EP1805395B1 - Verfahren zum setzen von gesteinsankern - Google Patents

Verfahren zum setzen von gesteinsankern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1805395B1
EP1805395B1 EP05810675A EP05810675A EP1805395B1 EP 1805395 B1 EP1805395 B1 EP 1805395B1 EP 05810675 A EP05810675 A EP 05810675A EP 05810675 A EP05810675 A EP 05810675A EP 1805395 B1 EP1805395 B1 EP 1805395B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
plastic
inner channel
time
drill
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05810675A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1805395A1 (de
Inventor
Archibald Richter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Minova International Ltd
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Minova International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minova International Ltd filed Critical Minova International Ltd
Priority to PL05810675T priority Critical patent/PL1805395T3/pl
Publication of EP1805395A1 publication Critical patent/EP1805395A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1805395B1 publication Critical patent/EP1805395B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for setting rock anchors, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a drilling injection anchor which is designed as a boring bar with a central inner channel, driven into the mountains to be armed.
  • the rinsing is carried out with a liquid through which the borehole is widened.
  • the injection of a viscous cement mixture After reaching the intended drilling length is through the inner channel of the drill rod, the injection of a viscous cement mixture, which fills the hole and hardens to a Betonkem, in which the boring bar remains.
  • This method is especially intended for soft and sandy rocks.
  • harder rock as it is found in particular when upgrading the track in underground mining or tunneling, mainly hardening plastics are shipped instead of concrete These hardening plastic are entered after drilling the borehole and pulling out the drill rod by a lance into the hole; then the lance is pulled out of the hole and a rock bolt driven into the well, which is then connected by the hardening plastic with the surrounding rock solid and sustainable.
  • thermosetting plastic leads to contamination of the drill and the environment and wasted in uneconomical ways larger amounts of this plastic become.
  • Suitable hardening plastics and hardening plastics are eg in the DE 103 15 610 B4 .
  • An essential advantage of the invention is that it permits the substantially automatic filling of the borehole, wherein the borehole is substantially completely filled from the tip of the boring bar or rock bolt to the mouth of the borehole and the boring bar or rock bolt is completely filled with the borehole hardened plastic is sheathed. This is sufficient for a substantial safety requirement of mining and tunneling.
  • the curing time H of the plastic is determined by the choice of the hardenable plastic and the hardening plastic and optionally other components and by the mixing ratio of the components, but also by the temperature of the environment, the quantitative main components and the rock.
  • the delivery time F is given as the time required to completely backfill the flow path of the cure mixture. That is, the curing of the thermosetting plastic takes place only after mixing with the curable and the curing plastic.
  • the flow path is therefore the distance between the mixing point and the mouth (outlet) of the borehole. If the mixture of the two components is carried out by a static mixer, the mixing point is at this static mixer.
  • the flow path then includes the further inner channel up to its exit on the outer circumference of the drill, generally up to the drill bit.
  • the flow path further comprises the drill hole surrounding the anchor rod.
  • the delivery time is therefore such that, taking into account the delivery characteristics of the pumps, in particular the pressure dependence of the delivery characteristics sufficient, and the volume of the inner channel and the volume of the anchor rod surrounding wellbore fills.
  • This method has, in addition to the other advantages, the advantage that the drill bit to be used for hard rock, which is expensive, can be used several times.
  • Claim 2 ensures that the hardening mixture does not form any cavities in the borehole and comes into intimate contact with the wall of the boring bar and the wall of the borehole. This measure can be done in addition to the usual during drilling water flushing of the borehole and has the advantage that even water residues are blown out of the well and dried.
  • the drill rod may be provided at its tip with a drill bit, the cutting blades bypass a hole diameter which is greater than the outer diameter of the drill rod.
  • the curing of the curable plastic component means an increase in viscosity beyond the viscous and pasty area.
  • the aim is a viscosity of the curable component of at least 100,000 pa x sec, so that the compound of the plastic mass against the borehole and against the boring bar is so strong that the Borehole at the usual operational loads associated with the drilling operation and the injection of the plastic mass, can no longer be pulled out of the well or rotated in the borehole. It is thus possible, the drill chuck, in which the boring bar is clamped for the purpose of drilling, and / or the injection head (adapter for connecting the plastic leads to the inner channel of the anchor rod / boring bar) without the aid of a holding the boring bar holding device, retaining claw of the Loosen the drill rod, z. B. by backward rotation of the drill chuck (claim 5 and 6).
  • the plastics after merging and mixing in a very rapid chemical reaction to a - so called here - pasty mass crosslink. This is done by admixing suitable substances, e.g. Amines.
  • suitable substances e.g. Amines.
  • the handling is facilitated and the reliability increased by the fact that after the merging and mixing of the components and before the onset of leading to curing chemical reaction increased viscosity (greater than 500 pa sec, preferably greater than 1000 pa sec) is reached.
  • This pre-reaction is caused by mixing in a small amount of substances with suitable tixotropic properties, e.g. Substances from the group of amines.
  • the development according to claim 8 is used. This prevents that not fully cured plastic material from the inner channel of the drill rod expires after the release of the drill chuck or after loosening the plastic feed channel or dripping or swelled out.
  • the pumping characteristics of the pumps through which the hardenable material must flow must be determined Component and the curing component is supplied to the inner channel of the boring bar, to be considered.
  • pumps are selected whose delivery rate per unit time is not dependent on the backpressure.
  • piston pumps and of these in particular radial piston pumps are suitable.
  • pumps with a pressure-dependent delivery characteristic to convey the curable plastic and / or the hardening plastic.
  • Such pumps e.g. Gear pumps have the advantage of their simple design.
  • the pressure-dependent delivery characteristic has the advantage that pressure peaks are avoided.
  • the pressure dependence in the case of the internal reflux of the excess flow rates also leads to heating; Therefore, the Aushärt characterizing and in particular the curing time must be adjusted accordingly.
  • the conveying time F by hand or by means of an adjustable clock.
  • the aim is that the curing time and thus the filling time is less than one minute.
  • the vote of filling time and curing time can be done by experiment, although the delivery characteristics of the pump and the filling volume V of the inner channel and the borehole surrounding borehole is at least roughly considered.
  • the algorithm to be followed for the coordination of filling time and curing time results from claim 11.
  • Claim 12 ensures the reliable connection of the plastic leads to the inner channel of the anchor rod / drill rod and avoids unnecessary assembly and adjustment that serve this purpose.
  • an injection head - referred to in this application also adapter, the one side of the plastic line, on the other hand, but also serves as a tool for connecting the inner channel of the anchor rod with the plastic pumps.
  • Claim 13 serves the purpose of avoiding mixing of the components at the wrong time, that is to say in particular before the intended mixing point and static mixer, and thus premature curing of the plastics and contamination of the pipe systems by cured plastics.
  • claim 14 serves a similar purpose and at the same time ensures the effective cleaning of points of the supply system to which the plastic deposit are disturbing.
  • the drill rod 1 with a drill bit 2 is through the chuck 3 in a
  • the drill rod consists of several - here two pieces - which can be assembled by screwing in a nut 6 to a predetermined length.
  • the drill rods are provided on its outer circumference with a thread which fits into a corresponding thread of the cap nut 6. This thread also serves the purpose of allowing a good connection of the drill rod 1 with the plastic to be filled into the borehole.
  • the drill bit 2 is occupied with 7 clips. These drill holes 7 cover a borehole cross section with a diameter D 1 .
  • This diameter D 1 is greater than the outer diameter D A of the drill rod 1 and, of course, larger than the inner diameter of the thread D I.
  • the boring bars 1 and the sections of the boring bar are penetrated centrally by an inner channel 8, which in the drill bit 2 opens into a collecting space 9 and in exit channels 10.
  • the inner channel can through the chuck 3 via suitable adapter first with water or air as a rinse and then preferably also on the chuck, but also on any other suitable connector, which, for example, based on Fig. 4 be loaded with a hardenable plastic compound and a hardening plastic.
  • the injection head / adapter 11 which can be placed on the front side of the connector, here chuck, and the inner channels 12 and 13 has.
  • the inner channel 12 is connected via hose 27 and feed pump 14 with a reservoir 15 for a curable plastic material.
  • the inner channel 13 is substantially smaller in its width than the inner channel 12; its cross-sectional area is about 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the inner channel 12.
  • the inner channel 13 is connected via tubing 25 and a feed pump 16 with a storage container 17 for the curing plastic composition. Since the curable synthetic material and the hardening plastic compound are mixed in a ratio of 10: 1 or less (up to 1: 1, see above), the delivery pump 16 is correspondingly smaller.
  • the inner channels are brought together in the connecting piece / drill chuck 3 in a collecting chamber 18, which then corresponds to the inner channel 8 of the drill rod.
  • Fig. 1 It is shown that the first segment of the drill rod at the entrance of its inner channel 8 has a static mixer 20. Such a mixer may also be at the beginning of each segment. If the static mixer is designed as an insertable component, it is sufficient if such a static mixer 20 is inserted into the inner channel 8 of the last boring bar 1 to be introduced.
  • an insert member 21 is shown in which in addition to the static mixer 20 and a check valve / ball valve 22 is integrated. The insert member 21 may in the inner channel 8 of the last introduced boring bar before drilling z. B. be screwed with thread.
  • the boring bar 1 For boring the boring bar 1, initially only one boring bar element is inserted into the drill chuck.
  • the drill chuck turns in the direction of rotation 5 added.
  • a feed force 4 exerted on the drill rod As a result, a borehole is introduced into the mountains with the diameter D1 of the drill bit or the cutting blades 7 on the drill bit.
  • the cap nut 6 is screwed onto the free end and screwed into this another segment of the drill rod 1, in which it - is supplied from behind through the chuck - in a manner not shown , In this case, the well can be rinsed in a manner not shown by water, which is supplied through the inner channel of the drill rod.
  • the drilling process is terminated. It is now the collection chamber 18 of the borehole - in a manner not shown - applied through the inner channel 8 of the boring bar with air and thereby rinsed the cuttings from the well and cleaned the well and dried. Subsequently, the filling of the borehole is carried out with a curable plastic, which is previously mixed with a hardening plastic.
  • the filling is carried out by the pumps 14 and 16.
  • These are, for. B. to radial piston pumps, which can deliver a pressure-independent flow rate per unit time. However, it may also be gear pumps, since the high viscosities of the promotional plastics is not to be expected inadmissible losses and the funding law is therefore sufficiently accurately determinable.
  • the flow rate is set by appropriate default and speeds of the drive motors 24 and 26 of the pump now so that, taking into account the delivery characteristics and the delivery law, the filling quantity of thermosetting plastic and curing plastic is promoted exactly in those delivery time, which corresponds to the curing time.
  • the curing time of the plastic can be determined on the one hand by the selection of the plastic components, on the other hand also by the mixing ratio and by the temperature.
  • the Temperature can be z. B. be assumed at 30 ° C.
  • the hardness of the plastic in the curing time is determined by practical considerations. In particular, the plastic should not emerge by itself from the mouth of the borehole, but at best appear as pasty mass in the mouth of the borehole. It is also beneficial for the speed of the overall drilling and backfilling process when the plastic at the mouth of the wellbore has hardened to such an extent that the chuck can be separated from the drillstring without having to hold the drill rod with special tools or from falling out to prevent from the borehole.
  • a viscosity of 100,000 pa sec. May be sufficient, but is preferably also exceeded.
  • the check valve 22 is provided which opens in the direction of backfilling and in the opposite direction prevents the registered plastic mixture to flow out of the inner channel again.
  • the connector / chuck can be rinsed with one of the plastic components or with water.
  • the corresponding devices are not shown.
  • Fig.2 schematically is a delivery diagram of the subsidized plastic components, ie in particular the curable plastic component and the curing plastic component and possibly the other admixed substances shown. Shown is the course of the flow rate per unit time over time and above the corresponding pressure profile in the collection chamber 18 or at another point. The delivery depends on the one hand on the speed curve of the drive motors of the pump. In addition, in some types of pumps with the Pressure dependence of the flow rate can be calculated. Ideal would be a constant delivery characteristic, as they have eg radial piston pumps. The aim is in any case, that the pumps start in a steady state, to avoid pressure surges.
  • the inventive method can therefore also be carried out when the curable and the curing plastic during the delivery time F with a variable flow rate according to predetermined course of delivery per unit time, in particular with delayed increasing flow rate are promoted at the beginning of the funding period or if the curable and the curing Plastic are promoted during the delivery time F with a pressure-dependent according to a predetermined law flow rate per unit time.
  • a variable flow rate according to predetermined course of delivery per unit time, in particular with delayed increasing flow rate are promoted at the beginning of the funding period or if the curable and the curing Plastic are promoted during the delivery time F with a pressure-dependent according to a predetermined law flow rate per unit time.
  • the total delivery time is calculated so that the capacity in this Delivery time - in the diagram is the shaded area below the flow rates - curve - the volume of the inner channel and borehole - as described above - corresponds and that this conveying time corresponds to the curing time.
  • FIG. 3 distinguished by the following:
  • a connector 3 This consists - as the minor figure too Fig. 4 shows, from two half-shells 31, 32. These have on their length in each case a semicircular recess 33,34. These recesses complement each other in the closed state of the half shells in the arrow direction to a circular cylindrical inner channel with changing diameters. The diameters are designed so that the inner channel in the closed state - like Figure 4 shows - a positive fixing of the connector on one side causes the injection head 11 and on the other side of the anchor rod / boring bar 1.
  • the injection head therefore has a bead 35, which fits into a corresponding diameter extension of the inner channel 33,34.
  • the inner channel has a coarse internal thread, which corresponds to the external thread of the anchor rod / boring bar 1.
  • the gap 18 between the end of the injection head 11 and the end of the anchor rod / drill rod 1 is bridged by means of an annular seal 30 and radially sealed.
  • the static mixer 20 is also here at the beginning of the anchor rod / drill rod 1.
  • the static mixer is in the connecting piece 3 with the half-shells 31,32.
  • the mixing elements 20 are also here in an insert component / mixer housing 21, which is designed as a circular cylindrical tube. Externally, this tube has at its beginning a bead 36, which in the closed state in the arrow direction of the half-shells 31,32 by an entsrechenden recess of the inner channel of the half-shells 31,32 positively enclosed and axially and radially fixed.
  • the inner channel of the half-shells 31,32 encloses the tube of the mixer housing tight fitting.
  • the mixer housing 21 is made of plastic and only by the tight contact with the walls of the firmly pressed half shells is sufficiently pressure resistant.
  • the mixer housing is also positively supported at its outflow end in the axial direction in order to prevent that a mixer housing made of plastic ruptures or tears axially.
  • This axial fixing is done in the example shown by support on the end face of the facing end of the anchor rod / drill rod 1, which in turn - as stated - is fixed in the half-shells of the connector. That too Fig. 1 and 3 illustrated and described check valve is not shown here, but would also be used here with corresponding advantage.
  • the half-shells are moved apart (against the arrow direction), so that the anchor rod / drill rod and the injection head are released.
  • the static mixer which - as described - is designed as a unit - be ejected because it is still filled with the thermosetting plastic mixture. If necessary, the injection head and / or connector 3 are cleaned and then a new assembly inserted as a mixer before the attachment to another anchor rod / drill rod and their filling begins.
  • the switch 29 is again actuated in the sense of synchronous and abrupt blocking of the check valves 38,39. It is thereby ensured that after blocking on the exit surface 37 on the mixer 20 facing end face none of the components more leak and can lead to contamination. In addition, however, it is provided that the exit surface is cleaned after opening the half-shells 31,32 with a pressurized water jet. In any case, the exit surface is 37 even and without projections or depressions designed so that it can be easily and effectively cleaned.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
EP05810675A 2004-10-21 2005-10-21 Verfahren zum setzen von gesteinsankern Active EP1805395B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL05810675T PL1805395T3 (pl) 2004-10-21 2005-10-21 Sposób osadzania kotwic skalnych

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004051498 2004-10-21
PCT/DE2005/001880 WO2006042530A1 (de) 2004-10-21 2005-10-21 Verfahren zum setzen von gesteinsankern

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1805395A1 EP1805395A1 (de) 2007-07-11
EP1805395B1 true EP1805395B1 (de) 2010-09-08

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05810675A Active EP1805395B1 (de) 2004-10-21 2005-10-21 Verfahren zum setzen von gesteinsankern

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20070264088A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1805395B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101048574B (zh)
AT (1) ATE480695T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2005297473B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2584378C (zh)
DE (2) DE102005050929B4 (zh)
PL (1) PL1805395T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2376474C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2006042530A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200702994B (zh)

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DE10234255B4 (de) * 2002-06-27 2010-07-01 Friedr. Ischebeck Gmbh Verwendung von Bohr-Injektionsankern als flächentragende Armierung eines Vortriebs-Gewölbeschirmes
US20040161316A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-08-19 F.M. Locotos Co., Inc. Tubular mining bolt and method
SE526132C2 (sv) * 2003-11-13 2005-07-12 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Förfarande och anordning för installering av en självborrande expanderbar bergbult och en självborrande expanderbar bergbult
SE527424C2 (sv) * 2004-07-08 2006-02-28 Atlas Copco Rocktech Ab Anordning och förfarande vid injektering och fastsättning av armerings- och/eller förankringselement i bergvägg

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DE102005050929B4 (de) 2009-06-04
DE102005050929A1 (de) 2006-04-27
US20070264088A1 (en) 2007-11-15
WO2006042530A1 (de) 2006-04-27
CN101048574B (zh) 2011-11-02
DE502005010239D1 (de) 2010-10-21
PL1805395T3 (pl) 2011-03-31
RU2007118695A (ru) 2008-11-27
CA2584378C (en) 2014-09-09
AU2005297473A1 (en) 2006-04-27
EP1805395A1 (de) 2007-07-11
ATE480695T1 (de) 2010-09-15
ZA200702994B (en) 2008-08-27
RU2376474C2 (ru) 2009-12-20
AU2005297473B2 (en) 2011-05-12
CN101048574A (zh) 2007-10-03
CA2584378A1 (en) 2006-04-27

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