EP1678016B1 - Vorrichtung zur verhinderung von verkehrsunfällen, an denen mindestens ein kraftfahrzeug beteiligt ist - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur verhinderung von verkehrsunfällen, an denen mindestens ein kraftfahrzeug beteiligt ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1678016B1
EP1678016B1 EP04793679A EP04793679A EP1678016B1 EP 1678016 B1 EP1678016 B1 EP 1678016B1 EP 04793679 A EP04793679 A EP 04793679A EP 04793679 A EP04793679 A EP 04793679A EP 1678016 B1 EP1678016 B1 EP 1678016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
sensor
vehicle according
motor vehicle
road user
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Not-in-force
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EP04793679A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1678016A1 (de
Inventor
Freek Ton
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Intertruck Benelux BV
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Intertruck Benelux BV
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Priority to PL04793679T priority Critical patent/PL1678016T3/pl
Publication of EP1678016A1 publication Critical patent/EP1678016A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q9/00—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling
    • B60Q9/008—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling for anti-collision purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9315—Monitoring blind spots

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vehicle with four or more wheels provided with a device for avoiding traffic accidents where the vehicle and other type of road user are involved according to claim 1.
  • a motor vehicle in particular a commercial vehicle
  • another road user in particular a cyclist or pedestrian
  • the driver of a motor vehicle has a view of the traffic in front of the motor vehicle and the traffic alongside the driver's cab via the windows of the cab.
  • one or more mirrors are fitted. These are the rear view mirror that provides the driver with a view to the rear through the motor vehicle via the rear window and/or the side mirrors that provide the driver with a view to the rear along the motor vehicle.
  • guards are being fitted on an increasing number of motor vehicles by means of which the space between the wheels is closed off in such a way that a pedestrian or cyclist is pushed away by such a guard and it is thus more difficult for such a pedestrian or cyclist to end up under the wheels.
  • Such guards are described, for example, in GB 2 142 595 and DE 196 44 220 .
  • blind spot mirror This mirror is fitted (usually in addition to the mirrors already present) in such a way that, via this mirror, the driver has a better view of the area immediately alongside the cab and alongside the side of the motor vehicle, where cyclists or pedestrians can be present.
  • a mirror is, for example, disclosed in JP2002178832 .
  • a first disadvantage of cameras is that, as in the case of the blind spot mirror, it is not possible to make the entire region in the immediate vicinity of the motor vehicle visible to the driver under all circumstances.
  • a further disadvantage is that the driver not only has to look around and has to pay attention to the traffic that is immediately visible and has to look in the.mirrors for any road users who are not immediately visible, but also has to pay attention to the monitor. As a result of the enforced dividing of attention, there is once again a risk of accidents, so that the advantages of the camera are at least partially eliminated.
  • Combinations of one or more of the measures described above have also not yet led to the dramatic reduction in the number of accidents that is sought.
  • Combinations of mirrors and cameras can be found, for example, in DE 100 61 781 .
  • the aim of the invention is to reduce the risk of accidents in traffic situations where a driver of a motor vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle and even more particularly a combination of tractor and trailer, has to manoeuvre his or her motor vehicle in the immediate vicinity of other road users, in particular pedestrians and users of two-wheeled vehicles, such as, more particularly, bicycles and mopeds.
  • one of the proximity sensors is constructed as a pressure sensor, by means of which the presence of an object that is pressing against the side of the motor vehicle (and thus is zero distance away from the side) can be detected. As soon as a light pressure is exerted on the sensor by another road user, an alarm signal is generated in the cab.
  • the invention comprises not only the use of one or more pressure sensors, but also at least one further sensor that is sensitive to radiation, in particular infrared radiation, and/or sensitive to electromagnetic waves, in particular in the radar frequencies, by means of which the presence of a road user in the vicinity of a side of the vehicle can be detected.
  • the combination of different types of sensors makes the device more reliable and enables prevention of hazardous situations in multiple circumstances, before an actual accident happens.
  • a pressure sensor is fitted on both sides of the motor vehicle. Although in general there is less risk of accidents when turning left, it is nevertheless useful to install a sensor here as well.
  • Pressure sensors exist in various embodiments.
  • a very simple embodiment consists of a simple switch.
  • the pressure sensor is pressure-sensitive over an elongated surface. More particularly, it is preferable that the sensor is pressure-sensitive over virtually the entire length of the side concerned. Sensors that are pressure-sensitive over a large surface area are known per se.
  • the height at which the sensor is fitted on/in the side of the motor vehicle must preferably be so chosen that a signal is emitted both in the case of large and in the case of small road users if these come into contact with the side of the motor vehicle. It is then also important that the sensor is a predetermined height above the road.
  • the invention can advantageously be used in combination with other measures already known per se.
  • the invention is used with a motor vehicle that is provided with a safety guard on one side in/by the space between the wheels, wherein at least one of the sensors or a part thereof is mounted on the guard.
  • the link between the pressure sensor and the alarm sounding device is a wireless communication link.
  • Figure 1 shows, diagrammatically, a plan view of the potentially dangerous situation that can arise if a motor vehicle wants to turn right while there is another road user in the immediate vicinity of the motor vehicle.
  • the motor vehicle is indicated in general by 10.
  • the front wheels of the motor vehicle will follow the path indicated by the broken line 18.
  • the rear wheels of the motor vehicle on the other hand, will follow the path 20 which differs therefrom.
  • the risk that the motor vehicle collides with the cyclist when turning is not hypothetical.
  • FIG. 2 a device, a first very simple embodiment of which is shown diagrammatically in Figure 2 .
  • a small type of commercial vehicle is indicated in general by 22.
  • the motor vehicle is provided with front wheels 24 and rear wheels 26, there being an open space 28 between the front wheels and rear wheels, in particular behind the cab 30 and below the loading platform 32 of the motor vehicle 22.
  • a pressure-sensitive sensor 33 is now mounted in the vicinity of this space, in or on the side of the motor vehicle 22.
  • This sensor 33 is linked to an alarm sounding device 36 via a link 34 indicated by a broken line.
  • the alarm sounding device is positioned in the cab 30 of the motor vehicle 22 and if the sensor 33 is activated can, for example, emit an acoustic signal or other type of signal to warn the driver.
  • the driver is then made aware by means of the signal from the alarm sounding device 36 of the situation that has arisen, so that he or she can react by, for example, stepping on the brake to bring the motor vehicle to a stop.
  • the sensor 33 there will be a circuit between the sensor 33 and the alarm sounding device 36 by means of which the detection signal from the sensor 33 is converted into a control signal for the alarm sounding device 36.
  • This circuit which, for example, can be combined with the alarm sounding device, is not shown separately in the figure.
  • FIG. 3 a second embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown diagrammatically, in which the same motor vehicle as in Figure 2 is now provided with an elongated sensor 38. Sensors that are pressure-sensitive over a large surface area, for example an elongated surface, are known per se and are commercially available and therefore require no more detailed explanation.
  • the sensor 38 has a length such that the entire top boundary of the gap 28 is monitored.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application of the invention with a tractor/trailer combination that is indicated in general by 40.
  • the tractor 50 runs on the wheels 42 and 43, whilst the front of the trailer 52 bears on the tractor 50 and the rear of the trailer 52 runs on a set of wheels 46/48.
  • the space 54 to be protected is located between the wheels 44 and 46.
  • an elongated sensor 56 is mounted against the side of the trailer 52.
  • This sensor 56 is linked to the alarm sounding device 60 via the link 58.
  • the sensor preferably has a length such that it also extends above the wheels 46 and 48 of the trailer 52. The immediate surroundings of these wheels also constitute a potentially dangerous place for a pedestrian or cyclist.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be used in combination with other protection methods, such as, for example, in combination with a safety guard.
  • a safety guard One example of this is shown in Figure 5 .
  • the same combination 40 of tractor 50 and trailer 52 as shown in Figure 4 is now provided with a safety guard 62.
  • the elongated pressure-sensitive sensor 64 according to the invention is mounted on one of the horizontal parts of the guard 62.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the sensor is now at a height above the road surface that better corresponds to the height of smaller road users such as children.
  • An improvement in this embodiment can be achieved by installing several sensors, each at a different height above the road surface.
  • a sensor could be installed on each of these elements. All these sensors are then connected in parallel (via a suitable circuit) to the alarm sounding device 60.
  • the alarm sounding device is actuated on activation of at least one sensor.
  • the detection sensitivity of the device in the height direction increases by this means.
  • the embodiment in Figure 5 has the disadvantage that it is not the entire length of the trailer that is monitored but only that part that corresponds to the length of the guard 62.
  • This disadvantage could be eliminated by installing a further sensor on the side of the trailer in the manner as shown in Figure 4 .
  • this disadvantage can also be eliminated by extending at least one of the horizontal parts of the guard 62 in such a way that this part extends over (virtually) the entire length of the trailer 52.
  • An example of such an embodiment is shown diagrammatically in Figure 6 .
  • FIG. 6 the same combination 40 of tractor 50 and trailer 52 is shown, but now provided with a modified safety guard 66, one of the horizontal parts of which (in particular the bottom horizontal part) extends past the wheels 46 and 48 as far as a point near the rear of the trailer 52.
  • an elongated sensor 68 is attached to this extended horizontal part.
  • the sensor 68 has approximately the same length as the extended horizontal part.
  • the detection field of the sensor 66 extends over virtually the entire length of the trailer 52.
  • all horizontal parts of the guard 66 can be extended in a similar way beyond the wheels 46 and 48 as far as a point near the rear of the trailer 52, it being possible for an elongated pressure-sensitive sensor to be installed on each of these extended parts.
  • the detection field of the device is increased not only in the longitudinal direction but also in the height direction.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 further sensors can optionally also be mounted on the side of the trailer itself, in addition to the sensor(s) on the safety guard. Furthermore, for all embodiments one or more sensors can also be installed on the cab of the motor vehicle. As an example of this in Figure 6 a further pressure-sensitive elongated sensor 70 is installed on the side of the tractor 50. If the bodywork of the motor vehicle is suitable for this the sensor can then be mounted directly thereon. In the example shown, however, it will be necessary to fit a suitable support element beneath the cab 50 and past the wheels 42 and 44, which support element can then serve as support for the sensor 70. The sensor 70 is connected to the alarm sounding device 60 via a further link 72. As can be seen in the figure, virtually the entire side of the tractor/trailer combination 40 is protected with the aid of the two sensors 66 and 70.
  • a passive infrared sensor can be mounted in or on the side of a motor vehicle. This sensor emits a signal to a signal-processing circuit that is set such that an actuating signal is transmitted to the alarm sounding device only if an object irradiating infrared, such as a pedestrian or cyclist or another road user, is a very short distance away from the sensor. In order to prevent false alarms as far as possible, the said distance is, for example, set to a maximum of 10 or 15 cm. Passive infrared sensors are known per se and are commercially available.
  • a number of sensors can be positioned next to one another in an elongated configuration or an elongated strip consisting of or provided with infrared-sensitive material can be used.
  • Such a sensor can be used in the same way as has been shown for a pressure-sensitive sensor with the aid of Figures 2-6 .
  • a further sensor is an active sensor that operates with high frequency electromagnetic radiation, such as a radar transmitter/receiver combination.
  • sensors are also known per se and are commercially available.
  • This sensor emits a signal to a signal-processing circuit that is set such that an activation signal is transmitted to the alarm sounding device only if a reflecting object, such as a pedestrian or cyclist or another obstacle, is a very short distance away from the sensor.
  • the said distance is, for example, set to at most 10 or 15 cm.
  • a number of sensors can be positioned alongside one another in an elongated configuration. Such a sensor can be used in the same way as has been shown for a pressure-sensitive sensor with the aid of Figures 2-6 .
  • a microphone 74 is mounted on or in the side of the trailer. Via a link 76, this microphone 74 emits a signal to a processing circuit (not shown separately in the figure) that filters the background noise from this signal and allows only strong signal components through to a loudspeaker 78 mounted in the cab.
  • a processing circuit not shown separately in the figure
  • this acoustic sensor essentially has to operate under conditions in which the motor vehicle is stationary or moving forwards slowly, it is preferable to add a speed-dependent signal to the processing circuit, by means of which the acoustic sensor is activated only at speeds below a specific speed.
  • a speed-dependent signal is already available in the majority of motor vehicles.
  • a combination of sensors such as one or more pressure-sensitive sensors in combination with at least one further sensor is installed means of which the presence of another road user or, optionally an obstacle a very short distance away from the side of the motor vehicle can be detected. Examples thereof have been mentioned above.
  • the proximity sensor is used to emit a signal that serves as a warning to the driver that a possibly dangerous situation exists. If the alarm sounding device is actuated by the pressure sensor this means that an immediate response is required on the part of the driver, such as braking sharply and bringing the motor vehicle to a stop. In order to be able to distinguish between a warning by a signal from a proximity sensor and a genuine alarm by a signal from the pressure sensor, it is preferable that the alarm sounding device is able to emit two different, respective signals, or that two different alarm sounding devices are used.
  • FIG. 7 The diagram showing the principle of a circuit by means of which the signals from one or more of the sensors can be processed is shown in Figure 7 .
  • the circuit itself is indicated by 80.
  • two pressure-sensitive sensors 82 and 84, an acoustic sensor 86 and a radar sensor 88 are connected to the inputs of this circuit 80.
  • the signals from these sensors are processed by the circuit 90 and, if there is a reason for this, either the loudspeaker 92 or one of the alarm sounding devices 90 or 94 is activated. Via the loudspeaker 92 the driver's attention is drawn to the fact that there are other road users in the immediate vicinity of the motor vehicle. In this case the sensor signal concerned is supplied by the microphone 86.
  • the situation does not have to be dangerous, but additional attention is certainly desirable in that case. If the driver is warned by means of the alarm sounding device 90, this also constitutes a warning of a possibly dangerous situation. Attention is desired in this case also.
  • the sensor signal concerned originates from the radar sensor 88. If, however, the alarm sounding device 94 is activated by a signal from one of the pressure sensors 82 or 84 (or both) and emits a clearly differentiated alarm, the driver has to take appropriate measures immediately, for example brake sharply and bring the motor vehicle to a stop.
  • alarm sounding devices 90 and 94 can be combined in one piece of equipment if this piece of equipment has the facility to generate two different alarms.
  • the links between the sensor(s) and the alarm sounding device(s) are indicated as broken lines in the various figures. These links can consist of wired links but also of wireless links. Because the installation according to the invention in many cases will be installed subsequently in a motor vehicle that is already in service, the use of wired links means that additional wires have to be run, which can be a more or less time-consuming job. In many cases it is then also preferable to make use of wireless communication between the sensor(s) and the processing circuit, which, in turn, controls the alarm sounding devices via fixed wired links. The wireless communication can be implemented in a simple manner by making use of transponder technology.
  • each of the sensors is linked to a transponder circuit and the processing circuit is provided with a send/receive circuit for transmitting polling signals and receiving the responses from the transponder circuits.
  • the hardware required for the application of transponder technology is commercially available and therefore also requires no more detailed explanation.
  • the transponder technology is advantageous especially in the case of tractors that travel with various trailers.
  • the tractor can couple up a trailer without the need for wire connections. It is necessary only to adjust the transmitter/receiver in the tractor to the transponder(s) present in the trailer. There are various possibilities for this, which, however, will be known to a person skilled in the art and thus require no more detailed explanation.
  • the control unit 80 can then, for example, be linked to the braking installation in such a way that in the situation concerned not only the alarm sounding device 90 is activated but a signal is also sent to the braking installation, as a result of which this comes into operation and the motor vehicle begins to brake. It is assumed that this will also be clear to a person skilled in the art without illustration and a detailed description.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Fahrzeug mit vier oder mehr Rädern, umfassend eine Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Verkehrsunfällen, bei denen das Fahrzeug (10) mit vier oder mehr Rädern und eine andere Art von Straßenbenutzer (14) involviert sind und bei welchen der Straßenbenutzer (14) in Kontakt mit mindestens einem Teil einer Seite des Fahrzeugs (10) gerät, wobei die Vorrichtung Mittel (80) umfasst, mittels derer die Anwesenheit eines anderen Straßenbenutzers (14) in der Nähe der Seite des Fahrzeugs (10) vom Fahrer des Fahrzeugs (10) festgestellt werden kann, wobei die Mittel (80) ausgestattet sind mit mindestens einem Nähesensor (82, 84, 88), der in oder an der relevanten Seite des Fahrzeugs (10) fixiert ist, mittels dessen die Anwesenheit eines Objektes (14) innerhalb eines Streifens auswählbarer Breite von der Seite des Fahrzeugs detektiert werden kann, wobei der mindestens eine Nähesensor (82, 84, 88) mit einem akustischen Alarmgerät (90) verbunden ist, mittels dessen der Fahrer gewarnt werden kann, wenn der mindestens eine Nähesensor (82, 84, 88) aktiviert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Nähesensor eine Kombination eines Drucksensors (82, 84), mittels dessen die Anwesenheit eines Straßenbenutzers oder Objekts (14) welcher/welches gegen die Seite des Fahrzeugs (10) drückt, detektiert werden kann, und mindestens einem weiteren Sensors (88), welcher auf Strahlung sensitiv ist, insbesondere Infrarotstrahlung, und/oder sensitiv ist auf elektromagnetische Wellen, insbesondere innerhalb der Radarfrequenzen, mittels dessen die Anwesenheit eines Straßenbenutzers (14) in der Nähe einer Seite des Fahrzeugs (10) detektiert werden kann, umfasst.
  2. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fahrzeug (10) von einem Anhänger gebildet wird, welcher in bekannter Weise von einer Zugmaschine gezogen werden muss.
  3. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fahrzeug (10) gebildet wird durch die Kombination von einer Zugmaschine und eines daran gekoppelten Anhängers.
  4. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drucksensor (82, 84) über eine lang gestreckte Oberfläche drucksensitiv ist.
  5. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor (82, 84) drucksensitiv über praktisch die gesamte Länge der betroffenen Seite ist.
  6. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensitivität des mindestens einen weiteren Sensors (88) derart eingestellt ist, dass ein Alarm nur generiert wird im Falle einer Detektion eines Straßenbenutzers oder Objekts (14) innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Abstandes von der relevanten Seite des Fahrzeugs (10).
  7. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Nähesensor (82, 84, 88) bei einer vorgegebenen Höhe oberhalb der Straße angeordnet ist.
  8. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Anzahl von Nähesensoren (82, 84, 88) installiert sind, jeder an einer unterschiedlichen Höhe oberhalb der Straße.
  9. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welches an einer Seite mit einem Schutz (62) an einer Lücke zwischen den Rädern ausgestattet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Nähesensor (82, 84, 88) auf dem Schutz (62) installiert ist.
  10. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eines der horizontalen Teile des Schutzes (62) sich an den hinteren Rädern des Fahrzeugs (10) vorbei erstreckt und dass der mindestens eine Nähesensor (82, 84, 88) auf diesem Teil installiert ist und eine Länge aufweist, welche praktisch dieselbe ist wie die dieses Teils.
  11. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung zwischen dem Nähesensor oder den Nähesensoren (82, 84, 88) und dem akustischen Alarmgerät (90, 94) eine drahtlose Kommunikationsverbindung ist.
  12. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Transpondertechnologie eingesetzt wird, um die drahtlose Kommunikationsverbindung zu implementieren.
  13. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das akustische Alarmgerät (90, 94) in der Lage ist, verschiedene Alarme ertönen zu lassen, abhängig davon, ob es von dem Drucksensor (82, 84) oder von dem mindestens einen weiteren Sensor (88) ausgelöst wird.
  14. Fahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, zusätzlich zu dem mindestens einen Nähesensor (82, 84) auch ein akustischer Sensor (86) vorgesehen ist, mittels dessen ein für den Fahrer hörbares Signal gesetzt werden kann, unter Bedingungen, welche eingestellt werden können.
EP04793679A 2003-10-27 2004-10-27 Vorrichtung zur verhinderung von verkehrsunfällen, an denen mindestens ein kraftfahrzeug beteiligt ist Not-in-force EP1678016B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04793679T PL1678016T3 (pl) 2003-10-27 2004-10-27 Urządzenie umożliwiające unikanie wypadków drogowych, w których bierze udział co najmniej jeden mechaniczny pojazd

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1024632A NL1024632C2 (nl) 2003-10-27 2003-10-27 Inrichting voor het vermijden van verkeersongelukken waarbij tenminste een auto is betrokken.
PCT/NL2004/000755 WO2005039939A1 (en) 2003-10-27 2004-10-27 Device for avoiding traffic accidents where at least one motor vehicle is involved

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1678016A1 EP1678016A1 (de) 2006-07-12
EP1678016B1 true EP1678016B1 (de) 2011-08-10

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EP04793679A Not-in-force EP1678016B1 (de) 2003-10-27 2004-10-27 Vorrichtung zur verhinderung von verkehrsunfällen, an denen mindestens ein kraftfahrzeug beteiligt ist

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20070067081A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1678016B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE519637T1 (de)
DK (1) DK1678016T3 (de)
NL (1) NL1024632C2 (de)
PL (1) PL1678016T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2005039939A1 (de)

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JP6515125B2 (ja) 2017-03-10 2019-05-15 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ 画像表示装置
JP6497818B2 (ja) 2017-03-10 2019-04-10 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ 画像表示装置
JP6465318B2 (ja) 2017-03-10 2019-02-06 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ 画像表示装置
JP6429413B2 (ja) 2017-03-10 2018-11-28 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ 画像表示装置
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JP6593803B2 (ja) 2017-03-10 2019-10-23 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ 画像表示装置
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EP1678016A1 (de) 2006-07-12
WO2005039939A1 (en) 2005-05-06
US20070067081A1 (en) 2007-03-22
ATE519637T1 (de) 2011-08-15
NL1024632C2 (nl) 2005-04-28
PL1678016T3 (pl) 2011-12-30
DK1678016T3 (da) 2011-11-21

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