Classifications

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  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
  • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
  • H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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  • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
  • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
  • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
  • H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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  • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
  • C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
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  • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
  • C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
  • C09K2211/188—Metal complexes of other metals not provided for in one of the previous groups
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
  • H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
  • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers

Definitions

• Transition metal carbene complexes embedded in polymer matrices for use in OLEDs are Transition metal carbene complexes embedded in polymer matrices for use in OLEDs
• the present invention relates to the use of polymeric materials enthal ⁇ tend at least one transition metal carbene complex in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), polymeric materials containing at least one selected Koch ⁇ gangsmetallcarbenkomplex, a method for producing the polymeric materials of the invention, a light-emitting layer containing at least one he An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) containing the light-emitting layer according to the invention or devices containing the organic light-emitting diode according to the invention.
• OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
• OLEDs organic light emitting diodes
• the property of materials is used to emit light when excited by electric current.
• OLEDs are of particular interest as an alternative to cathode ray tubes and liquid crystal displays for the production of flat screens. Due to the very compact construc- tion and the intrinsically low power consumption suitable devices contained "tend OLEDs especially for mobile applications, for example for applications in cellphones, laptops, etc.
• triplet emitters used according to the prior art are generally organometallic complexes.
• the organometallic complexes are usually applied by vapor deposition of the organometallic complexes in vacuo.
• a vapor deposition method is not optimally suitable for the mass production of OLEDs and is subject to restrictions with regard to the production of devices with large-area displays.
• Forming a light-emitting layer in the form of a film can be applied from solution, for example by inkjet printing, spin coating or dipping, which makes it possible to manufacture large-area displays easily and inexpensively.
• the Aufbrin- B03 / 0776PC Movement of the light-emitting layer in the form of a film is also interesting for the production of full-color displays (RG B displays).
• emitter materials in OLEDs are therefore polymeric materials which contain triplet emitters.
• WO 03/080687 relates to polymer compounds having a polymer backbone to which a metal complex is attached via a spacer. With the aid of these polymer compounds, white luminescent material can be provided and luminescence in a desired color can be made possible.
• the polymer compounds are therefore used in OLEDs.
• the metal complexes used are metal complexes of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd. These have as ligands preferably cyclic nitrogen-containing ligands, as well as an acetylacetonato ligand via which a linkage to the polymer main chain takes place.
• DE-A 101 09 027 relates to rhodium and iridium complexes which are functionalized with halogen. These rhodium and iridium complexes are phosphorescent emitters. Due to their halogen function, the complexes can be further functionalized or used as (co) monomers in the preparation of corresponding polymers. For example, the functionalized complexes can be polymerized into polyfluorenes, polyspirobifluorenes, poly-para-phenylenes, polycarbazoles or polythiophenes.
• EP-A 1 245 659 relates to polymeric light-emitting substances which have a polystyrene having a number-average molecular weight of from 10 3 to 10 8 , which contains a metal complex in the main chain or in the side chain, the light emission from an excited triplet state shows.
• the use of transition metal carbene complexes is not mentioned.
• the object of the present application is therefore to provide polymeric materials which contain triplet emitters and are suitable as light-emitting layers in OLEDs, it being possible to apply the materials from solution.
• the materials are intended to be suitable for electroluminescence in the blue, red and green regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, making it possible to produce full-color displays.
• M 1 metal atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Rh, Ir, Nb 1 Pd,
• carbene carbene ligand which may be neutral or monoanionic and mono-, bi- or tridentate; the carbene ligand may also be a bis- or
• L mono- or dianionic ligand, preferably monoanionic ligand, which may be mono- or bidentate;
• n number of carbene ligands where n is at least 1 and the carbene ligands in the complex of formula I may be the same or different at n> 1;
• n 0 or ⁇ 1 and the ligands L can be the same or different at m> 1;
• o number of ligands K where o can be 0 or> 1 and the ligands K can be the same or different at o> 1;
• n + m + o depends on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom used and on the denticity of the ligands carbene, L and K as well as on the charge of the ligands carbene and L, with the proviso that n is at least 1 is;
• the at least one polymer is not poly (N-vinylcarbazole) or polysilane;
• a bidentate ligand is to be understood as meaning a ligand which is coordinated in two places to the transition metal atom M 1 .
• the term “bidentate” is used synonymously with the term “bidentate”.
• a monodentate ligand is to be understood as meaning a ligand which coordinates at one point of the ligand with the transition metal atom M 1 .
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention can be used as emitter material, it being possible to vary the ligand skeleton, central metal or polymer for adapting to desired properties of the polymeric materials.
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention are preferably used as emitter material in OLEDs.
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for use as a light-emitting layer in OLEDs. They can be applied from solution, for example by inkjet printing, spin coating or dipping, so that large-area displays can be produced simply and cost-effectively with the polymeric materials used according to the invention. These po ⁇ lymeren materials used in the invention are also for the production of full color displays (RGB displays) of interest.
• RGB displays full color displays
• polymeric materials are understood as meaning both mixtures containing at least one transition metal complex of the formula I and at least one polymer and at least one polymer which is covalently linked to at least one transition metal complex of the formula I. If the transition metal complex of the formula I is covalently linked to at least one polymer, then at least one, preferably 1 to 3, particularly preferably 1 or 2 of the ligands L, K and / or carbene has one or more attachment sites, preferably 1 to 3 attachment sites , more preferably 1 or 2 attachment sites to the polymer.
• the attachment sites may be present on the same ligand L, K or carbene or, if the transition metal complex of formula I contains more than one ligand L, K or carbene, on different ligands L, K or carben.
• the transition metal complexes of the general formula I particularly preferably have a metal atom M 1 selected from the group consisting of Os, Rh, Ir, Ru, Pd and Pt, where Os (IV), Rh (III), Ir (I), Ir ( III), Ru (III), Ru (IV), Pd (II) and Pt (II) are preferable.
• Particularly preferably used metal atoms are Ru, Rh, Ir and Pt, preferably Ru (III), Ru (IV), Rh (III), Ir (I), Ir (III) and Pt (II).
• M 1 Ir or Pt preferably Ir (III) or Pt (II), particularly preferably Ir (III).
• Suitable mono- or dianionic ligands L preferably monoanionic ligands L, which may be mono- or bidentate, are the ligands commonly used as mono- or bidentate mono- or dianionic ligands.
• Suitable monoanionic monodentate ligands are, for example, halides, in particular Cl “ and Br “ , pseudohalides, in particular CN “ , cyclopentadienyl (Cp " ) where the cyclopentadienyl radicals may be substituted by alkyl substituents, preferably methyl or tert-butyl, indenyl, where the Indenyl radical may optionally be substituted by alkyl substituents, preferably methyl, alkyl radicals which are linked to the transition metal M 1 via a sigma bond, for example CH 3 , alkylaryl radicals which are linked to the transition metal M 1 via a sigma bond, for Example benzyl, alcoholates, e.g. OCH 3 " , trifluorosulfonates, carboxylates, thiolates, amides.
• Suitable monoanionic bidentate ligands are, for example, ⁇ -diketonates such as acetylacetonate and its derivatives, picolinate, amino acid anions and the bidentate monoanionic ligands mentioned in WO 02/15645, with acetylacetonate and picolinate being preferred.
• Suitable neutral mono- "or bidentate ligands K are preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphines, preferably trialkyl, triaryl or alkylamine rylphosphinen, particularly preferably PAr 3, wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstitu- FOURTH aryl group and the aryl radicals in three PAr 3 may be the same or different, more preferably PPh 3 , PEt 3 , PnBu 3 , PEt 2 Ph, PMe 2 Ph, PnBu 2 Ph, phosphonates and derivatives thereof, arsenates and derivatives thereof, phosphites, CO, pyridines, the pyridines nitriles and dienes which form a ⁇ -complex with M 1 , preferably ⁇ 4 -diphenyl-1,3-butadiene, ⁇ 4 -1,3-pentadiene, ⁇ 4 -1 -phenyl -1, 3-pentadiene, ⁇ 4 -1,
• neutral monodentate ligands are selected from the group consisting of PPh 3 , P (OPh) 3 , AsPh 3 , CO, pyridine and nitriles.
• Suitable neutral bidentate ligands are particularly preferably ⁇ 4 -1, 4-diphenyl-1, 3-butadiene, ⁇ 4 -1-phenyl-1, 3-pentadiene, ⁇ 4 -2,4-hexadiene, ⁇ 4 -cyclooctadiene and ⁇ 2 cyclooctadiene (1, 3 and 1, 5 each).
• cis / trans isomers are possible if they are complexes of the general composition MA 2 B 2 .
• the symbols A and B are each a binding site of a ligand, whereby not only monodentate but also bidentate ligands can be present.
• An asymmetric bidentate ligand has a group A and a group B according to the general composition mentioned above.
• cis isomerism means that in complexes of the composition MA 2 B 4, the two groups A occupy adjacent corners of an octahedron, while the two groups A occupy opposite corners of an octahedron in trans-isomerism.
• three groups of the same type can occupy either the corners of an octahedral surface (facial isomer) or a meridian, that is to say two of the three ligand binding sites are translocated to one another (meridional isomer).
• cis isomerism means that complexes of the composition MA 2 B 2 occupy both the two groups A and the two groups B adjacent corners of a square, while both the groups A and the two Groups B in trans-isomerism each occupy the two einan ⁇ the diagonally opposite corners of a square.
• cis / trans isomers in square planar metal complexes see for example J. Huheey, E. Keiter, R, Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 2nd, revised edition, translated and extended by Ralf Stendel, Berlin; New York: de Gruyter, 1995, pages 557 to 559.
• the number n of the carbene ligands in transition metal complexes in which the transition metal atom is Ir (III) having a coordination number of 6 is 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, particularly preferably 3. If n> 1, the carbene ligands may be the same or different.
• the number n of carbene ligands in transition metal complexes in which the transition metal atom Pt (II) with a coordination number of 4 is 1 or 2, preferably 2. If n> 1, the carbene ligands may be identical or different.
• the number m of the monoanionic ligands L in the abovementioned case is 0 to 2, preferably 0 to 1, particularly preferably 0. If m> 1, the ligands L may be identical or different, preferably they are identical.
• the number o of the neutral ligands K depends on whether the coordination number 6 of the Ir (III) or 4 of the Pt (II) has already been reached with the help of the carbene ligands and the ligands L. If, in the case where Ir (III) is used, n is three and three monoanionic bidentate carbene ligands are used, o in the abovementioned case is 0. If, in the case where Pt (II) is used, n two and two monoanionic bidentate carbene ligands are used, o in this case is also 0.
• the linking can take place via one or more of the ligands K, L and carbene.
• a linkage takes place via at least one carbene ligand.
• the covalent linking of at least one transition metal complex of the formula I with at least one polymer takes place via one or more suitable linking sites of the transition metal complex of the formula [with one or more attachment sites of the polymer. It is known to the person skilled in the art that it is possible in the below-mentioned embodiments for not 100% of the linkage sites present on the at least one transition metal complex of the formula I to react with 100% of the linkage sites present on the polymer, eg if the reaction is incomplete.
• the below-mentioned embodiments of the transition metal complexes of the formula I covalently linked to a polymer also include those embodiments which optionally have linkage sites unreacted both on the polymer and on the transition metal complex or on either the polymer or the transition metal complex ,
• the idealized case of a 100% linkage is shown, but it should be noted that generally no 100% linkage occurs, so that after a covalent linkage of the at least one transition metal complex of Formula I can be present with the polymer in which at least one transition metal complex of the formula I and / or in the polymer unreacted linking sites.
• linkage to the polymer occurs via more than one linkage site, in particular 2 or 3 linker sites, then these linkage sites can be located on the same or different ligands. Preferably, all linking sites are located on carbene ligands.
• Suitable linkage sites of the at least one polymer and of the at least one transition metal complex of the formula I are, for example, selected from the group consisting of halogen such as Br, I or Cl, alkylsulfonyloxy such as Trifluoromethansulfony- loxy, arylsulfonyloxy such as toluenesulfonyloxy, boron-containing radicals, OH, COOH, activating Carboxyl radicals such as acid halides, acid anhydrides or esters, -N ⁇ N + X " , where X 'is a halide, eg., Cl " or Br " , SH, SiR 2 11 X, where X is halogen aus ⁇ selected from F, Cl and Br, and NHR, where R and R "are hydrogen, aryl or alkyl, and the abovementioned radicals directly via a single bond to one of the ligands L, K or carbene, preferably carbene, or
• the polymeric material used in the invention contains at least one transition metal complex of the formula IA
• Do 1 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, P and S, N, O, P and S, more preferably N;
• Y 1 , Y 2 are each independently hydrogen or a carbon-containing group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl groups, preferably alkyl and aryl groups, or
• Y 1 and Y 2 together form a bridge between the donor atom Do 1 and the nitrogen atom N 1 which has at least two atoms, preferably two to three atoms, more preferably two atoms, of which at least one is a carbon atom, and the other atoms are preferably nitrogen ⁇ or carbon atoms, wherein the bridge may be saturated or unsaturated, preferably unsaturated, and the at least two atoms of the bridge may be substituted or unsubstituted; the substituents of the groups Y 1 and Y 2 may together form a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four, atoms, of which one or two atoms may be heteroatoms, preferably N, and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that Y 1 and Y 2 together with this bridge form a five- to seven-membered, preferably six-membered ring which may optionally have two - or in the case of a six- or seven-membered ring - three double bonds
• Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 and Y 4 can not simultaneously be hydrogen.
• aryl radical or group heteroaryl radical or group, alkyl radical or group and alkenyl radical or group have the following meanings:
• aryl radical or group
• Suitable backbones are, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or phenanthrenyl. This backbone may be unsubstituted (ie, all carbon atoms which are substitutable bear hydrogen atoms) or substituted at one, several or all substitutable positions of the backbone.
• Suitable substituents are, for example, alkyl radicals, preferably alkyl radicals having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly preferably methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, aryl radicals, preferably C 6 -C 22 -aryl radicals, particularly preferably C 6 -C 18 -aryl radicals, very particularly preferably C 6 -C 14 -aryl radicals, ie aryl radicals having a phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl or anthracenyl skeleton, which in turn may be substituted or unsubstituted, heteroaryl radicals, preferably heteroaryl radicals which contain at least one nitrogen atom, more preferably pyridyl radicals, alkenyl radicals Alkenyl radicals bearing one double bond, more preferably alkenyl radicals having one double bond and one to eight carbon atoms, or groups having donor or acceptor activity.
• alkyl radicals preferably alkyl radicals
• Donor-action groups are to be understood as meaning groups which have a + I and / or + M effect, and groups with acceptor action are to be understood as meaning groups having an -I and / or M effect.
• Suitable groups with donor or acceptor action are halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F, alkoxy radicals, aryloxy radicals, carbonyl radicals, ester radicals, amine radicals, amide radicals, CH 2 F groups, CHF 2 groups, CF 3 groups, CN groups, thio groups or SCN groups.
• the aryl radical or the aryl group is a C 6 -C 14 -aryl radical which is optionally substituted by at least one of the abovementioned substituents.
• the C 1 -C 4 -aryl radical particularly preferably has one or two of the abovementioned substituents, where in the case of a C 6 -aryl radical one of the substituents is located in the ortho, meto or para position relative to the further linkage site of the aryl radical and, in the case of two substituents, these may each be in meta position or ortho Position can be arranged to the further point of attachment of the aryl radical or a radical is arranged in the ortho position and a remainder in the meta position.
• a heteroaryl radical or a heteroaryl radical is to be understood as meaning radicals which differ from the abovementioned aryl radicals in that at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom in the skeleton of the aryl radicals.
• Preferred heteroatoms are N, O, and S.
• one or two carbon atoms of the backbone of the aryl radicals are replaced by heteroatoms.
• the backbone is selected from systems such as pyridyl and five-membered heteroaromatics such as pyrrole, furans.
• the backbone may be substituted at one, several or all substitutable positions of the backbone. Suitable substituents are the same as those already mentioned with respect to the aryl groups.
• alkyl radical or an alkyl group is to be understood as meaning a radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
• This alkyl radical may be branched or unbranched and may optionally be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, preferably N, O, Si or S.
• this alkyl radical may be substituted by one or more of the substituents mentioned with regard to the aryl groups. It is also possible that the alkyl radical carries one or more aryl groups. All of the aryl groups listed above are suitable.
• the alkyl radicals are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of methyl and isopropyl.
• alkenyl radical or an alkenyl group is to be understood as meaning a radical which corresponds to the abovementioned alkyl radicals having at least two carbon atoms, with the difference that at least one C-C single bond of the alkyl radical is replaced by a C-C double bond.
• the alkenyl radical preferably has one or two double bonds.
• a bridge having at least two atoms, of which at least one is a carbon atom and the other atoms are preferably nitrogen or Kohlenstoffato ⁇ me wherein the bridge may be saturated or preferably unsaturated and substituted at least two atoms of the bridge or unsubstituted may be preferred to understand the following groups:
• R 13 and R 14 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl or aryl or R 13 and R 14 together form a bridge with a total of 3 to 5, preferably 4,
• Atoms of which optionally one or two atoms may be heteroatoms, preferably N, and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that this group forms a 5- to 7-membered, preferably six-membered ring, which if appropriate - in addition to the already existing Double bond - one - or in the case of a six- or seven-membered ring - may have two further double bonds and may optionally be substituted by alkyl or aryl groups or may be fused. Preference is given to a six-membered aromatic ring. Die ⁇ ser can be substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl or aryl groups.
• one or more further aromatic rings may be fused to this, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring. Every conceivable annulation is possible.
• fused radicals may in turn be substituted, preferably with the radicals mentioned in the general definition of the aryl radicals.
• R, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl, preferably hydrogen, alkyl or aryl.
• a covalent linkage of at least one transition metal complex of the formula IA with the polymer via one or more carbene ligands can Ver ⁇ linkage one of the radicals Y 1, Y 2, Y 3 or Y 4 via at least, the at least one, preferably 1 to 3 , particularly preferably 1 or 2, has attachment sites to the polymer.
• At least one of the radicals Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 or Y 4 is preferably an aryl or heteroaryl radical which has at least one, preferably 1 to 3, particularly preferably 1 or 2, attachment sites to the polymer.
• this aryl radical may have 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, attachment sites to the polymer.
• the sites of attachment of the complex can be bound to different residues ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 3 oc j er Y ⁇ k evor2U gt ⁇ 3 oc
• he y ⁇ be present or located on the same residue thus -.
• at two linking sites - preferably each have a point of attachment to Y 3 and Y 4 in front of or both points of attachment are either Y 3 or Y 4, or one or both linking points lie on one of Y 1 and Y 2 formed aryl radical before.
• linking sites it is likewise possible for the linking sites to be present at two different carbene ligands, for example at two linking sites, for example at Y 3 or Y 4 of the respective carbene ligand or in each case at an aryl radical formed from Y 1 and Y 2 respective carbene ligands.
• the two attachment sites are present at different groups of the respective carbene ligands, for example at Y 3 of the one carbene ligand and at an aryl radical of the further carbene ligand formed from Y 1 and Y 2 .
• M 1 in the transition metal complex of the formula IA is Ir (III) or Pt (II), more preferably Ir (III).
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 11 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl or a substituent with donor or acceptor action, preferably selected from halogen radicals, prefers F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F, alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amine, amide, CH 2 F, CHF 2 , CF 3 , CN, thio and SCN groups; where in the group of the formula a one or two of the radicals R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 , in the group of the formula b one or two of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of the formula d the radical R 11 can be replaced by one or - in the groups of formulas a and b one or two - suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer ei ⁇ nem polymer; in the group of the formula b one or two of
• Formula b one or two - be substituted for covalent linkage with a polymer suitable groups
• R 10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, preferably alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl, or in each case 2 radicals R 10 together form a fused ring which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably N, preferably 2 radicals each R 10 together have a fused aromatic C 6 ring, which may be fused to this, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring optionally one or more further aromatic rings, with any conceivable annealing is possible, and the fused
• R 10 is a radical having a donor or acceptor action, preferably selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN;
• v is 0 to 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, most preferably 0, wherein when v
• Linkage with a polymer may have suitable groups.
• the at least one carbene ligand in the neutral transition metal complexes of the general formula I is a bidentate and / or monoanionic carbene ligand.
• the at least one carbene ligand is a monoanionic bidentate carbene ligand.
• the at least one carbene ligand in the transition metal complex of the formula I has the following formula (II)
• Do 1 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, P, N, O and S, preferably P, N, O and S, more preferably N;
• Do 2 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, N, P, O and S;
• X spacer selected from the group consisting of silylene, alkylene, arylene,
• Heteroarylene or alkenylene preferably alkylene or arylene, particularly preferably C r to C 3 -alkylene or C 6 -1, 4-arylene, where appropriate, at least one of the four further carbon atoms with methyl, ethyl, n-
• Propyl or i-propyl groups or with groups having a donor or acceptor action selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F, alkoxy radicals, aryloxy radicals, carbonyl, ester, amino groups, amide radicals, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN may be substituted, most preferably methylene, ethylene or 1, 4-phenylene;
• p is 0 or 1, preferably 0;
• q is 0 or 1, preferably 0;
• Y 1 , Y 2 are each independently of one another hydrogen or a carbon-containing group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl groups; preferably alkyl, heteroaryl and aryl groups; or Y 1 and Y 2 together form a bridge between the donor atom Do 1 and the nitrogen atom N, which has at least two atoms, preferably two to three atoms, more preferably two atoms, of which at least one is a carbon atom, wherein the at least one further atom be preferably a nitrogen atom, wherein the bridge may be saturated or unsaturated, preferably unsaturated, and the at least two atoms of the bridge may be substituted or unsubstituted; the substituents of the groups Y 1 and Y 2 may be a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four atoms of which one or two atoms are heteroatoms, preferably N, may be and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that
• Y 3 is a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably one
• Do 2 ' , q', s', R 3 ' , R 1' , R 2 , X 'and p' are independently the same meaning as Do 2 , q, s, R 3 , R 1 , R 2 , X and p;
• R 1 , R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radicals, preferably hydrogen, alkyl radicals, heteroaryl radicals or aryl radicals; or
• R 1 and R 2 together form a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four, atoms, of which one or two atoms are heteroatoms
• a five- to seven-membered, preferably six-membered ring which optionally - in addition to the already existing double bond - one - or in the case of a six- or seven-membered ring - may have two further Dop ⁇ pelitatien and optionally be substituted with alkyl or aryl groups may optionally contain heteroatoms, preferably N, wherein a six-membered aromatic ring substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl or aryl groups is preferred, or the preferred six-membered aromatic ring is with further rings optionally containing at least one heteroatom, preferably N , may contain NEN, preferably six-membered aromatic rings fused;
• R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical.
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 11 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, or a substituent with donor or acceptor selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, especially preferably F, alkoxy radicals, aryloxy radicals, carbonyl radicals, terrestrials, amine radicals, amide radicals, CH 2 F groups, CHF 2 groups, CF 3 groups, CN groups, thio groups and SCN groups, preferably hydrogen, alkyl, Heteroaryl or aryl; where in the group of the formula a one or two of the radicals R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 , in the group of the formula b one or two of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of the formula d the radical R 11 may be replaced by one or - in the groups of formulas a and b one or two - suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer groups
• R 10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, preferably alkyl or aryl, or in each case 2
• R 10 radicals together form a fused ring, which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably N, preferably in each case 2
• R 10 together form a fused aromatic C 6 ring, where appropriate to this, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring, if appropriate or several other aromatic rings may be fused, with any conceivable annulation being possible, and the fused radicals may in turn be substituted; or
• R 10 is a radical having a donor or acceptor effect, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F; alkoxy,
• v is from 0 to 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very particularly preferably 0, where, when v is 0, the four carbon atoms of the aryl radical in formula c, which are optionally substituted by R 10 , carry hydrogen atoms, the group of Formula c may have, on its aryl radical, in addition to optionally present radicals R 10, one or two groups suitable for covalent linking with a polymer,
• Z is CH or N, where Z is in the o, m or p position to the point of attachment of the
• Grouping can be arranged with the carbene ligand
• R 12 is an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably an alkyl or aryl radical, or in each case 2 radicals R 12 together form a fused ring which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably N, preferably each form 2 radicals R 12 together have a fused aromatic C 6 ring, wherein one or more further aromatic rings may optionally be fused to this, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring, any conceivable annulation being possible, and the fused radicals being substituted again could be; or R 12 is a radical having a donor or acceptor effect, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN;
• radicals R 12 may be the same or different, preferably t is 0 or 1, wherein the grouping in addition to possibly existing R 12 one or two for covalent linkage may have suitable groups with a polymer.
• Y 3 may be identical or different from the above-defined grouping and may have the following meanings already mentioned above: a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably a hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical or
• Do 2 , q ', s', R 3 ' , R 1' , R 2 , X 'and p' are independently the same as Do 2 , q, s, R 3 , R 1 , R 2 , X and p exhibit.
• Carbene ligands are suitable where Y is 4 , that is the group of the formula
• Y 3 represents a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably a hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical.
• both linking sites may be present on the same radical or on one of the abovementioned radicals, which is preferred. It is also possible that the two attachment sites exist on two different carbene ligands. They can each be present at the same radical, for example in each case at the radical Y 3 in the different carbene ligands, or at different radicals, for example in a carbene ligand at the radical Y 3 and in the other carbene ligand at the radical Y 4 .
• the at least one carbene ligand of the formula II is very particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of
• Z 1 Z ' is the same or different, CH or N;
• R 1 ⁇ 1 R 12 ' are identical or different, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, be ⁇ preferably an alkyl or aryl radical or in each case 2 radicals R 12 or R 12' together form a fused ring, optionally At least one heteroatom, preferably N, may contain, in each case 2 radicals R 12 or R 12 ' together form an anellated aromatic C 6 ring, to which sen, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring optionally one or more further aromatic Rings can be fused, wherein any imageable Anellleiter is possible, and the fused residues may in turn be substitu ⁇ iert; or R 12 or R 12 ' is a radical with donor or Acceptor effect, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen residues, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably Br or F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, ary
• t and t ' are identical or different, preferably equal to 0 to 3, where, when t or t'> 1, the radicals R 12 and R 12 'may be identical or different, preferably t or t' is 0 or 1, the radical R 12 or R 12 ' is, when t or t' is 1, in the ortho, meta or para position to the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom adjacent to the carbene carbon atom; wherein the aryl radicals optionally carrying the radicals R 12 and R 12 may have, in addition to any radicals R 12 and R 12, one or two groups suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer;
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 11 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl or a substituent with donor or acceptor action, preferably selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F, alkoxy radicals, aryloxy radicals, carbonyl radicals, ester radicals, amine radicals, amide radicals, CH 2 F groups, CHF 2 -
• Groups, CF 3 groups, CN groups, thio groups and SCN groups be ⁇ preferably hydrogen, alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl; where in the group of the formula a one or two of the radicals R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 , in the group of the formula b one or two of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of the formula d of R 11 may be replaced by one or - in the groups of formulas a and b one or two - suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer groups; preferably may be in the group of the formula one or two b of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of formula 11 d of the radical R by one or - b in the groups of the formula, one or two - suitable for covalent linkage to a polymer Be replaced groups;
• R 10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl, preferably alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl, or in each case 2 radicals R 10 together form a fused ring which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably nitrogen, preferably form in each case 2 radicals R 10 together form a fused aromatic C 6 ring, wherein one or more further aromatic rings can optionally be fused to this, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring, any conceivable annulation being possible, and the fused radicals in turn being able to be substituted; or R 10 denotes a radical having donor or acceptor action, preferably selected from Group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN;
• V 0 to 4 preferably 0, 1 or 2, very particularly preferably 0, where, when v is 0, carry the four carbon atoms of the aryl group in formula c, which if appropriate substituted with R 10 , hydrogen atoms, wherein the group of Formula c may have at its aryl radical in addition to optionally present radicals R 10 one or two groups suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer.
• Preferred transition metal complexes of the formula (I) are thus those which contain at least one carbene ligand of the formula II, preference being given to preferred embodiments of the carbene ligand of the formula II.
• transition metal complexes of the general formula are those having the general formula (IB)
• the transition metal complexes of the formula IB can be present as facial or meridional isomer or mixture of isomers of facial and meridional isomers in any proportions, if they have a composition MA 3 B 3 - such as outlined above.
• the facial or meridional isomer of the transition metal complexes of formula IB it may be preferable to use either an isomerically pure facial or an isomerically pure meriodional isomer or a mixture of isomers of facial and meridional isomers in which For example, facial and meridional isomers of the Kochgangsmetallkom ⁇ plexes of the formula IB are possible when n is 3 and m and o are 0. If the transition metal complexes of the formula IB have a composition MA 2 B 4 , the transition metal complexes in the form of cis / trans isomers can be present in any proportions, as stated above.
• ice or trans isomers of the transition metal complexes of the formula IB it may be preferable to use either an isomerically pure ice or an isomerically pure trans isomer or an isomeric mixture of ice and trans isomers in which one of the isomers is present in excess
• cis / trans isomers of complexes of the formula IB are possible if M 1 is a metal atom having the coordination number 6 and if n is 2 and m is 2, the two being monodentate ligands L are the same, and o is 0, or when o is 2 and the two monodentate ligands K are the same, and m is 0.
• the transition metal complexes of the formula IB can - if a metal atom M 1 is used with the coordination number 4, which forms square planar complexes - present as cis or trans isomers or as an isomeric mixture of cis or trans isomers in any proportions if they have a composition MA 2 B 2 - as stated above - have.
• cis / trans isomers of the transition metal complexes of the formula IB are possible when n is 2 and m and 0 are o.
• the number of preferred monoanionic bidentate carbene ligands n is at least 1 and at most 3.
• the number of preferably used monionionic bidentate carbene ligands is 2 or 3, more preferably 3.
• the carbene ligands may be the same or different at n> 1.
• the number of monoanionic bidentate ligands n is 1 or 2, preferably 2.
• transition metal complexes of the formula IBa to d selected from the group consisting of
• the symbols have the meanings already mentioned above with respect to the preferred suitable carbene ligands.
• the three ligands present on the Ir (III) may be identical or different, with at least one ligand being different from the two further ligands in the case of a covalent linkage.
• they can differ in whether or not they have a point of attachment to a polymer, or at which point of the ligand the particular point of attachment is present if the complexes of the formulas IBa to d have more than one point of attachment.
• Ir (III) complexes very particular preference is given to those of the formulas b, c, and d. Particular preference is given to those Ir (III) complexes of the formulas b and c, in which Z and Z are CH, R 8 and R 9 are H or alkyl, t, t 'and v are 0 and the remaining radicals have the meanings already mentioned above with regard to the preferably suitable carbene ligands.
• one or more of the radicals optionally carrying the radicals R 12 , R 12 and R 10 may carry one or two groups suitable for linking to the polymer.
• the linkage with the polymer preferably takes place via at least one of the radicals
• Suitable polymers are, for example, poly-p-phenylene-vinylene and its derivatives, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polychlorene and derivatives thereof, polyfluoranthene and derivatives thereof, and polyacetylene and its derivatives, polystyrene and its derivatives, poly (meth) acrylates and derivatives thereof , z. B. polymethylmethacrylate. Particular preference is given to polyfluoranthenes and their derivatives, polyfluorenes and derivatives thereof and poly-p-phenylene-vinylene and derivatives thereof and poly (meth) acrylates and derivatives thereof, eg. B. polymethylmethacrylate. Furthermore, copolymers are suitable which contain monomer units of said polymers.
• the copolymers may have different monomer units of said polymers, for example copolymers made up of fluorene and fluoranthene units; furthermore, the copolymers can be built up from monomer units of one or more of the stated polymers with further suitable monomer units known to the person skilled in the art be.
• the preparation of said homopolymers and copolymers is known to the person skilled in the art.
• the term polymers is understood as meaning both homopolymers and copolymers.
• the present invention relates to the use of polymeric materials comprising at least one transition metal complex of the formula I which is covalently linked to a polymer.
• the covalent linking of the at least one transition metal complex with the at least one polymer can be carried out by any link known to the person skilled in the art.
• the polymeric materials used in the invention can be prepared in various ways.
• Polymeric materials which comprise a mixture comprising at least one transition metal complex of the formula I and at least one polymer are generally prepared by mixing the individual components. Suitable mixing devices and mixing methods are known to the person skilled in the art. For example, a defined amount of the transition metal complex of formula I may be mixed with a solution of a suitable polymer. Suitable polymers are mentioned above. Suitable solvents for the preparation of the solution of the polymer are dependent on the polymer used and known to the person skilled in the art. After removal of the solvent, the polymeric material used according to the invention is obtained, comprising a mixture of the transition metal complex of the formula I with a suitable polymer. Alternatively, the transition metal complex and the polymer can be mixed in the solid state mit ⁇ without adding solvents.
• the amount of the transition metal complex depends on whether or not the polymer used itself exhibits electroluminescence. If the polymer used itself exhibits electroluminescence, the amount of the transition metal complex of the formula I is generally from 0.5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 20% by weight to the total amount of polymer and transition metal complex of the formula I. If the polymer used itself does not exhibit electroluminescence, the amount of the transition metal complex of the formula I is generally from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 15 to 35% by weight.
• the total amount of polymer and transition metal complex of formula I is 100 wt .-%.
• the polymer used generally has a molecular weight of 10 2 to 10 6 , preferably 10 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 , particularly preferably 10 4 to 3 ⁇ 10 5 , as measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography with polystyrene standard)
• Q transition metal complex of the formula III, wherein Q is covalently linked to a ligand K, a ligand L or a ligand carbene, preferably carbene with a ligand
• M 1 metal atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Rh, Ir,
• carbene carbene ligand which may be neutral or monoanionic and mono-, bi- or tridentate; the carbene ligand may also be a bis- or tris-color ligand;
• L mono- or dianionic ligand, preferably monoanionic ligand, which may be mono- or bidentate;
• K neutral mono- or bidentate ligand selected from the group consisting of phosphines, preferably trialkyl, triaryl or alkylaryl, particularly preferably PAr 3 , wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical and the three aryl radicals in PAr 3 are the same or different can, more preferably PPh 3 , PEt 3 ,
• PnBu 3 PEt 2 Ph, PMe 2 Ph, PnBu 2 Ph; Phosphonates and derivatives thereof, arsines and derivatives thereof, phosphites, CO; Pyridines, wherein the pyridines may be substituted with alkyl or aryl groups; Nitriles and dienes which form a ⁇ complex with M 1 , preferably ⁇ 4 -diphenyl-1,3-butadiene, ⁇ 4 -1, 3-pentadiene, ⁇ 4 -1 -phenyl-1, 3-pentadiene, ⁇ 4 -1, 4-dibenzyl-1,3-butadiene, ⁇ 4 -2,4-hexadiene, ⁇ 4 -3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, ⁇ 4 -1, 4-ditolyl-1,3-butadiene, ⁇ 4 -1, 4-bis (trimethylsilyl) -1,3-butadiene and ⁇ 2 - or ⁇ 4 -cyclooc
• n number of carbene ligands where n is at least 1 and the carbene ligands in the complex of the formula I can be the same or different at n> 1;
• n 0 or ⁇ 1 and the ligands L can be the same or different at m> 1;
• K may be the same or different at o> 1;
• n + m + o depends on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom used and on the denticity of the carbene, L and K ligands and on the charge of the ligands carbene and L, with the proviso that n is at least 1 ;
• Q and T are suitable radicals for forming a covalent bond with one another, the radical Q being covalently bound to one of the ligands L, K or carbene, preferably carbene, and the radical T being covalently bonded to an end group or central unit of the polymer is;
• s ' is an integer from 1 to 3, where s'> 1 the group Q is bound to the same or different ligands K, L or carbene, preferably carbenic;
• the amount of the transition metal complex used is generally 0.5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total amount of polymer and Students ⁇ transition metal complex, in the event that the polymer itself Electroluminescence shows, and in the event that the polymer itself shows no electroluminescence, the amount of Studentsgangs ⁇ metal complex is generally 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 35 parts by weight. %, based on the total amount of polymer and transition metal complex.
• Suitable functionalized polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyfluoranthenes, polyfluorenes, poly-p-phenylene-vinylenes, polyacetylenes, polycarbazoles, polythiophenes, polystyrene, poly (meth) acrylates, in particular polymethyl methacrylate, and derivatives of said polymers which are functionalized with at least one functional group T.
• the functionalized polymers may be homo- or gopolymers, as already mentioned above.
• the functionalized polymer used generally has a molecular weight of 10 2 to 10 6 , preferably 10 3 to 5 x 10 5 , particularly preferably 10 4 to 3 x 10 5 , measured by GPC (with polystyrene standard).
• Preferred transition metal complexes are transition metal complexes of the formulas IHAa to d:
• carbene ligands on the Ir (III) 1, which optionally have the groups Q may be the same or different.
• two or three carbene ligands it is possible for two or three carbene ligands to carry one or possibly more groups Q, but at different positions.
• transition metal complexes of the formula UIAb and IHAc are particularly preferred.
• the functionalization T of the functionalized polymer used and the definition of the radical Q are dependent on the desired linkage. Suitable covalent linkages of the transition metal complex with the polymer have already been mentioned above.
• the linkage of the transition metal complex with the polymer can take place via an ester bond, where Q in formula III is either OH or COOH means and the functionalized polymer has correspondingly as functional groups T OH or COOH.
• a linkage of the transition metal complex with the polymer in the form of an amide bond is possible, wherein Q is an activated carboxyl radical, for example an acid halide, preferably acid chloride radical, an acid anhydride radical or an ester radical or NHR and the functionalized polymer accordingly as funktio ⁇ nelle Groups T at least one activated carboxyl radical, for example an acid halide radical, preferably acid chloride radical, an acid anhydride radical or an ester radical or NHR has.
• R is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl.
• the linkage of the transition metal complex to the polymer can be via azo coupling, where either Q or T is -N ⁇ N + X ' , where X- is a halide, for example Cl " or Br " .
• the other group T or Q is hydrogen.
• the coupling of the diazonium salt takes place with an electron-rich aromatic. Suitable electron-rich aromatics and their preparation as well as the preparation of suitable diazonium salts are known to the person skilled in the art.
• linkage of the transition metal complex with the polymer is possible via a single bond, which can be linked by a coupling reaction.
• Suitable coupling reactions are known to the person skilled in the art. For example, coupling by Kumada coupling, Negishi coupling, Yamamoto coupling or by Suzuki reaction in the presence of nickel or palladium compounds is possible.
• Q or the functional group T of the functionalized polymer are selected from halogen, alkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy or a boron-containing radical.
• the boron-containing radical is preferably a boron-containing radical of the formula -B (O- [O (R 15 )] n -O, or B (OR 16 ) where R 15 and R 16 are identical or different and independently of one another H or C r C 2 o-alkyl, n is an integer from 2 to 10, preferably R 15 and R 16 are identical or different and denote hydrogen or methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl , sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl , isoheptyl, n-octyl, n-dec
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention, in which the transition metal complex of the formula I is linked via a covalent bond with a polymer by means of a coupling reaction, preferably by means of Kumada coupling, Negishi coupling, Yamamoto coupling or by Suzuki reaction, in the presence of nickel or palladium compounds.
• the nickel or palladium compounds are particularly preferably in the oxidation state 0 or, in the case of palladium, in a mixture of Pd (II) -SaiIz and a ligand, for example Pd (ac) 2 and PPh 3 , before.
• a boron-containing compound preferably a boron-containing compound which has a radical of the formula -B (O- [C (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 -O), or a boronic acid or a dialkyl borate with a halide.
• Q is therefore halogen and T is a boron-containing radical, or T is halogen and Q is a boron-containing radical.
• Q or T in the Suzuki coupling can also be alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl ,
• the Kumada coupling is generally carried out in the presence of 0.1 to 10 mol% of Ni or Pd, based on the amount of transition metal complex used in the formula. mel III.
• Q and T are therefore halogen, with either the functionalized transition metal complex or the functionalized polymer being reacted with magnesium prior to the actual coupling reaction.
• Ni coupling reagent preferably Ni (cod) 2
• transition metal complex of the formula III used a catalytic see implementation is possible, however, if the resulting Ni (halo) 2 salt, for example, by activated zinc again reduced and thus leads back into the circulation.
• Q and T are therefore halogen.
• Q or T in the Ya ⁇ mamoto coupling can also mean alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl.
• the couplings are generally carried out in an organic solvent, e.g. in toluene, ethylbenzene, meta-xylene, ortho-xylene, dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or mixtures of the abovementioned solvents.
• organic solvent e.g. in toluene, ethylbenzene, meta-xylene, ortho-xylene, dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or mixtures of the abovementioned solvents.
• the solvent or solvents are freed of traces of moisture before the coupling reaction by conventional methods.
• the coupling reactions are carried out under protective gas, with nitrogen or noble gases, in particular argon, are suitable.
• organic amines are used, particularly suitable are triethylamine, pyridine or collidine.
• the couplings can be carried out in the presence of a base, preferably Suzuki coupling, in the presence of basic salts, e.g.
• a base preferably Suzuki coupling
• basic salts e.g.
• the coupling reaction can be carried out as a two-phase reaction with aqueous solutions of alkali metal carbonate, optionally in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. In this case, it is not necessary to free the organic solvent from the reaction of moisture.
• alkoxides or hydroxides are suitable as bases.
• the coupling reactions last between 10 minutes and up to 2 days, preferably 2 hours to 24 hours.
• the pressure conditions are not critical, preferably atmospheric pressure.
• the coupling reactions are introduced elevated temperature, preferably between 80 ° C and the boiling point of the orga ⁇ African solvent or solvent mixture.
• the molar ratio of the sum of the radicals Q of the functionalized transition metal complex, on the one hand, and the residue T of the functionalized polymer, on the other hand, is generally 1: 1 to 30: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 15: 1, more preferably 1.2: 1 to 6 : 1.
• the functionalized polymer may contain one or more functional groups T. This means that a plurality of singly or multiply functional transition metal complexes of the formula III may be linked to one or more polyfunctionalized polymers.
• the molar ratio between the functionalized polymers and the singly or multiply functionalized transition metal complex is therefore dependent on how many functionalized transition metal complexes are to be linked to how many functionalized polymers and the number of Ver ⁇ knüpfungsstellen on the polymers and transition metal complexes.
• the functionalized polymers used can be prepared by processes known to those skilled in the art.
• the functionalized metal complexes of the formula III used can likewise be prepared by processes known to the person skilled in the art. Suitable methods of preparation are e.g. in the review articles W.A. Hermann et al., Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 48, 1-69, W.A. Hermann et al., Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2256-2282 and G. Bertrand et al., Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 39-91 and the literature cited therein.
• the functionalized transition metal complexes of the formula III are prepared by deprotonation of the ligand precursors corresponding to the corresponding carbene ligands and subsequent reaction with suitable metal complexes containing the desired metal.
• the preparation of transition-metal complexes is possible by the direct use of Wanzlick olefins.
• Suitable ligand precursors are known to the person skilled in the art. Preference is given to cationic precursors.
• Suitable preparation processes for the preparation of the transition metal complexes of the formula III are carried out analogously to the PCT application filed at the same time as the present application with the title "transition metal complexes with carbene ligands as emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)" and US Pat File number "" disclosed manufacturing processes of transition metal complexes. It must be taken into account in the preparation that one of the ligands K, L or carbene, preferably carbene, has a radical Q.
• Transition metal complex of formula I which is covalently linked to a polymer, in addition to an introduction of a transition metal compound of the formula
• Transition metal carbene complex carried out with a bifunctional or trifunctional unit in the main chain of a polymer. In this case, generally no
• Another object of the present application is therefore the use of polymeric materials comprising at least one transition metal complex of formula I, which is covalently linked to a polymer prepared by copolymerization of monomers having polymerization active groups, with comonomers of formula IV, wherein S is linked to one or more ligands K, L or carbene, preferably carbene
• M 1 metal atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Rh, Ir, Nb, Pd,
• carbene carbene ligand which may be neutral or monoanionic and mono-, bi- or tridentate; the carbene ligand may also be a bis- or tris-color ligand;
• L mono- or dianionic ligand, preferably monoanionic ligand, which may be mono- or bidentate;
• n number of carbene ligands where n is at least 1 and the carbene ligands in the complex of formula I may be the same or different at n>1;
• n + m + o is dependent on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom used and on the denticity of the carbene, L and K ligands and on the charge of the ligands carbene and L, with the proviso that n is at least 1 is;
• S is a group which is polymerisable with the polymerization-active groups of the monomers and is bonded to one of the ligands L, K or carbene, preferably carbene;
• s is an integer from 1 to 3, wherein, when s"> 1, the group S is bound to the same or different ligands K, L or carbene, preferably carbene.
• the group S may in this case be bonded to the same carbene ligands in the transition metal complex of the formula IV or to various carbene ligands of the transition metal complex of the formula IV.
• transition metal complexes of the formulas IVA a to d in which the group S is bonded to the same carbene ligand or to different carbene ligands.
• S is a polymerizable group with the polymerization-active groups of the monomers
• the two carbene ligands on the Ir (IIl), which optionally have the groups (S) q -, (S) r . and / or (S) y, may be the same or different.
• both carbene ligands each have one or, if appropriate, a plurality of groups. But at different positions, for example, that in one carbene ligand q 'is 0 and r' is 1 and in the other carbene ligand q '1 and r' is 0.
• transition metal complexes of the formulas IVAb and IVAc are especially preferred.
• Polymerization-active groups and groups which can be polymerized with the polymerization-active groups are all groups which are polymerizable with one another.
• the polymerization-active groups and the groups S polymerizable with the polymerization-active groups are preferably selected from the group consisting of formyl groups, phosphonium groups, halogen groups such as Br, I, Cl, vinyl groups, acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups, halomethyl groups, acetonitrile groups, alkylsulfonyloxy groups such as trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy groups, Arylsulfonyl-oxy groups such as toluenesulfonyloxy groups, aldehyde groups, OH groups, alkoxy groups, COOH groups, activated carboxyl groups such as acid halides, acid anhydrides or esters, alkyl phosphonate groups, sulfonium groups and boron-containing radicals, preferably halogen groups, al
• Suitable boron-containing radicals are the boron-containing radicals already mentioned in the definition of Q.
• polymerization methods are the following polymerization methods:
• the Wittig reaction, Heck reaction, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, Knoevenagel reaction, Suzuki coupling, Kumada coupling and Yamamoto coupling are preferred.
• the copolymerization is particularly preferably carried out by means of Suzuki reaction, Yamamoto coupling or Kumada coupling. Suitable combinations of polymerizable groups and groups polymerizable with the polymerization-active groups are known to the person skilled in the art.
• Suitable combinations of parts A and B) of polymerization-active groups of the monomers and of polymerization groups S of the transition complexes in the case where each monomer has two polymerization-active groups and the transition metal complex has two groups S (s 2), are:
• each monomer and each transition metal complex may each have a group A and a group B or each monomer or each Automatgangsmetallkom ⁇ plex has two groups A and each transition metal complex or each monomer has two groups B.
• reaction conditions of said copolymerizations are also known to the person skilled in the art. Reaction conditions for the most preferred Suzuki reaction, Kumada coupling and Yamamoto coupling are the same as those already mentioned under ba). Suitable process conditions concerning the Suzuki reaction are further z. As mentioned in WO 00/53656, and suitable Anlagen ⁇ conditions concerning the Yamamoto coupling are further z. As mentioned in US 5,708,130.
• Preferred polymerization-active groups and groups S polymerizable with the polymerization-active groups are selected from halogen groups, alkylsulfonyloxy groups, arylsulfonyloxy groups and boron-containing groups. Preferred embodiments of the abovementioned groups have already been mentioned above.
• the process for the copolymerization of monomers which have polymerization-active groups with comonomers of the formula IV which have polymerizable groups S with the polymerization-active groups is preferably carried out in the presence of a nickel or palladium catalyst.
• a nickel or palladium catalyst Preferred nickel and palladium catalysts are already mentioned above under ba), as well as suitable amounts of the catalysts.
• suitable ethylenically unsaturated groups are vinyl groups, acryloyl groups and methacryloyl groups.
• Suitable reaction conditions for the free-radical polymerization are known to those skilled in the art. Suitable process conditions are mentioned, for example, in EP-A 0 637 899, EP-A 0 803 171 and WO 96/22005.
• the ratio of monomers which have polymerization-active groups to the transition metal complexes of the formula IV which have polymerizable groups S polymerizable with the polymerization-active groups is chosen such that the amount of the transition metal complex is generally from 0.5 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total amount of polymer and transition metal complex.
• the amount of the transition metal complex is generally from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably from 15 to 35% by weight, based on the Total amount of polymer and transition metal complex.
• the total amount of polymer and transition metal complex is 100% by weight.
• the functionalized metal complexes of the formula IV used can be prepared by processes known to the person skilled in the art. Suitable manufacturing methods are e.g. in the review articles W.A. Hermann et al., Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 48, 1-69, W.A. Hermann et al., Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2256-2282 and G. Bertrand et al., Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 39-91 and the literature cited therein.
• the functionalized transition metal complexes of the formula IV are prepared by deprotonation of the ligand precursors corresponding to the corresponding carbene ligands and subsequent reaction with suitable metal complexes containing the desired metal.
• the preparation of the transition metal complexes by direct use of Wanzlick olefins is possible.
• Suitable ligand precursors are known to the person skilled in the art. Preference is given to cationic precursors.
• Suitable preparation processes for preparing the transition metal complexes of the formula IV are carried out analogously to the PCT application filed at the same time as the present application entitled "transition metal complexes with carbene ligands as emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)" Reference Numbers
• the preparation it should be taken into account that one or more of the ligands K, L or carbene, preferably carbene, have radicals S.
• Scheme 3 is exemplified a process for the preparation of carbene ligands of compounds of formula IV wherein S is OTf:
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for use in organic light-emitting diodes. These organic materials are triplet emitters which have high energy and power efficiency.
• By incorporating the triplet emitters into a polymer it is possible to apply the polymeric materials used in the invention in the form of a solution film, e.g. by spincoating, inkjet printing or dipping.
• the polymeric materials used in the invention it is possible with the help of the polymeric materials used in the invention to produce large-area displays easily and inexpensively.
• Another object of the present application are ent ⁇ holding polymeric materials at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of poly-p-phenylene-vinylene and its derivatives, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polyfluorenes and derivatives thereof, polyfluoranthene and derivatives thereof, as well as polyacetylene and des ⁇ sen derivatives and polyacetylene and its derivatives, polystyrene and its Deri ⁇ derivatives, poly (meth) acrylates and derivatives thereof, and copolymers containing Monomerein ⁇ units of said polymers; and
• M 1 metal atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Rh, Ir, Nb, Pd, Pt, Fe, Ru, Os, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Cu, Ag and Au in each for the ent speaking metal atom possible oxidation state;
• mono or dianionic ligand preferably monoanionic ligand, which may be mono- or bidentate;
• n is at least 2 and the carbene ligands in the complex of formula I may be the same or different;
• n 0 or ⁇ 1 and the ligands L can be the same or different at m> 1;
• o Number of ligands K, where o can be 0 or ⁇ 1 and the ligands K can be the same or different at o> 1;
• n + m + o is dependent on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom used and on the denticity of the carbene, L and K ligands and on the charge of the ligands carbene and L, with the proviso that n is at least 2;
• Do 1 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, P, N, O and S, preferably P, N, O and S, more preferably N;
• Do 2 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, N, P, O and S;
• X spacer selected from the group consisting of silylene, alkylene, arylene,
• Heteroarylene or alkenylene preferably alkylene or arylene, particularly preferably C 1 - to C 3 -alkylene or C 6 -1, 4-arylene, where appropriate, at least one of the four further carbon atoms with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i- Propyl groups or groups with donor or acceptor selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, more preferably F, alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN may be substituted, very particularly preferably methylene, ethylene or 1, 4-phenylene;
• p is 0 or 1, preferably 0;
• q is 0 or 1, preferably 0;
• Y 1 , Y 2 together form a bridge between the donor atom Do 1 and the nitrogen atom N, which has at least two atoms, preferably two to three atoms, more preferably two atoms, of which at least one is a carbon atom, said at least one further An atom is preferably a nitrogen atom, it being possible for the bridge to be saturated or unsaturated, preferably unsaturated, and the at least two atoms of the bridge to be substituted or unsubstituted, wherein - in the event that the
• Bridge has two carbon atoms and is saturated - at least ei ⁇ nes of the two Kohienstoffatome is substituted; the substituents of the groups Y 1 and Y 2 may together form a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four, atoms, of which one or two atoms may be heteroatoms, preferably N, and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that Y 1 and Y 2 together with this bridge a five- to seven-membered form, preferably six-membered ring, which may optionally have two - or in the case of a six- or seven-membered ring - three double bonds and may optionally be substituted by alkyl or aryl groups and may optionally contain heteroatoms, preferably N, wherein a six-membered aromatic ring which is substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl or Arylgrup ⁇ groups, is preferred, or the preferred six-membered aromatic ring is fused with further rings, which if
• Y 3 is a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably one
• Do 2 , q ', s ! , R 3 , R 1 , R 2 , X 'and p' independently have the same meanings as Do 2 , q, s, R 3 , R 1 , R 2 , X and p;
• R 1 , R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radicals, preferably hydrogen, alkyl radicals, heteroaryl radicals or aryl radicals; or
• R 1 and R 2 together form a bridge with a total of three to five, preferably four atoms, of which one or two atoms can be heteroatoms, preferably N, and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that the group
• Arylgrup ⁇ pen may optionally contain heteroatoms, preferably N, wherein a six-membered aromatic ring which is substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl or aryl groups is preferred, or the preferred six-membered aromatic ring is fused with further rings which optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably N, NEN, preferably six-membered aromatic rings;
• R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical;
• the at least one polymer can be present in the form of a mixture with the transition metal complex of the formula IB or can be covalently linked to the transition metal complex of the formula IB.
• the octahedral transition metal complexes in the form of their facial or meridional isomers or as a mixture of facial and isomeric isomers in any proportions.
• the facial or meridional isomer of the transition metal complexes of formula IB it may be preferable to use either an isomerically pure facial or an isomerically pure meriodional isomer or an isomeric mixture of facial and meridional isomers wherein one of the isomers is in excess or the isomers are present in the same amount.
• the prerequisites for the formation of facial and meridional isomers have already been explained above.
• the present application thus likewise relates to polymeric materials which contain the pure facial or meridional isomers of the transition metal complexes IB according to the invention, to the extent that these may be present on the central metal used because of the substitution pattern.
• the individual isomers can be isolated from the corresponding mixture of isomers, for example by chromatography, sublimation or crystallization. Corresponding methods for separating the isomers are known to the person skilled in the art.
• the grouping is preferred
• transition metal complex IB selected from the group consisting of
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 11 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, or a substituent with donor or acceptor selected from halogen radicals, preferably F 1 Cl, Br, especially preferably F, alkoxy radicals, aryloxy radicals, carbonyl radicals, terrestrials, amine radicals, amide radicals, CH 2 F groups, CHF 2 groups, CF 3 groups, GN groups, thio groups and SCN groups, preferably hydrogen, alkyl, Heteroaryl or aryl; where in the group of the formula a one or two of the radicals R 4 , R 5 , R e or R 7 , in the group of the formula b one or two of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of the formula d the radical R 11 may be replaced by one or - in the groups of formulas a and b one or two - suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer
• R 10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, preferably aikyl or aryl, or in each case 2
• v is 0 to 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, most preferably 0, wherein when v
• 0 is the four carbon atoms of the aryl group in form! c, which are optionally substituted by R 10 , carry hydrogen atoms, where the group of the formula c may have on its aryl radical, in addition to optionally present radicals R 10, one or two groups suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer,
• Z is CH or N, where Z is in the o, m or p position to the point of attachment of the
• Grouping can be arranged with the carbene ligand
• R 12 is an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably an alkyl or aryl radical, or in each case 2 radicals R 12 together form a fused ring which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably N, preferably form in each case 2 radicals R 12 together have a fused aromatic C 6 ring, it being possible for one or more further aromatic rings to be fused to this, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring, any possible fusing being possible, and the fused ring th radicals may in turn be substituted; or R 12 is a radical having a donor or acceptor effect, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 ,, CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN;
• radicals R 12 may be the same or different, preferably t is 0 or 1, wherein the grouping in addition to possibly existing R 12 one or two for covalent linkage may have suitable groups with a polymer.
• Y 3 may be identical or different from the above-defined grouping and may have the following meanings already mentioned above: a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably a hydrogen Alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical or
• Do 2 , q ', s', R 3 , R 1 , R 2 , X 'and p' independently have the same meanings as Do 2 , q, s, R 3 , R 1 , R 2 , X and p.
• Carbene ligands are suitable where Y is 4 , that is the group of the formula
• Y 3 represents a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably a hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical.
• radical Y 3 or Y 4 said at least one radical having at least one point of attachment to the polymer. If a linkage of the transition metal complex of the formula IB via a point of attachment occurs, this is either due to the radical
• both linking sites may be present on the same radical or on one of the abovementioned radicals, which is preferred.
• the two attachment sites are present on two different carbene ligands. They can each be present at the same radical, for example in each case at the radical Y 3 in the different carbene ligands, or at different radicals, for example in a carbene ligand at the radical Y 3 and in the other carbene ligand at the radical Y 4 .
• the transition metal complex according to the invention particularly preferably has at least two carbene ligands which are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of
• Z, Z ' are identical or different, CH or N;
• R 12 , R 12 are identical or different, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, be ⁇ preferably an alkyl or aryl radical or in each case 2 radicals R 12 or R 12 together form a fused ring, optionally at least one He - teroatom, preferably N, may preferably in each case 2 radicals R form 12 and R 12 together form a fused aromatic C ⁇ -ring, said sen to die ⁇ , preferably six-membered aromatic ring optionally containing one or more further aromatic rings may be fused, wherein any imageable Anellleiter is possible, and the fused residues may be substituted in turn iert; or R 12 or R 12 is a radical with donor or
• Acceptor effect preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen residues, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably Br or F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, aryloxy, thio and SCN;
• t and t ' are identical or different, preferably equal to 0 to 3, where, when t or f> 1, the radicals R 12 and R 12' may be the same or different, preferably t or t 'is 0 or 1, the radical R 12 or R 12 ' is, when t or V is 1, in the ortho, meta or para position to the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom adjacent to the carbene carbon atom; wherein the aryl radicals optionally carrying the radicals R 12 and R 12 may have, in addition to any radicals R 12 and R 12 ', one or two groups suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer;
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 11 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl or a substituent with donor or acceptor, preferably selected from halo radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, more preferably F, alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl - radicals, ester radicals, amine radicals, amide radicals, CH 2 F groups, CHF 2 -
• Groups, CF 3 groups, CN groups, thio groups and SCN groups be ⁇ preferably hydrogen, alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl; where in the group of the formula a one or two of the radicals R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 , in the group of the formula b one or two of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of the formula d of R 11 may be replaced by one or - in the groups of formulas a and b one or two - suitable for covalent linkage with a polymer groups; preferably may be in the group of the formula one or two b of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of formula 11 d of the radical R by one or - b in the groups of the formula, one or two - suitable for covalent linkage to a polymer Be replaced groups;
• R 10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl, preferably alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl, or in each case 2 radicals R 10 together form a fused ring which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably nitrogen, preferably form in each case 2 radicals R 10 together form a fused aromatic C 6 ring, wherein one or more further aromatic rings can optionally be fused to this, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring, any conceivable annulation being possible, and the fused radicals in turn being able to be substituted; or R 10 denotes a radical having donor or acceptor action, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino groups, amide radicals, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN;
• v is 0 to 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, most preferably 0, wherein when v
• the four carbon atoms of the aryl radical in formula c, which are optionally substituted with R 10 carry hydrogen atoms, the group of formula c on its aryl radical in addition to optionally present radicals R 10 one or two for covalent linkage with a polymer may have suitable groups.
• the transition metal complexes of the formula IB particularly preferably have a metal atom M 1 selected from the group consisting of Rh (III), Ir (III), Ru (III), Ru (IV) and Pt (II), preferably Pt (II) or Ir (III), up. Particular preference is given to using Ir as the metal atom M 1 , preferably Ir (III).
• M 1 in the transition metal complexes of the formula IB is Ir (III), n 3 and m and o is 0.
• transition metal complexes of the formula IB can be prepared analogously to the process known to those skilled in the art. Suitable preparation methods are described, for example, in the review articles W.A. Hermann et al., Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 48, 1 to 69, W.A. Hermann et al., Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2256-2282 and G. Bertrand et al. Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 39 to 91 and the literature cited therein.
• the functionalized transition metal complexes of the formula III are prepared by deprotonation of the ligand precursors corresponding to the corresponding carbene ligands and subsequent reaction with suitable metal complexes containing the desired metal.
• the preparation of the transition metal complexes by direct use of Wanzlick olefins is possible.
• Suitable ligand precursors are known to the person skilled in the art. Preference is given to cationic precursors.
• Suitable preparation processes for preparing the transition metal complexes of the formula III are carried out analogously to the PGT application filed at the same time as the present application entitled “Transition metal complexes with carbene ligands as emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)” and US Pat Reference numeral "disclosed manufacturing method of transition metal complexes. It must be taken into account in the preparation that one of the ligands K, L or carbene, preferably carbene, has a radical Q or S.
• transition metal complexes of the formula IBa to d selected from the group consisting of
• Z ' are the same or different, CH or N;
• R 1 1 2 2 , D R 12 ' are identical or different, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, be ⁇ preferably an alkyl or aryl radical or in each case 2 radicals R 12 or R 12 together form a fused ring, the If appropriate, at least one heteroatom, preferably N, may contain, in each case 2 radicals R 12 or R 12 ' together form a fused aromatic C 6 ring, to which, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring optionally one or more further aromatic rings can be annealed, any conceivable annulation is possible, and the fused residues in turn sub- can be stituiert; or R 12 or R 12 is a radical having donor or acceptor activity, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably Br or F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyi, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F,, CF 3 , CN,
• t and t ' are identical or different, preferably equal to 0 to 3, where, when t or t'> 1, the radicals R 12 and R 12 may be identical or different, preferably t or t 'is 0 or 1, the radical R 12 or R 12 ' is when t or t' is 1, in the ortho, meta or para position to the point of attachment to the radicals R 12 and R 12 may be identical or different, preferably t or t 'is 0 or 1, the radical R 12 or R 12 ' is when t or t' is 1, in the ortho, meta or para position to the point of attachment to the
• R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 11 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl or a substituent with donor or acceptor action, preferably selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F, alkoxy radicals, aryloxy radicals, carbonyl radicals, ester radicals, amine radicals, amide radicals, CH 2 F groups, CHF 2 groups, CF 3 groups, CN groups, thio groups and SCN groups, preferably hydrogen , Alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl; where in the group of the formula a one or two of the radicals R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 , in the group of the formula b one or two of the radicals R 8 or R 9 and in the group of For ⁇ mel d of R 11 may be replaced by one or - in the groups of formulas a and b one or two - suitable for covalent linkage with
• R 10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl, preferably alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl, or in each case 2 radicals R 10 together form a fused ring which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably nitrogen, preferably 2 radicals R 10 in each case together, a fused aromatic C 6 ring, wherein one or more further aromatic rings may optionally be fused to these, preferably six-membered, aromatic ring, any conceivable Anellleiter is possible, and the fused radicals may in turn be substituted; or R 10 means one NEN remainder with donor or acceptor, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, most preferably F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN;
• v is 0 to 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, most preferably 0, wherein when v
• the four carbon atoms of the aryl radical in formula c, which are optionally substituted with R 10 carry hydrogen atoms, the group of formula c on its aryl radical in addition to optionally present radicals R 10 one or two for covalent linkage with a polymer may have suitable groups.
• the polymeric materials according to the invention in the form of a mixture of at least one polymer with at least one transition metal complex of the formula IB are prepared by mixing the at least one transition metal complex of the formula IB with at least one polymer.
• Another object of the present invention is therefore a process for the preparation of the polymeric materials of the invention in the form of a mixture of at least one polymer with at least ei ⁇ NEM transition metal complex of the formula IB by mixing the at least one transition metal complex of the formula IB with at least one polymer.
• Process conditions and proportions of the components used for preparing mixtures of at least one polymer having at least one transition metal complex of the formula IB have already been mentioned above with regard to the preparation of the polymeric materials used according to the invention.
• Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of the polymeric materials according to the invention, wherein the polymer is covalently linked to the transition metal, by reacting at least one functionalized polymer
• transition metal complex of the formula HIB functionalized with one or more groups Q, where Q contains at least one ligand K, a ligand L or a carbene ligand of the formula II
• M 1 metal atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Rh, Ir, Nb, Pd, Pt, Fe, Ru, Os, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Cu, Ag and Au in each for the ent speaking metal atom possible oxidation state;
• mono or dianionic ligand preferably monoanionic ligand, which may be mono- or bidentate;
• n is at least 2 and the carbene ligands in the complex of formula HIB may be the same or different;
• n + m + o of the oxidation state and coordination number of the Lucas ⁇ set metal atom and the denticity of the carbene ligand and the ligands L and K and of the charge of the carbene ligand and the ligand L is dependent, with the proviso that n at least 1 is, and
• Do 1 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, P, N, O and S, preferably P, N, O and S, more preferably N;
• Do 2 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, N, P, O and S;
• X spacer selected from the group consisting of silylene, alkylene, arylene,
• Heteroarylene or alkenylene preferably alkylene or arylene, more preferably C r to C 3 alkylene or C 6 -1, 4-arylene, wherein optionally at least one of the four further carbon atoms with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i Propyl groups or groups with donor or acceptor selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F, alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN may be substituted, very particularly preferably methylene, ethylene or 1, 4-phenylene;
• p is O or 1, preferably O;
• q is 0 or 1, preferably 0;
• Y 1 , Y 2 together form a bridge between the donor atom Do 1 and the nitrogen atom N, which has at least two atoms, preferably two to three atoms, more preferably two atoms, of which at least one is a carbon atom, said at least one further
• an atom is nitrogen, which bridge may be saturated or unsaturated, preferably unsaturated, and the at least two atoms of the bridge may be substituted or unsubstituted, wherein - in the event that the bridge has two carbon atoms and is saturated - At least one of the two carbon atoms is substituted;
• the substituents of the Grup ⁇ groups Y 1 and Y 2 may be a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four atoms of which one or two atoms are heteroatoms Trust ⁇ Trains t N, may be and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so Y 1 and Y 2 together with this bridge form a five- to seven-membered, preferably six-membere
• Y 3 is a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably one
• R 1 , R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radicals, preferably hydrogen, alkyl radicals, heteroaryl radicals or aryl radicals; or
• R 1 and R 2 together form a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four, atoms, of which one or two atoms can be heteroatoms, preferably N, and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that the group
• Aikyl- or Arylgrup ⁇ pen may optionally contain heteroatoms, preferably N, whereby a six-membered aromatic ring which is reacted with alkyl or aryl groups substituted or unsubstituted, is preferred, or the preferred six-membered aromatic ring is fused with further rings, which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably N, NEN, preferably six-membered aromatic rings;
• R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical;
• Q and T are suitable radicals for attaching a covalent bond to each other, the radical Q being bonded to one of the ligands L, K or carbene, and the radical T being covalently bonded to an end group or central unit of the polymer;
• s ' is an integer from 1 to 3, where, in s'> 1, the group Q is bound to the same or different ligands K, L or carbene, preferably carbene;
• the amount of the transition metal complex used is generally 0.5 to 50% by weight.
• Preferably 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total amount of polymer and transition metal complex is, in the event that the polymer itself shows electroluminescence, and in the event that the polymer itself shows no electroluminescence, the amount of the transition metal complex is generally 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 35 wt .-%, based on the total amount of polymer and transition metal complex.
• Q and T are selected from the group consisting of halogen, such as Br, I or Cl, alkylsulfonyloxy such as trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy such as toluene-sulfonyloxy, boron-containing radicals, OH, COOH, activated carboxyl radicals such as acid halides, acid anhydrides or esters, -N ⁇ N + X " , where X " is a halide, for example Cl “ or Br “ , SH, SiR 2 11 X, and NHR, where R and R "are hydrogen, aryl or alkyl, and those mentioned above Radicals via a single bond to one of the ligands L, K or carbene, preferably carbene, or may be bonded to the polymer, or via a linker, - (CR ' 2 ) q -, where R' is independently hydrogen , Alkyl or aryl, and
• Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of polymeric materials comprising at least one transition metal complex of formula IIB, which is covalently linked to a polymer, by copolymerization of monomers having polymerization active groups, with comonomers of formula IVB, wherein S with a or more ligands K, L or a carbene ligand of the formula II
• M 1 metal atom selected from the group consisting of Co, Rh, Ir, Nb, Pd,
• L mono- or dianionic ligand, preferably monoanionic ligand, which may be mono- or bidentate;
• n number of carbene ligands where n is at least 2 and the carbene ligands in the complex of formula I may be the same or different;
• o Number of ligands K, where o can be 0 or ⁇ 1 and the ligands K can be the same or different at o> 1;
• n + m + o depends on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom used and on the denticity of the carbene ligand and the ligands L and K as well as on the charge of the carbene ligand and the ligand L, with the proviso that n is at least 1 is, and
• Do 1 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, P, N, O and S, preferably P, N, O and S, more preferably N;
• Do 2 donor atom selected from the group consisting of C, N, P, O and S;
• X spacer selected from the group consisting of silylene, alkylene, arylene,
• Heteroarylene or alkenylene preferably alkylene or arylene, particularly preferably C 1 - to C 3 -alkylene or C 6 -1, 4-arylene, where appropriate, at least one of the four further carbon atoms with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or i Propyl groups or with groups having donor or acceptor action selected from halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F, alkoxy radicals, aryloxy radicals, carbonyl, ester, amino groups, amide radicals, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN may be substituted, most preferably methylene, ethylene or 1, 4-phenylene; p is 0 or 1, preferably 0;
• q is 0 or 1, preferably 0;
• Y 1 , Y 2 together form a bridge between the donor atom Do 1 and the nitrogen atom N, which has at least two atoms, preferably two to three atoms, more preferably two atoms, of which at least one is a carbon atom, said at least one further
• the atom is a nitrogen atom, which bridge may be saturated or unsaturated, preferably unsaturated, and the at least two atoms of the bridge may be substituted or unsubstituted, wherein - in the event that the bridge has two carbon atoms and is saturated - At least one of the two carbon atoms is substituted;
• the substituents of the group-pen Y 1 and Y 2 may be a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four atoms, one or two atoms of which heteroatoms Trust ⁇ Trains t N, may be and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that Y 1 and Y 2 form, together with this bridge, a five- to seven-membered
• Y 3 is a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably a hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical or
• R 1 , R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radicals, preferably hydrogen, alkyl radicals, heteroaryl radicals or aryl radicals; or
• R 1 and R 2 together form a bridge having a total of three to five, preferably four, atoms, of which one or two atoms can be heteroatoms, preferably N, NEN and the remaining atoms are carbon atoms, so that the group
• a five- to seven-membered, preferably six-membered ring which optionally - in addition to the already existing double bond - one - or in the case of a six- or seven-membered ring - may have two further Dop ⁇ pelitatien and optionally be substituted with alkyl or aryl groups may optionally contain heteroatoms, preferably N, wherein a six-membered aromatic ring substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl or aryl groups is preferred, or the preferred six-membered aromatic ring is with further rings optionally containing at least one heteroatom, preferably N , may contain NEN, preferably six-membered aromatic rings fused;
• R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl radical, preferably hydrogen, an alkyl, heteroaryl or an aryl radical;
• S is a group which is polymerisable with the polymerization-active groups of the monomers and is bonded to one of the ligands L, K or carbene, preferably carbene;
• s is an integer from 1 to 3, where s"> 1 the group S is bound to the same or different ligands K, L or carbene.
• Process conditions, preferably used components and Mengen beaut ⁇ se of the components used for the preparation of polymeric materials comprehensively send at least one transition metal complex of the formula IIB, which is covalently linked to a polymer, by copolymerization of monomers having polymerisati ⁇ onsunke groups with Comonomers of the formula IVB are already mentioned above with regard to the preparation of the polymeric materials used according to the invention, or the same ones already described above with regard to the preparation of polymeric materials containing a transition metal complex of the formula II covalently linked to a polymer by copolymerization of monomers having polymerization-active groups are mentioned with comonomers of formula IV.
• the polymeric materials according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for use in organic light-emitting diodes. These organic materials are triplet emitters that have high energy and power efficiency. By incorporating the triplet emitters into a polymer, it is possible to apply the polymeric materials of the invention in the form of a solution film, e.g. by spincoating, inkjet printing or dipping. Thus, with the aid of the polymeric materials according to the invention, it is possible to produce large-area displays simply and inexpensively.
• a further subject of the present application is therefore the use of the polymeric materials used according to the invention or of the polymeric materials according to the invention in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention or the polymeric materials according to the invention are preferably used as emitter substances in the OLEDs since they have an emission (electroluminescence) in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• the aid of the polymeric materials or the polymeric materials according to the invention as emitter substances it is possible to provide materials which have electroluminescence in the red, green and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Organic light-emitting diodes are basically made up of several layers. An example is shown in FIG. 1, in which:
• the OLED does not have all of the layers mentioned, for example an OLED with the layers (1) (anode), (3) (light-emitting layer) and (5) (cathode) is likewise suitable, the functions of the layers (2) (Hole-transporting layer) and (4) (electron-transporting layer) are taken over by the adjacent layers. OLEDs comprising layers (1), (2), (3) and (5) or layers (1), (3), (4) and (5) are also suitable.
• the polymeric materials are preferably used in the light-emitting layer as emitter substances.
• Another object of the present invention is therefore a light-emitting layer containing at least one polymeric material as an emitter substance. Preferred polymeric materials have already been mentioned above.
• the individual of the abovementioned layers of the OLED can in turn be composed of 2 or more layers.
• the hole-transporting layer may be constructed of a layer into which holes are injected from the electrode and a layer which transports the holes away from the hole injection layer into the light-emitting layer.
• the electron-transporting layer may also consist of several layers, for example a layer in which electrons are injected through the electrode and a layer which receives electrons from the electron-injection layer and transports them into the light-emitting layer. These layers are selected in each case according to factors such as energy level, temperature resistance and charge carrier mobility, as well as the energy difference of said layers with the organic layers or the metal electrodes.
• the skilled person is able to choose the structure of the OLEDs so that it is optimally adapted to the polymeric materials used according to the invention as emitter substances.
• the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) of the hole-transporting layer should be aligned with the working function of the anode
• the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of the electron-transporting layer should be aligned with the work function of the cathode.
• Another object of the present application is an OLED containing a light-emitting layer according to the invention.
• the further layers in the OLED may be constructed of any material commonly employed in such layers and known to those skilled in the art.
• the anode (1) is an electrode that provides positive charge carriers.
• it can be constructed of materials that are a metal, a mixture of different Contains metals, a metal alloy, a metal oxide or a mixture of different Metall ⁇ oxides.
• the anode may be a conductive polymer, for example polyaniline or derivatives thereof or polythiophene or derivatives thereof.
• Suitable metals include the metals of Groups 11, 4, 5 and 6 of the Periodic Table of Elements and the transition metals of Groups 8 to 10.
• ITO indium tin oxide
• the anode (1) contains an organic material, for example polyaniline, as described for example in Nature, Vol. 357, pages 477 to 479 (June 11, 1992). At least either the anode or the cathode should be at least partially transparent in order to be able to decouple the light formed.
• organic material for example polyaniline
• Suitable hole transport materials for the layer (2) of the OLED according to the invention are disclosed, for example, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, Vol. 18, pages 837 to 860, 1996. Both hole transporting molecules and polymers can be used as hole transport material.
• hole-transporting molecules are selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl ( ⁇ -NPD), N, N'-diphenyl-N , N'-Bis (3-methylphenyl) - [1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (TPD), 1,1-bis [(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl] cyclohexane (TAPC) , N, N'-bis (4-methylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (4-ethylphenyl) - [1, 1 '- (3,3'-dimethyl) biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (ETPD ), Tetrakis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N, N ', N'-2,5-phenylenediamine (PDA), ⁇ -phenyl-4-N,
• hole transporting polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyvinylcarbazoles and derivatives thereof, polysilanes and derivatives thereof, for example (phenylmethyl) polysilanes, polyanilines and derivatives thereof, polysiloxanes and derivatives having an aromatic amine group in the main or side chain Polythiophene and derivatives thereof, preferably PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), particularly preferably PEDOT doped with PSS (polystyrene sulfonate), polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) and derivatives thereof.
• PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
• PSS polystyrene sulfonate
• PSS polystyrene sulfonate
• polypyrrole polypyrrole and derivatives thereof
• poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) and derivatives thereof poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) and
• hole transporting materials examples include JP-A 63070257, JP-A 63175860, JP-A 2 135 359, JP-A 2 135 361, JP-A 2 209 988, JP-A 3 037 992 and JP-A 3 152 184. It is also possible to transport holes-containing polymers by doping hole-transporting molecules into polymers such as polymers. lystyrene, polyacrylate, poly (meth) acrylate, poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (vinyl chloride), polysiloxanes and polycarbonate. The holes transprotierenden molecules are dispersed for this purpose in said polymers, which serve as a polymeric binder.
• Suitable hole-transporting molecules are the molecules already mentioned above.
• Preferred hole transport materials are the said holes transprotierenden polymers. Particular preference is given to polyvinylcarbazoles and derivatives thereof, polysilanes and derivatives thereof, polysiloxane derivatives which have an aromatic amino group in their main or side chain and polythiophene-containing derivatives, in particular PEDOT-PSS.
• PEDOT-PSS polythiophene-containing derivatives
• Examples of suitable electron transporting materials are disclosed, for example, in JP-A 63070257, JP-A 63 175860, JP-A 2 135 359, JP-A 2 135 361, JP-A 2 209 988, JP-A 3 037 992 and JP -A 3,152,184.
• Preferred electron transporting materials are azole compounds, benzoquinone and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred are 2- (4-biphenyl) -5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1, 3,4-oxadiazole, benzoquinone, anthraquinone, Alq 3 , BCP and polyquinoline.
• the non-polymeric electrons can be mixed with a polymer as a polymeric binder.
• Suitable polymeric binders are polymers which do not exhibit strong absorption of light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Suitable polymers are the polymers already mentioned as polymeric binders with respect to the holes transporting materials.
• the layer (4) can serve both to facilitate the electron transport and as a buffer layer or as a barrier layer in order to avoid quenching of the exciton at the interfaces of the layers of the O-LEDs.
• the layer (4) improves the mobility of the electrons and reduces quenching of the exciton.
• Some of the materials mentioned above as materials transporting materials and transporting electrons may fulfill a number of functions. For example, some of the electron-conducting materials are at the same time hole-blocking materials if they have a deep HOMO.
• the charge transport layers can also be electronically doped in order to improve the transport properties of the materials used, on the one hand to make the layer thicknesses more generous (avoidance of pinholes / short circuits) and, on the other hand, to minimize the operating voltage of the device.
• the hole transport materials can be doped with electron acceptors, for example phthalocyanines or arylamines such as TPD or TDTA can be doped with tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ).
• the electron transport materials can be doped, for example, with alkali metals, for example Alq 3 with lithium.
• the electronic doping is known to the person skilled in the art and for example in W. Gao, A. Kahn, J. Appl.
• the cathode (5) is an electrode which serves to introduce electrons or negative charge carriers.
• the cathode may be any metal or non-metal that has a lower work function than the anode.
• Suitable materials for the cathodes are selected from the group consisting of alkali metals of group 1, for example Li, Cs, alkaline earth metals of group 2, metals of group 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, comprising the rare earth metals and the lanthanides and actives. halides.
• metals such as aluminum, indium, calcium, barium, Samari ⁇ um and magnesium and combinations (alloys) thereof can be used.
• lithium-containing organometallic compounds or LiF can be seen between the organic layer and the cathode to reduce the Radio ⁇ voltage (operating voltage).
• the OLED according to the present invention may additionally contain further layers which are known to the person skilled in the art.
• a layer can be applied between the layer (2) and the light-emitting layer (3), which facilitates the transport of the positive charge and / or adapts the band gap of the layers to one another.
• this further layer can serve as a protective layer.
• additional layers can be arranged between the light-emitting layer (3). and the layer (4) may be present in order to facilitate the transport of the negative charge and / or to adapt the band gap between the layers to one another.
• this layer can serve as a protective layer.
• the OLED according to the invention contains at least one of the further layers mentioned below: a hole injection layer between the anode (1) and the hole-transporting layer (2); a blocking layer for electrons and / or excitons between the hole-transporting layer (2) and the light-emitting layer (3); a blocking layer for holes and / or excitons between the light-emitting layer (3) and the electron-transporting layer (4); an electron injection layer between the electron-transporting layer (4) and the cathode (5).
• the OLED does not have all of the layers mentioned, for example an OLED with the layers (1) (anode), (3) (light-emitting layer) and (5) (cathode) is likewise suitable, wherein the functions of the layers (2) (hole-transporting layer) and (4) (electron-transporting layer) are taken over by the adjacent layers.
• OLEDs comprising layers (1), (2), (3) and (5) or layers (1), (3), (4) and (5) are also suitable.
• Suitable materials for the individual layers are known to those skilled in the art and e.g. disclosed in EP-A 1 245 659.
• each of the mentioned layers of the OLED according to the invention can be composed of two or more layers. Furthermore, it is possible that some or all of the layers (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) are surface-treated in order to increase the efficiency of the charge carrier transport. The selection of materials for each of said layers is preferably determined by obtaining an OLED having a high efficiency.
• the preparation of the OLEDs according to the invention can be carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art.
• the OLED is made suitable by sequential vapor deposition of the individual layers Substrate produced.
• Suitable substrates are, for example, glass or polymer films.
• vapor deposition conventional techniques can be used such as thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition and others.
• the organic layers in particular when polymers are used, can be coated from solutions or dispersions in suitable solvents, using coating techniques known to those skilled in the art.
• printing methods for applying the layers are suitable, suitable printing techniques being known to the person skilled in the art.
• the polymeric materials according to the present application are generally polymerized either directly on the preceding layer, with the desired film (the desired layer) comprising or consisting of at least one polymeric material used according to the invention or the polymeric material according to the invention being formed ,
• the application of the polymeric materials used according to the invention or of the polymeric materials according to the invention takes place from solution, wherein as organic solvents spielnem ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example methylene chloride, and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example methylene chloride, and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene are suitable.
• the application itself can take place by conventional techniques, for example spin coating, dewing by film-forming knife coating (screen printing technique), by application with an ink jet printer or by stamp printing, for example by PDMS 1, which is patterned by means of a silicone rubber stamp which is photochemically structured has been.
• the various layers have the following thicknesses: anode (1) 500 to 5000 ⁇ , preferably 1000 to 2000 ⁇ ; Hole-transporting layer (2) 50 to 1000 ⁇ , preferably 200 to 800 ⁇ , light-emitting layer (3) 10 to 1000 ⁇ , preferably 100 to 800 ⁇ , Electron-transporting layer (4) 10 to 1000 ⁇ , preferably 100 to 800 ⁇ , cathode (6) 200 to 10,000 ⁇ , preferably 300 to 5000 ⁇ .
• the position of the recombination zone of holes and electrons in the OLED according to the invention and thus the emission spectrum of the OLED can be influenced by the relative thickness of each layer.
• the thickness of the electron transport layer should preferably be selected so that the electron / holes recombination zone is in the light-emitting layer.
• the ratio of the layer thicknesses of the individual layers in the OLED depends on the materials used.
• the layer Additional layers which may be used are known to the person skilled in the art.
• OLEDs can be obtained with high efficiency.
• the efficiency of the OLEDs according to the invention can be further improved by optimizing the other layers.
• highly efficient cathodes such as Ca, Ba or LiF can be used.
• Shaped substrates and new charge-transporting materials which bring about a reduction in the operating voltage or an increase in the quantum efficiency can likewise be used in the OLEDs according to the invention.
• additional layers can be used in the OLEDs.
• additional layers may be present in the OLEDs to adjust the energy levels of the various layers and to facilitate electroluminescence.
• the OLEDs according to the invention can be used in all devices where electroluminescence is useful. Suitable devices are preferably selected from stationary and mobile screens. Stationary screens are, for example, screens of computers, televisions, screens in printers, kitchen appliances as well as billboards, lighting and information boards. Mobile screens include, for example, screens in cell phones, laptops, vehicles, and destination displays on buses and trains.
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention or the polymeric materials according to the invention can be used in OLEDs with inverse structure.
• the polymeric materials used according to the invention or the polymeric materials according to the invention are used again in these inverse OLEDs in the light-emitting layer.
• the construction of inverse OLEDs and the materials usually used therein are known to the person skilled in the art.
• the synthesis is carried out starting from 1, 2-phenylenediamine. After introducing the acetyl groups onto the amino functions, the amide obtained was introduced into the phenyl grouping in accordance with the instructions from Synthetic Communications, 2000, 30, 3651-3668 using a copper-catalyzed protocol. Without purification, the material was treated in boiling ethanolic KOH solution. The product was obtained by chromatography.
• the preparation of the required imidazolium salt was prepared by treating N 1 N'-diphenylbenzene-1, 2-diamine by Triethylameisenhoffreorthoester in the presence of ammonium tetrafluoroborate. Crystallization gave the material.
• the Ir complex (2) is formed as a mixture of the kinetically preferred meridional (mer) isomeric and the thermodynamically preferred facial (fac) isomeric.
• DTA (fac / mer-isomer mixture): In the measurement in air is rapid comminuted shows reduction at about 350 0 C. The decomposition of the sample in an inert gas begins at about 38O 0 C. (measuring conditions: under air: 28.0 / 5.0 (K / min) / 750.0, under inert gas: 30.0 / 5.00 (K / min) / 710).
• the emitter used is a complex of the formula 2 (see Examples 1 b and 1 c).
• a suitable polymer polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is used.
• the ITO substrate used as anode is first cleaned by boiling in isopropanol and acetone. In between, it is treated with ultrasound. Finally, the substrates are cleaning in a dishwasher with commercial detergents for LCD production (Deconex® ® 20NS and neutralizing agent 25ORGANACID ®) ge. To eliminate any remaining organic residues, the substrate is exposed to a continuous ozone flow for 25 minutes. This treatment also improves hole injection as the work function of the ITO increases.
• PEDT PSS (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonate)) (Baytron ® P VP Al 4083) spin-coated from aqueous solution to the sample. This results in a thickness of 46 nm.
• the emitter layer which consists of Chlorobenzene dissolved PMMA (Polymethacryl Acidmethylester) and the Emittersub ⁇ punch (complex 2, Examples 1 b and 1 c) composed. A 2% solution of PMMA in chlorobenzene is used. The dopant (emitter) is added to it in various concentrations.
• the 28% solution after spin coating gives a thickness of approximately 61 nm and the 40% solution gives a thickness of 77 nm.
• a mixture of isomers (fac / mer) (in each case Example 1b) of the emitter was used the facial isomer is the main component.
• a 30% solution was also prepared using the isomerically pure fac emitter (Example 1c). This solution gives a layer thickness of 27 nm after spin coating.
• BCP 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline
• electroluminescence spectra are recorded at different currents or voltages. Furthermore, the current-voltage characteristic is measured in combination with the radiated light output. The light output can then be converted into photometric variables by calibration with a luminance meter.

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