EP1697634B1 - Verfahren zum zünden der verbrennung eines kraftstoffes in einem verbrennungsraum eines motors, zugehörige vorrichtung und motor - Google Patents

Verfahren zum zünden der verbrennung eines kraftstoffes in einem verbrennungsraum eines motors, zugehörige vorrichtung und motor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1697634B1
EP1697634B1 EP04803290.8A EP04803290A EP1697634B1 EP 1697634 B1 EP1697634 B1 EP 1697634B1 EP 04803290 A EP04803290 A EP 04803290A EP 1697634 B1 EP1697634 B1 EP 1697634B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwave
combustion chamber
engine
combustion
fuel
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EP04803290.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1697634A1 (de
Inventor
Volker Gallatz
Nikita Hirsch
Irina Tarasova
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MWI MICRO WAVE IGNITION AG
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Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for igniting the combustion of a fuel in a combustion chamber of an engine as well as an associated ignition device and an associated engine.
  • spark plugs that ignite the fuel-air mixture.
  • These spark plugs may have one or more electrodes. Each of these electrodes generates a spark that ignites the fuel-air mixture in the immediate vicinity of the electrode. Accordingly, combustion first begins in a very small startup volume around the spark plug electrodes. Following this, the combustion spreads at a limited speed.
  • the US 4,113,315 describes a two-chamber ignition method in which the fuel-air mixture is ignited by an ignition source in a first, small ignition space and then ignited by the incoming flame propagation, the fuel-air mixture in the larger second space, the actual cylinder.
  • the US 4,499,872 shows a further development of this two-chamber ignition method in which a mixture of ionized water and fuel is ignited by means of magnetic fields and multiple ignition rods.
  • the two-chamber ignition method has in common that they require a high design and therefore manufacturing costs.
  • the US 5,983,871 describes a combination of the coupling of microwave and laser energy for the generation of the plasma. As a result, the complexity of the ignition device and the ignition method and the associated engine is further increased. The same applies to the US 6,581,581 which describes a combination of ignition by microwave plasma and magnetic ionization of the atomized fuel-air mixture.
  • the JP 55007972 A discloses an igniter in which microwaves are introduced into a combustion chamber to create standing waves there. In the cylinder head bosses are arranged. When the piston approaches top dead center, a flashover occurs which ignites the combustion. As a result of the several projections, a corresponding number of spots of ignition are formed.
  • the DE 199 14 941 C1 discloses a method and apparatus for microwave assisted mixture combustion in the combustion chamber of a compression ignition internal combustion engine in which combustion is assisted by microwave radiation into the combustion chamber. For this purpose, droplets of a thermally activatable by microwaves substance are introduced into the fuel mixture.
  • the US 4,446,826 A discloses an ignition device in which the combustion chamber is shaped such that resonant modes of the irradiated microwaves can form and thereby a plasma is generated.
  • the US 2,617,841 A discloses an ignition device in which a spark is generated by coupling in high-frequency waves.
  • the JP 59215967 A discloses a device for assisting the start-up of an internal combustion engine, wherein heating of fuel or substances promoting combustion is achieved by radiating a very high frequency electromagnetic wave into the combustion chamber.
  • the energy generated by an oscillator is guided via a waveguide to a horn antenna in the cylinder head and radiated from the latter via a window, which is permeable to this energy, for example made of refractory glass, into the combustion chamber.
  • the EP 0 680 243 A For example, a method of heating a chemical reactor using microwaves is known.
  • the DE 198 02 745 A1 discloses a microwave ignition and combustion assistance device for a fuel engine in which the combustion chamber acts as a resonator in terms of microwave technology.
  • the combustion chamber acts as a resonator in terms of microwave technology.
  • the piston axis rotationally symmetric modes or mode mixtures combustion is optimized.
  • a plasma is formed, which leads to a strong increase in the quality of the resonator and thus prevents an effective coupling of a microwave. Therefore, in the decaying combustion process, the coupling of a mode leading to complete combustion of residual fuel and of combustion residues in the wall region of the combustion chamber leads.
  • the DE 198 02 745 A1 represents the closest prior art to the present invention.
  • the known methods have in common that they require complex and thus cost-intensive and maintenance-intensive constructions and moreover have only a limited life.
  • the efficiency and efficiency of the combustion process and thus of the motor driven thereby are also limited.
  • the pollutant emission is not sufficiently reduced.
  • leaning of the fuel-air mixture achieves a lower combustion temperature, which results in lower power.
  • the lower combustion temperature also leads to increased pollutant emissions.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for igniting the combustion of a fuel in a combustion chamber of an engine and an associated ignition device and an associated engine, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the ignition according to the invention should be such that results in an optimized combustion process, especially at a given power reduced fuel consumption and reduced pollutant emissions.
  • a mixture of fuel and an oxygen source for example a fuel-air mixture
  • an oxygen source for example a fuel-air mixture
  • the movement of a piston in the cylinder, the fuel-air mixture is often compressed during the ignition process.
  • the coupling of the microwave radiation takes place in such a way that the most homogeneous possible energy density distribution results in the combustion chamber.
  • either the microwave window can be relatively large or a small-area microwave window can be used.
  • it may be advantageous to provide a diffuser device at the point of entry of the microwave radiation into the generally cylindrical combustion chamber for example to provide a suitable planar point, line or grid structure which measures the irradiation of the microwaves into the combustion chamber with an isotropic directional characteristic causes.
  • a predefinable energy density distribution in the combustion chamber can be achieved by the design of the diffuser.
  • the wavelength of the microwaves is preferably between 0.1 cm and 45 cm, in particular between 1 cm and 15 cm and typically between 3 cm and 10 cm.
  • the microwaves are coupled in pulses, with multiple microwave pulses being used for this purpose.
  • the power of the microwave pulses depends on the particular application and may for example be between one kilowatt and 70 kW.
  • the pulse duration can take place, for example, between 1 nsec and 2 msec, the pulse interval of the microwave pulses typically being between 100 nsec and 2 msec.
  • the supplied microwave energy is used directly for the simultaneous and uniform ignition of the entire fuel-air mixture. Due to the relatively short pulse duration in relation to the speed of the piston movement, the change in the volume of the combustion chamber during the pulse duration is negligibly small.
  • the power of the microwave pulse must be chosen sufficiently high, so that enough ignition energy is coupled into the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel droplets present in the fuel-air mixture are heated to the ignition temperature and thereby ignited the mixture.
  • the generation of a plasma is avoided in the present invention.
  • the ignition does not occur at a single predetermined location in the combustion chamber and therefore does not then relatively slowly spread, but ignited in the entire combustion chamber, the entire fuel-air mixture almost simultaneously and evenly.
  • the combustion process of the fuel-air mixture in the internal combustion engine proceeds in two phases: In the first, relatively slow, so-called laminar phase, the laminar flame speed essentially limits the speed of the combustion process of the engine and thus the efficiency. Typical laminar flame speeds, especially of modern internal combustion engines with lean mixture compositions be about 10 cm / sec.
  • the laminar phase is followed by the so-called turbulent combustion phase as the second phase. From the viewpoint of the highest possible efficiency, the second turbulent combustion phase should always be achieved as quickly as possible. This is also the focus of some state-of-the-art efforts, which still require the completion of the first phase to reach the second phase.
  • the first, slow laminar combustion phase is completely skipped and the ignition immediately leads to the second, fast turbulent combustion phase.
  • the invention also relates to an ignition device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • an electrical power source is preferably a pulse high voltage power supply into consideration, which provides the energy required for the microwave pulses.
  • a microwave source for example, a magnetron, klystron, gyrotron, a traveling wave tube (TWT) or the like can be used. Any microwave connections are to be adapted in terms of their dimensions to the wavelength of the microwave source in order to keep reflections and line losses as small as possible.
  • the microwave line can also be made flexible.
  • a coupling device is arranged between the microwave source and the microwave window, which on the one hand transmits the microwaves transmitted by the microwave source to the microwave window, but on the other hand does not transmit the microwave reflected from the combustion chamber back into the microwave source.
  • this coupling device may comprise a three-port, in particular a circulator, at the first port of the microwave source, the second port of the microwave window and the third port of a preferably passive microwave consumer is connected.
  • the circulator has the function of forwarding microwave energy from the microwave source to the combustion chamber and at the same time radiating back from the combustion chamber Redirecting microwave energy to the passive microwave consumer, which absorbs the reflected microwave energy from the combustion chamber. This protects the microwave source from the reflected microwave radiation.
  • the circulator may include a gas-filled unloader to enhance the function of reducing returned microwave energy.
  • the microwave window is substantially permeable to the microwave energy, in particular, a high microwave power can be transported through, and on the other hand seals the combustion chamber to the outside.
  • a microwave window is a ceramic disk, a sapphire glass disk or other suitable material.
  • the microwave window may, for example, have planar or three-dimensional structures, preferably on the surface, for example by applying a metallic structure, by means of which a predeterminable radiation characteristic of the microwave energy into the combustion chamber is ensured.
  • the invention also relates to an engine having an ignition device which operates according to the ignition method according to the invention.
  • One particular embodiment is an Otto engine, Wankel engine, Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engine, or diesel engine, in which a fuel-air mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber.
  • SIDI Spark Ignition Direct Injection
  • the present invention leads to an optimal combustion of the fuel-air mixture in an engine according to the invention in that throughout the combustion chamber by the simultaneous and uniform ignition and combustion of the fuel-air mixture no first, slow laminar combustion phase arises, but the second, fast turbulent combustion phase is started immediately when ignited.
  • small turbulent, independently propagating ignition and combustion zones are generated in the entire combustion chamber, almost simultaneously in very large numbers. Accordingly, the fuel-air mixture is ignited almost simultaneously in the entire combustion chamber and then burned.
  • the fuel droplets present in the fuel-air mixture are gradually heated until the ignition temperature is reached.
  • the generally undesirable different temperature ranges are avoided in the combustion chamber, because the gradual increase in temperature leads to a homogenization and thus in the end to a virtually simultaneous and uniform ignition of the entire mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the principle also undesirable plasma generation is prevented by the multiple pulses.
  • the Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of an ignition device 1 according to the invention for an engine 2, also shown only schematically, of which only the cylinder 3 and the piston 4 moving up and down it is shown.
  • the piston 4 and the cylinder 3 delimit the combustion chamber 5, in which ideally a fuel-air mixture is evenly distributed.
  • the piston 4 is approximately at top dead center.
  • the ignition device 1 initially comprises a pulse high-voltage power supply 6, with whose energy the microwave source 7 is operated.
  • a first piece of a preferably flexible microwave line 8 is connected in a flange manner to a first connection flange 9 of the circulator 10.
  • the circulator 10 On the side opposite the first connection flange 9, the circulator 10 has a second connection flange 11, which is connected in a flange manner to a second microwave line 12, which is also preferably flexible and leads to the microwave window 13.
  • the microwave window 13 is fixed on the lateral surface of the cylinder 3 in such a way that the irradiation of the microwaves takes place in the combustion chamber 5 such that the most homogeneous possible energy density distribution in the combustion chamber 5 results.
  • the microwave window 13 is made of a ceramic disc inserted in the cylinder 3 such that the combustion chamber 5 is sealed to the outside.
  • the microwave window 13 may have, in particular on its side facing the combustion chamber 5, structures 14, by which a diffuse irradiation characteristic of the microwaves in the combustion chamber 5 is ensured.
  • the microwave energy supplied via the first connection flange 9 is fed virtually undamped via the second connection flange 11 to the microwave window 13 and thus coupled into the combustion space 5. Reflections occurring in the combustion chamber 5 can lead to a re-radiation of microwave energy via the second microwave line 12 and into the second connection flange 11.
  • the circulator 10 ensures in this case, a derivative of the microwave energy according to the arrow 16, namely not back into the first flange 9, but via a third flange 17, to which a third microwave line 18 is connected, the reflected energy flow to a passive microwave consumer 19 leads.
  • the connection flanges 9, 11, 17 of the circulator 10 may also be contrary to the representation in the Fig. 1 each be arranged symmetrically at an angular distance of 120 °.
  • the ignition method according to the invention was tested with an ignition device according to the invention on an internal combustion engine. It was a four-stroke Otto engine with four cylinders and a volume of 1,300 cm 3 . The engine power was 63 hp / 46.6 kW. When operating with a conventional ignition system, the fuel consumption was about 6.5 liters per 100 km.
  • the spark plugs were removed and replaced with ceramic washers as gaskets and microwave windows.
  • the structure of the ignition device 1 corresponded to the Fig. 1 ,
  • the combustion engine was mechanically connected to an electric generator, so it was possible to determine the engine power.
  • An ohmic load connected to the generator was located in a water analyzer.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show the performance of the engine as a function of the reduction in the fuel quantity in the fuel-air mixture (leaning) in three different operating ranges, namely at full load ( Fig. 2 ), Half load ( Fig. 3 ) and third-party load ( Fig. 4 .).
  • the factor of emaciation is to be understood as the fraction to which the proportion of fuel was reduced, in the representations of FIGS. 2 to 4 starting from 1/1 to 1 / 4.5-tel. It turns out that when operated with the ignition device according to the invention, the fuel content in the mixture can be emaciated by a factor of 3 even at full load, without the power is reduced; at third load, this factor is even 3.5.
  • the Fig. 5 shows the reduction of the carbon monoxide (CO) content in the exhaust gases of the engine according to the invention as a function of the concentration of the fuel in the fuel-air mixture.
  • concentration of CO at 0.05% by volume is significantly lower than that of the standard igniter type engine, where this value is about 0.20% by volume.
  • the CO content can once again be reduced to 0.02% by volume. This means a reduction of CO emissions by a factor of 10.
  • the inventive Ignition method only about 2.3 liters of gasoline per 100 km, thus only about a third of the consumption with conventional ignition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP04803290.8A 2003-12-01 2004-11-26 Verfahren zum zünden der verbrennung eines kraftstoffes in einem verbrennungsraum eines motors, zugehörige vorrichtung und motor Active EP1697634B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10356916A DE10356916B3 (de) 2003-12-01 2003-12-01 Verfahren zum Zünden der Verbrennung eines Kraftstoffes in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Motors, zugehörige Vorrichtung und Motor
PCT/EP2004/013421 WO2005059356A1 (de) 2003-12-01 2004-11-26 Verfahren zum zünden der verbrennung eines kraftstoffes in einem verbrennungsraum eines motors, zugehörige vorrichtung und motor

Publications (2)

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EP1697634A1 EP1697634A1 (de) 2006-09-06
EP1697634B1 true EP1697634B1 (de) 2019-01-23

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US (1) US7770551B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1697634B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2007512477A (zh)
KR (1) KR101233735B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1898468B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0417099B1 (zh)
DE (1) DE10356916B3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005059356A1 (zh)

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DE102009054177B4 (de) 2009-11-21 2020-12-10 Mwi Micro Wave Ignition Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine
CN101806242A (zh) * 2010-04-16 2010-08-18 孟金来 燃煤粉内燃机及可调控发电量的发电机
JP5866684B2 (ja) * 2010-06-02 2016-02-17 イマジニアリング株式会社 内燃機関の制御装置
CN102080619B (zh) * 2010-12-03 2012-05-23 清华大学 一种基于微波等离子体的发动机点火装置
CN102121447B (zh) * 2011-01-21 2013-04-03 电子科技大学 一种微波等离子体汽车发动机点火器
CN102278252A (zh) * 2011-05-13 2011-12-14 清华大学 一种基于电磁波谐振频率的发动机点火方法
US20130104861A1 (en) * 2011-10-27 2013-05-02 Southwest Research Institute Enhanced Combustion for Compression Ignition Engine Using Electromagnetic Energy Coupling
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CN102933016A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-02-13 吉林大学 车载燃料的等离子体微波功率合成系统
EP3064765A1 (de) 2015-03-03 2016-09-07 MWI Micro Wave Ignition AG Verbrennungsmotor
EP3064766A1 (de) * 2015-03-03 2016-09-07 MWI Micro Wave Ignition AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Mikrowellenenergie in einen Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotors
EP3064764B1 (de) * 2015-03-03 2020-09-02 MWI Micro Wave Ignition AG Mikrowellenzündkerze zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie
EP3064767A1 (de) 2015-03-03 2016-09-07 MWI Micro Wave Ignition AG Verfahren und zum Einbringen von Mikrowellenenergie in einen Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotors und Verbrennungsmotor
EP3101268B1 (de) 2015-06-01 2018-01-31 MWI Micro Wave Ignition AG Mikrowellenpulszündgenerator für eine verbrennungskraftmaschine
ES2861475T3 (es) * 2015-06-23 2021-10-06 Mwi Micro Wave Ignition Ag Motor de combustión interna de pistón rotativo
CN106762331B (zh) * 2016-12-16 2019-03-05 华中科技大学 一种微波辅助火花塞点火方法及其集成装置
CN108204316A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-26 李仕清 一种燃烧室壳体热循环装置
CN109209729A (zh) * 2018-09-18 2019-01-15 深圳市奥谱太赫兹技术研究院 一种可应用于发动机燃烧室的微波点火系统及方法
CN111828225B (zh) * 2020-06-24 2021-12-07 联合汽车电子有限公司 内驱点火系统的控制方法和控制电路
CN113915001A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2022-01-11 姚志勇 发动机微波激发火焰提高效率的方法
DE102022000797A1 (de) 2021-03-10 2022-09-15 Mathias Herrmann Zündkonzept und Verbrennungskonzept für Triebwerke und Raketen; möglichst effektive, bzw. gerichtete Anregung und Zündung mittels angepasster elektromagnetischer Strahlung bzw. elektromagnetischer Wellen (z. B. Radiowellen, Mikrowellen, Magnetwellen) und katalytischer Absorber zur Erhöhung des energetischen Wirkungsgrades und Schubes
DE102021001830A1 (de) 2021-04-09 2022-10-13 Mathias Herrmann Verfahrenskonzept für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (z.B. Otto- / Dieselmotoren), Turbinen und Brennräumen zur Steigerung und Regulierung elektromagnetischer Zündung (z.b. mittels Mikrowellen) Mit dem Ziel einer möglichst gerichteten und effektiven Verbrennung. - Konzept für "katalytische Raumzündung"

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DE19527873A1 (de) * 1995-07-29 1997-01-30 Eberspaecher J Einrichtung zum Erzeugen und Zünden eines Brennstoffdampf-Luft-Gemisches

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CN1898468B (zh) 2010-10-13
US20070240660A1 (en) 2007-10-18
BRPI0417099B1 (pt) 2016-11-01
KR20070026336A (ko) 2007-03-08
EP1697634A1 (de) 2006-09-06
BRPI0417099A (pt) 2007-03-13
CN1898468A (zh) 2007-01-17
WO2005059356A1 (de) 2005-06-30
JP2007512477A (ja) 2007-05-17
KR101233735B1 (ko) 2013-02-22
US7770551B2 (en) 2010-08-10
DE10356916B3 (de) 2005-06-23

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