EP1729900B1 - Dispositif pour refroidir des toles et des feuillards - Google Patents

Dispositif pour refroidir des toles et des feuillards Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1729900B1
EP1729900B1 EP05707285A EP05707285A EP1729900B1 EP 1729900 B1 EP1729900 B1 EP 1729900B1 EP 05707285 A EP05707285 A EP 05707285A EP 05707285 A EP05707285 A EP 05707285A EP 1729900 B1 EP1729900 B1 EP 1729900B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
housing
coolant
gap
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05707285A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1729900A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen Bender
Markus Cramer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Siemag AG
Original Assignee
SMS Demag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Demag AG filed Critical SMS Demag AG
Publication of EP1729900A1 publication Critical patent/EP1729900A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1729900B1 publication Critical patent/EP1729900B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B45/0218—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0254—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet
    • B05C5/0262—Coating heads with slot-shaped outlet adjustable in width, i.e. having lips movable relative to each other in order to modify the slot width, e.g. to close it
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B45/0233—Spray nozzles, Nozzle headers; Spray systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cooling of sheets and strips during their production, in particular after their rolls, which has a supply line for supplying a cooling medium, in particular water, which is connected to a housing, wherein in the housing two relatively slidably arranged nozzle rails are present, which can be arranged at a clearance and thereby form a rectangular cross-section nozzle gap for the cooling medium.
  • spray bars For cooling of sheets and strips in their manufacture spray bars are known with staggered nozzles, with which it is possible to spray a defined water flow in a certain geometric shape on the rolling stock. Both the amount of water per time and the type of water jet are crucial for the desired cooling effect. Depending on the application, full jet, flat jet or Kege jet nozzles are used.
  • spray bars are configured with a plurality (up to several hundred) of individual nozzles to a cooling system, which form a cooling line in a sheet metal manufacturing plant.
  • Difficulties are the selection of a suitable nozzle type and the determination of the nozzle arrangement, which defines the spray pattern.
  • it is often quite complicated to place the individual nozzles and to arrange by means of screw elements or by means of welds or adhesions.
  • the disadvantage here is further that known nozzles of the type mentioned can easily clog and it is a high cost to expose them again.
  • a flat rolling-type cooling apparatus in which cooling is performed by means of a laminar-flow water curtain.
  • a specially designed slot nozzle is provided, which consists of two L-shaped, relatively displaceable elements.
  • the DE 32 15 248 A1 discloses an apparatus for creating a closed curtain of water for cooling belts and sheets.
  • a cooling device for sheets and strips of the type mentioned is in the JP-A 57 10 37 28 described.
  • the housing of the cooling device is supplied with cooling water by means of a supply line.
  • the housing accommodates two nozzle rails, which are arranged so as to be displaceable relative to one another and which can be positioned at a predetermined distance.
  • a rectangular cross-section nozzle gap is created through which the water is discharged under pressure and passed to the rolling stock to be cooled.
  • the setting of the distance the nozzle rails and thus the width of the nozzle gap is accomplished by an electric motor.
  • the invention is therefore the object of a device for cooling of sheets and strips of the type mentioned in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned are avoided, d. H. that an absolutely uniform loading of the sheet or the tape with cooling medium is ensured.
  • the solution of this object by the invention is characterized in that in a device for cooling of sheets and strips between the entry point of the cooling medium in the housing and the nozzle gap at least one element is arranged, which forms a barrier to the cooling medium.
  • the element is designed as a baffle plate, which deflects the flow of the cooling medium in the interior of the housing.
  • the element may be formed as a flat plate extending parallel to the nozzle rails.
  • the length of the element preferably corresponds substantially to the length of the nozzle rails - viewed in the direction transverse to the conveying direction of the sheet or strip.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the cooling medium is divided at the entry point into the housing into two symmetrical streams which are fed into two channels each a nozzle rail, wherein between the channel and nozzle rail or in channel at least one barrier element is arranged , It is particularly preferably provided that the element and a side facing away from the nozzle gap side of the nozzle rail forms a rectangular cross-section gap for the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium is conducted from the gap to the nozzle gap, with both streams of the cooling medium reunite at the point of entry at the nozzle gap.
  • the channels in cross section have an arcuate, in particular circular arc, course.
  • An alternative embodiment of the invention provides that the cooling medium is divided at the entry point into two symmetrical streams, which are supplied in two channels to the nozzle gap, wherein a single element is arranged so that it narrows the cross section of both channels.
  • the element is designed as a plate, which is arranged between two housing walls, resulting in two passage gaps with a defined width.
  • the proposed device is characterized by a simple construction, which can be realized in a cost effective manner.
  • the proposed nozzle system can be easily cleaned, resulting in a high availability and reliability.
  • Fig. 1 is a device 1 for cooling sheets or strips outlined in their preparation.
  • a sheet 16 is moved in the direction of conveyance R under the device 1 at a constant speed.
  • cooling medium in the form of water must be injected in a defined manner on the surface of the sheet 16, which is accomplished by the device 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the arrangement, wherein the sketched structure extends over a certain width perpendicular to the plane and the width of the device 1 is at least as large as the width of the sheet 16 to be cooled.
  • the device 1 To be able to inject cooling medium in the form of water in a defined manner on the surface of the sheet 16, the device 1, a housing 3, to which a supply line 2 is connected for water.
  • the water is conveyed within the housing 3 from the point of entry 7 of the water at the location of the supply line 2 to a nozzle gap 6, which is formed by two nozzle rails 4 and 5 arranged at a distance a from each other.
  • the two nozzle rails 4, 5 have in the cross section shown an L-shaped contour and can - which is not shown in detail - relative to each other in or against the conveying direction R are moved so that the desired clear distance a between the two legs 17th and 18 of the nozzle rails 4, 5 results.
  • the nozzle gap is defined by means of which it is possible to spray cooling medium in the form of a curtain of water on the sheet 16.
  • an element 8 is disposed within the housing 3 in the region of the flow path of the water between the entry point 7 and nozzle gap 6, which is a barrier to the water represents.
  • the element 8 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 formed as a baffle plate, which has the sketched rectangular contour and extends across the width of the device 1 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the water divides into two symmetrical streams 9 'and 9 ", which in two arcuate channels 10' and 10" in the region of the opposite sides 11 'and 11 "of the legs 17 and 18 of the nozzle rails 4 or 5.
  • the baffle plate 8 is arranged, which forms a barrier to the water, so that it can be used in accordance with the Fig. 1 redirected to registered arrows.
  • the water is guided through a rectangular cross-section gap 12 'or 12 ", which results between the opposite sides 11' and 11" and the baffle plate 8 'and 8 ", respectively, in the upper end region of this gap 12' or 12 "The water is deflected again and directed to the entry point 13 of the nozzle gap 6.
  • the two streams 9 'and 9 "of the water unite again and exit together through the die gap 6.
  • the sheet 16 to be cooled from below is preferably, but not exclusively, a cooling device used, as in Fig. 2 outlined.
  • the sheet 16 is also conveyed here in the conveying direction R by means of guide rollers 19, wherein it is acted upon by means of the device 1 from below with water.
  • the basic structure of the device which in Fig. 2 can be seen corresponds to that according to Fig. 1 ,
  • the water passes at the entry point 7 of the supply line 1 in the housing 3.
  • the two nozzle rails 4, 5 are again formed L-shaped here, between the two legs 17, 18 of the nozzle rails 4, 5, the distance a forms and the Width of the nozzle gap 6 defined.
  • the water branches again into two symmetrical streams 9 'and 9 ", which are conducted via respective channels 10', 10" within the housing 3 to the nozzle gap 6.
  • the element 8 is formed as a single flat plate, which is so introduced into the region of the channels 10 ', 10 "that form two housing walls 14' and 14" passage column 15 'and 15 ", the each having a width b. After passing through the passage gaps 15 'or 15 ", the two water streams 9' and 9" unite at the entry point 13 into the die gap 6 and pass through it together.
  • the proposed embodiment results in an absolutely uniform loading of the sheet 16 with cooling water and thus the ability to adjust the technological boundary conditions to achieve desired material properties and thus to increase the quality of the produced strip or sheet.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif (1) pour refroidir des tôles et des feuillards lors de leur fabrication, en particulier après leur laminage, qui comprend une conduite d'amenée (2) pour amener un fluide de refroidissement, en particulier de l'eau, qui est reliée à un boîtier (3), deux rails à buses, agencés en déplacement l'un par rapport à l'autre, étant prévus dans le boîtier (3), les rails pouvant être agencés à une distance libre (a) et former ici une fente de buses (6) à section de forme rectangulaire pour le fluide de refroidissement,
    caractérisé en ce que
    il est prévu au moins un élément (8), agencé dans le boîtier (3) entre le point d'entrée (7) du fluide de refroidissement dans le boîtier (3) et la fente de buses (6), qui forme une barrière pour le fluide de refroidissement.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément (8) est réalisé sous forme de baffle, qui dévie le flux du fluide de refroidissement à l'intérieur du boîtier (3).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément (8) est réalisé sous forme de plaque plane qui s'étend parallèlement aux rails à buses (4, 5).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que la longueur de l'élément (8) correspond essentiellement à celle des rails à buses (4, 5).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que le flux de refroidissement est subdivisé au point d'entrée (7) dans le boîtier (3) en deux courants symétriques (9', 9") qui sont amenés dans deux canaux (10', 10") d'un rail à buses respectif (4, 5), un élément respectif (8', 8") étant agencés dans le canal (10', 10") avant le rail à buses (4, 5) en direction d'écoulement.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément (8', 8") et un côté (11', 11 "), détourné de la fente de buses (6), du rail à buses (4, 5) forment une fente (12', 12") à section rectangulaire pour le fluide de refroidissement.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que le fluide de refroidissement est amené depuis la fente (12', 12") vers la fente de buses (6), les deux courants (9', 9") du fluide de refroidissement se réunissant à nouveau à l'emplacement d'entrée (13) à la fente de buses (6).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que les canaux présentent, au moins par tronçons, un tracé à section en forme d'arc, en particulier en forme d'arc circulaire.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que le fluide de refroidissement est subdivisé au point d'entrée (7) dans le boîtier (3) en deux courants symétriques (9', 9") qui sont amenés dans deux canaux (10', 10") à la fente de buses (6), et il est prévu un élément unique (8) agencé de telle façon qu'il rétrécit la section des deux canaux (10', 10").
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément (8) est réalisé comme une plaque, laquelle est agencée entre deux parois du boîtier (14', 14") de telle façon qu'il en résulte deux fentes traversantes (15', 15") avec une largeur définie (b).
EP05707285A 2004-03-29 2005-02-09 Dispositif pour refroidir des toles et des feuillards Active EP1729900B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004015741A DE102004015741A1 (de) 2004-03-29 2004-03-29 Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Blechen und Bändern
PCT/EP2005/001296 WO2005105334A1 (fr) 2004-03-29 2005-02-09 Dispositif pour refroidir des toles et des feuillards

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1729900A1 EP1729900A1 (fr) 2006-12-13
EP1729900B1 true EP1729900B1 (fr) 2008-12-03

Family

ID=34960505

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05707285A Active EP1729900B1 (fr) 2004-03-29 2005-02-09 Dispositif pour refroidir des toles et des feuillards

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US7690215B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1729900B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4781348B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101121995B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100471590C (fr)
AT (1) ATE416044T1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0509196A (fr)
CA (1) CA2561760C (fr)
DE (2) DE102004015741A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2315840T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2365443C2 (fr)
TW (1) TWI324540B (fr)
UA (1) UA85873C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005105334A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200605450B (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102703614B (zh) * 2012-06-11 2015-04-22 深圳市合川科技有限公司 一种喷剂式冷却系统
EP2783766A1 (fr) * 2013-03-25 2014-10-01 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Section de refroidissement avec rampe de pulvérisation inférieure
PL2987872T3 (pl) * 2013-04-17 2018-12-31 Scientific And Manufacturing Enterprise "Tomsk Electronic Company" Ltd. Urządzenie do termicznej obróbki szyn
CN107649525B (zh) * 2017-10-27 2019-07-05 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 防止滴液的喷射集管及冷轧系统
DE102017220891A1 (de) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-23 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren zum Kühlen eines metallischen Guts und Kühlbalken
US11273953B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2022-03-15 Rdp Group Limited Shipping pallet and/or deck useful for such
DE102018202843A1 (de) * 2018-02-26 2019-08-29 Sms Group Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung zum Kühlen eines zu kühlenden Guts

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JPS5824920Y2 (ja) * 1975-12-29 1983-05-28 新日本製鐵株式会社 キンゾクザイレイキヤクヨウセイリユウバンツキヘツダ−
JPS57103728A (en) * 1980-12-18 1982-06-28 Nippon Steel Corp Slit type laminar flow nozzle
JPS57195528A (en) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-01 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Cooling device for high temperature steel
JPS5868419A (ja) 1981-10-21 1983-04-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 鋼板冷却装置用スリツト形ノズル
DE3215248A1 (de) 1982-04-23 1983-10-27 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Wasser-kuehlvorrichtung fuer bleche und baender
JPS5970417A (ja) * 1982-10-14 1984-04-20 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> フラツトラミナ−フロ−用ノズルヘツダ−
DE3334251C2 (de) 1983-09-22 1986-04-10 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Wasservorhanges zum Kühlen von Blechen und Bändern
JPS60133911A (ja) 1983-12-21 1985-07-17 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 高温鋼材の冷却用スリツトノズル
GB2165784B (en) * 1984-10-24 1988-01-06 Nippon Kokan Kk Nozzle header for producing a flat laminar flow
DE3634188A1 (de) 1986-10-03 1988-04-14 Mannesmann Ag Vorrichtung zum kuehlen von flachem walzgut
JPH01139915U (fr) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-25
JP2618104B2 (ja) * 1991-03-25 1997-06-11 三菱電機株式会社 超微細凍結粒子の製造装置及び製造方法
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JPH0839126A (ja) 1994-07-29 1996-02-13 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd スリットラミナーフロー冷却設備
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CA2495801C (fr) * 2002-08-20 2011-02-15 The Boc Group, Inc. Tunnel de congelateur a ecoulement ameliore

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2561760A1 (fr) 2005-11-10
JP4781348B2 (ja) 2011-09-28
KR101121995B1 (ko) 2012-03-09
TWI324540B (en) 2010-05-11
ZA200605450B (en) 2007-09-26
CN1938111A (zh) 2007-03-28
JP2007530290A (ja) 2007-11-01
RU2365443C2 (ru) 2009-08-27
DE102004015741A1 (de) 2005-10-20
CA2561760C (fr) 2011-10-25
EP1729900A1 (fr) 2006-12-13
BRPI0509196A (pt) 2007-09-18
KR20060128923A (ko) 2006-12-14
RU2006133645A (ru) 2008-03-27
TW200531757A (en) 2005-10-01
CN100471590C (zh) 2009-03-25
DE502005006140D1 (de) 2009-01-15
ES2315840T3 (es) 2009-04-01
WO2005105334A1 (fr) 2005-11-10
US20080264073A1 (en) 2008-10-30
ATE416044T1 (de) 2008-12-15
US7690215B2 (en) 2010-04-06
UA85873C2 (uk) 2009-03-10

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