EP1065166B2 - Telescopic crane - Google Patents

Abstract

A jib is fitted with one or more bracing supports (2) tilted towards a rocking level that link to a tension device (6,7) running along the jib. The bracing support's angle of tilt is selected in such a way that the lateral load having an impact on the jib is taken up partially or completely by bracing.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a telescopic crane, which consists of an undercarriage, a superstructure rotatably mounted thereon, a counterweight and a boom, which in turn has a main boom with a base box and at least one retractable and telescoping telescopic section.

STATE OF THE ART

Telescopic cranes of the aforementioned type are known. That's how it shows DE 29 17 829 A1 a mobile crane with telescopic boom, which is pivotally articulated to a rotatable superstructure. In the vehicle crane presented here, the buoyancy of the crane is to be increased by a arranged on the superstructure of the vehicle crane receiving and lifting device is provided for an additional counterweight. The receiving and lifting device may have a back projecting support, which is suitably directed obliquely backwards and upwards and lowered for receiving the additional counterweight. It is pointed out that it would be of particular advantage if the support is connected to the telescopic boom above its articulation on the superstructure, as this causes a bending and buckling relief of the telescopic boom. To connect the support and the telescopic boom in particular a tensioning cable is proposed.

A similar mobile crane with telescopic boom is in the DE 31 39 853 A1 described. Again, a counterweight is provided, which can be brought to a corresponding projection by means of a mounted on the superstructure of the vehicle, backward, changeable in its inclination mast. The projection of the counterweight is controllable in response to the change in the center of gravity of the device due to the pivoting of the boom.

The DE 38 38 975 C2 also shows a telescopic crane with a swing-out mast for a fixed to a hanger counterweight. The mast can be erected by a mast cylinder supported on the uppercarriage. The mast itself has a telescopic extension, at the top of a pivot point for a variable-length suspension device and a variable-length guying device for the variable-length boom is present.

Telescopic cranes of the type described above are exposed in the extended state depending on the angle of attack different sized loads. At shallow and medium angles of attack, the loads occurring in the clamping of the extended telescopic sections are an essential criterion for the maximum load. For such a load case, a so-called Superliftbetrieb has been developed as a torque relief. So is out of the DE 31 13 763 A1 a basic embodiment of a telescopic crane, which allows a Superliftbetrieb revealed. In the field of articulation of a rocker cylinder for the main boom is in accordance with the DE 31 13 763 A1 arranged on the base box a transversely extending to the boom upwards jib. The free end of this guy trestle is connected by ropes or rope strands to the end of one of the telescopic sections and the foot of the main boom. A detailed solution provides that the guy block consists of mutually spaced from the base box, upwardly extending struts, which are rigidly interconnected. Furthermore, it is stated that the guy clamp can be folded into a transport position on the base box. The connection between jib and boom foot is also proposed as unchangeable in length. In addition, a winch assembly is provided to vary the length of the cable provided between the jib and the telescopic boom. In addition, a control device for the winches for applying a predetermined tensile force on the guy trestle and the associated bracing can be provided. It is mentioned in the description that can be reduced by training with itself from the base upwardly extending struts, which have a fixed distance to each other and only like a guy block in the rocker pivot, lateral bending deformations of the boom system, for example, by wind forces or Load swinging can arise.

For the sake of good order, it should be noted that the rocker plane is the plane in which the boom moves when it is pivoted about its horizontal pivot axis. The rocker plane is therefore perpendicular to the rocker axis of the boom.

A realized telescopic crane with a "superlift" is, for example, from the company brochure: Mannesmann Demag Fördertechnik; Demag AC 1600; 04/96, pages 5, 17 and 27 or even out DE 38 40 408 C2 known. Thus, to increase the payload and to reduce the deflection of the extended main boom on the base box of the main boom a deductible on the base box Abspannbock is arranged. This guy trestle is connected to the head region or collar of one of the inner telescopic sections with a nearly length-independent bracing with the foot region of the main boom on the one hand and with a further bracing, which is usually variable in length. This stiffening arrangement is applicable to the basic unit alone, but also in connection with the arrangement of a rigid or rocking jib formed of lattice mast parts.

A Superliftbetrieb similar configuration is in the DE 297 20 972 U1 described. The telescopic boom shown here comprises a cable which engages the lower end of the boom and is guided in the manner of a guy bracket via a device which is assigned to the arm base body and whose angular position can be adjusted. Thus, the return rope used as a guy rope, which serves to catch up the various telescopic shots of such a telescopic boom, exercise a stabilizing effect on the boom and in particular prevent unacceptable deflection of the telescopic boom. The guying device which takes over the function of a guy truss comprises a linkage, which can be swiveled about an articulation point on the telescopic boom or its base box. To set up a piston-cylinder device is available. It has been found that this linkage is variable in its angular position relative to the telescopic boom, ie in the rocker plane. This prevents bending of the boom in the rocker plane, but does not prevent lateral deflection.

Finally, it should be noted that from the DE 1 751 383 a crane boom in shell construction is known. This crane boom consists of a single torsionally rigid support body with preferably circular cross-section. The support body is over and / or under tensioned. As a particular embodiment, an all-round overvoltage is provided, which is done with spars. In particular, one or more stem carriers are provided on the crane boom, at the radially outer ends of the spars are mounted and extending along the crane jib. This Stemträger and the spars form a spatially fixed tension on the crane boom. Obviously, this crane boom is intended for tower cranes.

One of the DE 1 751 383 similar design of a mast of a tower crane or here a derrick crane is from the magazine " German Lifting and Conveying Technology ", 1972, pages 576 - 580 known. Here also on a lattice tower as well as a lattice mast realized fixed tension and struts are shown.

A boom with horizontal Seilabspannung is from the DE 37 34 919 A1 known. The pivotable boom shown here has a plurality of parallel to the pivot axis extending trusses, which are guyed over cables. The trusses are ultimately the boom extension shown is nothing more than a strained carrier with solid trusses. Incidentally, this type of boom is provided for, for example, crawler mobile support frame.

An outrigger of a crane for container operation is out of the DE 1 531 155 known. In particular, the special problem of handling containers will be discussed. Disclosed is a luffing jib of a double-linkage luffing crane in which there are two beak-like spreadable arms forming the outer part of the boom which carry two head rollers or head roller groups. The arms are lockable in such a spreading position, in which the distance that the centers of the two rollers or groups of rollers from each other, is approximately equal to the distance between the centers of the container cross-wearing Hubseilgehänge. The two arms are stiffened against each other in the coupled state and are positively and shear-resistant connected. The spreadable arms themselves are again, as already explained before, braced against bending over a guy clamp.

It has now been shown that telescopic cranes of the type described above in steep position even with the use of the aforementioned Superlift technology can only record a limited load.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem underlying the invention is to provide a telescopic crane, which can accommodate even in steep positions of the boom an increased load with less lateral deformation.

This technical problem is solved by a telescopic crane with undercarriage, rotatably mounted thereon superstructure, counterweight and a boom having a main boom with a base box and at least one retractable and telescoping telescopic section, at least one arranged on the boom guy support is present with is connected to a running substantially in the longitudinal direction of the boom clamping means and their inclination is tiltable to the rocker plane.

It is, in particular individually adapted to the respective rocker position of the boom, an increase in the load achieved, especially in a steep position, because, as has been shown, in this case often the lateral deformation of the boom is the load-limiting criterion, but now by the in The inclination to the seesaw level changeable guy support also targeted lateral forces acting on the boom, can be recorded. In particular, such a design can also have a dual function, namely to the effect that in one operating position, a normal Superliftbetrieb and in another operating position, a combination of superlift and lateral bracing is feasible. In normal Superliftbetrieb the new guy support according to the invention is in the rocker plane or parallel thereto. With the combination of superlift and lateral bracing, the bracing support assumes an angular position relative to the teetering plane.

In an exemplary embodiment, the inclination of the guy support in a plane transversely and / or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction of the boom is variable. In other words, the The bracing support can be tilted relative to the rocker plane in planes that are perpendicular to it.

The change in the inclination of the rocker plane can be adjustable stepwise or continuously by pivoting the at least one guy support. A simple embodiment provides that only a plurality of different stages of inclinations to the rocker plane are ingestible. Another embodiment may provide that the inclination in the range of greater than 0 ° to 90 ° relative to the rocker plane is adjustable, which allows a more accurate adaptation to the respective up position of the boom and the loads to be considered.

For example, on the boom at least one inclined relative to the seesaw leveling support is arranged, which is connected to a running substantially in the longitudinal direction of the boom clamping means, wherein the inclination of the guy support is chosen so that the lateral load acting on the boom partially or completely by the bracing is recorded. The inclination of the guy support can be transverse to the longitudinal direction or in the longitudinal direction or superimposed transversely to and in the longitudinal direction of the boom.

Preferably, two inclined guy supports are provided on the upper side of the respective boom element, wherein as a rule the angle inclination of both guy supports is the same. But it can also be different depending on the direction of the forces acting on the boom. The foot ends of both guy supports can be connected at a common location to the top of the boom, but also offset from one another. According to a further feature of the invention, the foot end of at least one guy support is connected to the boom in the transition region between the upper side or the respective side wall. Alternatively, it is also possible to arrange the foot end of at least one guy support on a transverse to the longitudinal axis of the boom and beyond this projecting carrier.

The exemplary arrangement has the advantage that, depending on the angular position of the guy supports, the proportion of the guy force acting in the lateral direction can be changed continuously or continuously. In the case of the arrangement of two staggered anchoring supports, this means that in one extreme position, ie in the vertical staging, the two parallel anchoring supports have the same effect in the sense of a superlift operation as the known guy truss. In an angular position <90 ° to> 0 ° for the two guy supports, the effective clamping force is divided into a component Superliftbetrieb and a component lateral bracing. In the second extreme position, ie in the horizontal position, cause the two guy supports only a gain in both lateral directions.

The respective free head end of the guy support is via a first clamping means optionally with the undercarriage, the uppercarriage, the foot area of the boom, the fixed or separately guided counterweight or the ground in the direction of the foot end of the boom and another clamping means with a selected location of the boom in Connected to the boom head. The respective desired angular position of the guy supports can be adjusted stepwise or continuously by pivoting the guy supports. This also allows an asymmetrical angle adjustment. This means that at an attacking lateral force only on one side of the respective guy supports is inclined more in the direction of lateral bracing, while the second guy support remains in a central position.

Since the distance of the clamping means from the boom has influence on the desired gain, it is intended to change the length of the guy supports in stages or continuously. The clamping means may be formed as a rope or as a rod. The clamping means or the clamping means can be arranged with and without bias. In the case of a bias voltage and a re-adjustable degree of tension, the clamping means cooperates with a tensioning device. Preferably, this is a winch or a piston-cylinder unit. But also the angle adjustment and / or the change in length of the guy support can be used in the sense of a clamping device. The clamping devices can be arranged optionally on the guy supports, on the boom, on the upper or undercarriage or on the counterweight.

Preferably, the guy supports are arranged on the main boom in the region of the basic box, in particular in the front region between the articulation of the luffing cylinder and the front storage. For continuous adjustment of the guy supports, each guy support is preferably connected to a piston-cylinder unit supported on the base box. For the arrangement of the winch, according to a further feature of the invention, the guy support two spars, between which the winch can be arranged.

The equipment of the telescopic boom can be supplemented with the arrangement of a rigid or rocking jib formed of lattice mast parts. Also to these boom elements, the proposed lateral bracing can be attached.

The lateral bracing can be used particularly effectively if the crane is provided with a measuring device for detecting the lateral deformation of the boom. If the deformation exceeds a specified permissible value, the clamping device connected to the bracing is activated and the bracing is tensioned. The degree of lateral deformation can be determined directly or indirectly above crane sizes. For example, these are the rope tension, the rope length and rope elongation. But also on the forces acting on the boom in the form of the laterally occurring wind, solar radiation and the prevailing temperatures in the boom, a statement about the degree of lateral deformation can be made.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Fig.1a-1c

als Prinzipskizze die mögliche Anordnung einer gegenüber der Wippebene geneigten Abspannstütze

Figur 2

als Prinzipskizze die Anordnung zweier geneigter Abspannstützen mit einem gemeinsamen Fußende.

Figur3a-3d

als Prinzipskizze die mögliche Anordnung zweier geneigter Abspannstützen mit getrennten Fußenden

Figur 4

als Prinzipskizze die Anordnung einer quer liegenden Abspannstütze

Figur 5a

in einer Vorderansicht ein praktisches Ausführungsbeispiel mit zwei neigbaren Abspannstütze.

Figur 5b

eine Seitenansicht von Figur 5a.

In the following, for further explanation and for better understanding, several embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

1a-1c

as a schematic diagram of the possible arrangement of a tilted relative to the rocker guy support

FIG. 2

as a schematic diagram of the arrangement of two inclined guy supports with a common foot.

Figur3a 3d

as a schematic diagram of the possible arrangement of two inclined guy supports with separate foot ends

FIG. 4

as a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a transverse guy support

FIG. 5a

in a front view of a practical embodiment with two tilting guy support.

FIG. 5b

a side view of FIG. 5a ,

In the Figures 1 ac are shown as a schematic diagram of the possible arrangement of a tilted relative to the rocker guy support. The guy support 2 is preferably arranged on the upper side 3 of a jib element 1 shown symbolically here. This boom element 1 may be a base box or a shot of a main boom of a telescopic crane or the lattice mast element of a rigid or rockable jib. The drawn in the boom element 1 center axis 4 is in the ideal case, the rocker plane of the boom. According to the invention the guy support 2 is inclined relative to the rocker plane at an angle α> 0. The dashed representation of the guy support 2 'is intended to illustrate that the guy support 2 is also tilted towards the other side. The free end 5 of the Abspannstüzte 2 is connected to a tensioning means 6,7 preferably a side. Not shown here is the connection of the clamping means 6,7 with a boom arranged on the fixed point or a clamping device such as piston-cylinder unit or winch. A tensioning of the tensioning means 6, 7 can also be achieved without a tensioning device. On the one hand in such a way that the clamping means are arranged at a smaller or larger angle α.7 6 and then the guy support 2 is further inclined. Alternatively, it is also possible to form the guy support 2 telescopically and to achieve a degree of tension by changing the length.

In the partial image b, the possibility is shown of tilting the bracing support 2 in the other plane at an angle β> 0. Panel c shows the possibility of tilting the guy support 2 overlapping in both planes.

In FIG. 2 is also a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of two guy supports 2.1, 2.2. The peculiarity of this arrangement is that both guy supports 2.1,2.2 are arranged with only a single foot 8 on the upper side 3 of the boom element 1. The respective inclination angle α1, α2 may be the same or different.

In partial pictures ad of FIG. 3 are also shown as a schematic diagram of the possibility of the arrangement of two guy supports 2.1,2.2, which have a separate foot 8.1.8.2. In the first partial image a, the foot ends 8.1,8.2 are in the region of the upper side 3 of the jib element 1, while in the partial image b, the foot ends 8.1,8.2 are in the transition region from the upper side 3 to the respective side wall 9,9 '.

In part c, the possibility is shown to arrange at least one foot 8.1 outside the boom element 1. As a stand-up aid, a piston-cylinder unit 28.1,28.2 is ever provided, which is arranged at one end to the side wall 25 and the other end in the half range of the respective guy support 18.1.

The tensioning means, one rope 29.1 each is attached to one end of a rope thimble 31.1 on the head region of the guy support 18.1. From there it runs to the deflection point arranged in the direction of the boom head (also not shown here) and runs back over a deflection roller 30.1 arranged in the head area of the guy support 18.1 and from there to the winch 27.1.

On the rear side in the head area of the guy support 18.1, a guy clip 32.1 is arranged, which represents the rear-side securing for the respective guy support 18.1.

Drawing reference list

No. designation 1 jib element 2,2 ' guy support 3 Top of jib element 4 Centerline-luffing plane 5 Free end of the brace 6.7 clamping means 8th foot 9.9 ' Sidewall bracket element 10,11,12 carrier 13 basic box 14 Top basic box 15 frame 16.16 ' mounting tab 17 Lower support frame 18.1,18.2 guy supports 19 Upper support frame 20.1; 20.2 Piston-cylinder unit (lateral adjustment) 21.1,21.2 Outboard spar 22.1,22.2 Inner rail 23.1,23.2 crossmember 24.1,24.2 Joint bracing support 25.25 ' Sidewall basic box 26.26 ' sill reinforcement 27.1.27.2 winch 28.1,28.2 Piston-cylinder unit 29.1,29.2 clamping means 30.1,30.2 idler pulley 31.1,31.2 thimble 32.1,32.2 tie rod

Claims (32)

1. A telescopic crane, comprising:

   - a substructure,

   - a superstructure rotatably mounted on the substructure,

   - a counterweight,

   - a boom structure (1) including a main boom having a boom base (13) and at least one telescope section which is received in the boom base and displaceable between retracted and extended positions, and

   - at least one a guy support (2; 21., 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) arranged at the boom structure (1) and connected with a tension means (6, 7; 29.1, 29.2; 32.1, 32.2) extending substantially in a longitudinal direction of the boom structure (1), wherein the inclination (α, β) of the guy support with respect to a luffing plane (4) is variable.
2. The telescopic crane of claim 1,
   characterized in that the inclination (α, β) of the guy support (2; 21., 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is variable in a plane extending transversely to and/or along the longitudinal direction of the boom structure (1).
3. The telescopic crane of claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that the inclination (α, β) of the guy support (2; 21., 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is adjustable step-by-step or continuously in a plane extending transversely to and/or along the longitudinal direction of the boom structure (1).
4. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that an foot (8.1) of at least one guy support (2.1) is arranged on a support (10), wherein the support is arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the boom structure (1) and extends beyond the boom structure.
5. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that a free top (10) of a guy support (2; 21., 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is connected via a first tension means (7, 32.1, 32.2) alternatively to the superstructure, the substructure, a base area of the boom structure (1), the counter weight, which is fixedly arranged or which is separately guided, or the ground in the direction of the foot of the boom structure (1), and is connected via a further tension means (6; 29.1, 29.2) to a selected position of the main boom (1) or a component of a boom structure extension in a direction to the top of the boom structure (1).
6. The telescopic crane of claim 5,
   characterized in that the free head of the at least one guy support (18.1,18.2) is connected to the head or the collar of one of the inner telescopic sections via a tension means (6; 29.1, 29.2).
7. The telescopic crane of claim 5,
   characterized in that the free head of the at least one guy support (18.1,18.2) is connected to a part of an auxiliary lattice boom via a tension means (6; 29.1, 29.2), wherein the auxiliary lattice boom is one of fixed or teetering.
8. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the length of the guy support (2; 21., 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is variable.
9. The telescopic crane of claim 9,
   characterized in that the length of the guy support (2; 21., 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is variable step-by-step.
10. The telescopic crane of claim 8,
    characterized in that the length of the guy support (2; 2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is variable continuously.
11. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the tension means (6, 7) is a rope (29.1; 29.2) and/or a rod (32.1, 32.2).
12. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the tension means (6, 7; 29.1, 29.2; 32.1, 32.2) interacts with a tension device (27.1; 27.2).
13. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that tension devices (27.1, 27.2) for the tension means (6, 7; 29.1, 29.2; 32.1, 32.2) of each guy support (2; 2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) are provided, wherein the tension devices are separately controllable.
14. The telescopic crane of claim 12 or 13,
    characterized in that the at least one tension device (27.1, 27.2) is arranged on at least one of the guy support (18.1, 18.2), the superstructure, the substructure, the main boom (1), the counter weight and an boom extension.
15. The telescopic crane of claim 12, 13 or 14,
    characterized in that the tension device is one of a winch (27.1, 27.2) and a piston and cylinder unit.
16. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that a variation of the inclination of the guy support (2; 2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is usable to tense the accompanying tension means (6, 7; 29.1, 29.2; 32.1, 32.2).
17. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that a variation of the length of the guy support (2; 2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is usable to tension the accompanying tension means (6, 7; 29.1, 29.2; 32.1, 32.2).
18. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the at least one guy support (2) is arranged on the top side (3) of the boom structure (1).
19. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that one pair (3) of guy supports (2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is arranged on the boom structure (1), wherein one guy support (2.1; 18.1) of a pair of guy supports can be inclined to one side of the boom structure (1) and the other guy support (2.2; 18.2) can be inclined to another side of the boom structure (1).
20. The telescopic crane of claim 19,
    characterized in that the pair of guy supports (2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is arranged at a predetermined position at a top side (3) of the boom structure (1).
21. The telescopic crane of claim 19 or 20,
    characterized in that one pair of guy supports (18.1, 18.2) is arranged on the main boom in an area of the boom base (134).
22. The telescopic crane of claim 21,
    characterized in that the pair of guy supports (18.1, 18.2) is arranged in a forward region between a luffing cylinder and a forward bearing on the boom base (13).
23. The telescopic crane of one of the claims 19-22,
    characterized in that the foots (8.1, 8.2) of both guy supports (2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) are connected to a top side (3) of the boom structure (3) in the same position.
24. The telescopic crane of one of the claims 19-22,
    characterized in that the foots (8.1, 8.2) of both guy supports (2.1, 2.2) are connected to a top side (3) of the boom structure (1) in a manner spatially displaced to each other.
25. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that a foot end (8.1, 8.2) of at least one guy support (2.1, 2.2; 18.1, 18.2) is connected to the boom structure (1) in a transition area between the top side (3) and a respective side wall (9, 9') of the boom base (13).
26. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that comprising a piston and cylinder unit, supported by the boom base, wherein the at least one pair of guy supports is operatively connected with the piston and cylinder unit for implementing a lateral inclination of the at least one pair of guy supports.
27. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the at least one guy support (18.1; 18.2) comprises two substantial parallel poles (21.1; 22.1; 21.2; 21.2).
28. The telescopic crane of claim 27,
    characterized in that a winch (27.1; 27.2) to tension the tension means (6, 7; 29.1, 29.2; 32.1, 32.2) is positioned between the poles (21.1; 22.1; 21.2; 21.2) of the respective guy supports (18.1; 18.2).
29. The telescopic crane of one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that a rigid fly jib made in the form of a lattice tower is mounted to the head of the innermost telescope section.
30. The telescopic crane of one of the claims 1-28,
    characterized in that a luffing fly jib made in the form of a lattice tower is mounted to the head of an innermost telescope section with the aid of at least one slewed support.
31. The telescopic crane of one of the claims 1-30,
    characterized in that a measuring means for determining a lateral deformation of the boom structure is provided, wherein the measuring means is operatively linked to a tensioning device by which the tautening degree of the lateral guying is influenced.
32. The telescopic crane of claim 31,
    characterized in that the lateral deformation is determined, directly or indirectly, via crane parameters including for example rope tension, rope length, rope extension, forces acting on the boom structure, exposure to side winds, exposure to sunlight and temperatures of the main boom.

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