EP1688224B2 - Couteau à mitre obtenu par refoulage-forgeage - Google Patents

Couteau à mitre obtenu par refoulage-forgeage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1688224B2
EP1688224B2 EP06001783.7A EP06001783A EP1688224B2 EP 1688224 B2 EP1688224 B2 EP 1688224B2 EP 06001783 A EP06001783 A EP 06001783A EP 1688224 B2 EP1688224 B2 EP 1688224B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
process according
blank
material layer
forging step
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP06001783.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1688224B1 (fr
EP1688224A1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dr. Droese
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zwilling JA Henckels AG
Original Assignee
Zwilling JA Henckels AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K11/00—Making cutlery wares; Making garden tools or the like
    • B21K11/02—Making cutlery wares; Making garden tools or the like knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B3/00—Hand knives with fixed blades

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a knife with a knife drop and a method for producing such a knife.
  • Knives of the aforementioned type and corresponding manufacturing methods are already known.
  • the knife consisting of knife edge, knife drop and knife blade, forged in one piece. Since the knife edge, knife drop and knife blade have considerable differences in their cross-sectional area, the largest cross-sectional area, ie usually that of the crop, is decisive for the choice of the blank cross-sectional area in the classical production method.
  • This blank section must then be rejuvenated to produce knife blade and Messererl by forging (drop forging), which has proven to be very expensive, since, for example, the cross-sectional areas of crop and cutting edge are very different.
  • the U.S. Patent 689,046 and the FR-PS 694 520 describe a knife and its manufacture, wherein knife edge, Knife drip and Messererl separated from each other, possibly made of different materials, forged and then welded together. Compared to the classical production method described above, the production costs are reduced. Due to process-related imprecise production of individual components, however, considerable reworking is also required here, especially at the joining surfaces for the welding process.
  • the EP-A-0429035 describes a knife and its manufacture, in which the knife edge, knife drip and Messererl also produced individually and then welded together.
  • the knife drop is not forged but sintered, whereby a more precise production of the crop and thus an improvement in the surface quality of the joining surfaces required for the subsequent welding process is possible.
  • Post-processing is usually not necessary here.
  • the individual components must be welded together after their preparation, whereby the number of steps is very high.
  • the sintering of the knife drop is quite expensive and takes a comparatively long time.
  • the document GB-A-692,042 describes a knife with an upset forged knife drip and its manufacture.
  • the knife according to the invention comprises a compression-forged knife drip.
  • compression forging the cross-section of the blank in the machined area is not reduced but rather increased, so that no longer the largest cross-sectional area, ie the cross-sectional area of the crop, is decisive for the choice of the blank cross-section.
  • a substantially flat blank can be used, the cross-sectional area of which corresponds to that of the knife edge and / or the knife edge. This blank is then compressed in the region of the knife drop to be produced, so that the blank folds up there until the desired larger cross-sectional area for the crop is generated.
  • a significant advantage is that when forging the blank only the Knife drip must be processed, but not knife edge and Messererl.
  • Knife handle and Messererl can be formed from a one-piece blank, but the production compared to the classical method of preparation is more precise and less expensive.
  • the preparation of a one-piece blank is compared to the production of several blanks to the effect that a joining of knife edge, Knife handle and Messererl is not required.
  • both work steps and the requirements for the joining surfaces required for welding are eliminated.
  • the knife edge, knife drop and knife blade are preferably integrally formed for the reasons mentioned.
  • the blank used advantageously comprises a plurality of layers of material, wherein at least one layer of material has a high hardness, preferably between 54 and 70 HRC, better still in the range of 66 HRC.
  • This at least one material layer with high hardness forms the cutting surface of the finished knife.
  • the material used is preferably steel, whose carbon content depends on its hardenability. The carbon content should not fall below 0.5 wt .-%, on the other hand, 2 wt .-% not exceed, otherwise the steel is too brittle and is therefore prone to breakage.
  • the steel may further include other alloying elements, such as Manganese, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium or tungsten include. Manganese makes the steel stronger and better forgeable.
  • Chromium also increases the strength of the steel, making it more resistant to abrasion through the formation of chromium carbides and increasing its corrosion resistance. From a chromium content of approx. 12%, a steel is considered to be rust-free or rust-resistant. Molybdenum increases the cutting and durability of the steel, especially in conjunction with vanadium. Tungsten finally increases the strength, increases the hardness and edge retention significantly. By choosing the alloying elements and their proportions special properties of the steel can be adjusted. However, hardness, cutting resistance and resistance to breakage are in the foreground, since this material layer is to form the cutting surface.
  • the at least one material layer with high hardness is preferably arranged in the core region of the blank and thus of the later produced cutler, so that the cutting surface of the knife to be produced is arranged centrally.
  • This hard material layer can also be arranged out-of-center, should this be desired.
  • the core region advantageously comprises at least 50% of the total knife edge thickness or the Retromesserinqueritess simulation so that, for example, when grinding or regrinding the finished knives actually the cutting surface is ground. In order that the core region is arranged as centrally as possible, the number of material layers is advantageously odd.
  • the remaining layers of material which preferably surround the hard core region, preferably have a lower hardness than the core region and are essentially free of rust.
  • the latter has the advantage that the carbonaceous steel of the core region, which tends to rust very much, is protected from the atmosphere by the surrounding stainless material layers.
  • the visible material layer transitions for example on the back of the knife, on the knife drop or on the knife edge, are preferably etched in order to make visible the pattern resulting from the multiple layering. This has essentially optical reasons.
  • the upset forged knife drop has due to the folding of the multi-layer blank on an individual pattern pronounced of Damascus steel.
  • the knife edge, knife drop and knife edge are preferably formed from a one-piece blank. In this way can be dispensed with after the forging on any joining operations. By the formation of the crop by compression forging is ensured even with one-piece blank that the production is precise and not too expensive.
  • the blank is preferably punched out of a multilayer sheet metal, heated by means of resistance heating and compressed or folded in the compression forging step in the region of the crop to be produced.
  • the compression forging step or the result of the compression forging step depends essentially on the compression path, the compression speed and the temperature control.
  • the temperature is preferably 1050 ° C, the temperature is material dependent.
  • the compression forging step is preferably followed by a precision forging step, in particular in order to work out individual contours of the knife drop exactly.
  • the result of the precision forging step depends essentially on the travel speed of the upper tool, the pressing force, the travel, the contact time and the coolant used.
  • the precision forging of the crop comprises only one stroke.
  • the knife contour is preferably trimmed or punched out.
  • the method described above allows a very precise and inexpensive production, the method comprises little process steps and manages without any joining steps. Power consumption, steel use, area and noise are significantly reduced.
  • the blank used for the method described above comprises, as described above, several layers, preferably with a centrally arranged steel layer with high hardness, which is ultimately to form the cutting surface of the knife.
  • a plurality of sheet metal layers are plated and cold rolled, so that sheets are formed from which the blanks can be punched out.
  • Fig. 1 shows a blank 10, which is used for carrying out a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the blank 10 is a strip of multi-layer steel, for example, 3-ply up to Damascus steel-like Clad composites, z. B. 33-ply.
  • the blank 10 has, in the middle of its cross-sectional area, a layer of high hardness steel, here 66 HRC. This material layer occupies about 50% of the total knife cutting thickness or Rescuerinquerites Structure and forms the cutting surface of the knife to be generated.
  • Fig. 1 shown blank 10 was punched out of a large, cold-rolled multi-layer steel sheet having the desired cross-sectional area of knife edge and Messererl. Accordingly, the blank 10 has the corresponding cross-sectional area.
  • Fig. 2 shows the in Fig. 1 shown blank 10 after performing the compression forging step according to the invention.
  • the material in the region 12 at which the knife drop to be produced is to be formed has been folded in such a way that the cross-sectional area in the region 12 has been increased in accordance with the desired cross-sectional area of the knife drop.
  • the areas 14 and 16, from which later knife edge and Messererl are generated, were not changed by the compression step substantially.
  • the upsetting is done by resistance heating. At this point it should be clear that the heating can also be done in other ways.
  • Fig. 3 shows the in Fig. 2 shown blank 10 now after performing a precision forging step, with the shape of the knife drop 18 was formed in the area 12.
  • Precision forging is performed by performing a single stroke. Furthermore, more than one stroke may be performed in the precision forging step, and it is of course preferred that the shape of the knife drop can be made sufficiently precise by a single stroke. As in Fig. 3 can be seen, remain the areas 14 and 16, from which the knife edge and knife ridge are produced, even during the performance of the precision forging step substantially unchanged.
  • Fig. 4 shows the finished part 20, which arises when the in Fig. 3 shown blank 10 is subjected to a trimming step.
  • this trimming step the respective contour of the knife edge 22, the knife drop 18 and the knife edge 24 is punched out.
  • Fig. 5 shows the Abgratteil 26 correspondingly produced by the trimming step
  • Fig. 6 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the compressed, multi-layered knife drop 18.
  • the substantially centered, ie in the core region arranged material layer 28 with high hardness extends meandering folded by the Knife Drip 18. It occupies about 50% of the cross-sectional area and is of other, much thinner and also folded material layers 30 surrounded in Fig. 6 however, are indicated only in certain areas.
  • layers of material 30 extend through the entire crop 18 above and below the material layer 28 and run in accordance with the deformation of the crop 18. These material layers 30 are softer than the material layer 28 and are resistant to corrosion in order to protect the material layer 28 from negative influences of the atmosphere.
  • the individual patterning can be brought to light by a corresponding polished section and by etching the ground surface, which in particular can be optically desirable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)

Claims (27)

  1. Couteau à mitre (18) forgée par refoulement, caractérisé en ce que le couteau comporte plusieurs couches de matériau (28, 30) et ce que
    les couches de matériau multiples (28, 30) sont un acier multicouche.
  2. Couteau suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tranchant (22), la mitre (18) et le manche (24) du couteau ont une réalisation monobloc.
  3. Couteau suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une couche de matériau (28) présente une dureté élevée.
  4. Couteau suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la dureté de cette au moins une couche de matériau (28) est de 54 à 70 HRC et est de préférence de l'ordre de 66 HRC.
  5. Couteau suivant l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la couche de matériau (28) de dureté élevée est un acier trempé avec un pourcentage de carbone compris entre 0,5% et 2%.
  6. Couteau suivant l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la au moins une couche de matériau (28) de dureté élevée est disposée essentiellement au centre dans une zone d'âme.
  7. Couteau suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la zone d'âme représente au moins 50% de l'épaisseur totale du tranchant du couteau.
  8. Couteau suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le nombre des couches de matériau (28, 30) est impair.
  9. Couteau suivant l'une des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les autres couches de matériau (30) présentent une dureté plus faible que la couche de matériau (28) de dureté élevée.
  10. Couteau suivant l'une des revendications 3 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les autres couches de matériau (30) sont essentiellement inoxydables.
  11. Couteau suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que des transitions visibles de couches de matériau sont au moins en partie décapées.
  12. Procédé de fabrication d'un couteau à mitre, une étape de forgeage par refoulement étant prévue pour la réalisation de la mitre (18), caractérisé en ce que l'ébauche (10), utilisée pour l'étape de forgeage par refoulement, comporte plusieurs couches de matériau (28, 30).
  13. Procédé suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'ébauche (10), utilisée pour l'étape de forgeage par refoulement, est préalablement chauffée.
  14. Procédé suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage de l'ébauche (10) s'effectue par chauffage par résistance.
  15. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'ébauche (10), utilisée pour l'étape de forgeage par refoulement, est laminée à froid.
  16. procédé suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 15, caractérisé en ce que l'ébauche (10), utilisée pour le forgeage par refoulement, comporte au moins une couche de matériau (28) de dureté élevée.
  17. Procédé suivant la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce cette au moins une couche de matériau (28) présente une dureté de 54 à 70 HRC, mieux encore une dureté de l'ordre de 66 HRC.
  18. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce que cette au moins une couche de matériau (28) est de l'acier trempé avec un pourcentage de carbone compris entre 0,5% et 2%.
  19. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce que cette au moins une couche de matériau (28) est prévue essentiellement au centre dans la zone d'âme de l'ébauche (10).
  20. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 16 à 19, caractérisé en ce que les autres couches de matériau (30) présentent une dureté plus faible que la couche de matériau (28) de dureté élevée.
  21. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 16 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les autres couches de matériau (30) sont essentiellement inoxydables.
  22. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 21, caractérisé en ce que l'ébauche (10), utilisée pour le forgeage par refoulement, est découpée à la matrice.
  23. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 22, caractérisé en ce que le tranchant (22), la mitre (18) et le manche (24) du couteau sont réalisés à partir d'une ébauche (10) monobloc.
  24. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de refoulement est suivie d'une étape de forgeage de précision pour une réalisation supplémentaire de la mitre (18).
  25. Procédé suivant la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de forgeage de précision comporte exactement une course.
  26. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 25, caractérisé en ce que le profil du couteau avec la mitre (18) est émorfilé.
  27. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 26, caractérisé en ce que des transitions visibles de couches de matériau sont au moins en partie décapées.
EP06001783.7A 2005-02-05 2006-01-28 Couteau à mitre obtenu par refoulage-forgeage Active EP1688224B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005005640A DE102005005640A1 (de) 2005-02-05 2005-02-05 Messer mit stauchgeschmiedetem Messerkropf

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1688224A1 EP1688224A1 (fr) 2006-08-09
EP1688224B1 EP1688224B1 (fr) 2008-02-27
EP1688224B2 true EP1688224B2 (fr) 2013-11-27

Family

ID=36152490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06001783.7A Active EP1688224B2 (fr) 2005-02-05 2006-01-28 Couteau à mitre obtenu par refoulage-forgeage

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20080092694A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1688224B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5009813B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20070099514A (fr)
CN (1) CN101080307B (fr)
DE (2) DE102005005640A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2300070T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006081993A1 (fr)

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DE102006042658A1 (de) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-27 Zwilling J. A. Henckels Ag Hackmesser mit stauchgeschmiedetem Kropf
DE102006049331A1 (de) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Ed. Wüsthof Dreizackwerk Verfahren zum Herstellen von Messern mit zwei Kröpfen
CN101216271B (zh) * 2007-01-04 2011-02-02 郭常喜 具多重花纹变化刀剑本体之制法
DE102008058125A1 (de) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-27 Zwilling J. A. Henckels Ag Verfahren und Vorprodukt zum Herstellen eines Messers
DE102009011173A1 (de) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-09 Bergfeld, Hans-Joachim, Dr. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schmiedeteils
CN201423664Y (zh) * 2009-05-19 2010-03-17 向军 复合材料刀片
DE102010046972A1 (de) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Zwilling J. A. Henckels Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Messers mit Kropf
US9186022B1 (en) * 2010-10-11 2015-11-17 Blendtec, Inc. Mixing blade for blending apparatus and methods
CN103264129A (zh) * 2013-06-03 2013-08-28 罗时根 改进大马士革千层钢板纹路的加工工艺
CN106891135B (zh) * 2017-03-29 2018-03-20 郑国荣 陨石宝剑的制备方法
SE541912C2 (en) * 2018-05-28 2020-01-07 Damasteel Ab Blank for a damascus patterned article

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1688224B1 (fr) 2008-02-27
EP1688224A1 (fr) 2006-08-09
CN101080307A (zh) 2007-11-28
KR20070099514A (ko) 2007-10-09
ES2300070T5 (es) 2014-03-18
JP2008528298A (ja) 2008-07-31
US20080092694A1 (en) 2008-04-24
CN101080307B (zh) 2010-10-13
JP5009813B2 (ja) 2012-08-22
DE102005005640A1 (de) 2006-09-14
DE502006000365D1 (de) 2008-04-10
ES2300070T3 (es) 2008-06-01
WO2006081993A1 (fr) 2006-08-10

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