EP1844269A1 - Insert tubulaire et dispositif a ecoulement double destine a un collecteur d'une pompe a chaleur - Google Patents

Insert tubulaire et dispositif a ecoulement double destine a un collecteur d'une pompe a chaleur

Info

Publication number
EP1844269A1
EP1844269A1 EP05855202A EP05855202A EP1844269A1 EP 1844269 A1 EP1844269 A1 EP 1844269A1 EP 05855202 A EP05855202 A EP 05855202A EP 05855202 A EP05855202 A EP 05855202A EP 1844269 A1 EP1844269 A1 EP 1844269A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
flow
openings
inlet header
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05855202A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1844269A4 (fr
Inventor
Arturo Rios
Allen C. Kirkwood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Publication of EP1844269A1 publication Critical patent/EP1844269A1/fr
Publication of EP1844269A4 publication Critical patent/EP1844269A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/38—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof specially adapted for reversible cycles, e.g. bidirectional expansion restrictors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49359—Cooling apparatus making, e.g., air conditioner, refrigerator

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to heat exchangers and, more particularly, to microchannel heat exchangers for use with two-phase refrigerant in a heat pump.
  • MicroChannel heat exchangers are currently designed in a parallel flow configuration, wherein there is a long inlet header that extends the length of the core and feeds multiple parallel tubes that then feed into an outlet header.
  • the diameter of the headers must be larger than the major axis of the microchannel tube.
  • this parallel flow microchannel heat exchanger operates as an evaporator, two-phase refrigerant is being fed into the inlet header. Since this two-phase refrigerant is a mixture of vapor and liquid, it tends to separate in the inlet header leading to maldistribution within the evaporator (i.e. some tubes are fed mostly vapor instead of a balanced mixture of vapor and liquid), which has a negative effect on the cooling capacity and efficiency of the air conditioner. Because the performance is compromised in this manner, additional surface must be added to the evaporator to match the capacity and efficiency of a comparable round tube, plate fin evaporator. This increases the cost as well.
  • an inlet header is only fed from one side in what is referred to as a direct feed approach.
  • a direct feed approach causes two-phase refrigerant to flow through the entire length of the header, with the vapor and liquid tending to separate out such that some tubes get mostly vapor and others get mostly liquid, thereby resulting in dry surfaces and poor utilization of the heat exchanger.
  • An alternative to the direct feed approach is to use a distributor leading to multiple feeder tubes that feed into baffled sections of the header. This method results in considerable additional expense over the direct feed method as additional hardware such as the distributor/feeder tube assembly must be added as well as the baffles in the header.
  • additional hardware such as the distributor/feeder tube assembly must be added as well as the baffles in the header.
  • the distribution of two-phase refrigerant to the multiple channels of a microchannel heat exchanger in a heat pump can be made more uniform when operating in the cooling mode by the placement of a perforated tube within the inlet header, with the tube being fed refrigerant at its one end and extending substantially the length of the header.
  • the perforations act as distributors to conduct the flow of two-phase refrigerant from the insert tube into the inlet manifold. In this manner, each region of the inlet header will be fed a well-mixed, uniform flow of two-phase refrigerant that then enters the individual channels in a uniform manner.
  • a bi-flow expansion device is provided at the inlet to the perforated tube insert such that during cooling mode operation the refrigerate expansion occurs immediately before entering the perforated tube and during heating mode operation, the expansion device allows the refrigerant to bypass the perforated tube such that the refrigerant flows directly from the manifold to the expansion device.
  • the size/shape of the perforations in the tube can be selectively formed in order to obtain optimal distribution.
  • the size of the perforations increases toward the downstream end of the tube.
  • the number of perforations in the tube is made equal to the number of channels in the microchannel heat exchanger. That is, the perforations are so placed that there is a perforation located in longitudinal alignment with each of the channels. They may be either axially aligned or radially offset from the axes of their respective channels. [0009]
  • a preferred embodiment is depicted; however, various other modifications and alternate constructions can be made thereto without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Brief Description of the Drawings
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional A-coil in accordance with the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a microchannel A-coil in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an inlet header thereof.
  • FIG. 3A and 3B are alterative transverse cross-section views thereof.
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-section view thereof showing details of the expansion device thereof.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the expansion valve portion thereof as shown in the cooling mode operation.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view thereof as shown in the heating mode operation.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a conventional A-coil having a pair of coil slabs 12 and 13 with each having a plurality of refrigerant carrying tubes passing through a plurality of fins which, in turn, are adapted to have air passed therethrough by way of a blower or fan.
  • liquid refrigerant from a condenser passes to an expansion device 14, with the resulting two-phase refrigerant then passing to a distributor 16 and then to a plurality of connecting lines 17 that carry the two-phase refrigerant into the various circuits of tubes.
  • a distributor 16 passes to a distributor 16 and then to a plurality of connecting lines 17 that carry the two-phase refrigerant into the various circuits of tubes.
  • the refrigerant is boiled off with the refrigerant vapor then passing to a compressor and then back to the condenser.
  • FIG. 2 shows a microchannel A-coil 18 in accordance with one aspect of the invention, with the A-coil 18 being formed of a pair of microchannel evaporator coils 19 and 21.
  • Each of the microchannel evaporator coils 19 and 21 have an inlet header 22, an outlet header 23 and a plurality of microchannels 24 fluidly interconnected therebetween.
  • an expansion device 26 At the entrance of each inlet header 22 is an expansion device 26.
  • the liquid refrigerant is introduced from the condenser along line 27 and splits into lines 28 and 29 to feed the expansion devices 26 which, in turn, pass the two-phase refrigerant directly into the inlet headers 22.
  • the two-phase refrigerant then passes into the individual microchannels 24 and flows to the respective outlet manifolds 21 and 23, after which the refrigerant vapor passes to the compressor.
  • the inlet header 22 is a hollow cylinder having end walls 31 and 32 and having the plurality of microchannels 24 extending outwardly on one side thereof for conducting the flow of two-phase refrigerant toward the outlet header 23. Fins 33 are placed between adjacent microchannels 24 for enhancing the heat transfer characteristics of the coils.
  • the tube 34 passes through the end wall 31 and extends substantially the length of the inlet header 22 from an inlet end 37 to a downstream end 38 as shown.
  • the tube 34 may be concentrically located within the inlet header 22 as shown or may be offset from the centerline thereof in order to enhance the ability of the inlet header 22 to provide uniform flow of two-phase refrigerant to the individual channels 24.
  • a plurality of openings 36 are provided in the tube 34 for conducting the flow of refrigerant from the tube 34 to the inlet header 22 and hence to the individual microchannels 24.
  • the size and shape of the openings 36 may be selectively varied in order to promote the uniform flow of refrigerant to the individual microchannels 24. Generally, the size of the openings 36 will increase from the inlet end 37 to the downstream end 38.
  • the embodiment as shown in Fig. 3 provides a single opening 36 for each of the microchannels 24 such that the opening 36 is substantially longitudinally aligned with its respective microchannel 24.
  • the angular orientation of the openings 36 with respect to the axes of the microchannels may be varied as desired in order to promote uniform flow distribution. That is, the openings 36 may be axially aligned with the microchannels 24 as shown in Fig. 3A, or they may be angularly offset in a manner such as shown in Fig. 3B. Such an angular offset of 90° has been found to be helpful in creating a desired mixing offset such that more uniform flow distribution occurs.
  • the refrigerant is distributed in the liquid phase from the liquid line into an expansion device 39 that expands directly into the inlet end 37 of the perforated tube.
  • an expansion device 39 that expands directly into the inlet end 37 of the perforated tube.
  • a bi-flow piston assembly 41 having a body 40 that houses a floating piston 42, which is adapted to be in one of two extreme positions, depending on the direction of refrigerant flow. That is, for the cooling modes of operation, the heat exchanger is operated as an evaporator coil and the refrigerant flows into the inlet header, whereas during heating operation, the coil is operated as a condenser coil and the refrigerant is flowing from the same header which is now the outlet header of the condenser coil.
  • the features of the piston 42 which allow for this bi-flow relationship are a central opening 43 and a plurality of peripheral flutes 44 as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the flow of refrigerant is passing from the header and into the bi-flow piston assembly 41, such that the piston 42 is moved to the far left.
  • the refrigerant is free to flow from the manifold 22 and between the flutes 44 to pass around a periphery of the piston 42.
  • the central opening 43 is still open, there is very little, if any refrigerant in the tube 34 since the refrigerant flow is most likely to travel by way of the least resistant path, directly from the manifold 22 and around the periphery of the piston 42.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un collecteur d'entrée (22) d'un échangeur thermique de pompe à chaleur à microcanaux comportant un tube (34) placé à l'intérieur et s'étendant sensiblement à l'intérieur sensiblement le long du collecteur d'entrée (22), avec le tube (34) ménagé de plusieurs ouvertures (36). Durant l'opération en mode refroidissement, le réfrigérant est écoulé dans une extrémité ouverte du tube (34) et dans sa longueur afin de s'écouler des ouvertures (36) du collecteur d'entrée (22) avant d'entrer dans les microcanaux (24) afin de fournir un écoulement uniforme au réfrigérant biphasé. Un dispositif d'expansion à écoulement double (41) placé au niveau de l'entrée du tube (34) permet l'expansion du réfrigérant liquide dans le tube (34) durant des périodes au cours desquelles l'échangeur thermique fonctionne en tant qu'évaporateur et permet au réfrigérant de s'écouler directement du collecteur (22) et autour du tube (34) durant des périodes au cours desquelles l'échangeur thermique fonctionne en tant que condenseur.
EP05855202A 2005-02-02 2005-12-22 Insert tubulaire et dispositif a ecoulement double destine a un collecteur d'une pompe a chaleur Withdrawn EP1844269A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US64928305P 2005-02-02 2005-02-02
PCT/US2005/046604 WO2006083426A1 (fr) 2005-02-02 2005-12-22 Insert tubulaire et dispositif a ecoulement double destine a un collecteur d'une pompe a chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1844269A1 true EP1844269A1 (fr) 2007-10-17
EP1844269A4 EP1844269A4 (fr) 2010-07-07

Family

ID=36777551

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05855202A Withdrawn EP1844269A4 (fr) 2005-02-02 2005-12-22 Insert tubulaire et dispositif a ecoulement double destine a un collecteur d'une pompe a chaleur

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8113270B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1844269A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008528935A (fr)
KR (1) KR100908769B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101111730B (fr)
AU (1) AU2005326694B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0519902A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2596328C (fr)
HK (1) HK1117223A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2007009246A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006083426A1 (fr)

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WO2006083426A1 (fr) 2006-08-10
AU2005326694B2 (en) 2010-07-22
US20080093051A1 (en) 2008-04-24
CN101111730B (zh) 2010-09-29
EP1844269A4 (fr) 2010-07-07
MX2007009246A (es) 2007-09-04
CA2596328C (fr) 2013-08-27
KR20070088794A (ko) 2007-08-29
AU2005326694A1 (en) 2006-08-10
CA2596328A1 (fr) 2006-08-10
JP2008528935A (ja) 2008-07-31
KR100908769B1 (ko) 2009-07-22
US8113270B2 (en) 2012-02-14
CN101111730A (zh) 2008-01-23
HK1117223A1 (en) 2009-01-09
BRPI0519902A2 (pt) 2009-08-11

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