EP1589120B1 - Verfahren und ofen für wärmebehandlung - Google Patents

Verfahren und ofen für wärmebehandlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1589120B1
EP1589120B1 EP03812311A EP03812311A EP1589120B1 EP 1589120 B1 EP1589120 B1 EP 1589120B1 EP 03812311 A EP03812311 A EP 03812311A EP 03812311 A EP03812311 A EP 03812311A EP 1589120 B1 EP1589120 B1 EP 1589120B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
heat treating
furnace
series
work
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03812311A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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EP1589120A1 (de
EP1589120A4 (de
Inventor
Motokazu c/o Dowa Mining Co. Ltd. MURAKAMI
Hiroyoshi c/o Dowa Mining Co. Ltd. SUZUKI
Yoshiyuki c/o Dowa Mining Co. Ltd. TANNO
Masashi c/o Dowa Mining Co. Ltd. YAMAGUCHI
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Dowa Thermotech Co Ltd
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Dowa Thermotech Co Ltd
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Publication of EP1589120A4 publication Critical patent/EP1589120A4/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/028—Multi-chamber type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/40—Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and furnace for heat treatment of a metal. More specifically, it relates to a method and a furnace for heat treatment using hearth rollers.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a charging platform 10, a heat treating chamber 11, an oil tank 12, an exit conveyer 13, and a work W (e.g., Japanese Patent No. 3103905 ).
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a series of hearth rollers 14 (e.g., Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 63-33552 )
  • US 4,932,864 describes a continuous furnace in which different clutch and motor arrangements can be selected to speed up the movement of the work as it passes from one chamber to another.
  • US 4,966,547 describes a tunnel furnace partitioned into a plurality of zones for heat treatment, the temperatures in the zones being independently controllable.
  • the batch furnaces using hearth rollers require a much time for temperature rise, temperature fall and soaking and have insufficient production efficiency and thermal efficiency, since carburization (at 930°C to 1050°C) and temperature-fall-soaking (at 830°C to 850°C) are repeated in the same chamber, as in the batch furnaces using the in-furnace rail.
  • the furnaces of this type require a space for always rotating the series of hearth rollers 14 forward and backward when the work W resides therein, so as to prevent the series of hearth rollers 14 from deformation due to elevated temperatures in the heat treating chamber.
  • they show large thermal radiation, since the both ends of the series of hearth rollers 14 penetrate the furnace wall.
  • an object of at least the preferred embodiments of the present invention is to solve the conventional problems in the batch furnaces using the in-furnace rail or the hearth rollers having the configurations and to provide a means for heat treatment which has enhanced production efficiency and thermal efficiency and high cost effectiveness.
  • Another object of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is to provide a heat treating furnace which is compact in size and is economical.
  • the present invention provides a heat treating furnace for carrying out continuously a heat treatment for workpieces, comprising a linear furnace body including, in its inside, a preheating chamber, a heat treating chamber and a soaking chamber, the chambers being partitioned by partitioning doors and having series of independently-driven hearth rollers, respectively, wherein the series of hearth rollers in the preheating chamber and the soaking chamber are so configured as to be rotatable forward and backward, characterised in that the series of hearth rollers in the heat treating chamber is so configured as to be rotatable and inchable forward alone to sequentially move a workpiece within said heat treating chamber.
  • the series of hearth rollers in the heat treating chamber is stopped during heat treatment of the work.
  • This heat treating furnace enables accurate control of the atmosphere and temperature in various heat treatments, since the inside of the furnace body is partitioned into the preheating chamber, the heat treating chamber and the soaking chamber by the partitioning doors.
  • the series of hearth rollers is rotated forward and backward in the heat treating chamber, so as to prevent the series of hearth rollers from deformation caused by heating at high temperatures.
  • the series of hearth rollers is not rotated backward, namely, is only rotated forward or inched in the heat treating chamber.
  • the down-sizing of the heat treating chamber yields significant advantages, since the heat treating chamber stands at elevated temperatures during operation. Specifically, the down-sizing saves heaters and burners for heating, reduces their energy consumption and cost typically in electric power or gas and significantly reduces cost of, for example, heat insulating materials.
  • the heat treating furnace of the present invention can also be used in a method for carrying out continuously a heat treatment of workpieces in the heat treating furnace described above, the method comprising the steps of rotating the series of hearth rollers in the preheating chamber and the soaking chamber forward and backward to thereby vibrate the work during preheating and soaking of the work and comprising the step of inching the series of hearth rollers in the heat treating chamber during heat treatment of the work to sequentially move a workpiece within said heat treating chamber.
  • the heat treating method just mentioned above enables supply of a uniformly preheated work to the heat treating chamber and enables accurate soaking of the work after heat treatment in a heat treating method in which the series of hearth rollers in the heat treating chamber is stopped during heat treatment of the work.
  • US 4627814 provides a heat treating furnace, a linear furnace body of which includes, in its inside, a preheating chamber, a heat treating chamber and a soaking chamber, the chambers being partitioned by partitioning doors and having series of independently-driven hearth rollers, respectively.
  • the series of hearth rollers in the preheating chamber and the soaking chamber are so configured as to be rotatable forward and backward.
  • the invention is characterised in that the series of hearth rollers in the heat treating chamber is so configured as to be inchable forward alone. Accordingly, only forward rotation or inching of the series of hearth rollers is carried out in the heat treating chamber.
  • the heat treating methods described above can easily carry out heat treatment by using the heat treating furnace of the invention.
  • the heat treating furnace can reduce the sizes of the heat treating chamber and the entire furnace body, since there is no need of a space for reciprocating motion of the work in the heat treating chamber.
  • the down-sizing of the heat treating chamber can significantly reduce cost.
  • the heat treating furnace does not require, in contrast to conventional equivalents, the forward and backward rotation of the series of hearth rollers in the heat treating chamber to prevent deformation thereof and can carry out heat treatment of the work while inching the hearth roller.
  • the furnace therefore does not require a space for the reciprocating motion of the work and can have a reduced size.
  • the series of hearth rollers in the heat treating chamber is made from a material containing a refractory steel, the refractory steel further containing trace amounts of tungsten, cobalt and titanium so as to have improved creep properties.
  • the furnace can reduce heat radiation from the both ends of the series of hearth rollers penetrating the furnace wall, since the series of hearth rollers can have a reduced diameter.
  • the wall of the furnace body includes a brick layer, a silica layer and a layer including a compression-molded article derived from titanium oxide and an inorganic fiber.
  • This heat treating furnace can have reduced thermal diffusion and increased insulation effectiveness of the furnace wall and can yield economical advantages due to reduced heating energy.
  • the furnace can have a reduced thickness in its wall and a reduced length of the series of hearth rollers so as to further effectively prevent the deformation of the hearth roller.
  • a heat treating furnace 1 comprises a linear furnace body which includes, in its inside, a preheating chamber 3, a heat treating chamber 4 and a soaking chamber 5, which are partitioned by partitioning doors 1 and 2 as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 .
  • the figures also illustrate a charging platform 10, a heat treating chamber 11, an oil tank 12 and an exit conveyer 13.
  • the ratio in size of the preheating chamber 3 to the heat treating chamber 4 and that of the soaking chamber 5 to the heat treating chamber 4 are preferably set at 1:3. This can yield a production about three times as much as that of conventional heat treating furnaces, although the total length of the furnace is set being substantially equal to that of the conventional equivalents.
  • the preheating chamber 3, the heat treating chamber 4 and the soaking chamber 5 have series of independently-driven hearth rollers 6, 7 and 8, respectively.
  • the series of hearth rollers 6 and 8 in the preheating chamber 3 and the soaking chamber 5 are so configured as to be rotated forward and backward, and the series of hearth rollers 7 in the heat treating chamber 4 is so configured as only to be rotated forward and inched.
  • the series of hearth rollers 7 in the heat treating chamber 4 of the heat treating furnace 1 comprises a material containing a refractory steel.
  • the refractory steel further contains trace amounts of tungsten, cobalt and titanium and thereby has improved creep properties. This eliminates the necessity of repeating the forward and backward rotation of the series of hearth rollers 7 in the heat treating chamber 4 so as to prevent its deformation, in contrast to the conventional equivalents.
  • the furnace therefore saves a space for the reciprocating motion of the work W in the heat treating chamber 4, and the heat treating chamber and the entire heat treating furnace can be down-sized.
  • the furnace can reduce heat radiation from the both ends of the series of hearth rollers penetrating the furnace wall, since the series of hearth rollers can have a reduced diameter, such as 90 mm, as compared with a conventional one, such as 104 mm.
  • the series of hearth rollers 6 and 8 in the preheating chamber 3 and the soaking chamber 5 can comprise the same material as that of the series of hearth rollers 7 in the heat treating chamber 4.
  • the deformation, typically bent, of the series of hearth rollers is significantly affected by the strength of the hearth roller, as well as by the difference between the temperature of work W and the temperature inside the furnace (in-furnace temperature).
  • the difference between the temperature of work W and the in-furnace temperature is large in the preheating chamber 3. Accordingly, the deformation of the series of hearth rollers 7 can be minimized by allowing the series of hearth rollers 6 in preheating chamber 3 to rotate forward and backward to thereby reduce the difference in temperature and then feeding the work W to the heat treating chamber 4.
  • the bents were each determined by measuring the distances between the center point and points 75 mm inside the flanges at the both ends of a sample hearth roller using a dial gauge.
  • the bent of the conventional hearth roller was measured before and after repetitive forward and backward rotation, and that of the hearth roller according to this embodiment was measured before and after inching (stopping and forward rotation) alone.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of furnace wall of the heat treating furnace according to the present invention with an adiabatic temperature curve. More specifically, the furnace wall comprises a brick layer 15 having a thickness of 115 mm, a silica layer 16 having a thickness of 85 mm, and a compressed molded article 17 of titanium oxide and an inorganic fiber having a thickness of 50 mm, in this order from the inside of furnace.
  • the adiabatic temperature curve shows that the surface temperature of furnace body is 50.2°C (atmospheric temperature: 20°C) while the in-furnace temperature is held to 950°C, indicating that the furnace can be significantly reduced in its wall thickness and can save energy.
  • the heat treating furnace 1 can be used in various heat treatments of metals.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of carburization. Specifically, a work W is fed onto the charging platform 10, fed to the preheating chamber 3 via a charging door (not shown), and the series of hearth rollers 6 in the preheating chamber 3 is rotated forward and backward to thereby preheat the work W uniformly.
  • the partitioning door 1 between the preheating chamber 3 and the heat treating chamber 4 is then opened, the series of hearth rollers 6 and 7 are operated, and the work W is conveyed to the heat treating chamber 4, followed by carburization at a set temperature of 940°C in a set atmosphere at a carbon potential of 1.0% for a set time of 540 minutes.
  • the carburization in the heat treating chamber 4 of the heat treating furnace shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is carried out while the series of hearth rollers 7 is not rotated backward but is stopped.
  • the work W is subjected to carburization by rotating forward or inching the series of hearth rollers 7 in the heat treating chamber 4 to thereby sequentially move the work W to a set position in the heat treating chamber 4. In this procedure, the series of hearth rollers 7 is not rotated backward.
  • the series of hearth rollers 7 in the heat treating chamber 4 is rotated forward or inched so as to allow three blocks of the work W to reside in the heat treating chamber 4 for 540 minutes for carburization, respectively.
  • the three blocks of the work W are capable of conveying to and charging in the heat treating chamber 4.
  • One block of the work W after the completion of carburization is conveyed to the soaking chamber 5, and another block of the work W before carburization is fed from the preheating chamber 3 to the heat treating chamber 4.
  • the partitioning door 2 between the heat treating chamber 4 and the soaking chamber 5 is opened, and the work W after the completion of carburization in the heat treating chamber 4 is conveyed to the soaking chamber 5 by the action of the series of hearth rollers 7 and 8.
  • the work W undergoes temperature fall and soaking at a set soaking temperature, for example, 850°C, while rotating the series of hearth rollers 8 in the soaking chamber 5 forward and backward.
  • a door (not shown) between the soaking chamber 5 and the oil tank 12 is then opened, followed by quenching of the work W.
  • an exit door (not shown) is opened and the work W is conveyed to the exit conveyer 13.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of soft nitriding using the heat treating furnace 1.
  • a work W is fed onto the charging platform 10, fed to the preheating chamber 3 via a charging door (not shown), and the series of hearth rollers 6 in the preheating chamber 3 is rotated forward and backward to thereby preheat the work W uniformly.
  • the partitioning door 1 between the preheating chamber 3 and the heat treating chamber 4 is then opened, the series of hearth rollers 6 and 7 are operated, and the work W is conveyed to the heat treating chamber 4, followed by soft nitriding, for example, at a set temperature of 550°C in a set atmosphere of RX gas and ammonia gas for a set time of 120 minutes.
  • the partitioning door 2 between the heat treating chamber 4 and the soaking chamber 5 is opened, and the work W is conveyed to the soaking chamber 5 by the action of the series of hearth rollers 7 and 8.
  • a door (not shown) between the soaking chamber 5 and the oil tank 12 is opened, and the work W without soaking is subjected to quenching.
  • an exit door (not shown) is opened and the work W is conveyed to the exit conveyer 13.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of thermal refining using the heat treating furnace 1.
  • a work W is fed onto the charging platform 10, fed to the preheating chamber 3 via a charging door (not shown), and the series of hearth rollers 6 in the preheating chamber 3 is rotated forward and backward to thereby preheat the work W uniformly.
  • the partitioning door 1 between the preheating chamber 3 and the heat treating chamber 4 is then opened, the series of hearth rollers 6 and 7 are operated, and the work W is conveyed to the heat treating chamber 4, followed by thermal refining, for example, at a set temperature of 880°C in a set atmosphere at a carbon potential of 0.3% to 0.5% for a set time of 30 minutes.
  • the following processes are as in the soft nitriding, and the work W is subjected to quenching without soaking process.
  • the present invention can provide a heat treatment furnace and method with increased production efficiency and thermal efficiency, and a heat treating furnace having a reduced size and economical efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Wärmebehandlungsofen zum ununterbrochenen Ausführen einer Wärmebehandlung für Werkstücke (W), mit einem geradlinigen Ofenkörper, der in seinem Innenraum eine Vorwärmkammer (3), eine Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) und eine Durchwärmkammer bzw. Kammer zum Halten einer Brenntemperatur (5) aufweist, wobei die Kammern (3, 4 und 5) durch Trenntüren (1 und 2) unterteilt sind und jeweils eine Reihe unabhängig angetriebener Herdrollen (6, 7 und 8) besitzen, wobei die Reihe von Herdrollen (6 und 8) in der Vorwärmkammer (3) und in der Durchwärmkammer (5) so konfiguriert sind, dass sie vorwärts und rückwärts drehbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reihe von Herdrollen (7) in der Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie allein drehbar und zoll- bzw. zentimeterweise vorwärts beweglich sind, um ein Werkstück (W) in der Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) sequentiell zu bewegen.
  2. Wärmebehandlungsofen nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Größenverhältnis der Vorwärmkammer (3) zu der Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) auf 1:3 gesetzt ist und das Größenverhältnis der Durchwärmkammer (5) zu der Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) ebenfalls auf 1:3 gesetzt ist.
  3. Wärmebehandlungsofen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Wand des Ofenkörpers eine Ziegelschicht (15), eine Silciumoxidschicht (16) und eine Schicht (17), die einen aus Titanoxid und einer anorganischen Faser abgeleiteten formgepressten Gegenstand enthält, aufweist.
  4. Wärmebehandlungsofen nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, wobei die Reihe von Herdrollen (7) in der Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) ein Material enthält, das feuerfesten Stahl aufweist, wobei der feuerfeste Stahl ferner Spurenmengen von Wolfram, Kobalt und Titan enthält, damit er verbesserte Kriecheigenschaften besitzt.
  5. Verfahren zum ununterbrochenen Ausführen einer Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken (W) in dem Wärmebehandlungsofen nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte des Drehens der Reihe von Herdrollen (6 und 8) in der Vorwärmkammer (3) und in der Durchwärmkammer (5) vorwärts und rückwärts, um dadurch das Werkstück (W) während des Vorwärmens und Durchwärmens des Werkstücks (W) vibrieren zu lassen, umfasst und den Schritt des zollweisen Bewegens der Reihe von Herdrollen (7) in der Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) während der Wärmebehandlung des Werkstücks (W), um ein Werkstück (W) in der Wärmebehandlungskammer (4) sequentiell zu bewegen, umfasst.
EP03812311A 2002-11-29 2003-11-27 Verfahren und ofen für wärmebehandlung Expired - Lifetime EP1589120B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002348639A JP4330111B2 (ja) 2002-11-29 2002-11-29 熱処理方法及び熱処理炉
JP2002348639 2002-11-29
PCT/JP2003/015120 WO2004050922A1 (ja) 2002-11-29 2003-11-27 熱処理方法及び熱処理炉

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EP1589120A1 EP1589120A1 (de) 2005-10-26
EP1589120A4 EP1589120A4 (de) 2006-02-22
EP1589120B1 true EP1589120B1 (de) 2012-06-06

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JP4982762B2 (ja) * 2005-09-30 2012-07-25 Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 熱処理炉
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JP4982726B2 (ja) * 2010-04-12 2012-07-25 Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 熱処理炉
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JPS6127485A (ja) 1984-07-17 1986-02-06 中外炉工業株式会社 連続式雰囲気熱処理炉
JP2582554B2 (ja) 1986-07-24 1997-02-19 大同特殊鋼株式会社 鋼材の浸炭処理方法
JPH01252886A (ja) 1988-03-31 1989-10-09 Central Glass Co Ltd 熱加工炉並びにそれによる熱処理方法
JPH0714353Y2 (ja) 1988-07-08 1995-04-05 中外炉工業株式会社 ローラハース型熱処理炉
JPH0622358U (ja) * 1992-07-28 1994-03-22 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 焼鈍炉
JP2001200311A (ja) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-24 Nippon Steel Corp 鋼材の熱処理炉用ハースロール
JP4305716B2 (ja) * 2002-02-12 2009-07-29 Ｄｏｗａホールディングス株式会社 熱処理炉

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EP1589120A1 (de) 2005-10-26
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EP1589120A4 (de) 2006-02-22
JP4330111B2 (ja) 2009-09-16

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