EP1596968A2 - Composite ceramique multicouche - Google Patents

Composite ceramique multicouche

Info

Publication number
EP1596968A2
EP1596968A2 EP03815821A EP03815821A EP1596968A2 EP 1596968 A2 EP1596968 A2 EP 1596968A2 EP 03815821 A EP03815821 A EP 03815821A EP 03815821 A EP03815821 A EP 03815821A EP 1596968 A2 EP1596968 A2 EP 1596968A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
ceramic composite
layers
particles
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03815821A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Ehlen
Olaf Binkle
Ralph Nonninger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Itn Nanovation AG
Original Assignee
Itn Nanovation AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itn Nanovation AG filed Critical Itn Nanovation AG
Publication of EP1596968A2 publication Critical patent/EP1596968A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • B01D67/00411—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state by sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024—Oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/87—Ceramics
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/26—Spraying processes
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    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/08—Patterned membranes
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
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    • C04B2237/341—Silica or silicates
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    • C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
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    • C04B2237/58—Forming a gradient in composition or in properties across the laminate or the joined articles
    • C04B2237/586—Forming a gradient in composition or in properties across the laminate or the joined articles by joining layers or articles of the same composition but having different densities
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    • C04B2237/68—Forming laminates or joining articles wherein at least one substrate contains at least two different parts of macro-size, e.g. one ceramic substrate layer containing an embedded conductor or electrode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer porous ceramic composite consisting of at least a first layer of ceramic particles, which is provided as a carrier layer for at least a second layer of ceramic particles, the first and the second layer forming a composite material at a temperature of 800 ° C ⁇ T ⁇ 1200 ° C can be sintered.
  • a method for producing a multilayer porous ceramic composite consisting of at least a first layer of ceramic particles, which is provided as a carrier layer for at least a second layer of ceramic particles, the first and the second layer forming a composite material at a temperature of 800 ° C ⁇ T ⁇ 1200 ° C can be sintered.
  • Such a method is known from DE 198 57 591 AI.
  • Multi-layer porous ceramic composites can be used, for example, in filter technology and in electronics to build up conductor track structures.
  • Ceramic multilayer filters are used, for example, for the separation of oil-water emulsions in machining, for the clarification of beer, for gas purification, for gas separation or for the separation of liquid-solid mixtures.
  • Ceramic filter materials are usually made up of particles sintered together, the spaces between which form the pores. For filtration purposes, it is necessary to obtain as high a proportion of pore volume as possible and a pore size distribution that is as uniform and narrow as possible. Therefore, ceramic powders with a narrowly distributed particle size distribution are preferably used for the production of ceramic filter materials.
  • Ceramic membranes usually consist of a multi-layer system made of porous ceramic, the individual layers of which have different pore sizes.
  • the actual filtering layer (functional layer) is usually the thinnest and most porous of the system. This is located on a substrate of the system that has a coarser porous structure. At the same time, the substrate takes on the mechanical support function of the overall system and often also forms filtrate collection structures.
  • a layer that contains ceramic particles but is not yet sintered is called a green layer, a body made of this material corresponding to green bodies.
  • the starting body When a green body is sintered, it is compressed, the pore shape and / or pore size being changed.
  • the starting body can be used as a dense - See spherical particles, which are slightly connected at contact points, ie touch with adhesion in so-called "neck".
  • the spaces between the particles form the pores of the starting body.
  • the original pores are complicated structures of different geometries.
  • the sintering process takes place at an elevated temperature in two stages. In the first stage, the overall porosity is essentially preserved. The centers of the particles remain approximately the same distance apart. Nevertheless, a gain in surface energy is achieved because the shape of the cavities, ie the pores, of the complicated structures of the Initial state changes into the simple spherical shape.
  • the smallest surface is achieved for a given porosity.
  • the particles touch in the "neck", which become thicker in the first stage of smelting due to mass transport.
  • the pores are rounded off, whereby the smallest pore surface is achieved. This mass transfer is also called grain boundary diffusion.
  • the pores are then gradually closed.
  • the material is compacted by removing empty spaces to the inner and outer surface (volume diffusion). Due to the compression of the sintered body, the overall porosity is reduced.
  • the pores are filled via grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion. In this step, the centers of the original powder particles move together. This causes the sintered body to compact or shrink.
  • the extent of a grain boundary diffusion can be determined via the capillary pressure that arises in the pores.
  • the shape of the pores is changed by mass transfer, which is initiated by different radii of curvature.
  • a mass transfer takes place from the "bellies" of the particles to the "neck” of the particles.
  • the atoms are more firmly integrated on an inwardly curved surface (concave) than on an outwardly curved surface. marriage (convex).
  • the capillary pressure which initiates the sintering of the ceramic green body, depends not only on the temperature and the type of particle, but also on the size of the particles used, since the convex radius of curvature increases with decreasing particle size.
  • the temperature at which the sintering of a ceramic green body begins (assuming the same packing density in the green body) thus decreases with decreasing particle size of the starting particles.
  • this object is achieved in that, in a method of the type mentioned at the outset, the ceramic particles of the second layer are exclusively nanoscale particles with a particle size of x ⁇ 100 nm.
  • a thin defect-free second layer which is a functional layer
  • a carrier layer which is a substrate.
  • the compaction process can be influenced by the particle size of x ⁇ 100 nm according to the invention in such a way that grain boundary sliding, which has not previously been observed in ceramic bodies, is triggered.
  • the grain boundary sliding can avoid tensions between the carrier layer and the functional layer, which occur in particular when ceramic particles of different material properties or sizes are used in the substrate and the functional layer. This results in compaction up to a certain thickness of the functional layer without the formation of defects.
  • a defect-free functional layer which is made up of the same or different ceramic particles as the substrate and which does not detach from the substrate during or after sintering.
  • Such a functional layer is suitable to achieve particularly good filtration results.
  • sintering temperatures that are up to 150 ° C lower can be used to produce thicker defect-free layers with the same materials.
  • no sintering inhibitors are required in the process according to the invention.
  • no larger ceramic particles are added to the nanoscale particles.
  • the nanoscale particles can have different shapes, for example they can be spherical, platelet-shaped or fibrous.
  • the particle size relates in each case to the longest dimension of these particles, which corresponds, for example, to the diameter in the case of spherical particles.
  • the ceramic materials used are preferably derived from metal (mixed) oxides and carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides and carbonitrides from metals and non-metals.
  • metal (mixed) oxides and carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides and carbonitrides from metals and non-metals examples of this are Al 2 0 3 , partially and fully stabilized Zr0 2 , mullite, cordierite, perovskite, spinels, for example BaTi0 3 , PZT, PLZT, and SiC, Si 3 N 4 / B 4 C, BN, MoSi 2 , TiB 2 , TiN, TiC and Ti (C, N). It goes without saying that this list is not exhaustive. Mixtures of oxides or non-oxides and mixtures of oxides and non-oxides can of course also be used.
  • the ceramic composite is built up from three layers, at least one of the layers containing nanoscale particles.
  • the filter properties of the porous ceramic composite can be influenced in a targeted manner by means of several layers of different porosity. Particularly good filtration results can be achieved if one of the layers is defect-free. If the ceramic composite is built up from more than three layers, at least two layers having nanoscale particles, a multi-layer porous ceramic composite can be built up which has good filtration properties.
  • nanoscale particles have a particle size of x ⁇
  • grain boundary sliding can be triggered at a low activation energy. This enables the use of low sintering temperatures at sintering voltages of around 200MPa.
  • nanoscale particles are applied to the substrate by spraying, dipping, flooding or film casting. If the nanoscale particles are contained in a suspension, they can be applied to the substrate in a particularly simple manner by the process steps mentioned. In particular, these measures enable the layer thickness of the green layer that is applied to the substrate, and thus of the sintered functional layer, to be controlled and adjusted particularly well.
  • An intermediate layer in particular an organic intermediate layer, can advantageously be applied to the carrier layer before the nanoscale particles are applied.
  • An organic binder can compensate for unevenness in the surface of the carrier layer and close pores in the carrier layer in order to avoid infiltration.
  • the substrate can be processed into a suitable carrier structure by an organic binder.
  • the organic intermediate layer evaporates during the sintering process, so that the filter effect of the finished ceramic composite is not influenced by the organic binder. -.
  • the carrier layer is structured before sintering.
  • the structures in particular by lamination with other similar ceramic composites, can be used to form cavities and channels for removing filtrate. It is particularly preferred if the structures end at one end in the carrier layer. As a result, a channel closed on one side can be formed by joining identical ceramic composites.
  • the carrier layers can support each other. If the structures are formed in a channel-like manner, in particular if they are semicircular in cross section, essentially circular channels can be formed in cross section if two ceramic composites are laminated with corresponding channels.
  • the structuring is carried out by stamping, punching or milling. It is particularly advantageous if the green carrier layer is milled. In contrast to embossing, where material is displaced, material is removed during milling. Areas of the green layer are not compacted before sintering, so that a homogeneous green layer is retained which can be uniformly compacted during sintering. Inhomogeneities that interfere with filtering can thereby be avoided.
  • a filter device can be produced simply by combining a plurality of ceramic composite stacks to form a ceramic composite prior to sintering to form cavities, in particular channels, in particular laminating them.
  • the invention also relates to a multi-layer porous ceramic composite comprising a substrate and a defect-free functional layer sintered from exclusively nanoscale particles -having.
  • a porous ceramic composite u holds a particularly high-quality filter layer, since it is defect-free.
  • the ceramic composite has three layers, one layer containing the nanoscale particles.
  • the material properties of the layers can be coordinated with one another in such a way that at least one filter layer is defect-free and a high-quality filter is produced.
  • the ceramic composite has more than three layers, at least two layers having nanoscale particles. This measure allows the filter effect to be gradually increased within the ceramic composite, at least two layers being provided which are particularly fine-pored and free of defects.
  • multilayer conductor track structures can be built, in which the defect-free layers made of nanoscale particles represent an insulator. As a result, conductor tracks can be arranged in an electrically insulated manner at a short distance from one another.
  • the filtrate can be drained off particularly well.
  • a green second layer is applied to a green carrier layer, the ceramic particles of which have a size of x ⁇ 100 nm.
  • the second layer densifies to a defect-free, fine-pored functional layer.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'un composite céramique consistant à appliquer sur une couche support brute une deuxième couche brute dont les particules de céramique présentent une dimension x </= à 100 nm. Lors du frittage conjoint des couches brutes, la deuxième couche se densifie de façon à former une couche fonctionnelle à pores minces sans défaut.
EP03815821A 2003-02-13 2003-11-19 Composite ceramique multicouche Withdrawn EP1596968A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003105864 DE10305864B4 (de) 2003-02-13 2003-02-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrlagigen porösen Keramikverbundes
DE10305864 2003-02-13
PCT/DE2003/003834 WO2004071631A2 (fr) 2003-02-13 2003-11-19 Composite ceramique multicouche

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1596968A2 true EP1596968A2 (fr) 2005-11-23

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EP03815821A Withdrawn EP1596968A2 (fr) 2003-02-13 2003-11-19 Composite ceramique multicouche

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20070071962A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1596968A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100415352C (fr)
AU (1) AU2003301499A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10305864B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004071631A2 (fr)

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JP2012152727A (ja) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-16 Tokyo Electron Ltd 濾過用フィルタ及び濾過用フィルタの製造方法
US8999226B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2015-04-07 Siemens Energy, Inc. Method of forming a thermal barrier coating system with engineered surface roughness
US9056354B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2015-06-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Material system of co-sintered metal and ceramic layers
CN102983015B (zh) * 2011-09-06 2015-09-30 施耐德电器工业公司 包含BN/TiB2复相陶瓷材料的触头材料、触头材料的用途及含有该触头材料的断路器
CN103755156B (zh) * 2014-01-14 2015-10-28 东南大学 基于层层组装中空多层纳米胶囊自愈合薄膜的制备方法
US9649690B2 (en) * 2014-02-25 2017-05-16 General Electric Company System having layered structure and method of making the same
DE112017001778T5 (de) * 2016-03-30 2018-12-13 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Keramikmembranfilter und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN106587268B (zh) * 2016-11-02 2019-12-20 深圳市康源环境纳米科技有限公司 陶瓷膜及其组件、接触池、重金属废水处理系统及方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004071631A2 (fr) 2004-08-26
CN100415352C (zh) 2008-09-03
AU2003301499A1 (en) 2004-09-06
AU2003301499A8 (en) 2004-09-06
WO2004071631A3 (fr) 2004-12-23
CN1758953A (zh) 2006-04-12
DE10305864A1 (de) 2004-09-09
US20070071962A1 (en) 2007-03-29
DE10305864B4 (de) 2007-07-26

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