EP1628109B1 - Dispositif de cryostat - Google Patents

Dispositif de cryostat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1628109B1
EP1628109B1 EP05016143A EP05016143A EP1628109B1 EP 1628109 B1 EP1628109 B1 EP 1628109B1 EP 05016143 A EP05016143 A EP 05016143A EP 05016143 A EP05016143 A EP 05016143A EP 1628109 B1 EP1628109 B1 EP 1628109B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
helium
cold
configuration according
neck tube
cryocooler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05016143A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1628109A2 (fr
EP1628109A3 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Bösel
Marco Strobel
Andreas Kraus
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Bruker Biospin SAS
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Bruker Biospin SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1628109A2 publication Critical patent/EP1628109A2/fr
Publication of EP1628109A3 publication Critical patent/EP1628109A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1408—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having U-turn or L-turn type geometrical arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/17—Re-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Kryostatan extract for storing liquid helium with an outer shell and a built-in helium container, wherein the helium container is connected to at least two suspension tubes with the outer shell, wherein the helium container further includes a neck tube, the upper warm end with the jacket and the lower cold end is connected to the helium container and in which a multi-stage cold head of a cryocooler is installed, wherein the outer sheath, the helium container, the suspension tubes and the neck tube define an evacuated space, and wherein the helium container is further surrounded by at least one radiation shield, which with both the hanger ears and thermally conductively connected to the neck tube of the helium container.
  • a cryostat arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in EP 1 327 157 A disclosed.
  • Other options for cryogen loss-free cooling of a superconducting magnet system with a cryocooler be, for example, in EP0905436 .
  • the example, two-stage cold head of the cryocooler is usually in a separate vacuum space (such as in US5613367 described) or directly into the vacuum space of the cryostat (such as in US5563566 described) installed so that the first cold stage of the cold head are firmly connected to a radiation shield and the second stage cold via a solid, rigid or flexible, thermal bridge or directly to the helium container thermally conductive.
  • a separate vacuum space such as in US5613367 described
  • the cryostat such as in US5563566 described
  • the helium vessel is usually connected to the outer vacuum envelope on at least two thin-walled hanger tubes.
  • the helium container with the superconducting magnet is thus mechanically fixed, on the other hand, the suspension tubes provide access to the magnet, as it may, for. B. when loading is necessary and also serve the refilling of liquid helium.
  • the loss of gas is also dissipated via the suspension tubes, whereby the suspension tubes are cooled again and ideally the heat input through the pipe wall is completely compensated.
  • a gas flow is formed by itself, which is excited and maintained by the suction effect at the cold end of the cold head.
  • the vaporized gas thus cools the wall of the tubing tubes ideally again so far that the heat input to the helium container disappears through the tubing tubes, heats up and exits at about room temperature from the tubing ears and at room temperature flange of the cold head into the neck tube.
  • the gas from the various suspension tubes is preferably collected in a conduit and then routed to the neck tube. As a result of the downward flow in the neck tube, the gas is cooled at the tubes of the cold head or at the neck tube and finally liquefied at the second cold stage of the cold head.
  • the cycle is hereby closed.
  • the suction that maintains the flow is due, among other things, to the phase change from gaseous to liquid in the second stage of the cold.
  • the performance of the cryocooler decreases slightly, but the gain due to the lower heat input is greater than the loss of cooling capacity.
  • a less powerful cryocooler can be used as in the case without circulation flow.
  • thermoelectric According to the cold head of the cryocooler is constructed in several stages. Thus, very low temperatures, in particular temperatures in the range of or less than 4K can be realized.
  • cryocooler is a pulse tube cooler, since pulse tube cooler shake particularly low vibration can be. Pulse tube coolers are also very reliable and low maintenance. However, it is also possible in principle to use other cryocoolers, such as Gifford-McMahon coolers.
  • helium can be liquefied at a temperature of 4.2 K or at a lower temperature, since this offers a multitude of possible uses in the lowest temperature range.
  • the helium vaporizing within the cryostat is liquefied at the freezing stage in the neck tube and drips back into the helium container.
  • the helium loss and the refilling operations can be reduced or can be achieved at sufficiently large cooling capacity of the radiator, a loss-free operation.
  • the tubes of the cold head are surrounded above the first cold stage and possibly also in the region of further cold stages with a heat insulation.
  • an undesirable heat input from the neck tube into the tubes of the cold head can be approximately avoided or at least reduced.
  • the tubes above the first cold stage of the cold head have temperatures between room temperature and temperature of the first cold stage.
  • a preferred embodiment of the cryostat arrangement provides that there is a gap or channel between the heat insulation and the neck tube wall, through which gas can flow, so that the gas can come in sufficiently good thermal contact with the tube wall.
  • the neck tube does not have to assume any mechanical support function, it is advantageous if the neck tube is of thin-walled construction and / or constructed in the form of a bellows, each of a material having poor thermal conductivity. In this way, the heat input into the helium tank is small. At the same time, the vibration transmission through the neck tube is minimized.
  • a, preferably electrical, heating is provided in or in contact with the helium container. At an excess power
  • the pressure in the helium container can be kept above the ambient pressure and constant in the cryocooler.
  • the performance of the radiator is regulated by its operating frequency and / or the amount of working gas in the radiator.
  • one or more cold stages of the cold head are thermally conductively connected to one or more radiation shields.
  • the radiation shield (s) can then be cooled directly by the cold head.
  • the or one of the radiation shields contains a container with liquid nitrogen, with which the cold head is thermally conductively connected, wherein the cold head of the cryocooler at least partially liquefies the nitrogen after evaporation.
  • the liquefaction of the nitrogen is due to the thermal connection of the radiation shield to the cold head of the cryocooler.
  • the radiation shield is not cooled directly by the cooler, but indirectly, via the evaporating nitrogen.
  • a, preferably electrical, heating is provided in or in contact with the nitrogen container in order to maintain the pressure in the nitrogen container above the ambient pressure and constant at an excess power of the cryocooler.
  • a valve for controlling the gas flow is provided in the connecting line between suspension tubes and neck tube.
  • the gas flow can be throttled when z. B. the suction effect on the cold head is so large that the gas flow is greater than it would be sufficient for the optimal cooling of the suspension tubes.
  • Another advantageous aspect includes that in the connecting line between suspension tubes and neck tube a controllable circulation pump is provided.
  • the cooling flow can actively adjust.
  • cryostat arrangement contains a superconducting magnet arrangement, in particular if the superconducting magnet arrangement is part of an apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • NMR magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a cryostat assembly according to the invention with a helium container 1 , which is connected to at least two suspension tubes 2 with an outer shell 3 .
  • the helium container 1 is surrounded by a radiation shield 4 and further comprises a neck tube 5 , which houses the cold head 6 of a cryocooler. Since the neck tube 5 only as a partition to an evacuated space 7 of the outer shell 3 and does not have to carry the weight of the helium container 1 , it can be designed so that the heat input and the vibration transmission can be minimized. This can be achieved advantageously with the use of bellows.
  • the weight of the helium container 1 and a superconducting magnet arrangement 26 arranged in the helium container is carried by the suspension tubes 2, which are connected via a line 8 to the warm end 9 of the neck tube 5. It forms from itself a gas flow 10 , which is excited and maintained by the suction effect at the cold end 11 of the cold head 6.
  • the vaporized helium thus cools the wall 12 of the suspension tubes 2, ideally so far that the heat input through the suspension tubes 2 disappears onto the helium vessel 1, heats up and exits the suspension tubes 2 at about room temperature and at a room temperature flange 13 of the cold head 6 again in the neck tube 5 a.
  • the gas is cooled at the tubes 14 of the cold head 6 or the neck tube 5 and finally liquefied at the second cold stage 15 of the cold head 6.
  • the cycle is hereby closed.
  • the performance of the cryocooler decreases slightly, but the gain due to the lower heat input is greater than the loss of cooling capacity.
  • a less powerful cryocooler can thus be used than in the case without circulation flow. It is advantageous if the partial flows of the various suspension tubes 2 are combined in a line 8.
  • the cold head 6 may also be provided with a thermal insulation 16 , to heat contact between the neck tube 5 and the tubes 14 of the Cold head 6 to complicate.
  • Fig. 2 shows a heat insulation 16 between the room temperature flange 13 and the first cold stage 17 of the two-stage cold head 6.
  • a heat insulation 16 may be provided around the tubes of other cold stages. It is only important that between the heat insulation 16 and the neck tube wall 18, a sufficiently large gap 19 is present, so that the gas with the neck tube wall 18 in good enough thermal contact can occur.
  • the neck tube wall 18 is not cooled in the proposed invention by a guided gas stream to the warm end. As already mentioned above, however, the contribution of the heat input via the neck tube wall 18 for the given case is rather small compared to the total heat input.
  • the radiation shield 4 similar to a non-actively cooled system (ie without cryocooler) - not directly cooled, but with evaporating nitrogen, as in Fig. 3 shown.
  • the first cold stage 17 of the cold head 6 of the cryocooler must be thermally conductively connected to a nitrogen container 20 , so that nitrogen vaporized on the cold contact surface 21 can be liquefied again.
  • a flow impedance such as a valve 22
  • the cooling flow could actively adjust (s. Fig. 5 ).
  • Valve 22 or pump 23 can also be installed together in the connecting line 8.
  • the partial flows of the suspension tubes 2 are first combined in a connecting line 8, before a valve 22 or a pump 23 are integrated.
  • the cryostat arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for cooling a magnet arrangement 26 which is part of an apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • NMR magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • cryostat arrangement it is possible, in particular the heat input via the suspension tubes of an active, cooled with a cryocooler, high-resolution NMR magnetic system significantly reduce and thus to use a lower-performance cryocooler.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Cryostat affecté au stockage d'hélium liquide, comprenant une enveloppe extérieure (3) et un réservoir d'hélium (1) intégré dans cette dernière,
    le réservoir d'hélium (1) étant relié à l'enveloppe extérieure (3) au niveau d'au moins deux tubulures de suspension (2),
    ledit réservoir d'hélium (1) renfermant, en outre, un tube (5) formant col dont l'extrémité supérieure chaude est reliée à l'enveloppe extérieure (3), dont l'extrémité inférieure froide est reliée audit réservoir d'hélium (1), et dans lequel est intégrée une tête froide (6) d'un refroidisseur cryogénique à étages multiples, ladite enveloppe extérieure (3), ledit réservoir d'hélium (1), lesdites tubulures de suspension (2), et ledit tube (5) formant col, délimitant un espace (7) dans lequel un vide est créé,
    et ledit réservoir d'hélium (1) étant, par ailleurs, entouré d'au moins un bouclier (4) pare-rayonnements relié, avec conduction thermique, à la fois auxdites tubulures de suspension (2) et audit tube (5) formant col dudit réservoir d'hélium (1),
    caractérisé par
    la présence, entre les extrémités chaudes des tubulures de suspension (2) et du tube (5) formant col, d'un conduit (8) de jonction directe par lequel de l'hélium gazeux peut circuler,
    les tubulures de suspension (2), proprement dites, servant de canalisation entre le réservoir d'hélium et ledit conduit de jonction, de telle sorte que de l'hélium gazeux vaporisé, émanant dudit réservoir d'hélium, refroidisse la paroi desdites tubulures de suspension.
  2. Cryostat selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait que le refroidisseur cryogénique (6) est un refroidisseur tubulaire à gaz pulsé.
  3. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que de l'hélium peut être liquéfié au niveau de l'étage cryogénique (15) à froid maximal, sur la tête froide (6) du refroidisseur cryogénique, à une température de 4,2 K ou à une température plus basse.
  4. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les tubulures (14) de la tête froide (6) du refroidisseur cryogénique sont entourées d'une isolation thermique (16) au-dessus du premier étage cryogénique et, dans certaines circonstances, également dans la région d'autres étages cryogéniques.
  5. Cryostat selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'un interstice (19) ou un canal, par lequel du gaz peut s'écouler, est réservé entre l'isolation thermique (16) et la paroi (18) du tube formant col.
  6. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le tube (5) formant col est respectivement réalisé avec paroi mince, et/ou sous la forme d'un soufflet, en un matériau à mauvaise conductivité thermique.
  7. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'un chauffage (24), de préférence électrique, est prévu dans le réservoir d'hélium (1) ou en contact avec ce dernier.
  8. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'outre l'étage cryogénique (15) à froid maximal, un ou plusieurs étage(s) cryogénique(s) (17) de la tête froide (6) est (sont) en liaison thermiquement conductrice avec un ou plusieurs bouclier(s) (4) pare-rayonnements.
  9. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le bouclier (4) pare-rayonnements, ou l'un des boucliers (4) pare-rayonnements, renferme(nt) un récipient (20) empli d'azote liquide et avec lequel la tête froide (6) du refroidisseur cryogénique est en liaison thermiquement conductrice, laquelle tête froide (6) du refroidisseur cryogénique liquéfie de nouveau l'azote, au moins en partie, à l'issue de la vaporisation.
  10. Cryostat selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'un chauffage (25), de préférence électrique, est prévu dans le récipient d'azote (20) ou en contact avec ce dernier.
  11. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'une vanne (22) dévolue à la régulation du flux gazeux est prévue, dans le conduit de jonction (8), entre les tubulures de suspension (2) et le tube (5) formant col.
  12. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'une pompe régulable (23) de mise en circulation est prévue, dans le conduit de jonction (8), entre les tubulures de suspension (2) et le tube (5) formant col.
  13. Cryostat selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ledit cryostat renferme un ensemble magnétique supraconducteur (26).
  14. Cryostat selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que l'ensemble magnétique supraconducteur (26) fait partie d'un appareillage de résonance magnétique nucléaire, notamment d'imagerie à résonance magnétique (MRI) ou de spectroscopie à résonance magnétique (NMR).
EP05016143A 2004-07-30 2005-07-26 Dispositif de cryostat Not-in-force EP1628109B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004037172A DE102004037172B4 (de) 2004-07-30 2004-07-30 Kryostatanordnung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1628109A2 EP1628109A2 (fr) 2006-02-22
EP1628109A3 EP1628109A3 (fr) 2009-03-25
EP1628109B1 true EP1628109B1 (fr) 2012-06-13

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US (1) US20060021355A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1628109B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3996935B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004037172B4 (fr)

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EP1628109A2 (fr) 2006-02-22
US20060021355A1 (en) 2006-02-02
DE102004037172B4 (de) 2006-08-24
JP2006046897A (ja) 2006-02-16
JP3996935B2 (ja) 2007-10-24
EP1628109A3 (fr) 2009-03-25
DE102004037172A1 (de) 2006-03-23

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