EP1838822A2 - Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als biotreibstoff - Google Patents
Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als biotreibstoffInfo
- Publication number
- EP1838822A2 EP1838822A2 EP06700480A EP06700480A EP1838822A2 EP 1838822 A2 EP1838822 A2 EP 1838822A2 EP 06700480 A EP06700480 A EP 06700480A EP 06700480 A EP06700480 A EP 06700480A EP 1838822 A2 EP1838822 A2 EP 1838822A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- composition
- weight
- alcoholysis
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 150
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 39
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 39
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 39
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000223257 Thermomyces Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001661345 Moesziomyces antarcticus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010496 thistle oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000146387 Chromobacterium viscosum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000222175 Diutina rugosa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000223221 Fusarium oxysporum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000498617 Mucor javanicus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000589774 Pseudomonas sp. Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235403 Rhizomucor miehei Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235527 Rhizopus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000588264 Rhizopus javanicus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000179532 [Candida] cylindracea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 75
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 25
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 16
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 10
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007700 distillative separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000002741 palatine tonsil Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPAQLJHSZVFKES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Eicosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O FPAQLJHSZVFKES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011945 regioselective hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N sapienic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVGRZDASOHMCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Z,Z)-13,16-docosadienoic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HVGRZDASOHMCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100031375 Endothelial lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010048733 Lipozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000235395 Mucor Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000589540 Pseudomonas fluorescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235402 Rhizomucor Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000968489 Rhizomucor miehei Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000005384 Rhizopus oryzae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013752 Rhizopus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223258 Thermomyces lanuginosus Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012062 aqueous buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- CVCXSNONTRFSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosa-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC(O)=O CVCXSNONTRFSEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005713 exacerbation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002192 fatty aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005417 food ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049918 linoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FCCDDURTIIUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 FCCDDURTIIUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002366 lipolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000199 molecular distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000526 short-path distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1817—Compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/6445—Glycerides
- C12P7/6458—Glycerides by transesterification, e.g. interesterification, ester interchange, alcoholysis or acidolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/649—Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1826—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms poly-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Definitions
- compositions usable as biofuel are Compositions usable as biofuel
- the invention is in the field of glycerides. It relates to compositions containing fatty acid esters and partial glycerides and their preparation, for example by enzymatic catalysis and their use as biofuel.
- hydrocarbon-based fuels eg gas oils, fuel oils, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc.
- additives for corrosion protection and lubricity and flow improvers or compounds are known, which improve the emission levels of gases such as CO, CO 2 or NO x .
- bio-fuel is defined in Article 2.2 as follows: bio-ethanol, rapeseed oil methyl ester (RSME), biogas, biomethanol, biodimethyl ether, biohydrogen, synthetic biofuels and pure vegetable oils.
- RSME rapeseed oil methyl ester
- rapeseed oil methyl ester (RSME) is used as biodiesel. It is already possible that engines with pure biofuel are operated according to the EU directive. However, the addition of up to 2% RSME to normal diesel is likely to be required to comply with the EU directive.
- This RSME consists in the conversion of the natural triglyceride into a methyl ester or ethyl ester.
- the byproduct of this preparation route is crude glycerin.
- biodiesel as rapeseed methyl ester arise 100 kg of free glycerol.
- free glycerol With the increasing amount of biodiesel, the availability of glycerol increases. Since glycerine has a limited market size, which is already covered by previous productions, a disposal problem arises. This circumstance may limit the usual production route for biodiesel, as glycerol can no longer be counted as additional income, which will make this route economically unattractive.
- the manufacturing process should be as environmentally friendly and economical as possible.
- hydrolases especially lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are already used in industrial processes for lipid cleavage or transesterification.
- lipases EC 3.1.1.3
- the classical chemical method of monoglyceride production proceeds via a base-catalyzed glycerolysis of triglycerides, typically giving a yield of 40-60% monoglyceride relative to the total glycerides. Further enrichment up to> 90% monoglyceride content takes place via physical separation methods such as molecular distillation or crystallization.
- WO9013656 and WO9004033 describe the preparation of monoglycerides via enzymatic alcoholysis with various alcohols and a little water in the batch. Lipases are used in powder form or immobilized. In the examples, lipases become about 20 % By weight based on the triglyceride used and the alcohol component in 20-fold excess.
- WO9116441, WO9116442 and US5116745 describe processes in which, in the presence of a solvent, an alcohol and an aqueous buffer, mixed regioselective alcoholysis and hydrolysis to 1,2-diglycerides and 2-monoglycerides is carried out using lipases.
- EP407959 describes a process for the preparation of monoesters by a thermostable immobilized lipase in the presence of secondary or tertiary alcohols as solubilizers.
- WO0206505 (Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd) describes regioselective lipase-immobilized alcoholysis with high alcohol excess and high enzyme use concentration, followed by reesterification of the monoglyceride.
- JP03108489 and JP03187385 (Meito Sangyo Co. Ltd.) describe the regioselective hydrolysis of triglycerides with alkaline lipase with the addition of alkaline salts. It is a lipase that is active only under alkaline conditions.
- JP03103499 (Meito Sangyo Co. Ltd.) describes the regioselective alcoholysis of PUFA triglycerides with isobutanol in the presence of an alkaline lipase.
- the object of the present invention has consisted firstly of providing biofuel which complies with the guidelines of the European Parliament and in which the glycerol is present as a derivative and thus as little free glycerol as a by-product is formed in the production process.
- the manufacturing process should be as environmentally friendly and economical as possible.
- this resulted in finding a cost-effective enzymatic or chemical variant in order to increase the yield of monoglycerides and diglycerides from polyol esters, for example triglycerides.
- the content of enzyme in enzymatic alcoholysis should be kept as low as possible. Description of the invention
- the invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising alkyl esters having an alkyl radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms and partial glycerides, which has a glycerol content of free glycerol of not more than 2 wt .-% based on the total amount of the composition.
- compositions which contain the stated components in the mixture and contain at most 2% by weight of free glycerol achieve the object of the invention in an outstanding manner.
- a maximum glycerol content of not more than 1.3% by weight and more preferably of not more than 1.0% by weight is preferred, the evaluation being carried out using area percent in the GC analysis and the values for glycerol having to be calibrated on account of the strong absorption ,
- the composition contains as alkyl esters methyl and / or ethyl esters.
- the composition has a partial glyceride content of at least 10% by weight, and / or a triglyceride content of not more than 5% by weight and / or an acid number of not more than 5 based on the total amount of the composition. Preference is given to a monoglyceride content of at least 25% by weight.
- the composition contains methyl and / or ethyl esters, monoglycerides and diglyceride in proportions of:
- Methyl and / or ethyl esters 30-70% by weight, preferably 55-60% by weight
- compositions in which the alkyl esters, and partial glycerides fatty acid esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids having an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- fatty acid esters which can be obtained from vegetable oils such as, for example, linoleate, oleate, palmitate, stearate and / or perlaronate.
- vegetable oils such as, for example, linoleate, oleate, palmitate, stearate and / or perlaronate.
- unsatisfied representatives are laurolein, myristolein, palmitoleic, petroseladin, oil, elaidin, ricinole, linoleic, linolaidin, linolenic gadolein, arachidone and erucic acid esters.
- Mixtures of the methyl esters and / or ethyl esters of these acids are also suitable.
- Preferred oils for obtaining the fatty acid esters are sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, thistle oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, tallow, olive oil, castor oil, palm oil, palm oil fractions such as palm olein or palm stearin, yatropha oil, coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
- Peanut oil contains on average (based on fatty acid) 54% by weight of oleic acid, 24% by weight of linoleic acid, 1% by weight of linolenic acid, 1% by weight of arachidic acid, 10% by weight of palmitic acid and 4% by weight of stearic acid.
- the melting point is 2 to 3 ° C.
- Linseed oil typically contains 5% by weight of palmitic, 4% by weight of stearic, 22% by weight of oil, 17% by weight of linoleic acid and 52% by weight of linolenic acid.
- the iodine number is in the range of 155 to 205, the saponification number is 188 to 196 and the melting point is about - 20 ° C.
- Palm oil contains predominantly oleic acid. Palm oil contains as fatty acid components about 2 wt .-% myristic, 42 wt .-% palmitane, 5 wt .-% stearic, 41 wt .-% oil, 10 wt .-% linoleic acid.
- Rapeseed oil typically contains about 48% by weight of erucic acid, 15% by weight of oleic acid, 14% by weight of linoleic acid, 8% by weight of linolenic acid, 5% by weight of icosenoic acid, 3% by weight of palmitic acid, 2% by weight of fatty acid components % Hexadecenoic acid and 1% by weight docosadienoic acid. Rapeseed oil from new breeding is enriched in terms of unsaturated components.
- Typical fatty acid moieties here are erucic acid 0.5% by weight, oleic acid 63% by weight, linoleic acid 20% by weight, linolenic acid 9% by weight, icosenoic acid 1% by weight, palmitic acid 4% by weight, Hexadecenoic acid 2% by weight and docosadienoic 1% by weight.
- Castor oil consists of 80 to 85 wt .-% of the glyceride of ricinoleic acid, besides about 7 wt .-% glycerides of the oil, to 3 wt .-% glycerides of linoleic and about 2 wt .-% of the glycerides containing palmitic and stearic acid.
- Soybean oil contains 55 to 65 wt .-% of total fatty acids polyunsaturated acids, especially linoleic and linolenic acid.
- sunflower oil whose typical fatty acid spectrum, based on total fatty acid looks like this: about 1 wt .-% myristic, 3 to 10 wt .-% palmitic, 14 to 65 wt .-% of oil and 20 bis 75% by weight of linoleic acid.
- the fatty acid composition in the mixture results from the particular native fatty acid composition of the vegetable oil used and the particular quality of the raw material from which the methyl and / or ethyl esters and the monoglycerides are prepared.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the production of biofuel in which triglycerides are enzymatically reacted in the presence of alcohols having a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 8 carbon atoms with an esterase which is activated by the addition of alkaline salts.
- a triglyceride is cleaved in the presence of an alcohol into a 2-monoglyceride and two fatty acid esters.
- more than 90% of the glycerin remains chemically bound in the product, and the low levels of glycerol released remain in the product in a single-phase solution.
- this process does not produce any glycerol as a by-product, and accordingly the amount of raw material oil required can be significantly reduced.
- the composition according to the invention can be prepared in an outstanding manner.
- the reaction can be carried out very inexpensively by the use of small amounts of esterase, preferably lipase.
- the reaction is carried out directly with the enzyme concentrate with the addition of an alkaline inorganic salt, which causes a strong activation of the enzyme. As a result, good conversion is achieved with low enzyme dosage even without stabilization of the enzyme by immobilization. An addition of solvents is not necessary.
- the alcoholysis is carried out at temperatures of 10 ° to 40 ° C, preferably at 10 ° to 30 ° C and to maintain optimum regioselectivity and activity particularly preferably at a temperature of 15 ° to 25 ° C.
- the reaction is carried out at a water content of 0.1-10% by weight, preferably 0.1-5% by weight and more preferably 0.1-2% by weight, based on the amount of triglyceride, the Water content of the liquid enzyme preparation is included.
- the reaction also works with higher water contents, but then the content of free fatty acid formed is increased. High levels of free fatty acid are not desirable because they can be corrosive effect on engine parts in the form of use biodiesel at high temperatures.
- the reaction time is preferably 12-48 h, depending on the enzyme concentration used.
- all reactants are mixed and the reaction started by addition of the enzyme preparation.
- the addition of the alcohol component having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably methanol and / or ethanol, preferably ethanol, is carried out either completely at the beginning or metered over the reaction period.
- the amount of alcohol used is variable, minimum 2 moles of alcohol to 1 mole of oil, maximum 50% by weight of alcohol and 50% by weight of oil in the batch.
- the esterase can be deactivated by the heat and then the precipitated esterase optionally filtered off, wherein in addition to the precipitated esterase, the removal of additives or formulation constituents of the enzyme preparation used can be achieved.
- the following optional steps can be connected to the inventive method.
- a use concentration of 0.05-2% of the commercially available liquid preparation is used in relation to the amount of triglyceride used.
- These commercially available enzyme liquid preparations have an average enzyme activity of 100,000 U / ml.
- One enzyme unit U is defined as the amount of enzyme which converts one micromole of substrate per minute.
- alkaline inorganic salts selected from the group which is formed for activating the esterase of hydroxides, carbonates and phosphates of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and ammonium, pre-dissolved in water.
- the amount of alkaline inorganic salts for activating the esterases according to the invention is between 0.00001 and 1 wt .-%, preferably between 0.0001 and 0.2 wt .-% based on the amount of triglyceride.
- the amount of basic additive used depends on the amount of enzyme liquid preparation used which is buffered and on the strength of the base.
- the strongest activation of Thermomyces lanugenosus lipase was achieved when added to the commercially available enzyme liquid preparation salts such as: trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide in amounts of 0.0001 - 0.2 wt .-% (based on the triglyceride content) were.
- a faster monoglyceride synthesis rate was achieved than with Thermomyces lipase adsorbed on polypropylene.
- the activation of the lipase is so strong that it can not be explained by the pH shift in the reaction medium alone.
- Thermomyces lanugenosus lipase is used immobilized under the same conditions, no similar strong salt-activated activation can be seen.
- This strong activation is very surprising since it is generally accepted that high activity can be achieved in the low-water medium only with lipases which are bound to a carrier. Due to this strong activation complex immobilization processes can be dispensed with and it leads to a simple plant concept.
- a measurement of the pH of the reacted product mixture also shows that the pH is in the neutral to weakly acidic, which makes enzyme activation alone via pH shift unlikely.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of monoglycerides, in which triglycerides are enzymatically reacted in the presence of alcohols having a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 8 carbon atoms with an esterase which immobilized and / or chemically modified is used.
- the composition according to the invention can also be prepared in an outstanding manner with this enzymatic process.
- the glycerin also remains chemically bound to over 90% in the product and the low levels of glycerol released remain dissolved in the product in a single phase.
- this method does not produce any glycerine as a by-product and, accordingly, the amount of required raw material oil can be reduced decrease significantly.
- the reaction can be carried out very cost-effectively by the repeated use of the immobilized and / or chemically modified esterase, preferably lipase. An addition of solvents is not necessary.
- the alcoholysis is carried out at temperatures of from 10 ° to 60 ° C, preferably at 10 ° to 4O 0 C and to maintain optimal regioselectivity and activity particularly preferably at a temperature of 15 ° to 30 ° C.
- the reaction is carried out at a water content of 0-10% by weight, preferably 0-5% by weight and more preferably 0-2% by weight, based on the amount of triglyceride.
- the reaction works well at higher water contents, but then the content of formed free fatty acid is increased. High levels of free fatty acid are not desirable because they can be corrosive effect on engine parts in the form of use biodiesel at high temperatures.
- the reaction time is preferably 1-48 h depending on the enzyme concentration used.
- all reactants are mixed and the reaction started by addition of the enzyme preparation.
- the addition of the alcohol component is carried out either completely at the beginning or dosed over the reaction period.
- the amount of alcohol used is variable, minimum 2 moles of alcohol to 1 mole of oil, maximum 50% by weight of alcohol and 50% by weight of oil in the batch.
- the esterase can be filtered off.
- the following optional steps can be connected to the method according to the invention. > Adding water-absorbing agents during the enzymatic reaction to
- carrier materials are suitable, which are suitable for the binding of enzymes.
- plastics mineral carriers or resins which bind the esterases via hydrophobic interactions, e.g. Amberlite 16 (Rohm & Haas), Celite or Accurel MP 1000 (Membrana).
- ion exchangers which bind the esterases via ionic and in some cases also hydrophobic interactions, such as, for example, Dowex Marathon WBA (Dow Chemicals) or Duolite A 568 (Rohm & Haas).
- carriers capable of binding esterases via chemically reactive groups e.g. Eupergite (Degussa).
- esterases are suitable for the adaptation of the esterases to the reaction system.
- hydrophobic modifications such as, for example, coating with surfactants or chemical modification with fatty aldehydes can be used.
- stabilization of the esterases via cross-linking for example by glutaraldehyde, DMA or EDC.
- esterases Another suitable combination of chemical modification and immobilization is the adaptation of the esterases to the reaction system.
- either the esterases can first be immobilized and then modified carrier-bound or already chemically modified esterases are immobilized.
- the esterases to be used in the enzymatic methods of the invention are preferably those derived from an organism selected from the group consisting of Thermomyces lanugenosus, Candida antarctica A, Candida antarctica B, Rhizomucor miehei, Candida cylindracea, Rhizopus javanicus, Pancreatic pancreas, Aspergillus niger, Candida rugosa, Mucor javanicus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizopus oryzae, Pseudomonas sp., Chromobacterium viscosum, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicilium camenberti.
- esterases from Thermomyces lanugenosus with the synonym: Humicola lanuginosa.
- Esterases are enzymes that catalyze the formation and hydrolysis of esters; as hydrolases, they split their respective substrates by incorporating the elements of the water.
- the esterases include, for example, the lipolytic lipases which are preferred esterases according to the invention.
- Particularly preferred for the process according to the invention is the use of 1,3-regiospecific lipases, which are characterized in that they preferentially split off the fatty acids at the 1- and 3-position of triglycerides.
- any 1,3-regioselective lipase or esterase can be used in free or immobilized form for the process according to the invention.
- the lipase of Thermomyces lanugenosus manufactured by manufactureurer Novozymes, name Lipozyme TL 100 1 or Lipolase 100 EX
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of monoglycerides in which triglycerides are chemically reacted in the presence of alcohols having a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alcohols are used in a molar concentration lower than the molar concentration of glyceride-bound fatty acid.
- the composition according to the invention can be produced by this process. With this method, at least a large part of the glycerol contained in the triglyceride remains in bound form in the product, so that less glycerol is formed than in the classical production of biodiesel.
- alkaline catalysts are used in "a low-pressure transesterification or come strongly acidic catalysts in a low-pressure transesterification is used. Also part of the method are Hochdrucku- mesterungen in the presence of a chemical catalyst.
- the salts of alcohols having a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 8 carbon atoms are preferably used with monovalent cations, particularly preferably the sodium and potassium salts of methanol and ethanol.
- carbonates and oxides such as sodium carbonate or calcium oxide are preferably used.
- the catalysts are used in a concentration of 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably in a concentration of 0.1% by weight to 1% by weight.
- the alkaline catalysts can be prepared in situ from anhydrous NaOH or KOH and the corresponding alcohol.
- the transesterification is carried out at a temperature of 40-120 ° C at a pressure of at most 2 bar.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at a pressure of not more than 1, 2 bar.
- the catalyst is neutralized by adding acid such as citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid and separated by separation.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 10 hours, depending on the catalyst concentration used and the reaction temperature.
- Preferred catalysts for the acidic low-pressure transesterification in homogeneous catalysis are mineral acids, in particular sulfuric acid, or aliphatic and aromatic sulfates. used.
- the catalysts are used in a concentration of 0.01% by weight - 5% by weight.
- the transesterification is carried out at a temperature of 40 - 160 ° C at a pressure of 5 bar maximum.
- the catalyst is neutralized by the addition of an alkali such as, for example, aqueous NaOH or KOH and separated by separation.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 25 hours, depending on the catalyst concentration used and the reaction temperature.
- catalysts for the high-pressure transesterification metal salts or metal soaps are used, preferably salts or soaps of zinc such as zinc acetate or zinc stearate in a concentration of 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight.
- the transesterification is carried out at a temperature of 120 - 250 0 C at a pressure of a maximum of 20 - 200 bar.
- the catalyst is separated by filtration.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1-5 h, depending on the catalyst concentration used and the reaction temperature.
- the chemical partial transesterification can be carried out in the process according to the invention as a batch reaction or as a continuous reaction.
- the alcohol component can either be passed in gaseous countercurrent to the oil or, alternatively, in single phase with the oil under high pressure or low temperature conditions in cocurrent.
- all reactants are mixed and the reaction started by adding the catalyst.
- the addition of the alcohol component preferably methanol and / or ethanol, ethanol preferred, takes place either completely at the beginning or dosed over the reaction period.
- the amount of alcohol used is variable, minimum 10 mol% alcohol, maximum 30 mol% alcohol based on the amount of oil used in the batch.
- the catalyst can be filtered off or neutralized and washed out after the reaction. The following optional steps can be connected to the method according to the invention.
- alcohol and / or water is partially or completely removed. Preference is given here to the distillative separation. In the distillation it is also possible to separate off any free glycerol still present which is produced in small amounts as a by-product.
- Acid-containing fats and oils can be used without problems in the described acid-catalyzed low-pressure process and in the chemically catalyzed high-pressure process.
- triglycerides of fats and oils are preferably used which have a high content of monounsaturated and / or polyunsaturated fatty acids and are selected from the group formed by sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, disperse oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, peanut oil , Tallow, olive oil, castor oil, palm oil, yatropha oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil and waste oils such as used deep-frying fat.
- the fats and oils can be employed in refined quality or in crude quality in the process according to the invention. Acidic fats and oils are easy to use in the described process.
- alcohols as alcohol components having a number of carbon atoms of 1-8 C atoms. These may have linear or branched carbon chains and preferably represent primary or secondary alcohols and are preferably selected from the group which is formed from methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol; 1-butanol, sec. Butanol, ter. Butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol.
- methanol, ethanol or 1-propanol are used. Particularly preferred are methanol and ethanol or mixtures thereof, and particularly preferred is ethanol.
- the ethanol used is preferably obtainable from biological sources, for example from the fermentation of carbohydrates.
- the content of alcohol is preferably 10 to 50 wt .-% or 10 to 30 mol% in the chemical method based on the triglyceride, preferably 15 to 40 wt% or, 15 to 25 mol% used in the chemical process.
- the monoglyceride content depends on the amount of alcohol used.
- Another object of the invention is a composition obtainable by the inventive method.
- the composition thus obtained mainly consisting of alcohol, alkyl ester, monoglyceride and diglyceride can be mixed directly to diesel fuel. Due to the e-emulsifying character of the monoglycerides formed, possibly formed fatty acids, free glycerol and small amounts of water in the product are dissolved in a single phase. Traces of water are better bound and no longer disturb the combustion process.
- the educated Monoglycerides increase the lubricating properties.
- the components in the composition according to the invention can, in their mixture, cause residual glycerine to be better burned in the combustion process.
- alcohol can be completely or partially removed from the composition prepared according to the invention, for example by distillation, before admixing it with the diesel.
- a fuel composition containing 90 to 99.5 wt% gas oil and 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 6 wt .-% of a composition according to the invention or a composition according to the invention Method can be produced.
- gas oil is understood to mean all possible fractions of crude oil in the additive and non-additized state.
- gas oil is preferably understood as meaning diesel.
- Additives contained in said gas oil in an additive state and which may be included in addition to the compositions of the invention are additives selected from the group consisting of conductivity improvers, cetane improvers, CFPP / CP improvers, defoamers, lubricity improvers, corrosion inhibitors and dehazers.
- Diesel fuels are obtained from gas oil by cracking or from tars recovered from the carbonization of lignite or coal. Diesel fuels are flame retardant mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons which are used as fuels for constant pressure or burner engines (diesel engines) and consist predominantly of paraffins with admixtures of olefins, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Their composition is inconsistent and depends especially on the manufacturing method. Typical products have a density between 0.83 and 0.88 g / cm3, a boiling point between 170 and 360 ° C and flash points between 70 and 100 0 C.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the inventive composition comprising alkyl esters having an alkyl radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and partial glycerides having a glycerol content of free glycerol of not more than 2 wt .-% based on the total amount of the composition or the preferred embodiment of this composition or compositions obtainable by the processes according to the invention as biofuel.
- a biofuel has been provided in which only small amounts of free glycerol are present as a by-product.
- an enzymatic conversion of pure vegetable oil and bioalcohol produces a mixture of alkyl ester and partial glycerides, which can be used as biofuel or as additive according to European Directive 2003/30 / EC.
- a biofuel is produced and made available, which includes the benefits of raw materials from renewable sources.
- Advantage of the bio-fuel according to the invention is in addition to the production by-products also the introduction of additional oxygen in the combustion path, which reduces exhaust gases.
- the additional lubricating action of the partial glycerides leads to the need for the use of lubricity improvers is unnecessary.
- the first production process saves energy because it proceeds purely enzymatically and without much purification of the final product.
- a further object of the invention is the use of the inventive composition containing alkyl esters having an alkyl radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and partial glycerides and in particular methyl and / or ethyl esters, monoglycerides and methanol and / or ethanol which has a glycerol content of at most 2% by weight based on the total amount of the composition or the preferred embodiments of this composition or compositions obtainable by the processes according to the invention as an additive in fuel compositions and preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, in particular from 1 to 5% by weight.
- Particularly preferred is the use of the composition of the invention as an additive for improving the lubricity of fuel compositions.
- glyceride mixtures with a high content of monoglyceride show good lubricating properties. It has thus been possible to show that the monoglycerides prepared by the process according to the invention can also be used as fuel additives in diesel fuel and show good lubricating properties.
- the enzymatic process according to the invention makes it possible to use the regiospecific fatty acid composition of the naturally occurring oils.
- the monoglyceride fraction mainly contains the fatty acid composition found in the 2-position of the oils.
- the higher unsaturated fatty acids are preferentially bound in the 2-position. This allows e.g. starting from sunflower or thistle oil monoglycerides with a high content of linoleic acid. These monoglycerides have a lowered solidification point, which is particularly important for the use of monoglycerides as a diesel additive. Based on palm oil, e.g. to obtain a monoglyceride with a high content of oleic acid.
- fuel compositions are understood as all energy-supplying operating materials whose free combustion energy is converted into mechanical work. These include all types of liquid at room temperature and normal pressure motor and aviation fuels.
- Motor fuels eg for car or truck engines, usually contain hydrocarbons, for example gasoline or higher-boiling petroleum fractions.
- the fuel compositions according to the invention are preferably diesel oil.
- the immobilizates of mixtures 1 - 3 and 15 + 16 were purchased directly from the manufacturer in immobilized form.
- the immobilizates of batches 4 to 8 were prepared by adsorption on acurel MP1000 (Membrana).
- 1 Accurel MP 1000 was incubated for 1 h in 10 ml of ethanol. After decanting the ethanol, 10 g of water and 0.5 g each of the lipase preparation were added. The mixture was incubated overnight at room temperature. Subsequently, the immobilizate was separated by filtration and dried for 24 h on paper sheets at room temperature.
- a weak activity is detected with Novozym 388, which is independent of the addition of basic salt.
- the mixtures were stirred overnight at 8 ° C, then the enzyme immobilizate was filtered off.
- the Irnmobilisat was dried overnight between paper towels at room temperature.
- the immobilizate was weighed out and an immobilizate quantity corresponding to 0.2 g lipolase liquid preparation was used for the alcoholysis.
- Immobilization of Lipolase on Accurel MP 1000 (Membrana) Alternatively: The immobilization was carried out as described above. After filtration of the immobilizate, 5 ml of a 200 mM Na 3 PO 4 solution were added. The complete mixture was dried at room temperature under vacuum. The aim of this additional step, it was "make mobilisat. The immobilized was weighed and a Immobilisatmenge" an already alkaline import 0.2 g Lipolase liquid preparation corresponds, used for the alcoholysis.
- the content of glycerides and esters was analyzed by gas chromatography. The evaluation was carried out over area percent, with the excess free alcohols were not included. Samples were taken at the times indicated in the table.
- the content of glycerides was analyzed by gas chromatography. The evaluation was carried out over area percent. The glycerol content was also analyzed by gas chromatography and is reported in uncalibrated area percent. According to mass balance, the absolute glycerol content is lower, but here the comparison of the relative values is decisive.
- GC samples were taken for glycerol determination after 16 h and for glyceride determination after 40 h of reaction time. Acid numbers were determined after 16 h.
- reaction rate was reduced with an increase in the alcohol content.
- the reaction rate could be improved so that good monoglyceride formation is achieved even with a high molar excess of ethanol (batch 6).
- Reaction temperature is in the range of 20 - 25 0 C.
- the total mixture before washing with water still about 12 wt .-% free ethanol.
- the content of free glycerol in the washed finished product is less than 0.05 wt .-%.
- the product had a glycerin content after calibration of 1.1% by weight.
- Example 12 Storage stability of the reaction products of Example 11
- Example 11 The resulting products of Example 11 were stored at room temperature and in daylight in clear glass bottles for 55 days. Comparative GC studies were performed.
- Example 13 Glycerol removal from the reaction products of Example 11
- Example 10 Two samples of biofuel from an enzymatic production were tested as an additive to normal petrol station diesel. To this end, the product of Example 10 was used, which was used without glycerol removal (designation USC-CM-8327-131DS) and after glycerol removal via washing with water (designation USC-CM-8327-131).
- the mixtures were each 2.5; 3 and 5 wt .-% tested in the gas station diesel for their behavior in the cold. For this purpose, the CFPP values of the samples were determined.
- Batch 1 50 g of Accurel MP 1000 are incubated for 1 h with 500 g of ethanol. After separating off the ethanol, 500 g of water and 50 g of lipolase are added and the mixture is stirred for 24 h. After separation of the water, the immobilizate is dried. The immobilizate is placed in a 3 liter reactor and 1.6 kg of sunflower oil and 0.4 kg Ethanol and 8 g of water was added. The reaction mixture is incubated for 24 h at room temperature with stirring. After the end of the reaction, the immobilizate is filtered off and the excess water / ethanol mixture is withdrawn from the reactor. The sample is mixed with 16 g of tonsil and 2 g of water and incubated for 30 min at 80 ° C.
- the ethyl ester / partial glyceride mixture is then subjected to short path distillation. At 175 ° C and a vacuum of 0.3 mbar, the ethyl esters are separated by distillation. The bottom product was used for the lubrication tests.
- Lubricating properties were measured by HFFR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test) according to CEC Method F-06-T-94.
- HFFR High Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test
- Various diesel fuels and monoglyceride mixtures based on sunflower oil and rapeseed oil from Example 15 were used as shown in the table below.
- a total of 1600 kg of refined rapeseed oil, 640 kg of ethanol, 600 ml of 1 M NaOH, 7 l of water and 250,000 U lipase (esterase from Thermomyces, unit information according to manufacturer) are added to a 4000 l reactor, based on 1 kg rapeseed oil.
- the mixture is stirred for 40 h, then the mixture is heated with stirring to 80 ° C and stirred for 2 h at 80 ° C, the container remains closed, so that no ethanol can escape. Then it will open Cooled to 50 ° C and filtered through a drum filter with 10 kg Celatom FW 14.
- the product is bottled and stored at room temperature.
- a total of 1600 kg of refined rapeseed oil, 640 kg of ethanol, 600 ml of 1 M NaOH, 7 l of water and 250,000 U lipase (esterase from Thermomyces, unit information according to manufacturer) are added to a 4000 l reactor, based on 1 kg rapeseed oil.
- the mixture is stirred for 40 h, then the mixture is heated with stirring to 120 0 C.
- Vacuum is placed on the reactor and the ethanol - water mixture is withdrawn from the reactor. The vacuum is slowly lowered until no more ethanol escapes from the batch. It is then cooled to 50 ° C and filtered through a drum filter with 10 kg Celatom FW 14.
- the product is bottled and stored at room temperature.
- Example 19 Analysis of the experimental products from Examples 17 and 18
- the test products are a mixture consisting mainly of ethyl esters and monoglycerides based on the fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil. In lower proportions diglycerides are included, secondary components are fatty acids and triglycerides. The non-distilled approach contains additional ethanol and low water content. The test products are of good color, which corresponds to that of the oils used. The contents of organic and inorganic substances are low. Based on the glycerol analysis, it can be seen that the glycerol of the triglyceride is almost completely bound in the form of the partial glycerides and less than 5% of the glycerol is in free form.
- Example 17 and Example 18 were stored for 3 months at room temperature in sealed drums.
- the products are sufficiently stable in storage for use as a diesel additive or as a fuel additive for diesel.
- the HFFR values of different blends of diesel with FAME were determined in comparison with a 3% blend of the inventive composition from Example 18 and thus the lubricity was investigated.
- the test is described in ISO 12156. In the test, a metal pin is run over a metal plate and determines the size of the scar. As a result, the better the lubricity, the smaller the scar.
- the composition according to the invention admixed with the diesel to give a 3% blend contained the following weight percent distribution:
- Example 22 Suitability of the Composition According to the Invention from Example 18 as an Additive to Fuels According to EU Directive
- Carbon Residue Micro (on 10% dist res): This test is used to determine the carbon residue in the diesel. For this purpose, a sample is evaporated in a stream of nitrogen and the residue weighed. "Micro" stands for the method. For materials where a residue of less than 0.1% is expected, a 10% distillation residue is prepared in advance and then measured.
- FBP Final Boiling Point. The percentage refers to the proportion of vaporized diesel at the respective temperatures.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005002700A DE102005002700A1 (de) | 2005-01-19 | 2005-01-19 | Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als Biotreibstoff |
PCT/EP2006/000121 WO2006077023A2 (de) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-10 | Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als biotreibstoff |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1838822A2 true EP1838822A2 (de) | 2007-10-03 |
Family
ID=36118201
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06700480A Withdrawn EP1838822A2 (de) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-10 | Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als biotreibstoff |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7799544B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1838822A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5094413B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101479372B (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0606422A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2595007A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005002700A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2007008658A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006077023A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005002711A1 (de) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-27 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Herstellung und Verwendung von Monoglyceriden |
WO2006086936A1 (de) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Flüssige bio-brennstoffmischung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung derselben |
WO2007055661A1 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-18 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Enzymatic production of biodiesels |
ES2289943B1 (es) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-12-16 | Universidad De Cordoba | Procedimiento de produccion de biodiesel mediante el uso de lipasa pancreatica de cerdo como biocatalizador enzimatico. |
EP1923453A1 (de) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-21 | Cognis IP Management GmbH | Additive und ihre Verwendung als Löslichkeitsverbesserer in Treibstoffen |
JP2008260819A (ja) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-30 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | バイオディーゼル燃料の製造方法 |
SI2014771T1 (sl) * | 2007-06-25 | 2015-04-30 | Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Kontinuiran postopek encimske hidrolize |
US20100216209A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2010-08-26 | Eiji Iwaoka | Immobilized lipase and method for producing the same |
RU2010109418A (ru) * | 2007-08-13 | 2011-09-20 | Фраунхофер-Гезелльшафт Цур Фердерунг Дер Ангевандтен Форшунг Е.Ф. (De) | Жидкое биотопливо из сложных эфиров и связанных глицеридов, а также способ их получения |
JP5545695B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-16 | 2014-07-09 | 水澤化学工業株式会社 | バイオ燃料の製造方法 |
EP2065460A1 (de) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-03 | Wulfenia Beteiligungs GmbH | Biologischer Brennstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE102008006716A1 (de) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-13 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Lipasenformulierung |
CN102144035B (zh) * | 2008-07-08 | 2014-10-08 | 科技研究局 | 通过酶促水解及随后的化学/酶促酯化生产生物柴油 |
EP2350301A1 (de) * | 2008-10-31 | 2011-08-03 | Novozymes A/S | Enzymatische herstellung von fettsäureethylestern |
US20100139155A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-06-10 | Mennell James A | Switch grass fuel objects with high heat output and reduced air emissions designed for large-scale power generation |
US20100139156A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-06-10 | Mennell James A | Corn stover fuel objects with high heat output and reduced emissions designed for large-scale power generation |
EP2298727B1 (de) * | 2009-09-05 | 2015-03-04 | Cognis IP Management GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Estern kurzkettiger Alkohole aus triglyceridreichen Ölen |
SG10201500215UA (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-03-30 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Synergistic biofuel blends and related methods |
WO2013030816A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-07 | Trans Bio-Diesel Ltd. | Enzymatic transesterification with lipases immobilized on hydrophobic resins in water solutions |
US10000731B2 (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2018-06-19 | Trans Bio-Diesel Ltd. | Enzymatic transesterification/esterification processes employing lipases immobilized on hydrophobic resins in the presence of water solutions |
CA2791836C (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2014-10-28 | Trans Bio-Diesel Ltd. | A process for the enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters |
US9175315B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2015-11-03 | Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc | Production of alcohol esters and in situ product removal during alcohol fermentation |
US9040263B2 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2015-05-26 | Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc | Production of alcohol esters and in situ product removal during alcohol fermentation |
CA3085848C (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2022-08-30 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Methods and apparatus for enhancing the energy content of carbonaceous materials from pyrolysis |
US8679202B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2014-03-25 | Seachange Group Llc | Glycerol containing fuel mixture for direct injection engines |
US8641788B2 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2014-02-04 | Igp Energy, Inc. | Fuels and fuel additives comprising butanol and pentanol |
JP2015520726A (ja) | 2012-05-07 | 2015-07-23 | バイオジェニック レゲント ベンチャーズ エルエルシー | 生物起源の活性炭ならびにそれを作製および使用する方法 |
WO2015061701A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-30 | Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc | Methods and apparatus for producing activated carbon from biomass through carbonized ash intermediates |
SI3094593T1 (sl) | 2014-01-16 | 2022-05-31 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Mikro postrojenje za proizvodnjo ogljika |
US20150239743A1 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-27 | Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc | Highly mesoporous activated carbon |
CN105925627B (zh) * | 2014-03-14 | 2019-08-13 | 嘉必优生物技术(武汉)股份有限公司 | 微生物油及其制备方法 |
WO2015175876A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | Seachange Group Llc | Biodiesel glycerol emulsion fuel mixtures |
WO2016065357A1 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc | Halogenated activated carbon compositions and methods of making and using same |
JP6409132B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2018-10-17 | 関西化学機械製作株式会社 | 脂肪酸エステルの製造方法 |
EP3344734B1 (de) * | 2015-08-31 | 2022-10-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Schmierend wirkende mischung mit glyceriden |
US11753698B2 (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2023-09-12 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Bio-reduction of metal ores integrated with biomass pyrolysis |
BR112023016400A2 (pt) | 2021-02-18 | 2023-10-31 | Carbon Tech Holdings Llc | Produtos metalúrgicos com carbono negativo |
WO2022232316A1 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-11-03 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Biocarbon compositions with optimized fixed carbon and processes for producing the same |
EP4367070A1 (de) | 2021-07-09 | 2024-05-15 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Verfahren zur herstellung von biokohlenstoffpellets mit hohem festkohlenstoffgehalt und optimierter reaktivität und daraus hergestellte biokohlenstoffpellets |
CA3237226A1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-19 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Biocarbon compositions with optimized compositional parameters, and processes for producing the same |
CN114657218A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-24 | 陕西海斯夫生物工程有限公司 | 一种用于制备生物柴油复合催化剂制备方法与它的用途 |
BR102022016424A2 (pt) * | 2022-08-18 | 2024-02-27 | Brasil Bio Fuels S.A | Processo de produção de aditivo renovável para uso em diesel maritimo contendo glicerideos parciais e produto assim obtido |
WO2024119202A1 (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-06 | Vaal University Of Technology | Immobilised lipase and method of producing biodiesel using the same |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03187385A (ja) | 1983-11-10 | 1991-08-15 | Meito Sangyo Kk | モノグリセライドの製造法 |
FR2577569B1 (fr) * | 1985-02-15 | 1987-03-20 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de fabrication d'une composition d'esters d'acide gras utilisables comme carburant de substitution du gazole avec de l'alcool ethylique hydrate et composition d'esters ainsi formes |
DE3512497A1 (de) | 1985-04-06 | 1986-10-09 | Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonsaeurealkylestern, insbesondere fettsaeurealkylestern, und deren verwendung als dieselkraftstoff |
WO1990004033A1 (en) | 1988-10-04 | 1990-04-19 | Enzytech, Inc. | Production of monoglycerides by enzymatic transesterification |
US5316927A (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1994-05-31 | Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. | Production of monoglycerides by enzymatic transesterification |
US5935828A (en) | 1989-05-01 | 1999-08-10 | Opta Food Ingredients, Inc. | Enzymatic production of monoglycerides containing omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids |
EP0407959A3 (en) | 1989-07-11 | 1992-01-02 | Lion Corporation | Process for producing polyol fatty acid monoesters |
JPH03103499A (ja) | 1989-09-14 | 1991-04-30 | Meito Sangyo Kk | 高度不飽和脂肪酸モノグリセリドの製造方法 |
JPH03108489A (ja) | 1989-09-22 | 1991-05-08 | Meito Sangyo Kk | 長鎖高度不飽和脂肪酸モノグリセリドの製造法 |
US5116745A (en) | 1990-04-19 | 1992-05-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparing 2-acylglycerides or 1,2-diacyl diglycerides or 2,3-diacyl diglycerides |
US5149642A (en) | 1990-04-20 | 1992-09-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparing 2-acylglycerides or 1,2 or 2,3-diacylglycerides |
GB9315205D0 (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1993-09-08 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Additives and fuel compositions |
FR2748490B1 (fr) * | 1996-05-07 | 1998-06-19 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de fabrication d'esters ethyliques |
US5968792A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1999-10-19 | Henkel Corporation | Calcium activation of lipase enzyme in process of pressure splitting glycerides |
WO1999015689A1 (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 1999-04-01 | Enzymothec Ltd. | Surfactant-lipase complex immobilized on insoluble matrix |
FR2772391B1 (fr) | 1997-12-15 | 2001-07-20 | Toulousaine De Rech Et De Dev | Procede d'alcoolyse enzymatique d'une huile de tournesol oleique, notamment pour la fabrication d'une composition lubrifiante tensioactive |
WO2000063322A1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Pure Fuels Usa, Inc. | Fuel compositions |
EP1088880A1 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 2001-04-04 | Fina Research S.A. | Brennstoffzusammensetzung |
JP4530311B2 (ja) | 2000-07-13 | 2010-08-25 | 日本水産株式会社 | リパーゼを用いたグリセライドの製造方法 |
JP4854889B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2012-01-18 | 株式会社レボインターナショナル | 廃食油からのディーゼル燃料油の製造方法 |
FR2838433B1 (fr) * | 2002-04-11 | 2005-08-19 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production d'esters alkyliques a partir d'une huile vegetale ou animale et d'un monoalcool aliphatique |
JP4123899B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-01 | 2008-07-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料の製造方法 |
ITMI20022627A1 (it) | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-13 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Uso di una miscela di esteri di acidi grassi come combustibile |
FR2852602B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-17 | 2007-08-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'alcoolyse d'huiles acides d'origine vegetale ou animale |
JP4122433B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-18 | 2008-07-23 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 副産物を生成しないバイオディーゼル燃料の無触媒製造法 |
-
2005
- 2005-01-19 DE DE102005002700A patent/DE102005002700A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-01-10 JP JP2007551579A patent/JP5094413B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-10 WO PCT/EP2006/000121 patent/WO2006077023A2/de active Application Filing
- 2006-01-10 BR BRPI0606422-1A patent/BRPI0606422A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-10 EP EP06700480A patent/EP1838822A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-10 CN CN2006800026880A patent/CN101479372B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-10 MX MX2007008658A patent/MX2007008658A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-01-10 CA CA002595007A patent/CA2595007A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-10 US US11/795,667 patent/US7799544B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006077023A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101479372B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
CN101479372A (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
JP2008527154A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
MX2007008658A (es) | 2007-09-06 |
JP5094413B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
WO2006077023A2 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
CA2595007A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
US7799544B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 |
US20080153143A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
WO2006077023A3 (de) | 2008-02-28 |
DE102005002700A1 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
BRPI0606422A2 (pt) | 2009-06-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2006077023A2 (de) | Zusammensetzungen verwendbar als biotreibstoff | |
EP1838861B1 (de) | Herstellung von monoglyceriden aus triglyceriden durch alkoholyse unter verwendung der thermomyces lanuginosus lipase, welche durch alkalische salze aktiviert wird | |
Narasimharao et al. | Catalysts in production of biodiesel: a review | |
Haas et al. | 2 Alternate feedstocks and technologies for biodiesel production | |
US8673029B2 (en) | Use of fuels or fuel additives based on triglycerides of modified structure and process for their preparation | |
EP1848787A1 (de) | Fl]ssige bio-brennstoffmischung sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung derselben | |
Perera et al. | Bioprocess development for biolubricant production using non-edible oils, agro-industrial byproducts and wastes | |
DE102005037989A1 (de) | Verfahren zur chemo-enzymatischen Herstellung von Fettsäureestern | |
EP2298727B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Estern kurzkettiger Alkohole aus triglyceridreichen Ölen | |
AU2008286538B2 (en) | Liquid biofuel made of esters and bound glycerides, and also process for production thereof | |
AT412280B (de) | Gereinigter fettsäurealkylester mit niedrigem schwefelgehalt und verfahren zu seiner herstellung | |
WO2010037772A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von biodiesel | |
EP1923453A1 (de) | Additive und ihre Verwendung als Löslichkeitsverbesserer in Treibstoffen | |
CN1814715A (zh) | 用于内燃机的燃料组合物 | |
Singh et al. | Process optimization for biodiesel production. | |
Ju et al. | Biodiesel from rice bran oil | |
EP2085469A1 (de) | Lipasenformulierung | |
Gurrani et al. | Sustainable bioconversion of lignocellulosics to biodiesel: pretreatment, fermentation, and technoeconomic analysis | |
Sharma et al. | A step towards Green Chemistry: Biodiesel | |
Grai | Modelling of three-component systems in biodiesel production technology | |
Saxena et al. | Production of biodiesel from various sources | |
Hlaing et al. | Enzyme Catalyzed Transesterification of Palm Oil for Biodiesel Production | |
Haas et al. | Alternate feedstocks and technologies for biodiesel production | |
MIESIAC et al. | Biodiesel—Technological Aspects and Environmental Consequences |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20070711 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU |
|
R17D | Deferred search report published (corrected) |
Effective date: 20080228 |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT DE ES FR GB |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20100302 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20131031 |