EP1628109B1 - Cryostat arrangement - Google Patents
Cryostat arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- EP1628109B1 EP1628109B1 EP05016143A EP05016143A EP1628109B1 EP 1628109 B1 EP1628109 B1 EP 1628109B1 EP 05016143 A EP05016143 A EP 05016143A EP 05016143 A EP05016143 A EP 05016143A EP 1628109 B1 EP1628109 B1 EP 1628109B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- helium
- cold
- configuration according
- neck tube
- cryocooler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1408—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having U-turn or L-turn type geometrical arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/17—Re-condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Kryostatan extract for storing liquid helium with an outer shell and a built-in helium container, wherein the helium container is connected to at least two suspension tubes with the outer shell, wherein the helium container further includes a neck tube, the upper warm end with the jacket and the lower cold end is connected to the helium container and in which a multi-stage cold head of a cryocooler is installed, wherein the outer sheath, the helium container, the suspension tubes and the neck tube define an evacuated space, and wherein the helium container is further surrounded by at least one radiation shield, which with both the hanger ears and thermally conductively connected to the neck tube of the helium container.
- a cryostat arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in EP 1 327 157 A disclosed.
- Other options for cryogen loss-free cooling of a superconducting magnet system with a cryocooler be, for example, in EP0905436 .
- the example, two-stage cold head of the cryocooler is usually in a separate vacuum space (such as in US5613367 described) or directly into the vacuum space of the cryostat (such as in US5563566 described) installed so that the first cold stage of the cold head are firmly connected to a radiation shield and the second stage cold via a solid, rigid or flexible, thermal bridge or directly to the helium container thermally conductive.
- a separate vacuum space such as in US5613367 described
- the cryostat such as in US5563566 described
- the helium vessel is usually connected to the outer vacuum envelope on at least two thin-walled hanger tubes.
- the helium container with the superconducting magnet is thus mechanically fixed, on the other hand, the suspension tubes provide access to the magnet, as it may, for. B. when loading is necessary and also serve the refilling of liquid helium.
- the loss of gas is also dissipated via the suspension tubes, whereby the suspension tubes are cooled again and ideally the heat input through the pipe wall is completely compensated.
- a gas flow is formed by itself, which is excited and maintained by the suction effect at the cold end of the cold head.
- the vaporized gas thus cools the wall of the tubing tubes ideally again so far that the heat input to the helium container disappears through the tubing tubes, heats up and exits at about room temperature from the tubing ears and at room temperature flange of the cold head into the neck tube.
- the gas from the various suspension tubes is preferably collected in a conduit and then routed to the neck tube. As a result of the downward flow in the neck tube, the gas is cooled at the tubes of the cold head or at the neck tube and finally liquefied at the second cold stage of the cold head.
- the cycle is hereby closed.
- the suction that maintains the flow is due, among other things, to the phase change from gaseous to liquid in the second stage of the cold.
- the performance of the cryocooler decreases slightly, but the gain due to the lower heat input is greater than the loss of cooling capacity.
- a less powerful cryocooler can be used as in the case without circulation flow.
- thermoelectric According to the cold head of the cryocooler is constructed in several stages. Thus, very low temperatures, in particular temperatures in the range of or less than 4K can be realized.
- cryocooler is a pulse tube cooler, since pulse tube cooler shake particularly low vibration can be. Pulse tube coolers are also very reliable and low maintenance. However, it is also possible in principle to use other cryocoolers, such as Gifford-McMahon coolers.
- helium can be liquefied at a temperature of 4.2 K or at a lower temperature, since this offers a multitude of possible uses in the lowest temperature range.
- the helium vaporizing within the cryostat is liquefied at the freezing stage in the neck tube and drips back into the helium container.
- the helium loss and the refilling operations can be reduced or can be achieved at sufficiently large cooling capacity of the radiator, a loss-free operation.
- the tubes of the cold head are surrounded above the first cold stage and possibly also in the region of further cold stages with a heat insulation.
- an undesirable heat input from the neck tube into the tubes of the cold head can be approximately avoided or at least reduced.
- the tubes above the first cold stage of the cold head have temperatures between room temperature and temperature of the first cold stage.
- a preferred embodiment of the cryostat arrangement provides that there is a gap or channel between the heat insulation and the neck tube wall, through which gas can flow, so that the gas can come in sufficiently good thermal contact with the tube wall.
- the neck tube does not have to assume any mechanical support function, it is advantageous if the neck tube is of thin-walled construction and / or constructed in the form of a bellows, each of a material having poor thermal conductivity. In this way, the heat input into the helium tank is small. At the same time, the vibration transmission through the neck tube is minimized.
- a, preferably electrical, heating is provided in or in contact with the helium container. At an excess power
- the pressure in the helium container can be kept above the ambient pressure and constant in the cryocooler.
- the performance of the radiator is regulated by its operating frequency and / or the amount of working gas in the radiator.
- one or more cold stages of the cold head are thermally conductively connected to one or more radiation shields.
- the radiation shield (s) can then be cooled directly by the cold head.
- the or one of the radiation shields contains a container with liquid nitrogen, with which the cold head is thermally conductively connected, wherein the cold head of the cryocooler at least partially liquefies the nitrogen after evaporation.
- the liquefaction of the nitrogen is due to the thermal connection of the radiation shield to the cold head of the cryocooler.
- the radiation shield is not cooled directly by the cooler, but indirectly, via the evaporating nitrogen.
- a, preferably electrical, heating is provided in or in contact with the nitrogen container in order to maintain the pressure in the nitrogen container above the ambient pressure and constant at an excess power of the cryocooler.
- a valve for controlling the gas flow is provided in the connecting line between suspension tubes and neck tube.
- the gas flow can be throttled when z. B. the suction effect on the cold head is so large that the gas flow is greater than it would be sufficient for the optimal cooling of the suspension tubes.
- Another advantageous aspect includes that in the connecting line between suspension tubes and neck tube a controllable circulation pump is provided.
- the cooling flow can actively adjust.
- cryostat arrangement contains a superconducting magnet arrangement, in particular if the superconducting magnet arrangement is part of an apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- NMR magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a cryostat assembly according to the invention with a helium container 1 , which is connected to at least two suspension tubes 2 with an outer shell 3 .
- the helium container 1 is surrounded by a radiation shield 4 and further comprises a neck tube 5 , which houses the cold head 6 of a cryocooler. Since the neck tube 5 only as a partition to an evacuated space 7 of the outer shell 3 and does not have to carry the weight of the helium container 1 , it can be designed so that the heat input and the vibration transmission can be minimized. This can be achieved advantageously with the use of bellows.
- the weight of the helium container 1 and a superconducting magnet arrangement 26 arranged in the helium container is carried by the suspension tubes 2, which are connected via a line 8 to the warm end 9 of the neck tube 5. It forms from itself a gas flow 10 , which is excited and maintained by the suction effect at the cold end 11 of the cold head 6.
- the vaporized helium thus cools the wall 12 of the suspension tubes 2, ideally so far that the heat input through the suspension tubes 2 disappears onto the helium vessel 1, heats up and exits the suspension tubes 2 at about room temperature and at a room temperature flange 13 of the cold head 6 again in the neck tube 5 a.
- the gas is cooled at the tubes 14 of the cold head 6 or the neck tube 5 and finally liquefied at the second cold stage 15 of the cold head 6.
- the cycle is hereby closed.
- the performance of the cryocooler decreases slightly, but the gain due to the lower heat input is greater than the loss of cooling capacity.
- a less powerful cryocooler can thus be used than in the case without circulation flow. It is advantageous if the partial flows of the various suspension tubes 2 are combined in a line 8.
- the cold head 6 may also be provided with a thermal insulation 16 , to heat contact between the neck tube 5 and the tubes 14 of the Cold head 6 to complicate.
- Fig. 2 shows a heat insulation 16 between the room temperature flange 13 and the first cold stage 17 of the two-stage cold head 6.
- a heat insulation 16 may be provided around the tubes of other cold stages. It is only important that between the heat insulation 16 and the neck tube wall 18, a sufficiently large gap 19 is present, so that the gas with the neck tube wall 18 in good enough thermal contact can occur.
- the neck tube wall 18 is not cooled in the proposed invention by a guided gas stream to the warm end. As already mentioned above, however, the contribution of the heat input via the neck tube wall 18 for the given case is rather small compared to the total heat input.
- the radiation shield 4 similar to a non-actively cooled system (ie without cryocooler) - not directly cooled, but with evaporating nitrogen, as in Fig. 3 shown.
- the first cold stage 17 of the cold head 6 of the cryocooler must be thermally conductively connected to a nitrogen container 20 , so that nitrogen vaporized on the cold contact surface 21 can be liquefied again.
- a flow impedance such as a valve 22
- the cooling flow could actively adjust (s. Fig. 5 ).
- Valve 22 or pump 23 can also be installed together in the connecting line 8.
- the partial flows of the suspension tubes 2 are first combined in a connecting line 8, before a valve 22 or a pump 23 are integrated.
- the cryostat arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for cooling a magnet arrangement 26 which is part of an apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- NMR magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- cryostat arrangement it is possible, in particular the heat input via the suspension tubes of an active, cooled with a cryocooler, high-resolution NMR magnetic system significantly reduce and thus to use a lower-performance cryocooler.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kryostatanordnung zur Aufbewahrung von flüssigem Helium mit einem Außenmantel und einem darin eingebauten Heliumbehälter, wobei der Heliumbehälter an mindestens zwei Aufhängerohren mit dem Außenmantel verbunden ist, wobei der Heliumbehälter ferner ein Halsrohr enthält, dessen oberes warmes Ende mit dem Mantel und dessen unteres kaltes Ende mit dem Heliumbehälter verbunden ist und in das ein mehrstufiger Kaltkopf eines Kryokühlers eingebaut ist, wobei der Außenmantel, der Heliumbehälter, die Aufhängerohre und das Halsrohr einen evakuierten Raum begrenzen, und wobei der Heliumbehälter ferner von mindestens einem Strahlungsschild umgeben ist, welcher sowohl mit den Aufhängerohren als auch mit dem Halsrohr des Heliumbehälters thermisch leitend verbunden ist.The invention relates to a Kryostatanordnung for storing liquid helium with an outer shell and a built-in helium container, wherein the helium container is connected to at least two suspension tubes with the outer shell, wherein the helium container further includes a neck tube, the upper warm end with the jacket and the lower cold end is connected to the helium container and in which a multi-stage cold head of a cryocooler is installed, wherein the outer sheath, the helium container, the suspension tubes and the neck tube define an evacuated space, and wherein the helium container is further surrounded by at least one radiation shield, which with both the hanger ears and thermally conductively connected to the neck tube of the helium container.
Eine Kryostatanordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 wird in
Der beispielsweise zweistufige Kaltkopf des Kryokühlers ist üblicherweise in einem separaten Vakuumraum (wie z.B. in
Eine Möglichkeit zur Vermeidung dieses thermischen Widerstandes ist das Einfügen des Kaltkopfes in ein Halsrohr, welches die äußere Vakuumhülle des Kryostaten mit dem Heliumbehälter verbindet und entsprechend mit Heliumgas gefüllt ist, wie es beispielsweise in der Druckschrift
Da der Kaltkopf von Heliumgas umgeben ist und zwischen Kaltkopf und Halsrohrwand oder weiteren Halsrohreinbauten eine Temperaturdifferenz besteht, kann es zwischen der Rohrwand und dem Kaltkopf zu einem erheblichen Wärmeeintrag durch Gaswärmeleitung und Konvektionsströme kommen. In
In der
Bei einer Anordnung eines Magnetsystems für hochauflösende Kernresonanzspektroskopie (NMR) wird der Heliumbehälter üblicherweise an mindestens zwei dünnwandigen Aufhängerohren mit der äußeren Vakuumhülle verbunden. Zum einen wird der Heliumbehälter mit dem supraleitenden Magneten somit mechanisch fixiert, zum anderen bieten die Aufhängerohre Zugang zum Magneten, wie es z. B. beim Laden notwendig ist und dienen ebenfalls dem Nachfüllen von flüssigem Helium. Bei nicht mit einem Kryokühler gekühlten, konventionellen Systemen wird zudem das Verlustgas über die Aufhängerohre abgeführt, wodurch die Aufhängerohre wiederum gekühlt werden und im Idealfall der Wärmeeintrag über die Rohrwand komplett kompensiert wird.In an arrangement of a magnet system for high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the helium vessel is usually connected to the outer vacuum envelope on at least two thin-walled hanger tubes. On the one hand, the helium container with the superconducting magnet is thus mechanically fixed, on the other hand, the suspension tubes provide access to the magnet, as it may, for. B. when loading is necessary and also serve the refilling of liquid helium. When not cooled with a cryocooler, conventional systems, the loss of gas is also dissipated via the suspension tubes, whereby the suspension tubes are cooled again and ideally the heat input through the pipe wall is completely compensated.
Bei einem kryogenverlustfreien (d.h. mit einem Kryokühler aktiv gekühlten) System hingegen tritt die gesamte über die Aufhängerohre geleitete Wärme in den Heliumbehälter ein, da die Rohre aufgrund des Nichtvorhandenseins eines Gasstroms ungekühlt bleiben. Diese Wärmemenge stellt in vielen Fällen - abhängig von Rohrwanddicke ,Anzahl der Aufhängerohre, Größe der Heliumbehälters, etc - den Hauptbeitrag des gesamten Wärmeeinfalls dar und bedingt unter Umständen die Verwendung eines leistungsstärkeren Kryokühlers. Auch über das Halsrohr, welches den Kaltkopf des Kryokühlers beherbergt, tritt ein zusätzlicher Wärmestrom ein.By contrast, in a cryogenic loss-free (i.e., actively cooled with a cryocooler) system, all the heat conducted via the tubing tubes enters the helium container because the tubes remain uncooled due to the absence of gas flow. This amount of heat is in many cases - depending on pipe wall thickness, number of hanger pipes, size of the helium tank, etc - the main contribution of the total heat input and may require the use of a more powerful cryocooler. Also via the neck tube, which houses the cold head of the cryocooler, enters an additional heat flow.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, den Wärmeeintrag über die Aufhängerohre einer aktiv, mit einem Kryokühler gekühlten Kryostatanordnung, spespeziell einer Kryostatanordnung, die eine supraleitende Magnetanordnung enthält, zu verkleinern oder komplett zu unterbinden und somit die Verwendung eines leistungsschwächeren Kryokühlers zu ermöglichen.It is therefore the object of the present invention to determine the heat input via the suspension tubes of an active cryostat arrangement which is actively cooled with a cryocooler a shrinkage device containing a superconducting magnet assembly to reduce or completely eliminate and thus allow the use of a lower performance cryocooler.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Kryostatanordnung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a Kryostatanordnung according to
Erfindungsgemäß besteht zwischen den warmen Enden der Aufhängerohre und des Halsrohres eine direkte Verbindung, durch die Heliumgas strömen kann.According to the invention, there is a direct connection between the warm ends of the suspension tubes and the neck tube, through which helium gas can flow.
Durch die direkte Verbindung zwischen den warmen Enden der Aufhängerohre und dem Halsrohr bildet sich von selber eine Gasströmung aus, welche durch die Sogwirkung am kalten Ende des Kaltkopfes angeregt und aufrechterhalten wird. Das verdampfte Gas kühlt somit die Wand der Aufhängerohre im Idealfall wiederum soweit, dass der Wärmeeintrag auf den Heliumbehälter durch die Aufhängerohre verschwindet, erwärmt sich dabei und tritt etwa mit Raumtemperatur aus den Aufhängerohren aus und am Raumtemperaturflansch des Kaltkopfes ins Halsrohr ein. Das Gas aus den verschiedenen Aufhängerohren wird vorzugsweise in einer Leitung zusammengefasst und dann zum Halsrohr geführt. Infolge der abwärts gerichteten Strömung im Halsrohr wird das Gas an den Rohren des Kaltkopfes oder am Halsrohr abgekühlt und schließlich an der zweiten Kältestufe des Kaltkopfes verflüssigt. Der Kreislauf ist hiermit geschlossen. Der Sog, der die Strömung aufrecht hält, entsteht unter anderem aufgrund der Phasenumwandlung von gasförmig nach flüssig im Bereich der zweiten Kältestufe. Insgesamt nimmt die Leistung des Kryokühlers zwar geringfügig ab, aber der Gewinn auf Grund des geringeren Wärmeeinfalls ist größer als der Verlust an Kälteleistung. Gerade für Systeme mit massiveren Aufhängerohren kann somit ein leistungsschwächerer Kryokühler verwendet werden als für den Fall ohne Umlaufströmung.Due to the direct connection between the warm ends of the suspension tubes and the neck tube, a gas flow is formed by itself, which is excited and maintained by the suction effect at the cold end of the cold head. The vaporized gas thus cools the wall of the tubing tubes ideally again so far that the heat input to the helium container disappears through the tubing tubes, heats up and exits at about room temperature from the tubing ears and at room temperature flange of the cold head into the neck tube. The gas from the various suspension tubes is preferably collected in a conduit and then routed to the neck tube. As a result of the downward flow in the neck tube, the gas is cooled at the tubes of the cold head or at the neck tube and finally liquefied at the second cold stage of the cold head. The cycle is hereby closed. The suction that maintains the flow is due, among other things, to the phase change from gaseous to liquid in the second stage of the cold. Overall, the performance of the cryocooler decreases slightly, but the gain due to the lower heat input is greater than the loss of cooling capacity. Especially for systems with massive hanger ears thus a less powerful cryocooler can be used as in the case without circulation flow.
Erfindungsgemäß ist der Kaltkopf des Kryokühlers mehrstufig aufgebaut. Somit können sehr tiefe Temperaturen, insbesondere Temperaturen im Bereich von oder kleiner als 4K realisiert werden.According to the cold head of the cryocooler is constructed in several stages. Thus, very low temperatures, in particular temperatures in the range of or less than 4K can be realized.
Insbesondere für hochauflösende NMR-Verfahren ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Kryokühler ein Pulsrohrkühler ist, da Pulsrohrkühler besonders vibrationsarm beben werden können. Pulsrohrkühler sind ferner auch sehr betriebssicher und wartungsarm. Es ist jedoch prinzipiell auch möglich andere Kryokühler, wie z.B. Gifford-McMahon Kühler zu verwenden.In particular, for high-resolution NMR methods, it is advantageous if the cryocooler is a pulse tube cooler, since pulse tube cooler shake particularly low vibration can be. Pulse tube coolers are also very reliable and low maintenance. However, it is also possible in principle to use other cryocoolers, such as Gifford-McMahon coolers.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn an der kältesten Kältestufe des Kaltkopfes Helium bei einer Temperatur von 4,2 K oder bei tieferer Temperatur verflüssigt werden kann, da sich hierdurch eine Vielzahl an Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Tiefsttemperaturenbereich bietet. Das innerhalb des Kryostaten verdampfende Helium wird an der frei im Halsrohr hängenden Kältestufe verflüssigt und tropft in den Heliumbehälter zurück. Somit können der Helium-Verlust und die Nachfüllvorgänge reduziert werden bzw. kann bei genügend großer Kälteleistung des Kühlers ein verlustfreier Betrieb erreicht werden.It is particularly advantageous if at the coldest cold stage of the cold head, helium can be liquefied at a temperature of 4.2 K or at a lower temperature, since this offers a multitude of possible uses in the lowest temperature range. The helium vaporizing within the cryostat is liquefied at the freezing stage in the neck tube and drips back into the helium container. Thus, the helium loss and the refilling operations can be reduced or can be achieved at sufficiently large cooling capacity of the radiator, a loss-free operation.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Rohre des Kaltkopfes oberhalb der ersten Kältestufe und unter Umständen auch im Bereich weiterer Kältestufen mit einer Wärmeisolation umgeben. Somit kann ein unerwünschter Wärmeeintrag von dem Halsrohr in die Rohre des Kaltkopfes annähernd vermieden oder zumindest reduziert werden. Die Rohre oberhalb der ersten Kältestufe des Kaltkopfes weisen Temperaturen zwischen Raumtemperatur und Temperatur der ersten Kältestufe auf.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tubes of the cold head are surrounded above the first cold stage and possibly also in the region of further cold stages with a heat insulation. Thus, an undesirable heat input from the neck tube into the tubes of the cold head can be approximately avoided or at least reduced. The tubes above the first cold stage of the cold head have temperatures between room temperature and temperature of the first cold stage.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Kryostatanordnung sieht vor, dass zwischen der Wärmeisolation und der Halsrohrwand ein Spalt oder ein Kanal besteht, durch den Gas strömen kann, so dass das Gas mit der Rohrwand in ausreichend guten Wärmekontakt treten kann.A preferred embodiment of the cryostat arrangement provides that there is a gap or channel between the heat insulation and the neck tube wall, through which gas can flow, so that the gas can come in sufficiently good thermal contact with the tube wall.
Da das Halsrohr keine mechanische Stützfunktion übernehmen muss, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Halsrohr dünnwandig und/ oder in Form eines Faltenbalgs jeweils aus einem schlecht wärmeleitenden Material aufgebaut ist. Auf diese Weise ist der Wärmeintrag in den Heliumbehälter nur klein. Gleichzeitig wird die Vibrationsübertragung über das Halsrohr minimiert.Since the neck tube does not have to assume any mechanical support function, it is advantageous if the neck tube is of thin-walled construction and / or constructed in the form of a bellows, each of a material having poor thermal conductivity. In this way, the heat input into the helium tank is small. At the same time, the vibration transmission through the neck tube is minimized.
In einer weiten Ausführungsform ist im oder in Kontakt mit dem Heliumbehälter eine, vorzugsweise elektrische, Heizung vorgesehen. Bei einer Überschussleistung des Kryokühlers kann somit der Druck im Heliumbehälter über dem Umgebungsdruck und konstant gehalten werden. Es ist jedoch auch vorstellbar, dass die Leistung des Kühlers über seine Betriebsfrequenz und/ oder die Füllmenge an Arbeitsgas im Kühler geregelt wird.In a broad embodiment, a, preferably electrical, heating is provided in or in contact with the helium container. At an excess power Thus, the pressure in the helium container can be kept above the ambient pressure and constant in the cryocooler. However, it is also conceivable that the performance of the radiator is regulated by its operating frequency and / or the amount of working gas in the radiator.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind - abgesehen von der kältesten Kältestufe - eine oder mehrere Kältestufen des Kaltkopfes mit einem oder mehreren Strahlungsschilden thermisch leitend verbunden. Der oder die Strahlungsschilde können dann direkt durch den Kaltkopf gekühlt werden.In a preferred embodiment, apart from the coldest cold stage, one or more cold stages of the cold head are thermally conductively connected to one or more radiation shields. The radiation shield (s) can then be cooled directly by the cold head.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanordnung sieht vor, dass der oder einer der Strahlungsschilde einen Behälter mit flüssigem Stickstoff enthält, mit welchem der Kaltkopf thermisch leitend verbunden ist, wobei der Kaltkopf des Kryokühlers den Stickstoff nach dem Verdampfen mindestens teilweise wieder verflüssigt. Die Verflüssigung des Stickstoffs erfolgt aufgrund der thermischen Anbindung des Strahlungsschildes an den Kaltkopf des Kryokühlers. Der Strahlungsschild wird in diesem Fall nicht direkt durch den Kühler, sondern indirekt, über den verdampfenden Stickstoff, gekühlt.Another embodiment of the cryostat arrangement according to the invention provides that the or one of the radiation shields contains a container with liquid nitrogen, with which the cold head is thermally conductively connected, wherein the cold head of the cryocooler at least partially liquefies the nitrogen after evaporation. The liquefaction of the nitrogen is due to the thermal connection of the radiation shield to the cold head of the cryocooler. In this case, the radiation shield is not cooled directly by the cooler, but indirectly, via the evaporating nitrogen.
Bei einer Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform ist im oder in Kontakt mit dem Stickstoffbehälter eine, vorzugsweise elektrische, Heizung vorgesehen, um bei einer Überschussleistung des Kryokühlers den Druck im Stickstoffbehälter über dem Umgebungsdruck und konstant zu halten.In a further development of this embodiment, a, preferably electrical, heating is provided in or in contact with the nitrogen container in order to maintain the pressure in the nitrogen container above the ambient pressure and constant at an excess power of the cryocooler.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist in der Verbindungsleitung zwischen Aufhängerohren und Halsrohr ein Ventil zur Regelung des Gasflusses vorgesehen. Somit kann bei Bedarf der Gasstrom gedrosselt werden, wenn z. B. die Sogwirkung am Kaltkopf so groß ist, dass der Gasstrom größer wird als es für die optimale Kühlung der Aufhängerohre ausreichend wäre.In an advantageous embodiment, a valve for controlling the gas flow is provided in the connecting line between suspension tubes and neck tube. Thus, if necessary, the gas flow can be throttled when z. B. the suction effect on the cold head is so large that the gas flow is greater than it would be sufficient for the optimal cooling of the suspension tubes.
Ein weiterer vorteilhafter Aspekt beinhaltet, dass in der Verbindungsleitung zwischen Aufhängerohren und Halsrohr eine regelbare Umwälzpumpe vorgesehen ist. Somit lässt sich der Kühlstrom aktiv einregeln.Another advantageous aspect includes that in the connecting line between suspension tubes and neck tube a controllable circulation pump is provided. Thus, the cooling flow can actively adjust.
Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanordnung kommen besonders gut zur Geltung, wenn die Kryostatanordnung eine supraleitende Magnetanordnung enthält, insbesondere wenn die supraleitende Magnetanordnung Teil einer Apparatur zur Kernspinresonanz, insbesondere Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) oder Magnetresonanzspektroskopie (NMR) ist.The advantages of the cryostat arrangement according to the invention are particularly effective if the cryostat arrangement contains a superconducting magnet arrangement, in particular if the superconducting magnet arrangement is part of an apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen. Ebenso können die vorstehend genannten und die weiter aufgeführten Merkmale je für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebigen Kombinationen Verwendung finden. Die gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind nicht als abschließende Aufzählung zu verstehen, sondern haben vielmehr beispielhaften Charakter für die Schilderung der Erfindung.Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the drawings. Likewise, the features mentioned above and those listed further can be used individually or in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration, but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanord- nung;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanord- nung mit isolierten Kaltkopfrohren;
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanord- nung mit einem Stickstofftank;
- Fig. 4
- einen schematischen Ausschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanord- nung mit einem in der Verbindungsleitung integrierten Ventil; und
- Fig. 5
- einen schematischen Ausschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanord- nung mit einer in der Verbindungsleitung integrierten Pumpe;
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a Kryostatanord- tion according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic representation of a Kryostatanord- invention with insulated cold head tubes;
- Fig. 3
- a schematic representation of a Kryostatanord- invention with a nitrogen tank;
- Fig. 4
- a schematic section of a Kryostatanord- invention with a valve integrated in the connecting line valve; and
- Fig. 5
- a schematic section of a Kryostatanord- invention with a pump integrated in the connecting line;
Da es unerheblich ist, ob das wieder zurückgeführte Gas an der Halsrohrwand 18 oder den Rohren 14 des Kaltkopfes 6 entlang strömt und sich abkühlt, kann der Kaltkopf 6 auch mit einer Wärmeisolation 16 versehen sein, um den Wärmekontakt zwischen Halsrohr 5 und den Rohren 14 des Kaltkopfes 6 zu erschweren.
Es ist auch möglich, dass der Strahlungsschild 4 - ähnlich wie in einem nicht aktiv gekühlten System (d.h. ohne Kryokühler) - nicht direkt, sondern mit verdampfendem Stickstoff gekühlt wird, wie in
Um den Gasstrom zu regulieren bietet sich die Möglichkeit an, eine Strömungsimpedanz (wie z. B. ein Ventil 22) in die Verbindungsleitung 8 zu integrieren (s.
In allen Fällen ist es vorteilhaft, den Druck im Heliumbehälter 1 (und unter Umständen auch im Stickstoffbehälter 20) über dem Umgebungsdruck und konstant zu halten. Dies kann mit einer Heizung 24 im flüssigen Helium, wie in
Die erfindungsgemäße Kryostatanordnung eignet sich besonders zur Kühlung einer Magnetanordnung 26, die ein Teil einer Apparatur zur Kernspinresonanz, insbesondere Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) oder Magnetresonanzspektroskopie (NMR) ist.The cryostat arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for cooling a
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Kryostatanordnung ist es möglich, insbesondere den Wärmeeintrag über die Aufhängerohre eines aktiv, mit einem Kryokühler gekühlten, hochauflösenden NMR-Magnetsystems erheblich zu verringern und somit auch einen leistungsschwächeren Kryokühler zu verwenden.With the cryostat arrangement according to the invention, it is possible, in particular the heat input via the suspension tubes of an active, cooled with a cryocooler, high-resolution NMR magnetic system significantly reduce and thus to use a lower-performance cryocooler.
- 11
- Heliumbehälterhelium container
- 22
- Aufhängerohresuspension tubes
- 33
- Außenmantelouter sheath
- 44
- Strahlungsschildradiation shield
- 55
- Halsrohrneck tube
- 66
- Kaltkopf eines KryokühlersCold head of a cryocooler
- 77
- evakuierter Raumevacuated room
- 88th
- Leitungmanagement
- 99
- warmes Ende des Halsrohrswarm end of the neck tube
- 1010
- Gasströmunggas flow
- 1111
- kaltes Ende des Kaltkopfescold end of the cold head
- 1212
- Wand der AufhängerohreWall of hanger pipes
- 1313
- RaumtemperaturflanschRaumtemperaturflansch
- 1414
- Rohre des KaltkopfesTubes of the cold head
- 1515
- zweite Kältestufe des Kaltkopfessecond cold stage of the cold head
- 1616
- Wärmeisolationthermal insulation
- 1717
- erste Kältestufe des Kaltkopfesfirst cold stage of the cold head
- 1818
- HalsrohrwandNeck tube wall
- 1919
- Spaltgap
- 2020
- Stickstoffbehälternitrogen Storage
- 2121
- kalte Kontaktflächecold contact surface
- 2222
- VentilValve
- 2323
- Pumpepump
- 2424
- Heizung im flüssigen HeliumHeating in liquid helium
- 2525
- Heizung im flüssigen StickstoffHeating in liquid nitrogen
- 2626
- Magnetanordungof magnets
Claims (14)
- Cryostat configuration for keeping liquid helium, comprising an outer jacket (3) which contains a helium container (1), wherein the helium container (1) is connected to the outer jacket (3) via at least two suspension tubes (2),
wherein the helium container (1) also contains a neck tube (5) whose upper warm end is connected to the outer jacket (3) and whose lower cold end is connected to the helium container (1) and into which a cold head (6) of a multi-stage cryocooler is installed, wherein the outer jacket (3), the helium container (1), the suspension tubes (2) and the neck tube (5) delimit an evacuated space (7),
and wherein the helium container (1) is moreover surrounded by at least one radiation shield (4) which is connected in a heat-conducting fashion to the suspension tubes (2) and also to the neck tube (5) of the helium container (1),
characterized in that a direct connecting line (8) is provided between the warm ends of the suspension tubes (2) and the neck tube (5) through which helium gas can flow,
wherein the suspension tubes (2) themselves are used as a line between the helium container and the connecting line such that helium gas that has evaporated from the helium container cools the wall of the suspension tubes. - Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cryocooler (6) is a pulse tube cooler.
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that helium can be liquefied at a temperature of 4.2K or less at the coldest cold stage (15) of the cold head (6) of the cryocooler.
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (14) of the cold head (6) of the cryocooler are surrounded with thermal insulation (16) above the first cold stage and possibly also in the region of further cold stages.
- Cryostat configuration according to claim 4, characterized in that there is a gap (19) or a channel between the thermal insulation (16) and the neck tube wall (18) through which gas can flow.
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the neck tube (5) has a thin wall and/or is designed like a bellows, and is made from a material having poor thermal conductivity.
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a preferably electric heater (24) is provided in the helium container (1) or in contact therewith.
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more cold stage(s) (17) of the cold head (6) are connected to one or more radiation shield(s) (4) in a heat-conducting fashion except for the coldest cold stage (15).
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radiation shield (4) or one of the radiation shields (4) includes a container (20) with liquid nitrogen, to which the cold head (6) of the cryocooler is connected in a heat-conducting fashion, wherein the nitrogen is at least partially reliquefied by the cold head (6) of the cryocooler after evaporation.
- Cryostat configuration according to claim 9, characterized in that a preferably electric heater (25) is provided in the nitrogen container (20) or in contact therewith.
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a valve (22) is provided in the connecting line (8) between suspension tubes (2) and neck tube (5) to control the gas flow.
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a controllable circulating pump (23) is provided in the connecting line (8) between the suspension tubes (2) and neck tube (5).
- Cryostat configuration according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cryostat configuration contains a superconducting magnet configuration (26).
- Cryostat configuration according to claim 13, characterized in that the superconducting magnet configuration (26) is part of an apparatus for nuclear magnetic resonance, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102004037172A DE102004037172B4 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2004-07-30 | cryostat |
Publications (3)
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EP1628109A2 EP1628109A2 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
EP1628109A3 EP1628109A3 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
EP1628109B1 true EP1628109B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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EP05016143A Not-in-force EP1628109B1 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-26 | Cryostat arrangement |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US20060021355A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1628109B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3996935B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102004037172B4 (en) |
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US20090145912A1 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-11 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Temperature-stabilized storage containers |
US8485387B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2013-07-16 | Tokitae Llc | Storage container including multi-layer insulation composite material having bandgap material |
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US20110127273A1 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2011-06-02 | TOKITAE LLC, a limited liability company of the State of Delaware | Temperature-stabilized storage systems including storage structures configured for interchangeable storage of modular units |
US8887944B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2014-11-18 | Tokitae Llc | Temperature-stabilized storage systems configured for storage and stabilization of modular units |
US9174791B2 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2015-11-03 | Tokitae Llc | Temperature-stabilized storage systems |
US9372016B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2016-06-21 | Tokitae Llc | Temperature-stabilized storage systems with regulated cooling |
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GB0401835D0 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2004-03-03 | Oxford Instr Superconductivity | Magnetic field generating assembly |
DE102004012416B4 (en) * | 2004-03-13 | 2006-04-20 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Superconducting magnet system with pulse tube cooler |
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2004
- 2004-07-30 DE DE102004037172A patent/DE102004037172B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-19 US US11/183,941 patent/US20060021355A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-26 EP EP05016143A patent/EP1628109B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-07-29 JP JP2005220786A patent/JP3996935B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE102004037172A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
US20060021355A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
EP1628109A3 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
EP1628109A2 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
JP2006046897A (en) | 2006-02-16 |
JP3996935B2 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
DE102004037172B4 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
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