Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
  • E05D7/00—Hinges or pivots of special construction
  • E05D7/08—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions
  • E05D7/082—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions the pivot axis of the wing being situated at a considerable distance from the edges of the wing, e.g. for balanced wings
  • E05D7/084—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions the pivot axis of the wing being situated at a considerable distance from the edges of the wing, e.g. for balanced wings with a movable pivot axis
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
  • E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
  • E04D13/035—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts
  • E04D13/0351—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts the parts pivoting about a fixed axis
  • E04D13/0354—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights characterised by having movable parts the parts pivoting about a fixed axis the parts being flat
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
  • E05D7/00—Hinges or pivots of special construction
  • E05D7/08—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions
  • E05D7/082—Hinges or pivots of special construction for use in suspensions comprising two spigots placed at opposite edges of the wing, especially at the top and the bottom, e.g. trunnions the pivot axis of the wing being situated at a considerable distance from the edges of the wing, e.g. for balanced wings
  • E05D7/086—Braking devices structurally combined with hinges
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
  • E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
  • E05F1/10—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
  • E05F1/1091—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a gas spring
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
  • E05D1/00—Pinless hinges; Substitutes for hinges
  • E05D1/04—Pinless hinges; Substitutes for hinges with guide members shaped as circular arcs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/404—Function thereof
  • E05Y2201/422—Function thereof for opening
  • E05Y2201/426—Function thereof for opening for the initial opening movement
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
  • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
  • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
  • E05Y2900/148—Windows
  • E05Y2900/152—Roof windows

Definitions

• the invention relates to a window comprising a frame and a sash, said sash being connected with the frame by means of a hinge device defining a hinge axis of the window, the frame and the sash each including a first pair of mutually opposite members, and a second pair of mutually opposite members, said hinge device connecting a respective frame and sash member of the second pair of frame and sash members, and a centre line being defined substantially midway between the one and the other of the members of said first pair.
• Windows of the pivoting or centre-hung type have found widespread acceptance, especially as roof windows, inter alia because this kind of window facilitates easy window cleaning, as the sash comprising the pane can be turned essentially 180° to allow cleaning of the outside surface of the pane from inside the building.
• a further advantage of this type of window is that it can be fully opened to a position where the sash is turned approximately 90° in which position air inlet is essentially unrestricted.
• a pivoting window provides for an easy operation, partly due to the position of the operating means at the top member of the sash, partly because the weight of the sash is substantially balanced with the hinge axis situated close to the cen- tre line of the window.
• the opening area restricted by the frame bottom and side members and the intersection with the sash including the window pane at the hinge axis is, of course, substantially smaller than in a top-hung window of the same size.
• This entails, i.a., that pivoting windows are not or only rarely used when a large opening area as defined in the above is desired.
• Such desired applications may e.g. include the use of the window as an emergency escape or emergency access.
• 679774, 679775, 679776 and 972885 each discloses a window, in which a sash is carried in an auxiliary frame or a set of arms.
• the auxiliary frame or each arm is at one end hingedly connected with the frame top member and at its other end with the sash.
• the sash is furthermore connected with the frame by means of cooperating sliding means.
• the window may serve as a top-hung window, in which the arms move synchronically with the sash, which is thus rotated about the hinge connection at the frame top member, or as a tilting window.
• the design is rather elaborate.
• a window in which the advantages of a top-hung and a pivoting window are combined, but which at the same time is of a simple structure, which may be produced in a cost-effective manner and which is easy to operate.
• the hinge device comprises a set of pivot hinges mounted in such a position that the hinge axis is situated between said centre line and said one member of said first pair and that the window further comprises at least one auxiliary opening device as well as check means restricting the movement of the window during opening and/or closing thereof.
• a substantially lar- ger opening is obtained, while at the same time, the window is easy to operate.
• the same pivot hinge used in existing pivoting window may be placed in another position of the frame and sash side members.
• By the provision of a larger opening it be- comes possible to utilize the window as an emergency escape. In a traditional pivoting window, this would have required either choosing a larger model of the window, which is not always feasible or desirable, or a top-hung window with the disadvantages listed in the above.
• a further advantage of moving the hinge axis to a position above the centre line is, that the upper part of the window standing out into the room behind the window becomes smaller. This entails that the risk of e.g.
• the window is therefore further provided with an auxiliary opening device which helps to overcome the extra burden of having to lift a greater part of the weight of the window during operation thereof.
• the auxiliary opening devices may, however, make it difficult or impossible to leave the window in a half-open position and the window according to the invention it therefore further provided with check means.
• the check means restricts the movement of the window, making it easier to control the window during operation thereof, but the braking effect should never be so, that the window seems to be locked or blocked.
• this use of an auxiliary opening device and check means counteracting each other seems disadvantageous, but has surprisingly shown to allow easy operation of the windows.
• the window Even if the window is in the fully open position, allowing the use as an emergency exit, it may be arrested without the use of additional means such as stays. Further, the window may even from this fully open, arrested position be closed manually without overex- ertion on the part of the user.
• the need for both the aid of the auxiliary opening device and the braking effect of the check means may vary, they may have characteristics allowing each of them to e.g. work only in certain opening intervals .
• one end of said auxiliary opening device is connected with an upper or side face of one of the frame members of said second pair, and the other end of said auxiliary opening device is connected with a side or lower face of the corresponding sash member.
• Such an auxiliary opening device may include at least one pressure medium operated cylinder with an operating rod.
• This is a structurally simple and inexpensive opening device which may be connected with the frame and the sash in a simple manner.
• the auxiliary openings device comprises two cylinders arranged one on each side of the window. This constitutes a well balanced construction and allows the use of two relatively cheap standard type cylinders in stead of e.g. one more powerful cylinder. Further the use of two smaller cylinders gives the window a light and sym- metrical appearance and may thus be preferable from an aesthetic point of view.
• the two cylinders may also be provided to yield different forces and/or have different characteristics.
• Other types of auxiliary opening devices such as chain openers may also be preferred.
• the window is provided with means for automatic or semi-automatic opening.
• the connection between the cylinder and the frame may be releasable.
• at least one member of the second pair of frame and/or sash members is provided with a groove allowing the auxiliary openings device to move during operation of the window.
• the auxiliary opening device may comprise a spring connected with the hinge device. This design makes it possible to position the auxiliary opening device virtually completely disguised.
• the check means may be an integrated part of at least one of said hinges, whereby they may be co - pletely disguised and protected from the weather.
• the check means may be a pressure medium operated cylinder or some other means restricting to opening of the window.
• the hinge axis is positioned in the interval between 1/3 and 2/3 of the distance between the centre line and said one member of said first pair. This provides for a good balance between a relatively large opening on the one hand and a satis- factory operability of the window on the other.
• An embodiment where the hinge axis is positioned at approximately 1/4 of the distance between the centre line and said one member of said first pair may be particularly preferable.
• the auxiliary opening device and/or said check means may be arranged in an at least partly concealed manner.
• One way of achieving this, is by arranging said auxiliary opening device and/or said check means between the frame and/or sash and at least one cladding protecting one or both of them from the weather.
• Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a window according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic side view of a win- dow according to the invention
• Fig. 3a and 3b shows a side view of an embodiment of the window according to the invention
• Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a frame hav- ing grooves for holding two auxiliary opening devices
• Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a window according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic side view of a win- dow according to the invention
• Fig. 3a and 3b shows a side view of an embodiment of the window according to the invention
• Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a frame hav- ing grooves for holding two auxiliary opening devices
• Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a window according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic side view of a win- dow according to the invention
• Fig. 3a and 3b shows a side view of an embodiment of
• FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an embodi- ment of a hinge with check means according to the invention.
• the window shown in Fig. 1 comprises a frame 1 with a first and a second pair of mutually opposite frame members.
• the first pair consists of one member in the form of a top member 3 and another member in the form of a bottom member 4.
• the two members of the second pair constitutes side members 5 and 6, each extending between the top and bottom members 3 and 4 to form a substantially rectangular frame 1 intended to be built-in in e.g. an inclined roof (not shown) .
• a sash generally designated 2 is constructed in a similar manner with a top member 7, a bottom member 8 and side members 9, 10. In the sash 2 a window pane
• the sash 2 is connected with the frame 1 by means of a hinge device, which in the embodiment shown comprises a set of hinges, of which one hinge
• Each hinge 12 thus includes a first member for connection with the frame side member 5, 6 and a second member for connection with the sash side 9, 10 member of the second pair, and the hinge 12 includes cooperating pins and guides as disclosed in further detail in the above-mentioned European patent.
• the use of a pivot hinge, in particular with cooperating pins and guides, makes it possible to establish an overlap between the sash and the frame in the closed position of the window, without the use of elaborate devices such as linkage mechanisms.
• the set of hinges 12 define a hinge axis 13 extending substantially perpendicular to the plane of the Fig. 2.
• the hinges 12 are positioned between the top members 3 and 7 of the frame 1 and the sash 2, respectively, and a centre line 14 of the window.
• the centre line 14 is situated substantially midway between the top and bottom members 3 and 4 of the frame 1, corresponding in substance to the position midway between the top and bottom members 7 and 8 of the sash 2.
• the position of the hinge axis 13 is chosen in such a way that a suitable balance between ease of operation of the window and a suitable opening defined by the bottom member 4, the side members 5 and 6, and the intersection of the sash 2 including the pane 11 at the hinge axis 13.
• the distance d between the hinge axis 13 and the centre line 14 of the window lies in the in- terval between 1/3 and 2/3 of the distance between the centre line 14 and the top member 3 of the frame 1.
• the operating means comprises a handle bar 15 on the sash top member 7.
• the handle bar 15 includes engagement means for cooperation with engagement means on the frame top member 3.
• the sash 2 is not balanced in relation to the frame 1, as is the case in a traditional pivoting window.
• the force to be exerted by the user when opening the window according to the invention is thus larger than in a traditional window. Therefore, as illustrated in Fig. 3a and 3b, an auxiliary opening device 120 is provided. In this embodiment, only differences with respect to the embodiment of Fig. 2 will be described in detail .
• the auxiliary opening device 120 includes a pressure medium operated cylinder 124 with an operating rod 123.
• the cylinder 124 is rotationally connected with the frame side member 106 at 122, and at 121 the operating rod 123 is rotationally connected with the sash side member 110.
• the cylinder 124' may also be connected with and upwards facing surface of the frame 101' or a groove 130' therein.
• the operat- ing rod 123' may also be connected with a side surface of the sash 102'.
• auxiliary opening device 120, 120' in Fig. 3a and 3b is shown arranged between side members 106,110 of the frame and sash, respectively, but it is to be understood, that it may also be arranged between the top members 103,107 or the bottom members 104,108 of the frame and sash, respectively. Further, it is to be understood, that the auxiliary opening device might also be arranged at other positions in relation to the side members e.g.
• the auxiliary opening device should, however, be arranged with due consideration of the type of device used, the aesthetics of the windows etc .
• the operating means of this embodiment com- prises a handle 115 placed on the sash bottom member 108.
• engagement means on the sash bottom member 108 are engaged and disengaged with corresponding engagement means on the frame bottom member 104.
• the cylinder 124 and the op- erating rod 123 provides a supplementary torque that helps to rotate the sash 102 with respect to the frame 101. As may be seen more clearly in Fig.
• each of the frame members 205,206 of the second pair, to which the auxiliary opening devices are to be attached is provided with a groove 230.
• the entire cylinder (not shown) will be held in the groove, and during opening of the window, it will be swung out of the groove as shown in Fig. 3a and 3b.
• the groove 230 is arranged relatively close to the hinge 212.
• auxiliary opening device might alternatively be connected with the sash member and the operating rod with the frame member, just as the precise position of the auxiliary opening device may vary.
• the auxiliary opening device may comprise a spring such as e.g. a torsion spring connected with the hinge device.
• Fig. 5 shows a possible embodiment of a hinge for use in a window according to the invention.
• the hinge comprises two main hinge members 301 and 302 intended for mounting on the frame and sash, respectively.
• Mounted on the frame hinge member 301 is a leaf spring 303.
• a pin 305 on the sash hinge member 302 will travel along the spring 303 and due to the limited space between the spring and the guide 306 lying above the spring in Fig. 5, the pin will be forced against the spring.
• the spring thus constantly exerts a pressure against the pin causing a checking of the window.
• the window may thus be left in any desired position and will stay there irrespective of the action of gravity.
• the spring force should be strong enough to keep the window in a desired position.
• the action of the spring should thus correspond to the action of gravity on the part of the sash and pane not balanced by a corresponding part on the opposite side of the hinge axis, the action of the spring accordingly cor- responding to the gravitational action on half the sash and pane when the hinge axis is positioned at 1/4 of the distance between the centre line and one of the sash members .
• the spring should also be able to keep the window in position against wind forces. To achieve this, the spring force may be even stronger than mentioned above.
• the spring 303 may also be provided with a number of depressions 304.
• the pin 305 When reaching one of these depressions the pin 305 will settle into the depression and an extra force therefore has to be exerted to move the window any further.
• the force needed to bring the pin out of the depression should be large enough to prevent the window from being moved by normal wind forces, but it should still be possible for the user of the window to overcome the force .
• the shown depressions 304 are evenly spaced. They may, however, also be arranged corresponding to the window being kept in specially desired positions such as an only slightly open ventilating position, a more open airing position and a fully open emergency escape position. Additionally a position where the top of the sash does not project into the room behind the window may be desirable where the window is to fitted with an insect screen, a roller blind or the like.
• the guide 306 might be provided with one or more projecting resilient members.
• the pin 305 When opening the window the pin 305 would then travel along the guide meeting little or no resistance until reaching the projecting member. To travel further the pin would have to force aside the resilient member, the necessary force depending on the material and design of the latter.
• the check means may comprise more independent means such as e.g. the combination of a hinge spring and a stay arm or the like causing friction during opening of the window.
• the window may be built-in in a facade, and the sash may be hingedly connected with the frame with the hinge axis extending in parallel with the side members of the frame and the sash.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
• Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
• Hinges (AREA)
• Image Generation (AREA)
• Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
• Image Analysis (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Related Child Applications (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=34042642

Family Applications (4)

Family Applications Before (1)

Family Applications After (2)

Country Status (7)

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Family Cites Families (16)

• 2004
  • 2004-08-19 PL PL04762775T patent/PL1685304T3/pl unknown
  • 2004-08-19 EP EP10181028.1A patent/EP2280143B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2004-08-19 AT AT04762774T patent/ATE347641T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-08-19 AT AT04388056T patent/ATE335907T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-08-19 PL PL04762774T patent/PL1656484T3/pl unknown
  • 2004-08-19 EP EP04762775.7A patent/EP1685304B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2004-08-19 CN CN2004800233415A patent/CN1836084B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-08-19 EP EP04388056A patent/EP1508663B1/de not_active Revoked
  • 2004-08-19 PL PL04388056T patent/PL1508663T3/pl unknown
  • 2004-08-19 DE DE602004001822T patent/DE602004001822T2/de active Active
  • 2004-08-19 EP EP04762774A patent/EP1656484B1/de active Active
  • 2004-08-19 WO PCT/DK2004/000550 patent/WO2005019562A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2004-08-19 ES ES04388056T patent/ES2270325T3/es active Active
  • 2004-08-19 DE DE602004003591T patent/DE602004003591T2/de active Active
  • 2004-08-19 CN CN2004800233449A patent/CN1853025B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-08-20 CN CNU2004200870961U patent/CN2734948Y/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-08-20 CN CNU2004200870872U patent/CN2734947Y/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime

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