EP1556300A2

EP1556300A2 - Guiding elements for a strip-producing or strip-processing machine

Info

Publication number: EP1556300A2
Application number: EP03776807A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johannes Boppel; Peter Wilhelm Kurt Leidig; Ernst Lohmüller
Original assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Current assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Priority date: 2002-10-19
Filing date: 2003-10-20
Publication date: 2005-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2023-10-20
Also published as: WO2004037538A1; WO2004037697B1; ATE339311T1; DE50305063D1; US7314440B2; EP1554207A2; WO2004037538B1; WO2004037537A3; ATE413354T1; EP1556219A2; EP1556219B1; WO2004037696A3; US7383772B2; WO2004037539B1; EP1554208A1; AU2003286098A1; CN100551798C; EP1554207B1; WO2004037697A2; DE50310757D1

Abstract

A folding element for a printing press, or sheet handler, has the folding guide (03) with a microporous surface to generate an air cushion and thereby prevent mechanical contact between the guide and the sheets. The pore size is less than 500 microns and the pores are evenly distributed over the surface of the guide. Air is blown through the porous surface from inside the hollow guide.

Description

description

Guiding elements of a web-producing or processing machine

The invention relates to guide elements, in particular turning bars, of a web-producing or processing machine according to the preamble of claim 1, 2, 5 or 6.

DE 9320 281 U1 discloses a web guiding element designed as a turning bar, which can be brought into at least two angular positions with respect to an incoming web. When pivoting from one position to the other, openings of an inner body are displaced relative to openings of an outer body of the turning bar in such a way that the air outlet openings which are not required are closed.

US 3744 693 A discloses a turning bar in one embodiment, a tube wall segment made of porous, air-permeable material together with a base body forming a closed pressure chamber. The porous segment forms a wall of the chamber and is load-bearing across its width - without a load-bearing base. In a second example, a segment having through bores is arranged instead of the porous segment.

US 54 23468 A shows a guide element which has an inner body with bores and an outer body made of porous, air-permeable material. The holes in the inner body are only provided in the expected wrapping area.

The invention has for its object to provide flexible and easy to manufacture guide elements in relation to the change of direction of a web. The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, 2, 5 or 6.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that a guide element that can be tilted flexibly to the web is created without great structural effort, which is characterized by an air cushion with a high degree of homogeneity and at the same time low losses.

With the conventional openings, forces (impulse of the beam) can be applied selectively to the material, by means of which the material is distant from the component concerned, or is applied to another component, while a wide support and primarily the effect is achieved by distributing micro-openings with a high hole density a trained air cushion comes into play. The cross-section of holes previously used was, for example, 1 to 3 mm, whereas for the micro-openings the cross-section was at least a power of ten smaller. This creates significantly different effects. For example, the distance between the surface supporting the openings and the web can be reduced, the volume flow of fluid can be significantly reduced, and thereby the leakage currents emerging outside the effective range with the web can be significantly reduced.

In contrast to known components with conventional openings or bores of opening cross-sections in the range of millimeters and a hole spacing of several millimeters, a far more homogeneous surface structure is advantageously created when micro-openings are formed on the surface. Micro-openings are understood here to mean openings on the surface of the component which have a diameter of less than or equal to 500 μm, advantageously less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular less than or equal to 150 μm. A “hole density” for the area provided with the micro-openings is at least one micro-opening per 5 mm ² (= 0.20 / mm ² ), advantageously at least one micro-opening per 3.6 mm ² (= 0.28 / mm ² ). By designing the openings as micro-openings, the air cushion is evened out and the volume flow exiting per unit area is reduced in such a way that a leakage flow can also be reasonably small in areas not wrapped by the web.

The micro-openings can advantageously be designed as open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular microporous, air-permeable material or as openings of through-holes with a small cross-section which extend through the wall of a supply chamber to the outside. Although the following exemplary embodiments primarily show the guiding element in the version with porous material, the version with through bores are, however, equally applicable to the principle of the pivotable turning bar shown there.

In order to achieve a uniform distribution of air escaping on the surface of the material in the case of the use of microporous material, without simultaneously requiring high layer thicknesses of the material with high flow resistance, it is expedient for the component to have a solid, air-permeable carrier on which the microporous material is applied as a layer. Such a carrier can be pressurized with compressed air, which flows out of the carrier through the microporous layer and thus forms an air cushion on the surface of the component.

This carrier can in turn be porous with a better air permeability than that of the microporous material; however, it can also be formed from a flat material or molded material which encloses a cavity and is provided with air passage openings. Combinations of these alternatives are also possible.

In order to achieve uniform air distribution, it is also desirable that the thickness of the layer be at least the distance between adjacent openings of the carrier equivalent.

If micro-bores are used, an embodiment is advantageous, the side of the guide element facing the web and having the micro-openings being designed as one or more inserts in a carrier. In further training, the insert can be detachably and, if necessary, exchangeably connected to the carrier. This makes it possible to clean and / or replace inserts of different types of microperforations to adapt to different materials and web widths.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the turning bar in a first a) and a second b) position.

Figure 2 is a perspective, partially broken section of the turning bar with carrier and full coating with porous material.

3 shows a perspective section of the turning bar with micro-bores arranged around its circumference;

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation for a pivotable turning bar in another embodiment;

5 shows a section through a turning bar according to FIG. 4. A guide element 01, e.g. B. Bahnleitelement 01, is used in a web-producing or - processing machine, for. B. a paper machine, winding machine, packaging machine or in particular printing machine, the leadership or a change of direction of a run-up on the guide element 01 web 02, z. B. material web 02 or printing material web 02, in particular paper web 02. The guide element 01 is in particular designed as a so-called turning bar 01, by means of which - depending on its position relative to the direction of the incoming or running-up web 02 - by wrapping the turning bar 01 for the Lane 02 a change of direction by approx. + 90 ° or approx. -90 ° is effected. The turning bar 01 can serve as a pair of two parallel turning bars 01 inclined at 45 ° to the web transport direction for lateral offset, or as a pair of turning bars 01 crossed at 90 ° to one another, inclined at 45 ° or -45 ° to the web transport direction for plunging the web 01 , Several pairs of turning bars are advantageously arranged.

The turning bar 01 or the pair of turning bars can be arranged after a printing unit and before a folder or after a dryer and before a folder of a rotary printing press. It has z. B. an outer diameter of 60 - 100 mm and for example a length of more than 1,200 mm. The turning bar 01 (or both turning bars 01 each) has at least two positions and is (or can) be pivoted in particular by 90 °, a first half of the lateral surface being wrapped in the circumferential direction by a web 02 ( Fig. 1a) and in a second position, a second half of the outer surface is wrapped (Fig. 1b).

The lateral surface of the turning bar 01 has openings 03, z. B. micro-openings 03 through which in operation from an interior cavity 04, z. B. a chamber 04, in particular pressure chamber 04, pressurized fluid against the environment, for. B. a liquid, a gas or a mixture, especially air, flows. In the figures there is no corresponding supply of compressed air into the cavity 04 shown.

The turning bar 01 has its circumferential surface in the circumferential direction both on the side wrapped around in the respective operating situation and on the side not covered by the web 02, i. H. micro-openings 03 on the opposite side. At least on a longitudinal section of the turning bar 01 provided for wrapping, the turning bar 01 thus has micro-openings 03 distributed over the full circumference of 360 ° (facing as well as facing away). In a preferred embodiment, no device or mechanism is provided for the turning bar 01 which prevents the flow of the fluid from the cavity 04 through the micro-openings 03 on the side facing away from the web 02 during operation. In other words, in each of the at least two operating situations mentioned, the micro-openings 03 can be flowed through or flowed through with fluid in a complete circumferential range of 360 °. Switching the turning bar 01 from one position to the other only requires pivoting, and no additional covering of the openings or interruption of the passage path between the cavity 04 and the micro-opening 03.

This simple design is sensibly possible by designing the openings 03 as micro-openings 03, since this creates a thinner but more homogeneous air cushion, and at the same time a required or resulting volume flow and thus also a leakage flow through the “open” side is considerably reduced. The high resistance In contrast to openings of large cross-section, the micro-openings 03 have the effect that “not covering” a region of openings does not lead to a kind of short-circuit current. The partial resistance falling through the openings 03 is given an increased weight in the overall resistance.

In a first embodiment, the micro-openings 03 are open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular microporous, air-permeable material 06, e.g. B. made of an open-pore sintered material 06, in particular made of sintered metal. The Pores of the air-permeable porous material 06 have an average diameter (average size) of less than 150 microns, z. B. 5 to 60 microns, in particular 10 to 30 microns. The material 06 is formed with an irregular, amorphous structure.

The choice of material, dimensioning and pressurization are chosen such that 1 - 20 standard cubic meters per m ² , in particular 2 to 15 standard cubic meters per m ² , emerge from the air outlet surface of the sintered material 06. The air outlet of 3 to 7 standard cubic meters per m ² is particularly advantageous.

The sintered surface from the cavity 04 is advantageously subjected to an excess pressure of at least 1 bar, in particular more than 4 bar. It is particularly advantageous to apply an overpressure of 5 to 7 bar to the sintered surface.

If the cavity 04 of the turning bar 01, at least on its longitudinal section which cooperates with the web 01, is essentially formed solely from a body which forms the cavity 04 from solid porous material (i.e. without further load-bearing layers), this is e.g. B. tubular body substantially self-supporting with a wall thickness of greater than or equal to 2 mm, in particular greater than or equal to 3 mm, formed. Possibly. For example, a carrier can run in the cavity 04, on which the body can be supported selectively or in certain areas, but which is not in full contact with the body.

In order to achieve a uniform distribution of air escaping on the surface of the microporous material 06 without simultaneously requiring high layer thicknesses of the material 06 with a correspondingly increased flow resistance, it is advantageous in an advantageous embodiment that the turning bar 01 has a solid, at least partially air-permeable carrier 07 on which the microporous material 06 is applied as a layer 06 (FIG. 2). Such a carrier 07 can be acted upon by compressed air which flows out of the carrier 07 through the microporous layer 06 flows and thus forms an air cushion on the surface of the turning bar 01. In a preferred embodiment, the porous material 06 is thus not designed as a load-bearing solid body (with or without a frame construction), but rather as a coating 06 on a carrier material, in particular metallic, which has openings 08 or through openings 08. In contrast to, for example, "load-bearing" layers known from the prior art, "non-load-bearing" layer 06 in the carrier 07 is understood to be a structure, with layer 06 covering one layer over its entire layer length and entire layer width A variety of support points of the support 07 supports. The carrier 07 has z. B. on its cooperating with the layer 06 width and length each have a plurality of unrelated bushings 08. This embodiment is clearly different from an embodiment in which a porous material that extends over the entire width that interacts with the web 02 is self-supporting over this distance, is supported only in one end region on a frame or support, and therefore a corresponding one Must have strength.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the carrier material essentially absorbs the weight, shear, torsion, bending and / or shear forces of the component, which is why a corresponding wall thickness (for example greater than 3 mm, in particular greater than 5 mm) of the carrier 07 and / or an appropriately stiffened construction is selected. The z. B. delimiting the cavity 04 to the layer 06, or by appropriate shaping (z. B. tubular) forming the cavity 04 carrier 07 has on the side coated with the porous material a plurality of openings 09 for supplying the compressed air into the porous material 06 on. Also in the openings 09 of the carrier 07 z. T. porous material.

The porous material 06 outside the feedthrough 08 has a layer thickness that is less than 1 mm. A layer thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm is particularly advantageous. A share of open space in the area of the effective outer surface of the porous material, here called degree of opening, is between 3% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 25%. In order to achieve a uniform air distribution, it is also desirable that the thickness of the layer corresponds at least to the distance between adjacent openings 09 of the carrier 07.

The compressed air emerging from the sintered material 06 occurs completely in both positions of the turning bars in the circumferential direction, i. H. essentially over 360 °.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a carrier tube 07 with any, but advantageously circular, profile is arranged as the carrier 07 or inner body 07 in the turning rod 01, the wall thickness of the carrier tube 07 being greater than 3 mm, in particular greater than 5 mm. The carrier tube 07 has a plurality of bushings 08 with openings 09 for supplying the compressed air into the porous material 06.

The support 07, which may also be designed as a support tube 07, can itself also be made of porous material, but with better air permeability - e.g. B. a larger pore size - than that of the microporous material of the layer 06. In this case, the openings 09 of the carrier 07 are formed by open pores in the area of the surface, and the feedthroughs 08 are formed by the channels which are randomly formed on the inside by the porosity. The carrier 07 can, however, also be formed from any flat material or shaped material which surrounds the cavity 04 and is provided with feedthroughs 08. Combinations of these alternatives are also possible.

The internal cross section of a feed line, not shown, for supplying the compressed air to the turning bar is less than 100 mm ² , preferably it is between 10 and 60 mm ² .

In a second embodiment (FIG. 3), the micro-openings 03 are openings through bores 11, in particular micro bores 11, which are characterized by a z. B. formed as a pressure chamber 04 cavity 04 delimiting wall 12, z. B. chamber wall 12, extend outwards. The holes 11 have z. B. a diameter (at least in the area of the openings 03) of less than or equal to 500 μm, advantageously less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular between 60 and 150 μm. The degree of opening is z. B. at 3 to 25%, especially at 5 to 15%. A hole density is at least 1/5 mm ² , in particular at least 1 / mm ² up to 4 / mm ² . The wall 12 thus has a microperforation, at least in an area opposite the web 02. Advantageously, the microperforation - as in the first exemplary embodiment, the feedthroughs 08 and layer 06 - extends over the entire circumference of 360 °.

A u.a. the wall resistance influencing the flow resistance of the chamber wall 12 containing the bores lies e.g. B. at 0.2 to 3.0 mm, advantageously at 0.2 to 1.5 mm. in particular from 0.3 to 0.8 mm. In the interior of the turning bar 01, in particular in the cavity 04, a reinforcing structure (not shown), for example a support, in particular metal support, extending in the longitudinal direction of the turning bar 01, on which the chamber wall 12 is supported at least in sections or at points, can be arranged.

The wall 12 surrounding the chamber 12 is, for. B. formed by a hollow profile body, preferably a tubular hollow profile body, in particular a hollow profile body with an annular profile.

For the execution of the micro-openings 03 as openings 03 of holes 11 is such. B. an excess pressure in the chamber 04 of 0.5 to 2 bar, in particular from 0.5 to 1.0 bar is advantageous.

The bores 11 can be cylindrical, funnel-shaped or other special Shaping (e.g. in the form of a Laval nozzle).

The microperforation, i.e. H. The bores 11 are preferably produced by drilling by means of accelerated particles (for example liquid such as water jet, ions or elementary particles) or by means of electromagnetic radiation with a high energy density (for example light by means of a laser beam). Production using an electron beam is particularly advantageous.

The side facing the web 02 of the wall 12 having the holes 11, for. B. a stainless steel wall 12, in a preferred embodiment has a dirt and / or paint-repellent finish. It has a coating, not shown, which does not cover the openings 03 or bores 11 - for. B. nickel or advantageously chromium - which z. B. is additionally processed - e.g. B. structured with micro ribs or a lotus flower effect or preferably mirror polished).

In one variant, the wall having the bores is designed as one insert or several inserts in a carrier. The insert can be fixed or changeable to the carrier. The latter is advantageous with regard to cleaning or exchanging inserts of different types of microperforations to adapt to different materials and web widths. In the embodiment with openings 03 arranged essentially in full circumference, such inserts can be arranged, for example, on a carrier running in cavity 04.

In a further example (FIG. 4) for a pivotable turning bar 01, a plurality of chambers 04 are arranged in it, each chamber 04 being assigned a part of the lateral surface of the turning bar 01 (sintered area as shown or microperforated area, not shown) in the circumferential direction. Each chamber 04 can be acted upon selectively with compressed air, so that in each position the respectively wrapped area of the turning bar 01 is acted upon with compressed air. Are for this embodiment z. B. on the turning bar 01 at least two optionally supplied with compressed air supply lines 13 or the chambers 04 are optionally acted upon by a return valve with the compressed air obtained from a source (Fig. 5).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 guide element, web guide element, turning bar

02 web, material web, printing material web, paper web

03 opening, micro opening

04 cavity, chamber, pressure chamber

05 -

06 microporous material, sintered material, layer, microporous, coating

07 carrier, inner body, carrier tube

08 implementation, through opening

09 opening

10 -

11 hole, micro hole

12 wall, chamber wall

13 supply line

Claims

Expectations

1. Guide element of a web-producing or processing machine with a plurality of openings (03) for the discharge of a pressurized fluid, the guide element (01) being designed for guiding and / or deflecting an incoming web (02), characterized in that that the guide element (01) has porous material (06) through which fluid can flow.

2. Guide element of a web-producing or processing machine with a plurality of openings (03) for the discharge of a pressurized fluid, the guide element (01) being able to be brought into at least two angular positions with respect to an incoming web (02) that in each of the two angular positions, the fluid emerges from openings (03) provided there on a side wrapped by the web (02), facing the web (02), as well as on an opposite, opposite side of the guide element (01).

3. Guide element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the openings (03) in the lateral surface of the guide element (01) are arranged at least in a longitudinal section of the guide element (01) substantially around the entire circumference.

4. Guide element according to claim 2, characterized in that in both angular positions the fluid in a longitudinal section essentially over the entire circumference from the openings (03).

5. guide element of a web-producing or processing machine with a plurality of in its lateral surface at least in a longitudinal section of the guide element (01) arranged substantially around the entire circumference openings (03) for the escape of a pressurized fluid, the Guide element (01) can be brought into at least two angular positions with respect to an incoming path (02), characterized in that the openings (03) are designed as micro-openings (03) with a diameter of less than 500 μm, and that the fluid in both angular positions in this longitudinal section emerges from the micro-openings (03) essentially over the entire circumference.

6. Guide element of a web-producing or processing machine with a plurality of openings (03) arranged in its lateral surface at least in a longitudinal section of the guide element (01) essentially around the entire circumference for the discharge of a pressurized fluid, the guide element (01 ) can be brought into at least two angular positions with respect to an incoming path (02), characterized in that the openings (03) are assigned two substantially half-shell-like halves of the cylindrical outer surface of the guide element (01), each of which has its own inner one Are assigned cavity (04), which can optionally be acted upon by pressurized fluid.

7. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 7, characterized in that the guide element (01) is pivotable by 90 °, wherein in a first angular position, a first, substantially half-shell-like half of the cylindrical outer surface of the web (02) and in a second angular position, a second half-shell-like half of the lateral surface is turned over.

8. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 7, characterized in that the openings (03) are designed as micro-openings (03) with a diameter of less than 500 μm.

9. Guide element according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that the micro-openings (03) as open pores of a porous fluid flow Materials (06) are executed.

10. Guide element according to claim 9, characterized in that the pores of the fluid-permeable porous material have an average diameter of 5 to 50 microns, in particular 10-30 microns.

11. Guide element according to claim 9, characterized in that the porous material (06) is designed as an open-pore sintered material (06), in particular as a sintered metal.

12. Guide element according to claim 9, characterized in that the microporous material (06) is designed as an essentially self-supporting hollow body, which forms at least one cavity (04) effective as a pressure chamber (04) through its inner boundary surface.

13. Guide element according to claim 12, characterized in that the hollow body formed from the porous material (06) has a wall thickness of at least 2 mm.

14. Guide element according to claim 9, characterized in that the microporous material (06) is designed as a layer (06) on a load-bearing, but at least partially fluid-permeable carrier (07).

15. Guide element according to claim 14, characterized in that the carrier (07) on its side facing the layer (06) has at least one supporting surface connected to the layer (06) and a plurality of openings (09) for the supply of the fluid into the Layer (06) has.

16. Guide element according to claim 14, characterized in that the layer (06) in the area of the wing has a thickness less than 1 mm, in particular from 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm.

17. Guide element according to claim 14, characterized in that the carrier (07) has a plurality of, in particular non-contiguous, bushings (08) on its width and length which cooperate with the layer (06).

18. Guide element according to claim 14, characterized in that the carrier (07) is designed as a carrier tube (07) with a hollow profile, in particular an annular profile.

19. Guide element according to claim 14, characterized in that a wall thickness of the support tube (07) is greater than 3 mm, in particular greater than 5 mm.

20. Guide element according to claim 9, characterized in that an opening degree on the outward-facing surface of the porous material (06) is between 3% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 25%.

21. Guide element according to claim 5 or 8, characterized in that the micro-openings (03) are designed as outwardly directed openings (03) of micro-bores (11) in a wall (12) delimiting the guide element (01) to the outside.

22. Guide element according to claim 21, characterized in that a diameter of the openings (03) is less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular between 60 and 150 μm.

23. Guide element according to claim 21, characterized in that a wall thickness of the wall (12) is 0.2 to 3.0 mm.

24. Guide element according to claim 21, characterized in that a hole density, ie a number of openings (03) per unit area, for the area provided with the micro-openings (03) at 0.20 / mm ^{2 is} at least 0.2 / mm ² ,

25. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that

1 - 20 standard cubic meters of air per hour emerge from a square meter of the lateral surface with the openings (03).

26. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that 2-15, in particular 3-7, standard cubic meters of air per hour emerge on a, square meter of the lateral surface having the openings (03).

27. Guide element according to claim 9, characterized in that the porous material (06) is acted upon from the inside with at least 1 bar overpressure.

28. Guide element according to claim 9, characterized in that the porous material (06) is pressurized from the inside with more than 4 bar, in particular with 5 to 7 bar, of the fluid.

29. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that a feed line for supplying the fluid to the guide element (01) has an internal cross section of less than 100 mm ² , in particular between 10 and 60 mm ² .

30. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that the outer diameter of the guide element (01) is 60-100 mm.

31. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that the guide element (01) has a length greater than 1,200 mm.

32. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that the guide element (01) is designed as a turning bar (01).

33. Guide element according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, characterized in that the pressurized fluid is designed as compressed air.