sind - obwohl sie beispielsweise auf Baustellen z.B. mittels eines Gleisfährwerkes bewegbar sein können - nicht als im normalen Straßenverkehr bewegbare Fahrzeuge konzipiert. Dagegen handelt es sich bei Fahrzeugkranen um selbstfahrende Straßenfahrzeuge, die gerade für den mobilen Einsatz gedacht sind.Tower turning troughs have a vertical tower standing on a substructure, which is usually designed as a C'xrtter framework, and although they are used, for example, on construction sites, e.g. can be moved by means of a railway delivery - not conceived as vehicles movable in normal traffic. By contrast, mobile cranes are self-propelled road vehicles that are currently being designed for mobile use.
Fahrzeugkrane bestehen aus einem das Fahrgestell umfassenden Unterwagen und einem auf dem Unterwagen drehbaren Oberwagen, der ein Drehwerk und einen Ausleger umfasst. Der Ausleger kann als Teleskopausleger in Kastenbauweise oder als Gittermastausleger ausgebildet sein.Mobile cranes consist of a chassis comprising the chassis and a superstructure rotatable on the undercarriage, comprising a slewing gear and a jib. The boom can be designed as a telescopic boom in box construction or as a lattice boom.
An Krane werden zunehmend höhere Anforderungen gestellt, und zwar sowohl hinsichtlich der Tragkraft oder Hebekapazität als auch hinsichtlich der Höhe, in welche die Lasten gehoben werden müssen.Cranes are increasingly demanding, both in terms of capacity or lifting capacity and in terms of the height in which the loads must be lifted.
Als Einsatzgebiet für Krane gewinnt die Errichtung von Windkraftanlagen immer mehr an Bedeutung, da ein Trend hin zu immer leistungsfähigeren Windkraftanlagen besteht, die damit nicht nur höhere, sondern auch schwerere Komponenten aufweisen.As a field of application for cranes, the construction of wind turbines is becoming increasingly important, as there is a trend towards ever more powerful wind turbines, which not only have higher, but also heavier components.
Problematisch bei der Errichtung von Windkraftanlagen mittels Kranen sind der damit verbundene logistische Aufwand und die nicht zuletzt durch praktisch nicht verhinderbare Flurschäden mit verursachten hohen Kosten, denn für den Aufbau existierender Fahrzeugkrane, die für die Errichtung großer Windkraftanlagen benötigt werden, müssen aufgrund des immensen Krangesamtgewichts derzeit eine Vielzahl einzelner Schwerlasttransporte an die meist entlegenen Aufstellorte der Windkraftanlagen durchgeführt werden.The problem with the construction of wind turbines by means of cranes are the associated logistical effort and not least by virtually unavoidable ground damage caused high costs, because for the construction of existing mobile cranes, which are needed for the construction of large wind turbines, currently due to the immense crane weight a variety of individual heavy load transports to the most remote installation sites of wind turbines are performed.
Aus der
Die
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen insbesondere für das Aufstellen von Windkraftanlagen geeigneten Fahrzeugkran zu schaffen, der ein möglichst geringes Gesamtgewicht aufweist und möglichst schnell betriebsbereit gemacht werden kann, um auf diese Weise die Krannutzungskosten möglichst gering zu halten, wobei aber bei der Tragkraft oder Hebekapazität keine Abstriche gemacht werden sollen.The object of the invention is to provide a particular suitable for the installation of wind turbines vehicle crane, which has the lowest possible total weight and can be made ready for use as quickly as possible to keep in this way the Kruutzungskosten as low as possible, but at the carrying capacity or lifting capacity no cuts should be made.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The solution of this object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Particularly advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das Konzept eines oben drehenden Aufbaus mit vertikalem Turm und aufgesetztem Ausleger bedeutet eine Abkehr von dem bislang bei Fahrzeugkranen verfolgten Konstruktionsprinzip, wonach sich das Drehwerk in Höhe des Fahrgestells befindet und der teleskopierbare oder als Gitterfachwerk ausgebildete Mast wegen der notwendigen Standsicherheit in jeder Betriebsstellung zur Vertikalen geneigt und mit einem mitdrehenden Gegengewicht versehen ist. Man spricht in diesem Zusammenhang auch von einer Zwangsausladung. Bei dem Fahrzeugkran ist eine solche, für Fahrzeugkrane bislang typische Zwangsausladung aufgrund des vertikalen Turmes nicht vorhanden.The concept of a top-rotating structure with a vertical tower and an attached boom means a departure from that Previously pursued in mobile cranes design principle, according to which the slewing is at the height of the chassis and the telescopic or trained as a lattice truss mast because of the necessary stability in each operating position inclined to the vertical and provided with a co-rotating counterweight. One speaks in this context of a compulsory discharge. In the case of the vehicle crane, such a forced unloading so far typical for mobile cranes is not present due to the vertical tower.
Es hat sich überraschend herausgestellt, dass das Konzept eines nicht drehenden vertikalen Turmes eine Vielzahl von Vorteilen bietet. Insbesondere lässt sich, da wegen der fehlenden Zwangsausladung keine Gegenmaßnahmen z.B. in Form schwerer Gegengewichte getroffen werden müssen, ein vergleichsweise niedriges - bezogen auf die Tragkraft bzw. Hebekapazität - Krangesamtgewicht realisieren, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Mobilität auswirkt, da nur eine relativ kleine Anzahl von Einzeltransporten erforderlich ist.It has surprisingly been found that the concept of a non-rotating vertical tower offers a multitude of advantages. In particular, since there are no countermeasures because of the lack of compulsory discharge, for example. In the form of heavy counterweights must be taken, a comparatively low - based on the carrying capacity or lifting capacity - realize crane gross weight, which has an advantageous effect on mobility, since only a relatively small number of individual transports is required.
Den Fahrzeugkran als Obendreher auszulegen, eröffnet des Weiteren vorteilhafte Möglichkeiten für eine gegebenenfalls erforderliche zusätzliche Sicherung bzw. Stabilisierung des Turmes und ermöglicht ferner die Realisierung eines besonders einfachen Konzeptes zum Aufrichten des Turmes. Hierauf wird nachstehend näher eingegangen.Furthermore, designing the vehicle crane as a top turntable opens up advantageous possibilities for an optionally required additional securing or stabilization of the tower and also makes it possible to realize a particularly simple concept for erecting the tower. This will be discussed in more detail below.
Vorzugsweise ist der Ausleger gegenüber dem Turm geneigt. Hierunter ist auch ein horizontaler Verlauf, d.h. ein sich senkrecht zum Turm erstreckender Ausleger zu verstehen.Preferably, the boom is inclined relative to the tower. Among them is also a horizontal course, i. to understand a perpendicular to the tower extending boom.
Des Weiteren ist der Ausleger bevorzugt längenveränderlich und/oder relativ zum Turm winkelverstellbar. Zur Längenveränderung ist der Ausleger vorzugsweise teleskopierbar ausgebildet.Furthermore, the boom is preferably variable in length and / or angle-adjustable relative to the tower. To change the length of the boom is preferably formed telescopic.
Gemäß einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Ausleger ein Bestandteil einer insbesondere als Ganzes transportierbaren Baugruppe, die zusätzlich zu dem Ausleger insbesondere ein Drehwerk, ein Wippwerk, einen Flaschenzug mit Unterflasche und oberem Rollenzug und gegebenenfalls eine Kranführerkabine sowie alle hierfür erforderlichen Antriebseinrichtungen umfasst. Diese den Ausleger umfassende Baugruppe kann insofern als Oberwagen bezeichnet werden, obwohl bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugkranen unter dem Begriff "Oberwagen" der gesamte unmittelbar auf dem auch als Unterwagen bezeichneten Fahrgestell installierte Aufbau verstanden wird.According to a further preferred embodiment, the boom is a component of a particular transportable as a whole assembly which in addition to the boom in particular a slewing, a luffing, a pulley with lower block and upper pulley and optionally a crane cab and all necessary for this drive means comprises. This assembly comprising the boom can be referred to as a superstructure, although understood in conventional vehicle cranes under the term "superstructure" the entire structure directly on the chassis also referred to as the undercarriage.
Des Weiteren ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Turm längenveränderlich ist. Vorzugsweise ist der Turm als Teleskopturm ausgebildet.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the tower is variable in length. Preferably, the tower is designed as a telescope tower.
Vorteilhaft ist das Eigengewicht des Turmes als Gegengewicht vorgesehen. Anders als bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugkranen, deren wegen der Zwangsausladung stets schräg stehender Mast ein das Krangesamtgewicht beträchtlich erhöhendes Gegengewicht zugeordnet ist, kann bei dem Fahrzeugkran auch bei großer Tragkraft bzw. Hebekapazität auf ein solches zusätzliches Gegengewicht verzichtet werden. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die Standfestigkeit des gegebenenfalls zusätzlich gesicherten Vertikalturmes ausreichend ist, d.h. die Standsicherheit des Fahrzeugkranes ist zumindest im Wesentlichen bereits aufgrund des Eigengewichtes des Turmes gegeben; der vertikale Turm wirkt als Zentralballast des Fahrzeugkranes.Advantageously, the weight of the tower is provided as a counterweight. Unlike conventional vehicle cranes, whose because of the forced discharge always obliquely standing mast is associated with the crane gross weight considerably increasing counterweight, can in the vehicle crane Even with high load capacity or lifting capacity to be dispensed with such an additional counterweight. It has been found that the stability of the optionally additionally secured vertical tower is sufficient, ie the stability of the vehicle crane is at least substantially already given due to the weight of the tower; The vertical tower acts as the central ballast of the mobile crane.
In Abhängigkeit von der konkreten Dimensionierung des Fahrzeugkrans können für den Turm zusätzliche Sicherungs- bzw. Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen vorgesehen werden, auf die nachstehend näher eingegangen wird. Derartige Maßnahmen tragen dann jedoch in einem wesentlich geringeren Umfang zum Krangesamtgewicht bei als die Gegengewichte herkömmlicher Fahrzeugkrane. Es ist aber nicht ausgeschlossen, dass auch bei dem Fahrzeugkran insbesondere bei sehr großen Lasten bzw. Ausladungen mit einem oder mehreren zusätzlichen Gegengewichten gearbeitet wird. Als derartige Gegengewichte können z.B. wenigstens ein ohnehin vorhandenes, zu diesem Zweck an das Fahrgestell des Fahrzeugkranes angekoppeltes Hilfsfahrzeug bzw. Hilfskran verwendet werden.Depending on the specific dimensioning of the vehicle crane additional security or stabilization measures can be provided for the tower, which will be discussed in more detail below. However, such measures then contribute, to a much lesser extent, to the overall crane weight than the counterweights of conventional mobile cranes. However, it is not excluded that even with very large loads or discharges with the vehicle crane, one or more additional counterweights is used. As such counterweights, e.g. at least one already existing, coupled for this purpose to the chassis of the vehicle crane auxiliary vehicle or auxiliary crane can be used.
Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass für den Turm eine Abstützung vorgesehen ist. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Abstützung eine Mehrzahl von um den Turm herum verteilten Bodenstützen.Furthermore, it is proposed that a support is provided for the tower. Preferably, the support comprises a plurality of floor supports distributed around the tower.
Das Eigengewicht des Turmes und die Abstützung können derart aufeinander abgestimmt sein, dass kein zusätzliches Gegengewicht erforderlich ist.The weight of the tower and the support can be coordinated so that no additional counterweight is required.
Vorteilhaft ist vorgesehen, dass für den Turm eine Abspannung vorgesehen ist. Durch eine Abspannung kann die Biegesteifigkeit des Turmes erhöht werden, da eine in einer bestimmten Höhe am Turm angreifende Abspannung die in die Berechnung der kritischen Biegebelastung mit 1/L2 eingehende effektive Länge L des Turmes verringert.Advantageously, it is provided that a bracing is provided for the tower. By bracing the bending stiffness of the tower can be increased, since a at a certain height on the tower attacking bracing reduces the incoming in the calculation of the critical bending load with 1 / L 2 effective length L of the tower.
Vorzugsweise umfasst die Abspannung eine Mehrzahl von um den Turm herum verteilten Abspannorganen, die insbesondere jeweils in Form eines Abspannseiles vorgesehen sind.The bracing preferably comprises a plurality of bracing elements distributed around the tower, which in particular are each provided in the form of a guy rope.
Die Möglichkeit, die Belastbarkeit des Turmes durch eine Abspannung beträchtlich zu erhöhen, ist einer der Vorteile des Konzepts, einen als Obendreher ausgebildeten Aufbau mit vertikalem Turm vorzusehen, da bei einem unten drehenden Aufbau ein Abspannen nicht möglich ist.The ability to considerably increase the load bearing capacity of the tower by means of bracing is one of the advantages of the concept of providing a top-tower structure with a vertical tower, since it is not possible to brace it in a turn-down structure.
Wenn es sich bei dem Turm um einen Teleskopturm handelt, dann ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Abspannung an einem oder mehreren auch als Kästen oder Schüsse bezeichneten Turmsegmenten angreift. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine an mehreren Turmsegmenten und damit an längs des Turmes beabstandeten Stellen angreifende Abspannung, da hierdurch eine besonders starke Reduzierung der effektiven Turmlänge und damit Erhöhung der maximalen Biegebeanspruchung des Turmes erzielt werden kann. Insbesondere kann hierbei die Abspannung im Bereich der auch bei zusammen geschobenem Turm zugänglichen oberen Enden der jeweiligen Turmsegmente angreifen. Vorteilhaft kann eine an mehreren längs des Turmes beabstandeten Positionen angreifende Abspannung aber auch in Verbindung mit einem nicht teleskopierbaren Turm vorgesehen werden.If the tower is a telescope tower, then it is preferably provided that the bracing acts on one or more tower segments, also referred to as boxes or shots. Particularly advantageous is a at several tower segments and thus at along the tower spaced locations attacking bracing, as a result, a particularly strong reduction of the effective length of the tower and thus increasing the maximum bending stress of the tower can be achieved. In particular, this can attack the bracing in the region of the upper ends of the respective tower segments which are accessible even when the tower is pushed together. Advantageously a bracing acting on a plurality of positions spaced along the tower but also provided in connection with a non-telescopic tower.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Abspannung zumindest zum Teil mit einer Turmabstützung verbunden ist. Auf zusätzliche Bodenverankerungen oder andere Verankerungen für die Abspannung kann hierdurch verzichtet werden, wobei aber auch nicht ausgeschlossen ist, dass alternativ oder zusätzlich zu einer Verankerung an der Turmabstützung andere Verankerungen zum Einsatz kommen.It is particularly advantageous if the bracing is at least partially connected to a tower support. Additional ground anchors or other anchorages for the bracing can thereby be dispensed with, but it is also not ruled out that, as an alternative or in addition to anchoring to the tower support, other anchorages are used.
Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Ausleger mit einem Gegenausleger versehen ist. Vorzugsweise ist der Gegenausleger zum Verändern des durch ihn auf den Turm einwirkenden Biegemomentes einstellbar. Hierzu kann der Gegenausleger insbesondere längenveränderlich, beispielsweise teleskopierbar, und/oder relativ zum Turm winkelverstellbar ausgebildet sein.It is also proposed that the boom is provided with a counter-jib. Preferably, the counter-jib is adjustable for varying the bending moment acting on it by the tower. For this purpose, the counter-jib in particular variable in length, for example, telescopic, and / or be designed to be angularly adjustable relative to the tower.
Mit einem Gegenausleger können lastbedingte - also über den die zu hebende Last tragenden Ausleger auf den Turm einwirkende - Biegemomente zumindest teilweise kompensiert werden. Insbesondere lässt sich erreichen, dass der Turm zumindest weitgehend biegemomentfrei ist.With a counter-jib, load-induced bending moments - that is to say over the jib carrying the load to be lifted - acting on the tower can be at least partially compensated. In particular, it can be achieved that the tower is at least largely free of bending moment.
In einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung vorgesehen, mittels welcher der Gegenausleger in Abhängigkeit vom Momentanlastmoment einstellbar ist. Hierdurch kann während des Kranbetriebs der Turm auch bei Veränderungen der Lastsituation am Ausleger stets zumindest im Wesentlichen biegemomentfrei gehalten werden, indem auf Veränderungen der Lastsituation am Ausleger automatisch durch eine Änderung der Gegenauslegereinstellung reagiert wird, beispielsweise durch Längenveränderung oder Winkelverstellung relativ zum Turm.In a particularly preferred embodiment, a control and / or regulating device is provided, by means of which the counter-jib is adjustable in dependence on the instantaneous load torque. As a result, during the crane operation of the tower even with changes in Load situation on the boom are always kept at least substantially free of bending moment by automatically responding to changes in the load situation on the boom by changing the counter-jib adjustment, for example, by length change or angular displacement relative to the tower.
Vorteilhaft ist für das untere Ende des Turmes eine insbesondere topf- oder napfförznzge Turmaufnahme vorgesehen, die zwei beabstandete Fahrgestellteile miteinander verbindet. Hierdurch bildet die Turmaufnahme einen Bestandteil des Fahrgestells. Bevorzugt ist bei in Transportlage befindlichem Turm dessen unteres Ende von der Turmaufnahme getrennt. Diese Trennung von Turm und Turmaunahme ermöglicht einen Transport mit auf dem Fahrgestell liegendem Turm.Advantageously, for the lower end of the tower, a particular pot or napfförznzge tower receptacle is provided which connects two spaced chassis parts together. As a result, the tower mount forms a part of the chassis. In the case of a tower in transport position, its lower end is preferably separated from the tower receptacle. This separation of the tower and the tower can be transported with a tower on the chassis.
Des Weiteren ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Turmaufnahme mit einer Türmabstützung verbunden ist. Hierdurch wird die Aufnahme des Turmes gleichzeitig für dessen Abstützung genutzt.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the tower receptacle is connected to a Türmabstützung. As a result, the inclusion of the tower is used at the same time for its support.
Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Turm selbstaufrichtend ausgebildet ist. Dabei sind zum Aufrichten des Turmes wenigstens zwei längenveränderliche Verstelleinrichtungen vorgesehen, die an längs des Turmes beabstandeten Positionen angreifen.Furthermore, it is proposed that the tower is self-righting. At least two variable-length adjusting devices are provided for erecting the tower, which engage at positions spaced along the tower.
Insbesondere ist der Turm mittels einer mit Abstand vom unteren Turmende angreifenden ersten Verstelleinrichtung aus einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen Transportlage in eine Schräglage und mittels einer im Bereich des unteren Turmendes angreifenden zweiten Verstelleinrichtung aus der Schräglage in die vertikale Arbeitsstellung überführbar. Dabei ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Turm im Bereich seines unteren Endes zwangsgeführt ist, und zwar insbesondere in einer zumindest näherungsweise horizontalen Richtung.In particular, the tower is by means of a first adjusting device acting at a distance from the lower tower end from a substantially horizontal transport position in an inclined position and by means of a in the area of the lower tower end attacking second adjustment from the inclined position in the vertical working position can be transferred. It is preferably provided that the tower is forcibly guided in the region of its lower end, in particular in an at least approximately horizontal direction.
Das Aufrichtprinzip, bei dem zum Aufrichten des Turmes dieser nicht einfach um eine bezüglich des Fahrgestells ortsfeste Achse verschwenkt wird, sondern der Schwenkbewegung des Turmes au-ßerdem eine bevorzugt etwa horizontal verlaufende Translationsbewegung überlagert ist, ermöglicht es in vorteilhafter Weise, die Transportposition des Turmes bezüglich des Fahrgestells optimal auf die Transportbelange abzustimmen, ohne hierbei auf die für die vertikale Arbeitsstellung erforderliche oder gewünschte Position des unteren Turmendes festgelegt zu sein.The erecting principle, in which for erecting the tower this is not simply pivoted about a stationary relative to the chassis axis, but the pivotal movement of the tower, moreover, a preferably approximately horizontally extending translational motion is superimposed, it allows in an advantageous manner, the transport position of the tower with respect to tune the chassis optimally to the transport needs, without being set to the required or required for the vertical working position of the lower tower end.
Das Vorsehen der gewissermaßen "bordeigenen" Einrichtungen zum Aufrichten des Turmes schließt nicht aus, dass insbesondere bei Auslegung des Fahrzeugkrans für sehr hohe Hebekapazitäten das Aufrichten des Turmes durch eine externe Hilfseinrichtung insbesondere in Form eines Hilfskrans unterstützt wird.The provision of the so-called "on-board" facilities for erecting the tower does not exclude that especially when designing the vehicle crane for very high lifting capacity, the erection of the tower is supported by an external auxiliary device, in particular in the form of an auxiliary crane.
Vorteilhaft ist der Turm mit aufgesetztem Aufleger aufrichtbar. In Abhängigkeit von der Dimensionierung des Turmes sowie des Auslegers kann der Turm mit aufgesetztem Ausleger entweder alleine aus eigener Kraft oder mit Unterstützung durch externe Hilfseinrichtungen aufgerichtet werden.Advantageously, the tower can be erected with attached trailer. Depending on the dimensions of the tower and the boom, the tower can be erected with attached boom either alone under its own power or with the assistance of external auxiliary equipment.
Es ist eine als starrer Lenker ausgebildete Halteeinrichtung vorgesehen , die den winkelverstellbar auf den Turm aufgesetzten Ausleger beim Aufrichten unabhängig von der Turmneigung in einer zumindest näherungsweise horizontalen Lage hält- Hierdurch sorgt der Turm beim Aufrichten gewissermaßen selbst dafür, dass der aufgesetzte Ausleger trotz des sich beim Aufrichten des Turmes zunehmend vergrößernden Winkels zwischen Turm und Ausleger zumindest innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen in einer jeweils gewünschten Lage bezüglich des Fahrgestells bleibt. Diese Solllage des Auslegers kann auch von einer Horizontallage abweichen, wobei allerdings eine im Wesentlichen horizontale Ausrichtung des Auslegers bevorzugt ist.It is designed as a rigid handlebar holding device provided which holds the angle adjustable on the tower mounted boom when erecting regardless of the tower inclination in an at least approximately horizontal position- This ensures the tower when erecting to some extent itself that the patch boom despite the at Erecting the tower increasingly increasing angle between the tower and boom at least within certain limits in a particular desired position with respect to the chassis remains. This desired position of the cantilever can also deviate from a horizontal position, although a substantially horizontal orientation of the cantilever is preferred.
Vorteilhaft ist vorgesehen, dass der auf einem insbesondere als Tieflader ausgebildeten Fahrgestell angeordnete Turm einerseits und der Ausleger, insbesondere ein den Ausleger umfassender Oberwagen, andererseits separaten Transporteinheiten zugeordnet sind, die insbesondere jeweils für den Straßentransport zugelassen sind.Advantageously, it is provided that the arranged on a particular designed as a low loader chassis tower on the one hand and the boom, in particular a boom comprising the boom superstructure, on the other hand associated with separate transport units, which are particularly approved in each case for road transport.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine Dimensionierung von Turm und Ausleger bzw. Oberwagen ausreichend ist, die jeweils einen Transport als Ganzes gemäß den geltenden Verkehrsbestimmungen zulässt. Gegebenenfalls vorgesehene zusätzliche Kranbestandteile wie Turmabstützung, Turmabspannung sowie als Aufrichthilfe dienende Halteeinrichtung können zu einer einzigen weiteren Transporteinheit zusammengefasst werden.It has been found that a sizing of tower and boom or superstructure is sufficient, each of which allows a transport as a whole in accordance with the applicable traffic regulations. Optionally provided additional crane components such as tower support, tower bracing and serving as Aufrichthilfe holding device can be combined to form a single further transport unit.
Der Fahrzeugkran kann folglich aufgrund seines bezogen auf die Tragkraft bzw. Hebekapazität niedrigen Gesamtgewichts mit nur drei einzelnen Transporteinheiten im Straßenverkehr bewegt werden. Dies bedeutet nur ein Minimum an logistischem Aufwand für den Transport zum jeweiligen Einsatzort und gleichzeitig vor Ort einen minimalen Platzbedarf beim Aufrichten mit einer relativ geringen Gefahr von Flurschäden.Consequently, the vehicle crane can be moved on the road with only three individual transport units due to its low overall weight in relation to the carrying capacity or lifting capacity. This means only a minimum of logistical effort for the transport to the respective site and at the same time a minimum space required when erecting with a relatively low risk of land damage.
Vorteilhaft können folglich die bislang insbesondere für die Errichtung großer Windkraftanlagen zu veranschlagenden Krannutzungskosten beträchtlich reduziert werden.Advantageously, therefore, the previously estimated in particular for the construction of large wind turbines Krumutzungskosten be considerably reduced.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden beispielhaft unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung beschrieben, Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1-7
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugkrans in verschiedenen Aufbauphasen,
- Fig. 8
- einen Fahrzeugkran gemäß einem weiteren Ausiührungsbeispiel der Erfindung, und
- Fig. 9
- eine Weiterbildung des Fahrzeugkranes von
Fig. 8 .
- Fig. 1-7
- An embodiment of a vehicle crane according to the invention in various stages of construction,
- Fig. 8
- a vehicle crane according to another Ausiührungsbeispiel the invention, and
- Fig. 9
- a development of the vehicle crane of
Fig. 8 ,
Die Turmaufnahme 21, die mit einer Mehrzahl von Verbindungsstellen 41 zur Anbringung einer nachstehend näher erläuterten Turmabstützung versehen ist, dient zur Aufnahme des unteren Endes eines in
Der Turm 11 ist teleskopierbar und umfasst in dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel fünf auch als Kästen oder Schüsse bezeichnete Turmsegmente 31, 33, 35, nämlich ein unteres Turmsegment oder äußeren Kasten 35 sowie vier innere Turmsegmente oder Innenkästen 31, 33, wobei das ganz oben bzw. innen liegende Turmsegment 31. an seinem freien Ende einen Kopf 45 umfasst, auf den eine in
Zum an anderer Stelle näher beschriebenen Aufrichten des Turmes 11 dienen zwei ebenfalls nachstehend näher erläuterte Verstelleinrichtungen 27,29.For erecting the
Eine erste Verstelleinrichtung 27 umfasst ein Kolben-/ Zylinder-Paar, das zum einen am hinteren Fahrgestellteil 23b und zum anderen an einer vom unteren Turmende entfernten Stelle am unteren Turmsegment 35 angelenkt ist, und zwar in der liegenden Transportstellung an dessen vom Fahrgestell abgewandten oberen Seite.A
Eine zweite Verstelleinrichtung 29 umfasst eine sich im Wesentlichen parallel zum liegenden Turm 11 erstreckende Kolben-/Zylinder-Anordnung, deren Zylinder mit einem vorderen Ende an eine Befestigungsstelle 59 auf dem vorderen Fahrgestellteil 23a angelenkt ist. Im eingefahrenen Zustand liegt das vordere Ende 61 des Kolbens der Kolben-/Zylinder-Anordnung 29 im Bereich des hinteren Endes der Turmaufnahme 21. Über ein in
Zum Aufrichten des Turmes 11 ist außerdem eine in
Für das untere Turmende ist des Weiteren eine sich im Wesentlichen horizontal erstreckende Zwangsführung 43 vorgesehen, die zwei parallel beabstandet verlaufende Schlitze oder Langlöcher umfasst, in welche das untere Turmende mit entsprechenden Führungsvorsprüngen von innen eingreift.Furthermore, a substantially horizontally extending
In
Der starre Lenker 25 ist mit dem freien Ende seines abgewinkelten Endbereiches an den hinteren Endbereich des Oberwagens 39 angelenkt.The
In der Stellung gemäß
Zum Aufrichten des Turmes 11 mit aufgesetztem Oberwagen 39 wird zunächst gemäß
Der starre Lenker 25 hält den Ausleger 13 trotz der sich beim Aufrichten verändernden Turmneigung stets in einer zumindest im Wesentlichen horizontalen Lage. Um für das Aufrichten des Turmes 11 günstige Kräfte- und Momentenverhältnisse zu erzielen, ist das Innensegmentpaket des Teleskopmastes des Auslegers 13 gemäß
In dem in
Die Lagen aller beim Aufrichten des Turmes 11 wirksamen Schwenkachsen relativ zueinander sowie die Längen aller beteiligten Bauteile sind erfindungsgemäß derart aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die Steuerbewegung, die durch den sich aufrichtenden Turm 11 über den Lenker 25 auf den verschwenkbar auf den Turm 11. aufgesetzten Oberwagen 39 übertragen wird, den Oberwagen 39 während des gesamten Aufrichtvorgangs und damit unabhängig von der Turmneigung stets in der zumindest im Wesentlichen horizontalen Solllage hält.The positions of all effective when erecting the
Nachdem der Turm 11 in die vertikale Arbeitsstellung überführt ist, wird gemäß
Spanneinrichtungen zum Spannen der Seile 19 sind in die Bodenstützen 17 integriert.Clamping devices for tensioning the
Der auf die vorstehend beschriebene Weise nach dem Aufsetzen des Oberwagens 39 in die vertikale Arbeitsstellung überführte, abgestützte und abgespannte Turm 11 kann nunmehr nach Lösen der Verbindung zwischen starrem Lenker 25 und Oberwagen 39 auf die jeweils gewünschte Arbeitslänge teleskopiert werden, wie in
Der erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugkran ist damit einsatzbereit.The vehicle crane according to the invention is thus ready for use.
Der Gegenausleger 37 einschließlich des Ballastes 77 ist derart dimensioniert, dass er lastbedingte Biegemomente, die über den die zu hebende Last tragenden Ausleger 13 auf den Turm 11 einwirken, durch ein entsprechendes Gegenmoment kompensieren kann. Aufgrund seiner Verstellbarkeit hinsichtlich Länge und Winkel kann der Gegenausleger 37 an variierende Last- bzw. Momentensituationen auf der Auslegerseite angepasst werden.The counter-jib 37, including the
Vorzugsweise ist der erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugkran mit einer Einrichtung versehen, die mittels einer geeigneten Sensorik die Momentanlast bzw. das Momentanmoment am Ausleger 13 ermittelt und darauf basierend den Gegenausleger 37 derart einstellt, dass der Turm 11 zumindest weitgehend biegemomentfrei gehalten, d.h. im Wesentlichen nur in vertikaler Richtung auf Druck belastet wird. Auf auslegerseitige Veränderungen kann praktisch verzögerungsfrei durch entsprechende Einstellungsveränderungen am Gegenausleger 37 reagiert werden.Preferably, the vehicle crane according to the invention is provided with a device which determines by means of a suitable sensor the instantaneous load or the instantaneous torque on the
Der Fahrzeugkran gemäß
Die Ausladung des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugkranes kann wegen des vertikalen Turmes 11 auf das für den jeweiligen Hebejob erforderliche Maß und damit auf das notwendige Minimum beschränkt werden. Damit ist der erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugkran frei von einer bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugkranen erforderlichen Zwangsausladung. Dies ermöglicht es, das Eigengewicht des Turmes 11 als Zentralballast zu verwenden, auf das bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugkranen übliche Gegengewicht zumindest teilweise zu verzichten und gegebenenfalls für die Abstützung 17 des Turmes 11 nur ein vergleichsweise geringes Gegengewicht vorzusehen. Das erfindungsgemäße Obendreher-Konzept ermöglicht das Vorsehen der Abspannung 19, durch welche die Belastbarkeit des Turmes 11 hinsichtlich der tolerierbaren Biegemomente erhöht wird, was wiederum zusätzliche Gewichte überflüssig macht. Die durch den vertikalen Turm 17 selbst bereits vorhandene Standsicherheit erfordert- wenn überhaupt - nur ein vergleichsweise geringes Gegengewicht für die Abstützung 17 des Turmes 11.The projection of the vehicle crane according to the invention can be limited to the required level for the respective lifting job and thus to the necessary minimum because of the
Die Erfindung schafft damit einen Fahrzeugkran, der bezogen auf seine Tragkraft bzw. Hebekapazität ein niedriges Gesamtgewicht und einen geringen Platzbedarf aufweist und dadurch vergleichsweise schnell und einfach im Straßenverkehr bewegt und am Einsatzort betriebsbereit gemacht werden kann. Dies resultiert in einer enormen Reduzierung der Krannutzungskosten.The invention thus provides a vehicle crane, which in terms of its capacity or lifting capacity has a low overall weight and a small footprint and thus relatively quickly and easily moved in the street and can be made operational on site. This results in a huge reduction in Krusutzungskosten.
Der erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugkran ist hinsichtlich seiner Auslegung insbesondere in Bezug auf die Abmessungen und das Gewicht seiner Bestandteile grundsätzlich beliebig skalierbar. Vorzugsweise ist der erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugkran so ausgelegt, dass er für die Errichtung von Windkraftanlagen geeignet ist.In principle, the vehicle crane according to the invention can be scaled arbitrarily with regard to its design, in particular with regard to the dimensions and the weight of its components. Preferably, the vehicle crane according to the invention is designed so that it is suitable for the construction of wind turbines.
Für die Errichtung von derzeit bereits existierenden Windkraftanlagen, die eine Nabenhöhe von etwa 85 - 100m aufweisen und bei denen die zu hebenden Lasten bis zu etwa 52t betragen, ist gemäß einem möglichen Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehen, dass der Turm 11 ein Gewicht von ungefähr 60t und eine Länge im ausgefahrenen Zustand von ungefähr 70m aufweist, wobei der Oberwagen 39 ein Gewicht von ungefähr 60t und dessen Ausleger 13 im ausgefahrenen Zustand eine Länge von etwa 60m besitzt. Die Stützweite der sternförmigen Abstützung 17, d.h. die Länge der Bodenstützen im ausgefahrenen Zustand, beträgt dabei jeweils etwa 18m.For the construction of currently existing wind turbines, which have a hub height of about 85 - 100m and in which the loads to be lifted are up to about 52t, it is provided according to a possible embodiment that the
Zukünftige Windkraftanlagen werden gemäß bereits existierenden Planungen eine Nabenhöhe von ungefähr 145m und zu hebende Lasten in der Größenordnung von 240t aufweisen. Auch derartige Windkraftanlagen können mit einem gegenüber der vorstehend erwähnten Auslegung entsprechend vergrößerten erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugkran problemlos aufgestellt werden. Gegebenenfalls wird hierfür die Variante mit Gegenausleger 37 gemäß
- 1111
- Turmtower
- 1313
- Auslegerboom
- 1515
- Drehwerkslewing
- 1717
- Abstützung, BodenstützeSupport, floor support
- 1919
- Abspannung, AbspannseilBracing, guy rope
- 2121
- TurmaufnahrneTurmaufnahrne
- 23a23a
- vorderes Fahrgestellteilfront chassis part
- 23b23b
- hinteres Fahrgestellteilrear chassis part
- 2525
- Halteeinrichtung, starrer LenkerHolding device, rigid handlebar
- 2727
- erste Verstelleinrichtungfirst adjusting device
- 2929
- zweite Verstelleinrichtungsecond adjustment
- 31 131 1
- oberes TurmsegmentUpper tower segment
- 3333
- Zwischensegment des TurmesIntermediate segment of the tower
- 3535
- unteres Turmsegmentlower tower segment
- 3737
- Gegenauslegercounter-jib
- 3939
- Oberwagensuperstructure
- 4141
- Verbindungsstellejunction
- 4343
- Zwangsführungforced control
- 4545
- Kopfhead
- 4747
- Winde mit BremsmechanismusWinch with brake mechanism
- 4949
- StützfußSupport foot
- 5353
- Kabinecabin
- 5555
- WippwerkBoom elevation
- 5757
- Turm einer WindkraftanlageTower of a wind turbine
- 5959
- Befestigungsstellefastening point
- 6161
- vorderes Kolbenendefront piston end
- 6565
- oberes Mastsegmentupper pole segment
- 6767
- Zwischensegment des AuslegermastesIntermediate segment of the jib
- 6969
- unteres Mastsegmentlower pole segment
- 7171
- Schwenkachse für unteres TurmendeSwivel axis for lower tower end
- 7373
- Schwenkachse zwischen Ausleger und TurmSwivel axis between boom and tower
- 7575
- WippwerkBoom elevation
- 7777
- Ballastballast
- 7979
- Abspannungguying
- 8181
- Zuggestänge, JochDrawbar, yoke
Claims (19)
- A vehicle crane, in particular a mobile crane, truck-mounted crane or crawler crane, comprising a mounting which is configured as a top slewing crane and comprises a vertical tower (11) and a jib (13) on the tower (11), wherein:- the tower (11) is configured to be self-erecting;- a tower receiver (21) is provided for the lower end of the tower (11), wherein the lower end of the tower (11) is separated from the tower receiver (21) when the tower (11) is situated in its transport position; and wherein- the tower (11) can be conveyed from a substantially horizontal transport position to an oblique position and from the oblique position to the vertical working position, wherein the tower (11) is positively guided in the region of its lower end,characterised in that- a holding device (25) is provided which is configured as a rigid guider and keeps the jib (13), which is placed on the tower (11) in such a way that it can be angularly adjusted, in an at least approximately horizontal position when the tower (11) is being erected, independently of the inclination of the tower.
- The vehicle crane according to claim 1, characterised in that the tower receiver (21) is connected to a tower support (17).
- The vehicle crane according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the tower receiver (21) is cup-shaped or bowl-shaped.
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least two variable-length adjusting devices (27, 29) which attach at positions spaced along the tower (11) are provided for erecting the tower (11).
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tower (11) can be conveyed from the substantially horizontal transport position to the oblique position by means of a first adjusting device (27) which attaches at a distance from the lower end of the tower, and can be conveyed from the oblique position to the vertical working position by means of a second adjusting device (29) which attaches in the region of the lower end of the tower.
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tower (11) can be erected with the jib (13) placed on it, in particular erected together with the superstructure (39) which comprises the jib (13).
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the jib (13) is inclined with respect to the tower (11).
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the jib (13) is variable in length, preferably telescopic, and/or can be angularly adjusted relative to the tower (11).
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tower (11) is variable in length, preferably telescopic.
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inherent weight of the tower (11) is provided as a counterweight.
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a support (17) is provided for the tower (11) and preferably comprises a plurality of ground supports which are distributed around the tower (11).
- The vehicle crane according to claim 11, characterised in that the support (17) and the inherent weight of the tower (11) are adjusted to each other, such that an additional counterweight is not required.
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a bracing (19) is provided for the tower (11) and preferably comprises a plurality of bracing units which are distributed around the tower (11).
- The vehicle crane according to claim 13, characterised in that the tower (11) is telescopic and the bracing (19) attaches at one or more tower segments (31, 33, 35).
- The vehicle crane according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the bracing (19) is at least partially anchored to a tower support (17).
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the jib (13) is provided with a counter jib (37), wherein the counter jib (37) can preferably be set in order to vary the bending moment acting on the tower (11) through the counter jib (37) and is in particular variable in length, preferably telescopic, and/or can be angularly adjusted relative to the tower (11).
- The vehicle crane according to claim 16, characterised in that load-related bending moments can be compensated for by means of the counter jib (37), preferably such that the tower (11) is at least largely free of bending moments, wherein a control and/or regulating device is preferably provided, by means of which the counter jib (37) can be set in accordance with the current load torque.
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tower receiver (21) connects two spaced bogie parts (23a, 23b) to each other.
- The vehicle crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tower (11), which is arranged on a bogie (23a, 23b) which is in particular configured as a low loader, on the one hand and the jib (13), in particular a superstructure (39) which comprises the jib (13), on the other hand are assigned to separate transport units which are in particular each approved for road transport.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE502004011788T DE502004011788D1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | mobile crane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04028739A EP1666401B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Mobile crane |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04028739.3 Division | 2004-12-03 | ||
EP04028739A Division EP1666401B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Mobile crane |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1900675A2 EP1900675A2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
EP1900675A3 EP1900675A3 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
EP1900675B1 true EP1900675B1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
Family
ID=34927650
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP07116453A Expired - Fee Related EP1900675B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Crane truck |
EP04028739A Expired - Fee Related EP1666401B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Mobile crane |
EP07116452A Expired - Fee Related EP1894883B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Crane vehicle |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04028739A Expired - Fee Related EP1666401B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Mobile crane |
EP07116452A Expired - Fee Related EP1894883B1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Crane vehicle |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7828162B2 (en) |
EP (3) | EP1900675B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP2008532876A (en) |
KR (4) | KR20070086923A (en) |
CN (2) | CN101068744B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2589048C (en) |
DE (2) | DE502004011788D1 (en) |
ES (3) | ES2352807T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006058751A2 (en) |
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JP4245361B2 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2009-03-25 | Ihi建機株式会社 | Self-propelled tower crane |
DE10315989B4 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2007-10-25 | Grove U.S. Llc | Clamping system for a mobile telescopic crane |
ES2396120T3 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2013-02-19 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Maintenance method of the external components of a wind turbine such as the blades of a wind turbine and the tower with a work platform and work platform |
JP4402923B2 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2010-01-20 | 株式会社タダノ | Tower crane |
US7341158B2 (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2008-03-11 | Kobelco Cranes Co., Ltd. | Traveling crane and assembling/disassembling method thereof |
-
2004
- 2004-12-03 ES ES07116452T patent/ES2352807T3/en active Active
- 2004-12-03 EP EP07116453A patent/EP1900675B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015003982A1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-29 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | crane tower |
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