Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
  • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
  • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
  • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
  • F04B39/121—Casings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a reciprocating compressor, in particular a reciprocating compressor for generating compressed air, which comprises at least one piston connected to a roller bearing with a crankshaft connected to a roller bearing which carries out a lifting movement in an associated cylinder and the compression of a connection unit integrated in the cylinder head
• Intake air causes, via an inlet valve due to a generated by the piston movement negative pressure in the crankcase cooling air from the intake into the crankcase and escapes due to the overpressure generated in the crankcase via an exhaust valve from the crankcase and thus an internal cooling air flow in the crankcase can be generated ,
• Such reciprocating compressors are usually used wherever compressed air is needed, but the compressed air generating unit must be space-saving and thus small-scale and thereby has high power densities, which such
• Piston compressors are mainly used in commercial vehicles or rail vehicles.
• the compressed air generated by the piston compressor is increasingly used in addition to the operation of the brake system for the operation of the air suspension system.
• Because of the associated large compressed air demand with high system pressures here are mostly multi-stage reciprocating compressors.
• the high pressures required by the air suspension within short intervals of time can be generated with such reciprocating compressors.
• Oil lubricated reciprocating compressors were used, especially in the past in commercial vehicles, oil-free compressor concepts could not prevail because due to the high component temperatures resulting from the high power density in the smallest space, the necessary component life could not be achieved.
• Novel compressor concepts based on reciprocating compressors allow oil-free operation if they are provided with a cooling air flow rate. The oil-free operating mode was developed especially for maintenance and environmental reasons.
• the prior art shows various concepts wherein active cooling components such as fan means are used for heat dissipation.
• the DD 238 645 Al discloses a solution in which the air moved by a fan air flows through both the compressor unit and the drive motor.
• a disadvantage of this variant is in addition to the noise of the contaminated outdoor air, which is passed through the crankcase, which can be deposited impurities and can also form accumulations of water in the crankcase due to the pressure changes.
• an external filter system and possibly a Wasserabscheidesystem is required, which, however, increases the maintenance and service intervals shortened.
• DE 101 38 070 C2 shows a reciprocating compressor in which the periodic pressure fluctuation generated in the crankcase by the lifting movement of the working piston is made available via a pair of valves in order to generate a cooling air flow in the crankcase.
• an inlet valve opens when the piston performs the lifting movement in the direction of the cylinder head and increases the volume of the crankcase, because the resulting negative pressure air flows through the inlet valve into the crankcase.
• the downward movement creates an overpressure in the crankcase and arranged away from the inlet valve outlet opens öfmet.
• the possibility is further used to remove the cooling air of the intake to make even for the cooling air flow of the crankcase already purified air available.
• the intake air is freed of impurities by upstream cleaning agents, which occupies an essential position especially in commercial vehicle construction, since the operating environment is usually heavily polluted.
• upstream cleaning agents which occupies an essential position especially in commercial vehicle construction, since the operating environment is usually heavily polluted.
• the dew point of the water vapor contained in the air can be reached, which causes a condensation of the water vapor and thus water formation in the system.
• isolated water separators may be upstream of the compressor means. In a tap of the cooling air from the intake pipe with an addition to the filter system upstream water separator is also ensured that when flowing through the filtered and dried cooling air through the crankcase there can form no amounts of water that would cause considerable damage, in particular to the bearings.
• crankcase ventilation for an oil-free piston compressor which conveys a clean cooling air into the crankcase for cooling of thermally beasteten components in the crankcase, in particular of rolling bearings, and which has a low temperature when entering the crankcase ,
• the invention includes the technical teaching that the diversion of the cooling air from the intake pipe itself or in the cylinder head is arranged and the cooling air via at least one outside of the cylinder passing pipe connection between the cylinder head and the crankcase is adopted to prevent heating of the cooling air ,
• This solution has the advantage of not exposing the cooling air to the heat generated in the area of the connection unit, but to branch off the intake line away from this heat source and lead directly into the crankcase.
• the previously known solution which initially leads the cooling air through channels on the lateral surface of the cylinder, causes a heating of the cooling air, even before it reaches the crankcase.
• the cooling of the cylinder and the cylinder head can be done in the inventive solution by a second, separate cooling air flow, so that cooling of these components must not be waived. Thus, a heating of the cooling air taking place before entering the crankcase can be easily avoided.
• the pipe connection is arranged on the outside of the housing and passes the cooling air to the components with the highest temperatures, such as cylinder and cylinder head.
• the temperature of the cooling air can also be further reduced via a heat dissipation based on convection via the pipe surface, before it enters the crankcase.
• Another measure improving the invention provides that the guided over the at least one pipe joint cooling air at a point in the crankcase is introduced, in the vicinity of the thermally loaded components such as the rolling bearings are arranged in the crankcase and the cooling air flows through the crankcase (2) diagonally to achieve maximum cooling effect. Due to the variable design of the pipe connection, it is possible to choose the entry point of the cooling air into the crankcase so that the components to be cooled are located directly in the cooling air flow. This advantage can be applied precisely in the case of the roller bearings, which are arranged fixedly in the crankcase, such as the crankshaft bearing in the crankcase, in that the cooling air flows directly against the roller bearings and cools them.
• connection for the cooling air between the cylinder head and the crankcase consists of at least two individually arranged and mutually parallel pipe connections to increase the available pipe surface for cooling.
• the advantage of the arrangement of at least two pipe connections is in addition to the enlarged surface for convection cooling also the possibility to arrange the pipe connections so symmetrical that the entry points of the cooling air supply both the engine side and the end arranged in the crankcase bearings of the crankshaft with cooling air directly.
• the cooling air is guided from a cooling air chamber in the cylinder head into the pipe joint, wherein the cooling air chamber is filled via the inlet valve with cooling air and distributes it to the pipe joints. In general, it is sufficient if two pipe connections are provided.
• An advantage of a lamella valve is the low design complexity and high reliability. Due to the small footprint and the flat design of a
• Lamellar valve can be optimally integrated in the cooling air chamber of the cylinder head or in the valve plate, adjacent to the main inlet valve of the compressor.
• Lamellar valve can be optimally integrated in the cooling air chamber of the cylinder head or in the valve plate, adjacent to the main inlet valve of the compressor.
• a diversion of the cooling air outside of the cylinder head or the valve plate also provides another solution, but in addition a branch element in the intake manifold is required and the inlet valve must be located at the cooling air inlet of the crankcase.
• this solution would be useful only in the application of a pipe connection, as in a cooling air flow over several pipes according to the number of pipe connections and multiple inlet valves would be required.
• a screw means of the crankcase, cylinder and cylinder head consists of at least one tie rod passing through the pipe joint or a screwing means of the crankcase
• Cylinder and cylinder head consists of the pipe connection. With both measures, the number of items can be reduced by the pipe connection in addition to the cooling air flow also fulfills the mechanical function of the screw.
• a separate screw connection of the crankcase, cylinder and cylinder head can be omitted and the pipe connections are clamped mechanically with the tie rods, with the bracing additionally a sealing effect between the pipe joint and the crankcase or the cylinder head can be achieved because the pipe connection is pressure-loaded by the tension in the longitudinal direction.
• this is mechanically clamped such that both the mechanical tensile forces are absorbed and the function of the cooling air guide can be adopted and thus the number of individual parts can be reduced.
• the transition from the pipe joint to the crankcase and the cylinder head has at least one sealing element in order to avoid leaks.
• This sealing element can be made of a plastic-based O-ring consist of or be made of a comparable sealing element such as a brass sealing ring, as this is given a higher thermal stability and improved aging resistance.
• Reciprocating compressor is that the cooling air passes before entering the pipe connection via at least one flow channel within the cylinder head and / or the cylinder and causes cooling, the temperature of the cooling air in the subsequent flow through the pipe connection in particular by an active cooling unit or based on convection cooling again is reducible and that the pipe connection on the
• Cooling by active cooling media is also applicable, but they require additional design effort.
• the reciprocating compressor 1 shown in the figure consists of a crankcase 2, a cylinder 3 and a cylinder head 4, which is composed of a valve plate 5 and a connection unit 6.
• a piston 7 carries out a lifting movement, which is generated via a crankshaft 8 and a connecting rod 9 arranged as a connection.
• the air located in the cylinder 3 is drawn by the downward movement of the piston 7 in the cylinder 3 and compressed during the upward movement of the piston 7.
• the terminal unit 6 has a main inlet valve and a main outlet valve in addition to a suction line 11 and an outlet line 12, wherein the main inlet valve is in the open position during the downward movement of the piston 7 and air from the intake pipe 11 moves into the cylinder 3 and closes during the upward movement.
• the main exhaust valve is during the downward movement of the piston 7 in the closed position, and opens in the upward movement of the piston 7, whereby the thus compressed air is led out of the cylinder 3 via the output line 12 and an external consumer feeds.
• the cylinder 3 is detachably connected via a screw 18 with the crankcase 2.
• the crankshaft 8 is rotatably supported by rolling bearings 10 in the crankcase 2, wherein the connecting rod 9 is also rotatably mounted on roller bearings 10 'on the cranked portion of the crankshaft 8.
• Crankcase 2 is made.
• the cooling air thus flows through the pipe joint 15 in the Crankcase 2, without being warm to the high temperature components such as cylinder 3 or cylinder head 4.
• sealing elements 17 are arranged such that they seal the transitions of the pipe joint 15 to valve plate 5 and crankcase 2 and prevent an air side stream and thus the ingress of impurities.
• cooling air thus flows directly into the crankcase and relinquishes it via the outlet valve 14 when the piston 7 in the cylinder 3 performs a downward movement and thus causes an overpressure in the crankcase 2.
• the rolling bearings 10 in the crankcase 2 are cooled directly by the incoming cooling air, wherein the cooling air is introduced in a manner not shown here with two symmetrically arranged pipe joints 15 in such a way in the crankcase 2, that the rolling bearings 10 are directly flowed with cooling air.
• the roller bearing 10 'between the crankshaft 8 and the connecting rod 9 also undergoes cooling through contact with the cooling air in the crankcase 2.
• the exhaust valve 14 is disposed on the bottom side of the crankcase 2 to remove any impurities and water accumulations from the crankcase 2 and to minimize the burden of external contamination due to the bottom-side arrangement.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Compressor (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2004
  • 2004-09-02 DE DE102004042944A patent/DE102004042944B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-08-31 CN CNB2005800295806A patent/CN100501160C/zh active Active
  • 2005-08-31 AT AT05778871T patent/ATE438036T1/de active
  • 2005-08-31 BR BRPI0514877-4A patent/BRPI0514877B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-08-31 MX MX2007002495A patent/MX2007002495A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-08-31 US US11/574,529 patent/US8308447B2/en active Active
  • 2005-08-31 RU RU2007111955/06A patent/RU2362051C2/ru active
  • 2005-08-31 DE DE502005007800T patent/DE502005007800D1/de active Active
  • 2005-08-31 CA CA002578843A patent/CA2578843A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-08-31 EP EP05778871A patent/EP1789681B1/fr active Active
  • 2005-08-31 WO PCT/EP2005/009367 patent/WO2006024510A1/fr active Application Filing
• 2008
  • 2008-01-21 HK HK08100737.0A patent/HK1110374A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

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