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  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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  • C07D211/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D211/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
  • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D215/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D215/40—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 8
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  • C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
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  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
  • C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
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  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
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  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
  • C07D295/112—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the doubly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/135—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D295/155—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with the ring nitrogen atoms and the carbon atoms with three bonds to hetero atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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  • C07D307/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/24—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen

Definitions

• the present patent application concerns new ligands of the D 3 receptor, their process of preparation and their therapeutic use.
• These ligands of the human D 3 receptor behave as antagonists, or inverse agonists or partial agonists or full agonists.
• the invention relates to novel carbonylated (aza)cyclohexane derivatives that potently bind to the dopamine D 3 receptor as partial, full or inverse agonists and antagonists.
• This receptor a D 2 -like receptor, is discretely expressed in only but a few brain projections areas of dopamine neurons, within dopamine neurons themselves (auto-receptors) and in discrete peripheral organs, e.g. the kidney ( Schwartz et al. Clinical NeuroPharmacol, 1993, 16, 295 ). It has been suggested, or even demonstrated that such brain localisations imply a role of this receptor subtype in a number of physiological or pathological processes such as cognition, dementia, psychosis, substance abuse and dependence, mood regulation and disorders (e.g. depression or anxiety), motor regulation and disorders (e.g. Parkinson disease, dyskinesias or equilibration disorders).
• peripheral D 3 receptors namely in kidney, seem involved in the control of hormone secretion, diabetic disorders or blood pressure ( Jose et al., Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens., 2002, 11, 87 ; Gross et al Lab. Invest., 2006, 86, 862 ).
• modulation via partial, full or inverse agonism or antagonism
• dopamine D 3 receptors represents a potentially novel approach to treating diseases of the central nervous system in neurology and psychiatry as well as diseases of the cardiovascular or hormonal systems.
• the international patent application WO 01/49679 discloses arylpiperazine derivatives that display dopamine antagonist properties on its receptors D 3 and D 4 ; however, these compounds have a phenyl group on the position 4 of the piperazine substituted by an halogen atom, and, on the other hand, on the position 1 of the piperazine, an alkylene group optionally substituted by a carbonyl group, and then a 5- or 6-membered aza heterocycle fused with a phenyl group, such as indoline or isoquinoleine.
• the compounds according to the invention which represent a new family of arylpiperazine derivatives, display a high affinity for the D 3 receptor of dopamine.
• the compounds according to the invention have an aza heterocycle, such as an arylpiperazine, and an alkylene group substituted by an (aza)cyclohexyl group. Further, they are selective ligands of D 3 receptor.
• These compounds are useful as medicaments, notably in neurology and psychiatry, particularly in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, dementia, depression, mania, anxiety, dyskinesias, equilibration disorders, Gilles de la Tourette's disease. Further, these compounds are useful for treating drug and tobacco dependency.
• cardiovascular disorders implying the peripheral dopamine receptors, particularly in kidneys, such as hypertension, cardiac failure, and other disorders such as renal insufficiency or diabetes.
• These compounds are also useful for preventing or treating hormonal disorders implying dopamine receptors in the hypothalalamus pituitary complex, such as menopausal disorders or growth disorders.
• the present invention concerns new compounds of formula (I): with NR 1 R 2 chosen from the group selected within:
• NR 1 R 2 is 1):
• Z is a).
• R is alkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, polyhalogenoalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, mono- or polyhalogenoaryl, aryloxyalkyl, mono- or polyhalogenoaryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, dialkylaminoalkyl, polyhalogenoalkylamino, non aromatic heterocyclyl(CH 2 )m wherein the non aromatic heterocycle is optionally fused with aryl or optionally substituted with one or more acyl, alkyl or halogen, alkoxyalkylamino, alkoxy(alkyl)amino, cyanoalkylamino, alkylcarbonylalkyl, acylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, alkyl,
• Ar represents an aryl, more preferably phenyl.
• Ar is substituted with one or more alkyl, cyano, halogeno, alkoxy, polyhalogenoalkoxy, alcanediyl, dialkylamino, alkylsulfanyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, acyl, alkylsulfonylamino, polyhalogenoalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, oxoalkyl.
• Ar is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl, polyhalogenoalkyl, halogen or cyano, more preferably with alkyl or polyhalogenoalkyl.
• the compounds of the invention are those of formula (A): wherein Ar is defined as in formula (I) and R is chosen from cyanoalkyl, monohalogenoalkyl, polyhalogenoalkyl, monohalogenocycloalkyl, polyhalogenocycloalkyl, alkoxy, monohalogenoalkoxy, polyhalogenoalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, monohalogenoalkoxyalkyl, polyhalogenoalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, monohalogenoalkoxyalkoxyalkyl, polyhalogenoalkoxyalkoxyalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, dialkylaminoalkyl, monohalogenoalkylamino, monohalogenodialkylamino, halodial
• Ar is aryl, more preferably phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyano, halogeno, alkoxy, monohalogenoalkoxy, polyhalogenoalkoxy, alcanediyl, dialkylamino, non aromatic heterocyclyl attached by a nitrogen, alkylsulfanyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, acyl, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, monohalogenoalkyl, polyhalogenoalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, oxoalkyl, polymethylenedioxy.
• Ar is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more of alkyl, perfluoroalkyl.
• R is substituted alkyl; more preferably R is cyanoalkyl.
• Preferred compounds of formula (I) can be chosen from:
• Alkyl groups may be substituted with a cyano group ("Cyanoalkyl”), a hydroxyl group (“Hydroxyalkyl”), a halogeno group (“Monohalogenoalkyl”) or more (“Polyhalogenoalkyl”).
• Alkylamino means an alkyl-NH- group wherein the alkyl group is as herein described.
• Alkylcarbonylalkyl means an alkyl-CO-alkyl- wherein alkyl are independently as defined herein.
• Alkylsulfanyl means an alkyl-S- group wherein the alkyl group is as herein described.
• Alkylsulfanylalkyl means an alkyl-S-alkyl- group wherein the alkyl groups are independently as herein described.
• Alkylsulfinyl means an alkyl-SO- group wherein the alkyl group is as defined herein. Preferred groups are those wherein the alkyl group is lower alkyl.
• Alkylsulfinylalkyl means an alkyl-SO-alkyl- group wherein the alkyl groups are independently as defined above. Preferred groups are those wherein the alkyl group is lower alkyl.
• Alkylsulfonyl means an alkyl-SO 2 - group wherein the alkyl group is as defined herein. Preferred groups are those wherein the alkyl group is lower alkyl.
• Alkylsulfonylalkyl means an alkyl-SO 2 -alkyl- group wherein the alkyl groups are independently as defined herein. Preferred groups are those wherein the alkyl group is lower alkyl.
• Alkylsulfonylamino means an alkyl-SO 2 -NH- wherein alkyl is as defined herein.
• Alkynyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched having 2 to 15 carbon atoms in the chain.
• Preferred alkynyl groups have 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the chain.
• Exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, n -butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-methylbutynyl, n- pentynyl, heptynyl, octynyl and decynyl.
• Aminocarbonylalkyl means an NH 2 -CO-alkyl- wherein alkyl is as defined herein.
• Aralkyl means an aryl-alkyl- group wherein the aryl and alkyl are as herein described. Preferred aralkyls contain a lower alkyl moiety. Exemplary aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenethyl and naphthylmethyl.
• Aryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably of 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• exemplary aryl groups include phenyl or naphthyl.
• Arylaminoalkyl means an aryl-NH-alkyl- wherein aryl and alkyl are as defined herein.
• Arylalkoxy means an aryl-alkyl-O- group wherein the aryl or alkyl groups are as herein described.
• Aryloxy means an aryl-O- group wherein the aryl group is as defined herein.
• exemplary groups include phenoxy and 2-naphthyloxy.
• Aryloxyalkyl means an aryl-O-alkyl- group wherein the aryl or alkyl groups are as herein described.
• An exemplary aryloxyalkyl groups is phenoxypropyl.
• Cycloalkenyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system of about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably of about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms, and which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred ring sizes of rings of the ring system include about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
• Exemplary monocyclic cycloalkenyl include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl.
• An exemplary multicyclic cycloalkenyl is norbornenyl.
• Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably of 5 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferred ring sizes of rings of the ring system include 5 to 6 ring atoms.
• Exemplary monocyclic cycloalkyl include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
• Exemplary multicyclic cycloalkyl include 1-decalin, norbornyl, adamant-(1- or 2-)yl.
• Dialkylamino means an (alkyl) 2 N- group wherein the alkyl groups are independently as herein described.
• Dialkylaminoalkyl means an (alkyl) 2 N-alkyl- group wherein the alkyl groups are independently as herein described.
• Halogeno refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom; preferably fluorine and chlorine atom.
• Heteroaryl refers to a 5 to 14, preferably 5 to 10 membered aromatic hetero, mono-, bi- or multicyclic ring.
• Examples include pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, purinyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, furanyl, benzofuranyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazoyl, isoquinolyl, benzothienyl, isobenzofuryl, carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl-N-oxide, as well as the fused systems resulting from the condensation with a phenyl group.
• Heterocycle or “Heterocyclic” refer to a saturated, partially unsaturated or unsaturated, non aromatic stable 3 to 14, preferably 5 to 10 membered mono, bi or multicyclic rings wherein at least one member of the ring is a hetero atom.
• heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, and phosphorus atoms.
• Preferable heteroatoms are oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
• Suitable heterocycles are also disclosed in The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 76th Edition, CRC Press, Inc., 1995-1996, pages 2-25 to 2-26 , the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Preferred non aromatic heterocyclic include, but are not limited to pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxiranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolanyl, dioxanyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyranyl, imidazolinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydro-pyridyl, dihydropyridyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, azepanyl, as well as the fused systems resulting from the condensation with a phenyl group.
• Oxoalkyl means an alkyl where a CH 2 is replaced by a CO wherein alkyl is as defined herein.
• Polymethylenedioxy means a -O-(CH 2 ) p -O- wherein p is an intenger from 1 to 4.
• fused arylheterocyclyl means a fused aryl and heterocyclyl as defined herein.
• Preferred fused arylheterocyclyls are those wherein the aryl thereof is phenyl and the heterocyclyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
• a fused arylheterocyclyl as a variable may be bonded through any atom of the ring system thereof capable of such.
• the designation of the aza, oxa or thia as a prefix before heterocyclyl portion of the fused arylheterocyclyl define that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom is present respectively as a ring atom.
• the nitrogen atom of a fused arylheterocyclyl may be a basic nitrogen atom.
• the nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclyl portion of the fused arylheterocyclyl may also be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
• Exemplary preferred fused arylheterocyclyl ring systems include indolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 1H-2,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]isoindol-2-yt, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[g]isoquinolin-2-yl.
• fused arylcycloalkyl means a fused aryl and cycloalkyl as defined herein.
• Preferred fused arylcycloalkyls are those wherein the aryl thereof is phenyl and the cycloalkyl consists of about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
• a fused arylcycloalkyl as a variable may be bonded through any atom of the ring system thereof capable of such.
• Exemplary fused arylcycloalkyl includes 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, glucuronic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, toluenesulfonic, oxalic, fumaric, maleic, and the like.
• Further addition salts include ammonium salts such as tromethamine, meglumine, epolamine, etc., metal salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc or magnesium. Hydrochloride and oxalate salts are preferred.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two.
• non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, p. 1418 , the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• the present invention is also concerned with the process of preparation of the compounds of formula (I).
• the compounds and process of the present invention may be prepared in a number of ways well known to those skilled in the art.
• the compounds can be synthesized, for example, by application or adaptation of the methods described below, or variations thereon as appreciated by the skilled artisan.
• the appropriate modifications and substitutions will be readily apparent and well known or readily obtainable from the scientific literature to those skilled in the art.
• the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms, and may be isolated in optically active or racemic forms.
• optically active or racemic forms all chiral, diastereomeric, racemic forms and all geometric isomeric forms of a structure are intended, unless the specific stereochemistry or isomeric form is specifically indicated.
• optically active forms mixtures of stereomers may be separated by standard techniques including, but not limited to, resolution of racemic forms, normal, reverse-phase, and chiral chromatography, preferential salt formation, recrystallization, and the like, or by chiral synthesis either from chiral starting materials or by deliberate synthesis of target chiral centers.
• Some reactions may be carried out in the presence of a base.
• a base There is no particular restriction on the nature of the base to be used in this reaction, and any base conventionally used in reactions of this type may equally be used here, provided that it has no adverse effect on other parts of the molecule.
• suitable bases include: sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, alkali metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride; alkyllithium compounds, such as methyllithium and butyllithium; and alkali metal alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide.
• solvents include: hydrocarbons, which may be aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, toluene and xylene; amides, such as N,N- dimethylformamide; alcohols such as ethanol and methanol and ethers, such as diethyl ether, methyl tert -butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
• hydrocarbons which may be aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, toluene and xylene
• amides such as N,N- dimethylformamide
• alcohols such as ethanol and methanol and ethers, such as diethyl ether, methyl tert -butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
• the reactions can take place over a wide range of temperatures. In general, we find it convenient to carry out the reaction at a temperature of from 0°C to 150°C (more preferably from about room temperature to 100°C).
• the time required for the reaction may also vary widely, depending on many factors, notably the reaction temperature and the nature of the reagents. However, provided that the reaction is effected under the preferred conditions outlined above, a period of from 3 hours to 20 hours will usually suffice.
• the compound thus prepared may be recovered from the reaction mixture by conventional means.
• the compounds may be recovered by distilling off the solvent from the reaction mixture or, if necessary, after distilling off the solvent from the reaction mixture, pouring the residue into water followed by extraction with a water-immiscible organic solvent and distilling off the solvent from the extract.
• the product can, if desired, be further purified by various well-known techniques, such as recrystallization, reprecipitation or the various chromatography techniques, notably column chromatography or preparative thin layer chromatography.
• compounds of the invention of the formula (I) can be obtained from corresponding compounds of formula (II) wherein R', R' 1 and R' 2 represent respectively R, R 1 and R 2 or a precursor group of respectively R, R 1 and R 2 .
• "precursor group" of a functionnal group refers to any group which can, by one or more reactions, lead to the desired function, by means of one or more suitable reagents. Those reactions include the deprotections of functionnal groups, as well as usual addition, substitution, reduction, oxidation or functionnalization reaction.
• a compound of formula (I) in which Ar in NR 1 R 2 is substituted with an acyl group can be prepared from a corresponding compound of formula (II) in which Ar in NR 1 R 2 is substituted with an hydroxylated chain.
• This reaction can be performed by Swern or Swern Moffatt oxidation as well as action of metallic oxide such as chromium or manganese oxides.
• a compound of formula (I) in which Z is e) can be prepared from a corresponding compound of formula (II) in which Z is f) by reduction.
• This reaction can be performed with hydrogen and a transition metal catalyst such as palladium or nickel.
• This reaction is performed using reagents such as a carbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole or a chloroformate in the presence of catalysts such as DMAP, HOBt in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate at a temperature comprised between 0°C and 40°C.
• reaction can be a peptidic coupling with R'COOH or R'COCOOH and is performed using reagents such as a carbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole or a chloroformate in the presence of catalysts such as DMAP, HOBt in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, N,N- dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate at a temperature comprised between 0°C and 40°C.
• reagents such as a carbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole or a chloroformate
• catalysts such as DMAP, HOBt
• an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, N,N- dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate at a temperature comprised between 0°C and 40°C.
• the reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, N,N -dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate at a temperature comprised between 0°C and 40°C, optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as DMAP or HOBt and a base such as triethylamine or a carbonate.
• an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, N,N -dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate
• a catalyst such as DMAP or HOBt
• a base such as triethylamine or a carbonate.
• deprotection can be performed using dihydrogen, cyclohexene or a formate in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal in an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol at a temperature comprised between room temperature and 80 °C, or with aluminum trichloride in the presence of anisole.
• a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal in an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol at a temperature comprised between room temperature and 80 °C, or with aluminum trichloride in the presence of anisole.
• deprotection can be performed using trimethylsilyliodide, or a Brönsted acid such as trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid, or a Lewis acid such as tin tetrachloride in a suitable solvent at a temperature comprised between 0 and 40°C.
• Compounds of formula (IV) can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution of compounds of formula (V) where L represents a leaving group such as an halogen or a sulfonate (mesylate or arylsulfonate).
• This substitution can be performed by mixing compound (V) and the amine HNR' 1 R' 2 in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, acetone, N,N- dimethylformamide, dichloromethane or an alcohol, in the presence of a base such as a carbonate, a bicarbonate or a tertiary amine, at a temperature comprised between room temperature and the refluxing temperature.
• a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, acetone, N,N- dimethylformamide, dichloromethane or an alcohol
• a base such as a carbonate, a bicarbonate or a tertiary amine
• This reaction can be performed using thionyl chloride with or without imidazole, or a phosphine and tetrahalomethane or hexahaloethane, or a sulfonyl chloride or anhydride in a suitable solvent at a temperature comprised between 0° and 40°C.
• compounds of formula (II) in which Z represents can be prepared from compounds of formula (VII) by reductive amination
• This reaction can be performed with an ammonium such as ammonium acetate or chloride in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol and optionally water at a temperature comprised between -20°C and reflux.
• a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol and optionally water at a temperature comprised between -20°C and reflux.
• This deprotection can be performed with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or a sulfonic acid in an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol and water at a temperature comprised between room temperature and reflux.
• an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or a sulfonic acid in an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol and water at a temperature comprised between room temperature and reflux.
• This substitution can be performed by mixing the mesylate and the amine HNR' 1 R' 2 in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, acetone, N,N- dimethylformamide, dichloromethane or an alcohol, in the presence of a base such as a carbonate, a bicarbonate or a tertiary amine, at a temperature comprised between room temperature and the refluxing temperature.
• a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, acetone, N,N- dimethylformamide, dichloromethane or an alcohol
• a base such as a carbonate, a bicarbonate or a tertiary amine
• This reduction can be performed with lithium aluminum hydride in an ether such as diethyl ether, methyl tert -butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran at a temperature comprised between 0°C and reflux.
• an ether such as diethyl ether, methyl tert -butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran at a temperature comprised between 0°C and reflux.
• Amides of formula (IX) can be prepared by condensing amine HNR' 1 R' 2 with (1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)acetic acid.
• This reaction can be performed using reagents such as a carbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole or a chloroformate in the presence of catalysts such as DMAP, HOBt in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, N,N- dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate at a temperature comprised between 0°C and 40°C.
• reagents such as a carbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole or a chloroformate
• catalysts such as DMAP, HOBt
• an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, N,N- dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or ethyl acetate at a temperature comprised between 0°C and 40°C.
• compounds of the invention of the formula (II) in which Z is can be prepared by alkylating compounds of formula (III) with haloketones R'CO(CH 2 ) n Br or R'CO(CH 2 ) n Cl in which NR' 1 R' 2 is as defined in formula (II) and Z is
• This alkylation can be performed by reacting the amine of formula (III) and the haloketone R'CO(CH 2 ) n Br or R'CO(CH 2 ) n Cl in the presence of base such as a carbonate or a bicarbonate in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile or a ketone (acetone, methylisobutylketone, methylethylketone) or an alcohol (methanol, ethanol or isopropanol) at a temperature comprised between room temperature and reflux.
• base such as a carbonate or a bicarbonate
• an inert solvent such as acetonitrile or a ketone (acetone, methylisobutylketone, methylethylketone) or an alcohol (methanol, ethanol or isopropanol) at a temperature comprised between room temperature and reflux.
• compounds of the invention of the formula (II) in which Z is can be prepared by condensing a compound of formula (VII) with a (triphenyl- ⁇ 5 -phosphanylidene)acetic acid ester by refluxing in an inert solvent like toluene or a (diethoxyphosphoryl)acetic acid ester in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxyde or sodium hydride at a temperature comprised between 0°C and 40°C in a solvent such as an ether (tetrahydrofuran, methyl- tert -butyl ether).
• the present invention is also concerned with pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) together with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
• the present invention also relates to the use of compounds of general formula (I) for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions intended to prevent and/or treat a neuropsychiatric illness or any illness involving the dopamine D 3 receptor.
• Said neuropsychiatric illnesses are preferably selected from Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, dementia, psychosis or psychotic states, depression, mania, anxiety, dyskinesias, equilibration disorders, Gilles de la Tourette's disease.
• said prevention and/or treatment of Parkinson's disease is preferably an adjunct therapy for Parkinson's disease.
• illnesses include substance dependency, sexual disorders, motor disorders, cardiovascular disorders, hormonal disorders, renal insufficiency or diabetes.
• substance dependency is taken to mean any state associated with withdrawal, abstinence and/or detoxification of an individual dependent on any agent, in particular therapeutically active agents, such as opioids, and/or drugs such as cocaine, heroin, or alternatively alcohol and/or nicotine.
• therapeutically active agents such as opioids, and/or drugs such as cocaine, heroin, or alternatively alcohol and/or nicotine.
• sexual disorders are in particular taken to mean impotence, in particular male impotence.
• motor disorders are in particular taken to mean essential or iatrogenic dyskinesia, and/or essential or iatrogenic tremor.
• cardiovascular disorders comprise hypertension, cardiac failure.
• hormonal disorders comprise menopausal disorders or growth disorders.
• the present invention also relates to the above-mentioned therapeutic treatment methods comprising the administration of a compound according to the invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient to a patient in the need thereof.
• a therapeutically effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of conventional techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances.
• determining the therapeutically effective amount a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of subject; its size, age, and general health; the specific disease involved; the degree of involvement or the severity of the disease; the response of the individual subject; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristic of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances.
• the amount of a compound of formula (I), which is required to achieve the desired biological effect will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the dosage of the drug to be administered, the chemical characteristics (e.g. hydrophobicity) of the compounds employed, the potency of the compounds, the type of disease, the diseased state of the patient and the route of administration.
• “Pharmaceutically” or “pharmaceutically acceptable” refer to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an adverse, allergic or other untoward reaction when administered to an animal, or a human, as appropriate.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes any diluents, adjuvants, excipients, or vehicles, such as preserving agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like.
• preserving agents such as preserving agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like.
• preserving agents such as preserving agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like.
• disintegrating agents such as preserving agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, solvents
• treating means reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, or preventing the disorder or condition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such disorder or condition.
• “Therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a compound/medicament according to the present invention effective in producing the desired therapeutic effect.
• the term "patient”, or “patient in need thereof', is intended for a human or non-human mammal affected or likely to be affected with a neuropsychological disorder.
• the patient is a human.
• the compounds of this invention may be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing 0.1 to 10% w/v compound for parenteral administration.
• Typical dose ranges are from 1 ⁇ g/kg to 0.1g/kg of body weight per day; a preferred dose range is from 0.01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• a preferred daily dose for adult humans includes 5, 50, 100 and 200 mg, and an equivalent dose in a human child.
• the preferred dosage of drug to be administered is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, and formulation of the compound excipient, and its route of administration.
• unit dose means a single dose which is capable of being administered to a patient, and which can be readily handled and packaged, remaining as a physically and chemically stable unit dose comprising either the active compound itself, or as a pharmaceutically acceptable composition, as described hereinafter.
• typical daily dose ranges are from 0.01 to 10 mg/kg of body weight.
• unit doses for humans range from 0.1 mg to 1000 mg per day.
• the unit dose range is from 1 to 500 mg administered one to four times a day, and even more preferably from 10 mg to 300 mg, two times a day.
• compositions can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions by admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• Such compositions may be prepared for use in oral administration, particularly in the form of tablets or capsules; or parenteral administration, particularly in the form of liquid solutions, suspensions or emulsions; or intranasally, particularly in the form of powders, nasal drops, or aerosols; or dermally, for example, topically or via trans-dermal patches.
• compositions may conveniently be administered in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art, for example, as described in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th ed.; Gennaro, A. R., Ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2000 .
• Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition.
• Oral compositions will generally include an inert diluent carrier or an edible carrier.
• the tablets, pills, powders, capsules, troches and the like can contain one or more of any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, or gum tragacanth; a diluent such as starch or lactose; a disintegrant such as starch and cellulose derivatives; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, or methyl salicylate.
• a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, or gum tragacanth
• a diluent such as starch or lactose
• a disintegrant such as starch and cellulose derivatives
• a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
• a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide
• a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin
• a flavoring agent
• Capsules can be in the form of a hard capsule or soft capsule, which are generally made from gelatin blends optionally blended with plasticizers, as well as a starch capsule.
• dosage unit forms can contain various other materials that modify the physical form of the dosage unit, for example, coatings of sugar, shellac, or enteric agents.
• Other oral dosage forms syrup or elixir may contain sweetening agents, preservatives, dyes, colorings, and flavorings.
• the active compounds may be incorporated into fast dissolve, modified-release or sustained-release preparations and formulations, and wherein such sustained-release formulations are preferably bi-modal.
• Preferred formulations include pharmaceutical compositions in which a compound of the present invention is formulated for oral or parenteral administration, or more preferably those in which a compound of the present invention is formulated as a tablet.
• Preferred tablets contain lactose, cornstarch, magnesium silicate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, magnesium stearate, or talc in any combination. It is also an aspect of the present disclosure that a compound of the present invention may be incorporated into a food product or a liquid.
• Liquid preparations for administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
• the liquid compositions may also include binders, buffers, preservatives, chelating agents, sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, and the like.
• Non-aqueous solvents include alcohols, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
• Aqueous carriers include mixtures of alcohols and water, buffered media, and saline.
• biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, lactide/glycolide copolymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers may be useful excipients to control the release of the active compounds.
• Intravenous vehicles can include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers, such as those based on Ringer's dextrose, and the like.
• Other potentially useful parenteral delivery systems for these active compounds include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer particles, osmotic pumps, implantable infusion systems, and liposomes.
• formulations for inhalation which include such means as dry powder, aerosol, or drops. They may be aqueous solutions containing, for example, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, glycocholate and deoxycholate, or oily solutions for administration in the form of nasal drops, or as a gel to be applied intranasally.
• Formulations for buccal administration include, for example, lozenges or pastilles and may also include a flavored base, such as sucrose or acacia, and other excipients such as glycocholate.
• Formulations suitable for rectal administration are preferably presented as unit-dose suppositories, with a solid based carrier, such as cocoa butter, and may include a salicylate.
• Formulations for topical application to the skin preferably take the form of an ointment, cream, lotion, paste, gel, spray, aerosol, or oil.
• Carriers which can be used include petroleum jelly, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, alcohols, or their combinations.
• Formulations suitable for transdermal administration can be presented as discrete patches and can be lipophilic emulsions or buffered, aqueous solutions, dissolved and/or dispersed in a polymer or an adhesive.
• the starting products used are products which are known or prepared using known methods.
• TLC are performed on 0.25 mm silica gel F254 plates.
• Arylpiperazines are commercially available or can be prepared according to methods described in French patent applications FR 04 11303 and FR 04 12763 .
• the 2 , 4 - di -tert -butyl-6-piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine and 2- tert -butyl-6-trifluoromethyl-4-piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine can be prepared according to US 2004/0259882 A1 , 1-(6-trifluoromethylbenzo[b]thiophene-3yl)piperazine ( WO 02/066469 ) ; N -(3-piperazin-1-ylphenyl)methanesulfonamide ( Pharmazie, 57, (8), 515-518, (2002) ).
• the 4-aryl-3,6-dihydro-2 H -pyridine and 4-arylpiperidine are commercially available or can be prepared according to methods described in French application FR 04 12763 .
• the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile can be prepared according to Synth. Commun., 25, (20), 3255-3261, (2001) .
• the carboxylic acid derivatives are commercially available or prepared.
• the 3-cyanopropanoic acid can be prepared from ⁇ -propionolactone according to J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 1323, (1952 ) ; 4-cyanobutanoic acid ( J. Org. Chem., 61, (19), 6486-6487, (1996) ; 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoic ( Tetrahedron, 53, (42), 14286, (1997 )) ; 2-isopropoxyacetic acid ( Tetrahedron, 59, 7915-7920 , (2003) ; 2- tert -butoxyacetic acid ( Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11, 4287-4293, (2003) ; cyanodimethylacetic acid ( J. Org. Chem., 46, (24), 4907-4911, (1981) .
• the aqueous phase is separated and the organic phase is washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
• the oily residue is purified by chromatography over silica gel (eluant hetane/ethyl acetate 1/1) to give 0.3 g of 1-[2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)ethyl]-4-(3-methoxymethylphenyl)piperazine as an oil.
• Step a (1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)acetic acid
• Step b 2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)-1-[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazin-1 yl]ethanone
• Step c 1-[2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
• Hydrolysis is performed at 0°C by slow addition of 0.5 mL of water, 0.5 mL of 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 1.5 mL of water. The slurry is stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature then magnesium sulfate is added. The mixture is filtered and the salts are washed with a large amount of diethyl ether. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.5 g (74%) of 1-[2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine as an oil.
• Step a 1-[2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
• Step b 4- ⁇ 2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl ⁇ cyclohexanone
• Step c 4- ⁇ 2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl ⁇ cyclohexylamine, dihydrochloride
• the isomers are partially separated by dissolution in a hydrochloric acid ethyl acetate solution. After evaporation of the solvent, the solid is mixed with 10 mL of acetonitrile and warmed to 50°C. The suspension is filtered, the solid is washed with acetonitrile (5 mL) and with diethyl ether (15 mL).
• the hygroscopic solid is dried at 50°C under reduced pressure to give 4.3 g (62%) of about 80%/20% ( 1 H NMR determination) of trans and cis 4- ⁇ 2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl ⁇ cyclohexylamine, dihydrochloride as a white solid. Melting point 300-305°C (decomposition)
• Step a 4-(2-methanesulfonyloxyethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert -butyl ester
• Step b 4- ⁇ 2[4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert- butyl ester, hydrochloride
• Step c 1-(2-piperidin-4-ylethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine, dihydrochloride
• Step a (4- ⁇ 2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylpheny)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl ⁇ cyclohexylidene)acetic acid ethyl ester
• the filtrate is concentrated and purified over 150g of silica gel (eluant dichloromethane/heptane 98/2) to give 1.48 g (45%) of (4- ⁇ 2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylpheny)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl ⁇ cyclohexylidene)acetic acid ethyl ester as an oil.
• Step b (4- ⁇ 2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylpheny)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl ⁇ cyclohexylidene)acetic acid, hydrochloride
• Step c N -methoxy- N -methyl-2-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(3-trifluoromethylpheny)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl ⁇ cyclohexylidene)acetamide

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