EP1537245A2 - Dna-chips zur bioprozesskontrolle - Google Patents
Dna-chips zur bioprozesskontrolleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1537245A2 EP1537245A2 EP03797287A EP03797287A EP1537245A2 EP 1537245 A2 EP1537245 A2 EP 1537245A2 EP 03797287 A EP03797287 A EP 03797287A EP 03797287 A EP03797287 A EP 03797287A EP 1537245 A2 EP1537245 A2 EP 1537245A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- acid sequence
- nucleotide sequence
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/32—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
- C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
- C12Q1/6837—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase using probe arrays or probe chips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to chips doped with nucleic acid probes which are suitable for monitoring the course of bioprocesses, to the use of corresponding probes on such chips, or to methods and possible uses which are based on such chips, and to genes suitable therefor.
- Bio processes are to be understood, for example, as the culture of microorganisms on an agar plate or in shaking culture, but in particular their fermentation, or the extraction of raw materials by fermentation of microorganisms.
- eukaryotes such as yeasts or streptomycetes
- gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria there is a rich state of the art for this, both with regard to unicellular eukaryotes such as yeasts or streptomycetes and with regard to gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria.
- Such processes are monitored on the one hand by observing the changing properties and requirements of the organisms under consideration in the course of the process, which can be seen, for example, in the optical density and viscosity of the medium, in absorbed or released gases, in changes in the pH or in changing Imposes nutritional needs.
- an electrochemical sensor for on-line analysis by E. co // - Accordingly, the / acZ gene can be brought under the control of the promoter of the RpoS-dependent gene osmY, which is expressed when a culture changes to the stationary growth phase, and the ⁇ -galactosidase activity derived therefrom which occurs in the culture medium can be over An electrochemical sensor can be determined and the signal obtained thereby indicates the end of the exponential growth phase of the culture in question.
- the chip technology is based on the principle of attaching probes for proteins or for nucleic acids to physically readable carriers (chips) which are directly dependent on the presence of the proteins in question , or address nucleic acids. Compared to the two technologies mentioned first, such chips are expected to provide timely analysis of the process under consideration (at-line analysis). Another advantage is the need for comparatively small sample quantities.
- Chips that recognize mRNA are usually doped with complementary DNA molecules.
- DNA chip analyzes there are those with PCR amplification of the target sequence and those without amplification.
- optical evaluation of the signals attributable to the detection there are also those with electrical evaluation.
- the optical detection methods sometimes require an amplification mechanism for the signals.
- fluorophores, acridinium esters or indirect detection via secondary binding processes for example via biotin, avidin / streptavidin or digoxigenin.
- digoxigenin-specific antibodies are used for optical detection, which are labeled with an enzyme.
- the enzyme activity is detected either colorimetrically or via luminescence.
- the hybridization can be coupled with a PCR on the DNA chip in order to be able to carry out the entire detection reaction on a chip (“Lab-on-a-Chip - Concept").
- electrical impulses can be used to amplify the hybridization reaction on optical DNA chips.Fritsche et al. (2002; Laborwelt II) proposed an electrical chip system that works with metallic nanoparticles that For example, are bound to oligonucleotides. In this system, a drop in the electrical resistance at the electrode, which can then be measured as a signal, is triggered by a so-called “metallic reinforcement” during the hybridization reaction.
- DNA probes are used which, after labeling with a suitable enzyme (for example alkaline phosphatase), lead after hybridization to an electrically active substrate which is then subjected to a redox reaction on the Electrode is detectable (Hintsche et al. (1997), EXS, 80, pp. 267-283).
- a suitable enzyme for example alkaline phosphatase
- the detection of a broad spectrum of gene activities with one and the same chip is desirable, for example in order to recognize a multitude of possible scenarios, for example, but also if several organism strains are observed in parallel or the same host is to be used to form different products, so that not a new one every time Chip must be developed.
- Biotechnological processes with gram-positive bacteria are of particular technical interest. Because these are used particularly because of their ability to secrete for the industrial production of valuable materials. Among these, those of the genus Bacillus and below them, in turn, the species B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. agaradherens, B. Hcheniformis, B. lentus and B. globigii are currently of the greatest economic importance.
- Table 1 deals with the simultaneous observation of the activity of several genes in bacteria (multiparametric detection).
- E. coli Another fermentation of E. coli is described in the work "Monitoring of genes that respond to overproduction of an insoluble recombinant protein in Eschenchia coli glucose-limited fed-batch fermentations" by Jürgen et al. (2000), Biotech. Bioeng., 70 , Pp. 217-224, which expresses the expression of the genes ion, dnaK, ibpB, htrA, ppiB, groEL, tig, s6, 19 and dps, partly at the mRNA level, partly at the protein level, partly at both levels.
- subtilis describes how they can be determined using the DNA macro array technique or two-dimensional polyacrylic gel electrophoresis, after which the genes for purine and pyrimidine synthesis and certain ribosomal proteins are used in gram-positive bacteria used for overexpression expressed more than expected based on the knowledge of Gram-negative bacteria, another difference concerns the proteases Lon and Clp.
- patent application WO 02/055655 A2 discloses more than 1,800 DNA sequences which have been determined by the complete sequencing of the genome of the microorganism Methylococcus capsulatus. This includes one from the lipid metabolism, namely eno, which is also of interest in the context of the present patent application, but would not have been considered on the basis of this application alone.
- the task therefore was to identify genes, preferably to identify a representative cross-section of genes which are suitable for indicating via changes in metabolic activities how an observed bioprocess proceeds.
- attention should be paid to fermentations, especially those that serve the production of biological materials. Accordingly, such physiological conditions should be recognizable, which indicate that the cells in question leave the path of the optimal growth course.
- physiological conditions include, for example, states of hunger for various nutrients or stress situations such as heat or cold shock, shear stress, oxidative stress or oxygen limitation.
- the aim was to develop probes for these genes so that they could be used to monitor the corresponding bioprocesses.
- Another task was to develop a sensor doped with probes on a representative selection of marker genes, which is suitable for monitoring a bioprocess based on microorganisms, in particular gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, changes in the metabolic activities characterizing this process faster than in conventional, in particular display methods based on gel electrophoresis. This should have the advantage of being able to intervene in the process in question with the shortest possible time delay. Because the possibility of timely regulation should make a bioprocess more efficient.
- Such a sensor should be able to be used for several comparable processes and should be adaptable to specific applications with comparatively minor variations. It should preferably be aimed at bioprocesses based on ⁇ / // t / s species, in particular B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. lentus, B globigii, and very particularly on B. Hcheniformis. Bioprocesses focused on fermentations, especially the technical production of products, especially of overexpressed proteins. Furthermore, such a sensor should enable appropriate methods for measuring the physiological state of the cells under consideration and corresponding possible uses for monitoring the biological processes under consideration.
- the first part of this task is solved by identifying the following genes: acoA, ahpC, ahpF, citB, clpC, clpP, codY, cspA, cspB, des, dnaK, eno, glnR, groEL, groL, gsiB, ibpA, ibpB, katA , katE, IctP, Idh, opuAB, phoA, phoD, pstS, purC, purN, pyrB, pyrP, sigB, tnrA, trxA and ydyF.
- the further task is solved by a chip that is equipped with nucleic acid or nucleic acid analogue probes for at least four of the following genes: acoA, ahpC, ahpF, citB, clpC, clpP, codY, cspA, cspB, des, dnaK, eno, glnR, groEL, groL, gsiB, ibpA, ibpB, katA, katE, IctP, Idh, opuAB, phoA, phoD, pstS, purC, purN, pyrB, pyrP, sigB, tnrA, trxA and ydjF, or for the same in the organism under consideration regulated genes from the metabolic pathways characterized by these genes is doped.
- probes for further genes or gene products can be contained.
- genes which can be used according to the invention for bioprocess control are listed in Table 2 below, together with the functions of the derived proteins and the physiological signal for which they stand, unless the function clearly shows the latter.
- these are genes whose gene products become active in the following metabolic contexts: cell wall synthesis, DNA replication, membrane transport mechanisms, C-metabolism (carbon), citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle; TCA), respiratory chain, N-metabolism (nitrogen), P-metabolism (Phophathaushalt)
- the relevant DNA sequences include (in some cases odd), the regions coding for the respective protein and in each case approximately 200 bp upstream and downstream thereof, regardless of whether these regions detect the complete non-coding regions of the gene or protrude into regions, that already affect the neighboring genes.
- SEQ ID NO. 93 clpP from ß Hcheniformis
- SEQ ID OK. 11 Comparison with the corresponding sequence of ß. subtilis suggests that at the 5 'end about 48 bp and thus 16 amino acids are missing.
- SEQ ID NO. 101 (dnaK from ß Hcheniformis) only the coding area is given.
- the even-numbered sequence numbers each stand for the derived amino acid sequences. They are used, for example, to check the gene function via sequence database comparisons and can possibly be used to generate probes that recognize similar nucleic acids, for example by back-translating the genetic code. All of these genes are described individually in the prior art. They can be found for the different organisms from generally accessible databases. This applies in particular to the well-characterized species ß. subtilis and £. coli, which are generally regarded as model organisms of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
- sequences given, for example, in the sequence listing were taken from the databases of the Institut Pasteur, 25.28 rue du Do Budapest Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France, which can be found at http://genolist.pasteur.fr/Colibri/ ( for E. coli) or http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/ (for ß. subtilis) (as of August 16, 2002).
- GenBank National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Bacteria form a coherent mRNA (polycistronic mRNA) from the genes which are located one behind the other in an operon and are regulated via the same promoter. This hybridizes with all probes against each of the genes mapped on this mRNA.
- genes that are regulated equally can be identified in a different way: For this purpose, the promoters that regulate the expression of the genes in question must be identified using methods known per se. Identically regulated genes can be recognized here by the fact that they are preceded by the same promoters.
- a probe is a chemical compound which is able to bind mRNA molecules via hydrogen bonds, as is also the case, for example, when the two strands of a DNA or the DNA-RNA interaction interact. From a chemical point of view, this is DNA, for example, which is more stable to hydrolysis than RNA.
- DNA for example, which is more stable to hydrolysis than RNA.
- other molecules are known in the prior art, in particular chemically synthesized ones, which enable the same interaction biomimetically, but are more stable than DNA.
- nucleic acid analog probes characterize preferred embodiments of the present application.
- chips according to the invention are doped with increasingly preferably at least 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 28, 30, 32 or 34 of the named probes in order to have the broadest possible range of metabolic situations capture.
- the genes listed are known in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Some of these genes are currently only known from individual groups of organisms such as gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria. If homologous representatives, that is to say recognizable by hybridization, are found in other groups in the future, they will be included in the scope of the claim accordingly. Because according to the invention it is not important to determine the exact nucleotide sequence but via Hybridization to get an accurate signal.
- the groEL gene can come from a gram-positive organism such as ß. subtilis can be identified by homologous hybridization with a probe for the E. coli groL gene.
- the detection of this signal can be used to infer a stress situation for the organism under consideration, in which a large number of misfolded proteins occur.
- the same probe can also be applied analogously to other species which form a large-like chaperone.
- genes which are equally regulated in the organism under consideration and lie on the metabolic pathways characterized by these genes, can serve as equivalent indicators.
- the selection of the genes purC or purN which are characteristic of the purine metabolism, can be considered to some extent as arbitrary.
- one or more other genes are selected which are also required for the purine synthesis, provided that they stand for the same signal as purC and / or purN.
- the same also applies to the genes of the other metabolic services under consideration: Cell wall synthesis, DNA replication, membrane transport mechanisms C metabolism (carbon balance), citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle; TCA), respiratory chain, N metabolism (nitrogen balance), P metabolism (phosphate balance),
- Amino acid synthesis pyrimidine synthesis, translation, including ribosomal genes, secretion, anaerobiosis and possibly sporulation.
- the chip is on gram-positive bacteria, in particular ⁇ . subtilis or ß. Hcheniformis aligned.
- it is recommended to dope it with probes from the group of genes acoA, ahpC, ahpF, citB, clpC, clpP, codY, cspB, des, dnaK, eno, glnR, groEL, gsiB, katA, katE, IctP , Idh, opuAB, phoA, phoD, pstS, purC, purN, pyrB, pyrP, sigB, tnrA, trxA and ydjF, or for genes that are regulated equally in the organism under consideration, are selected from the metabolic pathways characterized by these genes.
- the associated DNA sequences are in the sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, 33, 37, 43, 45, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 and 81 for ß. subtilis or SEQ ID NO. 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123 and 125 for ß. Hcheniformis specified. According to what has been said above, probes for other gram-positive bacteria can also be derived from these.
- the chip is aimed at Gram-negative bacteria, in particular E. coli or Klebsieila.
- Gram-negative bacteria in particular E. coli or Klebsieila.
- probes from the group of genes clpP, cspA, cspB, dnaK, groL, ibpA, ibpB, katE, phoA, pstS, and trxA, or for genes regulated equally in the organism under consideration metabolic pathways characterized by these genes are selected.
- the associated DNA sequences are in the sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID NO. 13, 17, 21, 27, 35, 39, 41, 47, 57, 63 and 79 for E. coli. According to what has been said above, probes for Klebsiella and other gram-negative bacteria can also be derived from these.
- Chips of preferred embodiments are therefore characterized in that only one or another gene of the following gene pairs, which is regulated equally in the organism under consideration, is present from the metabolic pathway each characterized by one of these genes: ahpC or ahpF; clpC or clpP; cspA or cspB; ibpA or ibpB; IctP or Idh; phoA or phoD; purC or purN; pyrB or pyrP.
- the wild-type strains are generally not used, but rather those which are aimed at the process in question.
- this includes the provision of selection markers or further adjustments of the metabolism, up to auxotrophies.
- Such strains have a special requirement profile for the growth conditions and some have. Metabolic genes that are mutated to the wild type genes. Since chips according to the invention should advantageously be aimed at precisely these strains, especially the bioprocess under consideration, these strain-specific peculiarities must be taken into account and can be reflected in the choice of the probes concerned. This applies in particular if the complete gene sequences, rather only parts of them, are used as probes.
- the chips are characterized in that they are probes which respond to the genes in question from the organism selected for the bioprocess, preferably those which are derived from genes of this organism.
- the organism selected for the bioprocess is a representative of unicellular eukaryotes, gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
- Different organisms are selected depending on the type of product desired. For the purposes of the invention, this does not only mean the production strains but also all organisms upstream of the production process, for example for cloning corresponding genes or for selecting suitable expression vectors.
- the unicellular eukaryotes are protozoa or fungi, including in particular yeast, very particularly Sacharomyces or Schizosaccharomyces. This is because they are used as host cells, in particular for the gene products of eukaryotes, especially if they are to undergo special modifications which can only be carried out by these strains. These include, for example, glycosylations.
- the gram-positive bacteria are Coryneform bacteria or those of the genus Bacillus, including in particular ⁇ . subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. Hcheniformis, B. agaradherens,
- B. stearothermophilus B. lentus or ß. globigii. Because these are technically particularly important production strains. They are used in particular for the production of low molecular weight chemical compounds, such as vitamins or antibiotics, or for the production of proteins, in particular enzymes. Amylases, cellulases, lipases, oxidoreductases and proteases are particularly noteworthy.
- Gram-negative bacteria in particular those of the genera Eschenchia coli or Klebsiella. These are used both on a laboratory scale, for example for cloning and expression analysis, and on an industrial scale to produce biological materials.
- chips according to the invention are thus characterized in that at least one, and increasingly preferably several, probes are derived from the sequences which are listed in the sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID NO.
- the processes observed serve a technical interest that is linked to other specific genes.
- a protein in the event that a protein is to be produced, it is the gene for this protein and in the event that a low-molecular compound is to be produced, one or more gene products which are on the synthetic route of the compound in question.
- Other cell-specific genes can also be affected, such as metabolic genes that have to be increasingly formed in the course of product production, for example a cell-own oxidoreductase, if the product is to be obtained from an educt or an intermediate product via oxidation or reduction.
- Examples 8 and 9 show which genes can also be monitored via a chip according to the invention if a specific enzyme is to be produced by fermentation.
- these are chips which are additionally doped with at least one probe for an additional gene, in particular one which is in a metabolic relation to the gene (s) additionally expressed due to the process, very particularly for one of these or this itself.
- chips which are characterized in that the gene additionally expressed due to the process is the protein for a commercially usable protein , in particular an amylase, cellulase, lipase, oxidoreductase or protease, or one that is on a synthetic route for a low-molecular chemical compound or at least partially regulates it.
- the design of chips doped with nucleic acids is known from the prior art presented in the introduction. They are based on the principle of nucleic acid hybridization of the mRNA to be detected with the probe presented on the chip.
- chips with an optical and with an electrical analysis system In principle, both systems can be used according to the invention.
- Such chips are used as follows to monitor (monitor) the bioprocess in question: a sample with the biological material to be analyzed is taken from the process at a certain point in time; RNA, in particular mRNA, is isolated from this, using methods known per se, for example using cell disruption and using a denaturing buffer. This is advantageously passed over / through the chip in a buffer. Hybridization (sandwich marking) of a prepared RNA with the homologous probe provided on the chip (target nucleic acid, for example target DNA or target nucleic acid analog) results in a corresponding optically or electronically evaluable signal. This is based, for example, on hybridization with a second probe or on a secondary detection reaction, for example via RT-PCR.
- the strength of the hybridization signal is proportional to the number of specific mRNA present in the sample over a certain range, which may have to be optimized in individual cases. In this way, the strength of the signal is a direct measure of the activity of the gene in question at the time of sampling.
- the time span between sampling and measurement should be kept as short as possible, for example via a largely automated sampling, its processing and conduction via / through the sensor.
- Limiting the usability of a probe is the degree of homology between the probe provided and the mRNA that is to be recognized by hybridization.
- a hybridization must take place under the conditions given by the structure of the measuring apparatus and other influences, which can only be attributed specifically to the gene of interest, is sufficiently strong to give a positive signal and, on the other hand, is not too strong to be the mRNA diffuses again after the signal has been generated in order to free the binding site for the next molecule or to allow the signal to subside.
- chips of preferred embodiments are characterized in that one, preferably several, single-stranded probes are provided in the form of the codogenic strand. Because this hybridizes with the coding strand of the DNA, or with the corresponding mRNA.
- Chips according to the invention should advantageously be usable several times, in particular during a single observed process, in the course of which constant monitoring is desirable.
- chips according to the invention are characterized in that one, preferably several probes are provided in the form of a DNA, preferably a nucleic acid analog.
- a DNA itself is less sensitive to hydrolysis than an RNA.
- Analogs which are difficult to hydrolyze, in which, for example, the phosphate of the sugar-phosphate backbone is replaced, are preferred, however. Such connections are known in the prior art.
- the probes in question would be, for example to be synthesized according to the model of the sequence listing associated with this application.
- Hybridization over the entire sequence length is often not required to detect an mRNA.
- the specific probes therefore need to encompass less the region of the gene that is transcribed into mRNA than that which is actually to be detected as mRNA. It is advantageous for this purpose to select a region which is close to the 5 'end of the mRNA, since this is first transcribed into mRNA and can therefore be detected first after activation of the gene. This is conducive to timely proof.
- chips according to the invention are thus characterized in that one, preferably a plurality of probes comprise gene regions which are rewritten into mRNA by the organism to be examined, in particular the gene regions which are close to the 5 'end of the mRNA.
- mRNA molecules are often in a secondary structure that is based on hybridization of individual mRNA regions with their own, other regions. This leads to loop or stem-Ioop structures, for example. Such regions generally hybridize less easily with other nucleic acid molecules, even if they are homologous.
- chips according to the invention are therefore characterized in that one, preferably several, probes respond to fragments of the nucleic acids in question, in particular to those which have a low degree of secondary folding in the mRNA in question, based on the respective total mRNA.
- the probes used for the detection reaction need only comprise parts of the mRNA to be detected, provided that the signal obtainable via them is still specific enough. This specificity sets the lower limit for the length of the probes in question.
- a chip according to the invention is therefore preferably characterized in that one, preferably a plurality of probes, have a length of less than 200 nucleotides, and increasingly preferably less than 150, 120, 100, 80, or from 20 to 60, 30 to 50 and particularly preferably of 45 to 55 nucleotides.
- probes which were each only 20 bases long have already proven to be useful.
- Chips according to the invention are preferably characterized in that an electrical signal is triggered by the binding of the mRNA to the probe in question.
- the time from sampling to measurement of the signal for optically evaluable chips is approximately 24 hours. With the help of an electrical system, the time required is currently approximately 2 hours (see FIG. 4). In contrast, the number of samples which can be analyzed simultaneously in the case of chips which can be evaluated electrically is currently limited to a maximum of 12 probes, although rapid development suggests that more analysis places can be made available on one chip shortly. The limits for this are the electronic evaluation units for the various signals.
- RT-PCT One of the methods for mRNA quantification established in the prior art is, for example, the RT-PCT.
- This is described in the article “Quantification of Bacterial mRNA by One-Step RT-PCR Using the LightCycler System” (2003) by S.Tobisch, T .Koburger, B.Jürgen, S.Leja, M.Hecker and T.Schiser in BIOCHEMICA, Volume 3, pages 5 to 8.
- detection via electrochips has another advantage, illustrated in Example 4 and Figure 5, namely the higher one Reliability of the data. Because, as shown there, these have significantly smaller fluctuation ranges compared to the RT-PCR.
- the mode of operation of electrically readable chips of a particularly preferred embodiment can be described as follows:
- the gene-specific probes are covalently bound in a manner known per se to magnetic beads which are located in chambers of the chips provided for this purpose.
- the specific hybridization of the corresponding mRNA to the respective beads takes place in this hybridization chamber, which can be temperature-controlled and can be flushed through by the solutions in question.
- the beads are held in this chamber by a magnet.
- a washing step is carried out to remove the unbound RNA, so that only specific hybrids are still present in the incubation chamber, specifically bound to the magnetic beads.
- a detection probe is introduced into the incubation chamber, which is labeled with an alkaline phosphatase bound to biotin-extravidin. This probe binds to a second free region of the hybridized mRNA. This hybrid is then washed again and incubated with the substrate of the alkaline phosphatase para-aminophenol phosphate (pAPP). The enzymatic reaction in the incubation chamber leads to the release of the redox-active product para-aminophenol (pAP). This is now passed over the Red / Ox electrode on the electrical chip and the signal is sent to a potentiostat.
- System-specific software reads the data received and the results can be evaluated and displayed on a computer with the help of another program (for example Origin).
- the detection reaction also by another, but preferably because of the electrical measuring principle, a redox reaction.
- One achievement of the present invention is to have process-critical genes identified and made available for analysis by means of appropriately designed biochips.
- the advantage of chips over conventional detection methods, in addition to the time saved and the higher accuracy, is that the activity of several different genes can be detected simultaneously by providing several probes on a carrier in the same sample.
- the present invention provides the use of appropriate probes which are selected such that they give a representative picture for most fermentation processes about different physiological states of the gram-negative and gram-positive in question.
- the probes described here which are specific for the genes ibpB, dnaK, acoA and sigB, can therefore be bound to appropriate chips in a manner known per se and used for the analysis of bioprocesses.
- Example 4 and Example 7 the acoA mRNA of ⁇ which indicates glucose hunger. subtilis or ß.
- Example 6 the phosphate deficient gene product of pstS of ß. Hcheniformis and in example 5 with aprE an mRNA for a gene product of interest. Electrically evaluable chips with eleven probes at the same time are described in Examples 8 and 9, seven probes reflecting the general metabolic situation, one directed towards the product of interest and three other genes each monitoring those aspects of the metabolism that are related to the one of interest Product stand (see tables 5 and 6).
- the protease product is a probe for genes of nitrogen metabolism and the product amylase is a probe for genes of carbohydrate metabolism.
- the gene activities required for the chemical conversion of the substrates in question could be observed in a biotransformation, for example.
- a separate subject of the invention is thus the use of nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog probes for at least four of the following genes: acoA, ahpC, ahpF, citB, clpC, clpP, codY, cspA, cspB, des, dnaK, eno, glnR, groEL, groL, gsiB, ibpA, ibpB, katA, katE, IctP, Idh, opuAB, phoA, phoD, pstS, purC, purN, pyrB, pyrP, sigB, tnrA, trxA and ydjF, or for genes regulated equally in the organism under consideration from the metabolic pathways characterized by these genes, bound to a previously described chip for determining the physiological state of an organism undergoing a biological process.
- preferred uses are those which are characterized in that at least one, and more preferably several, probes are derived from the sequences which are listed in the sequence listing under the numbers SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123 and 125 are listed.
- Another separate subject of the invention is formed in accordance with the above-mentioned method for determining the physiological state of an organism undergoing a biological process by using a chip according to the invention described above.
- a method according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the organism selected for the bioprocess is a representative of unicellular eukaryotes, gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
- a method according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the unicellular eukaryotes are protozoa or fungi, including in particular yeast, very particularly Sacharomyces or Schizosaccharomyces.
- a method according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the gram-positive bacteria are Coryneform bacteria or those of the genus Bacillus, including in particular ⁇ . subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. Hcheniformis, B. agaradherens, B. stearothermophilus, B. lentus or ß. globigii, among them particularly preferred with probes, of those in the sequence listing specified sequences from ß. subtilis or ß. Hcheniformis (SEQ ID NO.
- probes are preferably used which are derived from the relevant genes of the most closely related species, particularly preferably from the respective organism itself.
- Hcheniformis means such processes, which are characterized in that they are ß. subtilis or ß. Hcheniformis acts, whereby for ß. subtilis the probes from the sequences given in the sequence listing from ß. subtilis (SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, 33, 37, 43, 45, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 and / or 81) are derived, or for ß. Hcheniformis the probes from the sequences given in the sequence listing from ß. Hcheniformis (SEQ ID NO.
- 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123 and / or 125) are derived.
- a method according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the gram-negative bacteria are those of the genera Eschenchia coli or Klebsieila, preferably with probes which are derived from the sequences from E. coli (SEQ ID NO. 13, 17, 21 , 27, 35, 39, 41, 47, 57, 63 and / or 79) are derived.
- a method according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the determination of the physiological state is carried out at different points in time of the same process, optionally using a number of identical chips.
- a process according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the process is a fermentation, in particular the fermentative production of a commercially usable product, particularly preferably the Production of a protein or a low molecular weight chemical compound.
- a separate subject of the invention is the use of a chip according to the invention for determining the physiological state of an organism undergoing a biological process.
- a use according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the organism selected for the bioprocess is a representative of unicellular eukaryotes, gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
- a use according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the unicellular eukaryotes are protozoa or fungi, including in particular yeast, very particularly Sacharomyces or Schizosaccharomyces.
- a use according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the gram-positive bacteria are Coryneform bacteria or those of the genus Bacillus, including in particular ⁇ . subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. Hcheniformis, B. agaradherens, B. stearothermophilus, B. lentus or ß. globigii, among them particularly preferred with probes, which from the sequences given in the sequence listing from ß. subtilis or ß. Hcheniformis (SEQ ID NO.
- ß. subtilis acts, among them those uses are preferred which are characterized in that for ß. subtilis the probes from the sequences given in the sequence listing from ß. subtilis (SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, 33, 37, 43, 45, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 and / or 81) are derived, or for ß.
- Hcheniformis the probes from those in the sequence listing specified sequences from ß. Hcheniformis (SEQ ID NO.
- 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123 and / or 125) are derived.
- a use according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the gram-negative bacteria are those of the genera Eschenchia coli or Klebsieila, preferably with probes which are derived from the sequences from E. coli (SEQ ID NO. 13, 17, 21 , 27, 35, 39, 41, 47, 57, 63 and / or 79) are derived.
- a use according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the determination of the physiological state is carried out at different points in time of the same process, optionally using several chips of identical construction.
- a use according to the invention is preferably characterized in that the process is a fermentation, in particular the fermentative production of a commercially usable product, particularly preferably the production of a protein or a low-molecular chemical compound.
- each of these proteins together with the respective nucleotide sequence, including the relevant homology areas, is a separate subject of the present application.
- the respective biochemical functions performed by these proteins are also noted in Table 3 and can be checked using the database information given above. According to the invention, they are regarded as the enzymes which carry out the corresponding biochemical functions which the enzymes specified in the sequence listing in vivo in ß. Exercise hcheniformis. These items are listed below; the respective specified percentage identity homology values via an appropriate computer algorithm, for example about the program Vector NTI ® Suite, Fa InforMax, Bethesda, USA, are reviewed.
- all integer numbers as well as all intermediate fractional numbers are to be understood:
- acetoin dehydrogenase E1 component (AcoA; E.C.1.2.4.-) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 84 amino acid sequence given at least 74% and increasingly preferably to 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94 , 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% are identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (acoA) coding for an alpha subunit of the acetoin dehydrogenase E1 component (AcoA; E.C.1.2.4.-) with a nucleotide sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 83 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 85% and increasingly preferably to 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which the nucleotide positions 201 to 872 according to SEQ ID NO. 83 corresponds.
- specified nucleotide sequence is at least 91% and increasingly preferably 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 764 according to SEQ ID NO. 85 corresponds to.
- alkyl hydroperoxide reductase / NADH dehydrogenase (AhpF; EC1.6.99.3) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 88 amino acid sequence given is at least 92% and increasingly preferably 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 97.5, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (ahpF) coding for a large subunit of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase / NADH dehydrogenase (AhpF; EC1.6.99.3) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- nucleotide sequence at least 87% and increasing preferably 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% is identical, in particular over the partial area which corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 1730 according to SEQ ID NO. 87 corresponds.
- Aconitase hydratase (CitB; E.C.4.2.1.3) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 90 amino acid sequence indicated is at least 93% and increasingly preferably 94, 95, 96, 97, 97.5, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (citB) coding for an aconitase hydratase (CitB; E.C.4.2.1.3) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 89 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 93% and increasingly preferably 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 97.5, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 2927 according to SEQ ID NO. 89 corresponds.
- - Class III stress response-linked ATPase (ClpC) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 92 amino acid sequence given is at least 95% and increasingly preferably 96, 96.5, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (clpC) coding for a class III stress response-linked ATPase (ClpC) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 91 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 84% and increasingly preferably 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 2633 according to SEQ ID NO. 91 corresponds.
- Proteolytic subunit of the ATP-dependent protease (class III heat shock protein; EC 3.4.21.92; CIpP) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 94 amino acid sequence indicated is at least 97% and increasingly preferably 98, 98.5, 99, 99.5 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (clpP) coding for a proteolytic subunit of the ATP-dependent protease (class III heat shock protein; EC 3.4.21.92; CIpP) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- clpP nucleic acid
- 93 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 86% and increasingly preferably to 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the sub-region that the nucleotide positions 1 to 549 according to SEQ ID NO. 93 corresponds.
- 96 amino acid sequence given is at least 92% and increasingly preferably 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (codY) coding for a Pleitropen transcription repressor (CodY) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 95 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 88% and increasingly preferably to 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which corresponds to the nucleotide positions 201 to 980 SEQ ID NO. 95 corresponds.
- CspB major cold shock protein with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 98 amino acid sequence indicated is at least 98% and increasingly preferably 98.5, 99, 99.5 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (cspB) coding for a main cold shock protein (CspB) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 97 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 97% and increasingly preferably 98, 98.5, 99, 99.5 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 401 according to SEQ ID NO. 97 corresponds.
- 99 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 88% and increasingly preferably 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 1229 SEQ ID NO. 99 corresponds.
- Class I heat shock protein (molecular chaperone; DnaK) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 102 amino acid sequence specified is at least 94% and increasingly preferably 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to amino acid positions 1 to 480 according to SEQ ID NO. 102 corresponds; in connection with a nucleic acid (dnaK) coding for a class I heat shock protein (molecular chaperone; DnaK) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 101 indicated nucleotide sequence is at least 88% and increasingly preferably 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion which corresponds to nucleotide positions 1 to 1440 according to SEQ ID NO , 101 corresponds.
- Enolase (Eno; E.C.4.1.2.11) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 104 amino acid sequence indicated is at least 98% and increasingly preferably 98.5, 99, 99.5 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (eno) coding for an enolase (Eno; E.C.4.1.2.11) with a nucleotide sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 103 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 94% and increasingly preferably 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 1493 according to SEQ ID NO. 103 corresponds.
- 105 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 91% and increasingly preferably 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 608 according to SEQ ID NO. 105 corresponds.
- - Class I heat shock protein with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 108 amino acid sequence given is at least 96% and increasingly preferably 97, 97.5, 98, 98.5, 99, 99.5 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (groEL) coding for a class I heat shock protein (chaperonin; GroEL) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 107 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 90% and increasingly preferably 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to the nucleotide positions 201 to 1835 according to SEQ ID NO. 107 corresponds.
- - Catalase (KatA; EC1.11.1.6) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 110 specified amino acid sequence at least 90% and increasing preferably 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (katA) coding for a catalase (KatA; EC1.11.1.6) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 109 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 86% and increasingly preferably to 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to the nucleotide positions 201 to 1661 according to SEQ ID NO. 109 corresponds.
- nucleotide sequence is at least 85% and increasingly preferably to 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which the nucleotide positions 201 to 1661 according to SEQ ID NO. 111 corresponds.
- - Glycine betaine ABC transporter with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 114 amino acid sequence given at least 82% and increasingly preferably to 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 92.5 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% is identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (opuAB) coding for a glycine-betaine ABC transporter (OpuAB) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 113 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 85% and increasingly preferably to 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which the nucleotide positions 201 to 1055 according to SEQ ID NO. 113 corresponds.
- PstS Phosphate binding protein with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 116 amino acid sequence given is at least 82% and increasingly preferably 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (pstS) coding for a phosphate binding protein (PstS) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to the one in SEQ ID NO.
- nucleotide sequence at least 84% and increasingly preferred to 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% is identical, in particular over the partial area which corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 1118 according to SEQ ID NO. 115 corresponds.
- Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PurC; E.C. 6.3.2.6) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 118 amino acid sequence given is at least 90% and increasingly preferably 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (purC) coding for a phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PurC; E.C. 6.3.2.6) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 117 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 89% and increasingly preferably 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 917 according to SEQ ID NO. 117 corresponds.
- Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyl transferase (PurN; E.C. 2.1.2.2) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 120 indicated amino acid sequence at least to 76% and increasingly preferably to 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 , 97, 98, 99 and 100% are identical; in connection with a nucleic acid ⁇ purN) coding for a phosphoribosylglycinamide formyl transferase (PurN; E.C.
- nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 119 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 84% and increasingly preferably 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the partial area which corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 788 according to SEQ ID NO. 119 corresponds.
- - uracil permease with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 122 amino acid sequence given at least 69% and increasingly preferably to 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 , 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% is identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (pyrP) coding for a uracil permease (PyrP) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO.
- 121 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 89% and increasingly preferably 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 1505 according to SEQ ID NO. 121 corresponds.
- SigB RNA polymerase-specific general (alternative) stress sigma factor
- 124 amino acid sequence indicated is at least 85% and increasingly preferably 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (sigB) coding for an RNA polymerase-specific general (alternative) stress sigma factor (SigB) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 123 nucleotide sequence specified is at least 98% and increasingly preferably 98.5, 99, 99.5 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to the nucleotide positions 201 to 998 according to SEQ ID NO. 123 corresponds.
- sigB nucleic acid
- SigB RNA polymerase-specific general (alternative) stress sigma factor
- Thioredoxin (TrxA) with an amino acid sequence that corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 126 amino acid sequence indicated is at least 98.5% and increasingly preferably 99, 99.5 and 100% identical; in connection with a nucleic acid (trxA) coding for a thioredoxin (TrxA) with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 125 specified nucleotide sequence is at least 93% and increasingly preferably 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100% identical, in particular over the portion that corresponds to nucleotide positions 201 to 515 according to SEQ ID NO. 125 corresponds.
- Table 3 shows the surprising observation that the sequences of these genes and proteins despite the high relationship of ß. subtilis and ß. Hcheniformis in most cases are not very identical.
- Table 3 shows the surprising observation that the sequences of these genes and proteins despite the high relationship of ß. subtilis and ß. Hcheniformis in most cases are not very identical.
- each of these nucleotide sequences shown in the present application is as a probe on chips for controlling biological processes. Because, as described above, these genes are considered representative to indicate the metabolic situation of an organism, in particular a microorganism used for fermentation. According to the previous statements, smaller regions of these genes, which are advantageously located near the 5 'end, are preferred.
- the common features of the respective sequences can be used to detect comparable gene products across species boundaries. probes areas different from one another can be used to detect such mRNA next to one another with one and the same chip, for example if one of these genes is expressed in cells of the other species or if the cultures are mixed. This can also be used to detect contamination, for example, with representatives of the other species (or with other microorganisms, for example E. coli using the probes described above). This is particularly important for purity control, for example during fermentation.
- Another possible technical application is the targeted inactivation of the genes in question, for example via homologous recombination, in strains which are used for the synthesis of other compounds or in which the genes in question are to be specifically switched off in order to produce a homologous gene, for example for a more active product to provide trans.
- the respective enzymes specified under the even numbers of the sequence listing are capable of the specific biochemical reactions which correspond to their role in the respective metabolic pathway. Accordingly, they can be used to perform comparable reactions in vitro. Enzymes are increasingly being used as catalysts, especially for the synthesis of natural products such as vitamins, antibiotics or medicines. Compared to conventional processes, they are characterized in particular by mostly lower temperatures, good environmental compatibility and high regioselectivity.
- the enzymes used for this purpose can advantageously be obtained from the associated DNA sequences specified in the sequence listing under the odd numbers by the genes in question being known from ⁇ in a manner known per se.
- Hcheniformis DSM 13 or comparable strains can be isolated or synthesized and introduced into expression vectors.
- Another option is to use the to have the chemical reaction of interest catalyzed by microorganisms which have obtained the activities in question in this way.
- This strain contains the plasmid pKK177glucC with the gene of ⁇ -glucosidase, the expression of which by fac promoter and the addition of isopropyl- ⁇ -D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) is induced, and this strain also carries the plasmid pUBS520, which constitutively expresses a minor arglI iRNA (Brinkmann et al., 1989).
- the cultivation was carried out as fed-batch fermentation in a 6 l Biostat ED fermentor (B. Braun Biotech. Int., Melsungen). All fermentations took place in a glucose-ammonium-based mineral salt medium at a temperature of 35 ° C as in Teich et al. (1998; J. Biotechnol., Vol. 8, pp. 197-210). Induction was carried out by adding 1 mM IPTG.
- RNA probes were synthesized in vitro with the T7 RNA polymerase from a PCR product that contained a T7 promoter sequence.
- the following primers were used for the synthesis of the corresponding PCR products:
- the hybridization signals on the filter were quantified using the Lumi imager from Röche Diagnostics (FIG. 1).
- both ibpB and dnaK are maximally expressed. Both chaperones are obviously needed at this point. Conversely, both genes can be regarded as markers for this special physiological state of E. coli.
- PCR primers for this analysis should have properties similar to one another (GC content, melting point, etc.).
- the size of the corresponding PCR product should be between 300 and 750 bp (optimal: 500 bp).
- the computer program "Primer 3" was used to derive the primer sequences. This program is available at http: // www- genome.wi.mit.edu/cgi-bin/primer/primer3.cgi, or http: // www- genome.
- the strain used for this experiment is Bacillus subtilis 168.
- the cells were cultured in minimal medium (Stülke et al., 1993; J. Gen. Microbiol., Vol. 139, pp. 2041-2045).
- the main culture was inoculated with an overnight culture so that an initial OD S4 o n m of 0.05 was reached.
- the culture was incubated in a small fermenter (500 ml working volume) at 37 ° C.
- the first sampling for the RNA analysis took place at an OD of 0.4 (corresponds to zero sample in the exponential growth phase, or before the stress).
- the second sample for RNA isolation was carried out 30 min, 1 h and 2 h after the transition to the stationary growth phase.
- the cells were disrupted with the RiboLyser (ThermoLifeSciences) by mechanical destruction of the cells by the glass beads in the reaction vessel (glass beads 0.1-0.11 mm 0, B. Braun Biotech) caused by the rotary movements of the RiboLysers.
- the RiboLyser ThermoLifeSciences
- acidic phenol is added to the reaction mixture.
- the reaction vessels are placed on ice to allow them to cool somewhat.
- RNA isolation and purification were carried out using the KingFisher (ThermoLifeSciences).
- the KingFisher is an automatic pipetting machine. Biological substances bound to magnetic particles are transferred to various reaction vessels using bar magnets. To isolate the entire RNA from the lysed cells, the KingFisher is used in combination with the MagNA Pure LC RNA Isolation Kit I (Röche Diagnostics). The device is operated at 4 ° C.
- the acoA gene is maximally expressed in the early stationary phase, that is to say that glucose limitation has occurred in the present example.
- This gene can therefore be used as a marker gene for this special physiological state of ⁇ . be viewed subtilis, or a probe according to the invention for this gene should be able to indicate this condition.
- dnaK and grs / ß mRNA amounts of ß Licheniformis ZeWen during a heat shock was performed using Northem blot analysis. For this purpose cells from the strain were ß. Hcheniformis DSM16 cultivated in LB medium at 37 ° C. With a pre-culture in logarithmic growth state, the fermenter culture was inoculated so that an OD was reached 5 oo of about 0.05. At an OD of 0.4, the first sample for RNA isolation was taken. This sample represents the control. The heat stress was carried out at 54 ° C. for 10 minutes. A cell sample for RNA isolation was then taken again.
- both probes for the heat shock situation give a signal which is higher than that of the control, the cfnaK probe delivering a particularly clear result compared to the control.
- Example 2 Analogously to example 2, the aco / A mRNA level was examined here in the course of a fermentation, specifically using DNA chips according to the invention and again using rea /./ me-RT-PCR for comparison.
- the samples containing acoA-mRNA were then quantified in two different ways: (A) as described in Example 2 using a rea / f / me RT-PCR using the LightCycler (from Röche Diagnostics) and (B) using chips according to the invention doped with probes for this gene.
- This chip was constructed as described in the Hintsche et al. (1997), EXS, 80, pp. 267-283 and the applications WO 00/62048 A2, WO 00/67026 A1 and WO 02/41992 (see above).
- the DNA probe for the detection of the acoA mRNA was 20 nucleotides long and from an area near the beginning of the coding area according to SEQ ID NO. 1 derived. The result is shown in FIG. 5. The course of the curve in FIG.
- FIG. 5B which shows the course of the electrical signals obtained in nA and obtained via an electrochip according to the invention, shows in principle the same curve course, in particular the sharp rise in glucose limitation towards the end of the fermentation.
- the intermediate maximum to be read off in A after 5 h is not apparent from this, but the error bars in FIG. A also allow that there was in fact no maximum here.
- the main culture was inoculated with an overnight culture so that an initial OD at 540 nm of 0.05 was achieved.
- the cultures were incubated in 1 liter medium in 5 liter shaking flasks at 37 ° C. and samples were taken at the times indicated in FIG. These were worked up as described in Examples 2 and 4 and the mRNA coding for the alkaline protease AprE was detected both via an RT-PCR light cycler and via an electrical DNA chip according to the invention.
- the latter was doped with a probe specific for this gene, which was 20 nucleotides long and from a region near the beginning of the coding region of the associated ⁇ . Hcheniformis known gene had been derived.
- FIG. 6 This gives the cell density, given in optical density at 500 nm (OD ⁇ OOnm), the proportion of specific mRNA determined by the LightCycler in the total RNA, given in molecule cycles per ⁇ g (LightCycler) and the signals of the aprE Probe doped electrical biochips in nA (EBC).
- the data show that the expression of the aprE gene is detectable after 4 h, ie at the beginning of the stationary phase, and then increases. This observation correlates with the known regulation of the gene by a stationary phase promoter.
- the cultures were incubated in a 500 ml medium in a fermenter Biostat Q from Braun Biotech International (Melsungen) at 37 ° C. At a time during the exponential growth phase (0 min in Figure 7) 1.5 ⁇ M KH 2 PO 4 were added to the medium. This leads to a state of phosphate deficiency that should affect expression of the pstS gene.
- samples were taken as described in Examples 2 and 4, processed, and the mRNA coding for the phosphate-binding protein PstS was analyzed using an RT-PCR light cycler and an electrical DNA detector according to the invention. Chip proven. The latter was doped with a probe specific for this gene, which was 20 nucleotides long and from a region near the beginning of the coding region of the one under SEQ ID NO. 115 DNA sequence specified had been derived.
- FIG. 7 This gives the cell density, given in optical density at 500 nm (OD500nm), the proportion of the specific mRNA determined by the LightCycler in the total RNA, given in molecule cycles per ⁇ g (LightCycler) and the signals determined at three points in time with a ps S probe doped electrical biochips in nA (EBC).
- the data show a decrease in cell density immediately after the onset of phosphate deficiency and a recovery in bacterial growth after approx. 100 to 150 min. This correlates with the expression of the pstS gene that can be detected in both measurement methods. According to the invention, a correspondingly doped chip can thus be used to detect a phosphate deficiency situation.
- cells from the strain were ß. Hcheniformis DSM 13 cultured in minimal medium similar to Examples 5 and 6.
- the main culture was inoculated with an overnight culture so that an initial OD at 540 nm of 0.05 was achieved.
- the cultures were incubated in a 500 ml medium in a fermenter Biostat Q from Braun Biotech International (Melsungen) at 37 ° C.
- this medium contained the small amount of 0.05% by weight of glucose, so that a glucose deficiency appeared comparatively early, already during the exponential growth phase, which should affect the expression of the acoA gene.
- samples were taken as described in Examples 2 and 4, processed, and the mRNA coding for the acetoin dehydrogenase E1 component AcoA was determined both via an RT-PCR light cycler and via an electrical device according to the invention DNA chip detected.
- the latter was doped with a probe specific for this gene, which was 20 nucleotides long and from a region near the beginning of the coding region of the one under SEQ ID NO. 83 specified DNA sequence had been derived.
- FIG. 8 This results in the cell density, given in optical density at 500 nm (OD ⁇ OOnm), the proportion of specific mRNA determined by the LightCycler in the total RNA, given in molecule cycles per ⁇ g (LightCycler) and the signals of the pstö determined at three points in time Probe doped electrical biochips in nA (EBC).
- a chip according to the invention for detecting a fermentation of a production organism of the genus Bacillus established for technical fermentations is doped simultaneously with several probes, specifically for the following genes (Table 5, part 1):
- these probes are advantageously derived from the sequences cited here and specified in the sequence listing.
- Example 5 the fermentative production of a protease is followed analogously to Example 5.
- a corresponding chip is additionally equipped with probes for the following genes (Table 5. Part 2 .:
- a chip according to the invention is doped with probes for the same genes as specified in Table 5, Part 1.
- the fermentative production of an amylase is followed analogously to example 8.
- a corresponding chip is additionally equipped with probes for the following genes (Table 6):
- Figure 1 ibpB and dnaK as marker genes of the gram-negative bacterium
- A Expression of the ibpB gene; determined via isolation of the mRNA at the relevant point in time, binding to a nylon membrane and hybridization with an / opß-specific digoxigenin-labeled probe.
- Figure 2 The gene acoA as a marker gene of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis for glucose limitation and presence of acetoin. Determined by Northem blot analysis with an acoA probe (see example).
- Figure 3 The genes dnaK and sigB as marker genes of the gram-positive bacterium
- Figure 4 Schematic representation of the at // ' ne monitoring of a bioprocess with electrical DNA chips according to the invention
- nucleic acids for example DNA
- nucleic acid analogs for example compounds which are difficult to hydrolyze and have an analog structure
- RNA preparation was a fed-batch fermentation of ⁇ . subtilis examined for the gene acoA.
- Figure 6 Monitoring of the product gene apr £ by RT-PCR and with an electrical chip according to the invention during the fermentation of ⁇ . Hcheniformis DSM 13 according to Example 5. Mean:
- OD500nm cell density
- LightCycler Share of the specific mRNA determined for six points in time by the LightCycler in the total RNA, given in molecule cycles per ⁇ g;
- EBC signals of the electrical biochip doped with an aptE probe, measured at two points in time, in measured nA.
- FIG. 7 Monitoring of the pstS gene indicating phosphate deficiency by means of RT-PCR and with an electrical chip according to the invention during the fermentation of ⁇ .
- OD500nm cell density
- LightCycler Share of the specific mRNA determined for five points in time by the LightCycler in the total RNA, given in molecule cycles per ⁇ g;
- EBC signals of the electrical biochip doped with a ps.S probe determined at three points in time in measured nA.
- FIG. 8 Monitoring of the gene acoA indicating glucose limitation by means of RT-PCR and with an electrical chip according to the invention during the fermentation of ⁇ .
- OD500nm cell density
- LightCycler Share of the specific mRNA determined for five points in time by the LightCycler in the total RNA, given in molecule cycles per ⁇ g;
- EBC signals of the electrical biochip doped with an acoA probe, measured at three points in time, in measured nA.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10242433A DE10242433A1 (de) | 2002-09-11 | 2002-09-11 | DNA-Chips zur Bioprozeßkontrolle |
| DE10242433 | 2002-09-11 | ||
| PCT/EP2003/009979 WO2004027092A2 (de) | 2002-09-11 | 2003-09-09 | Dna-chips zur bioprozesskontrolle |
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| EP1537245A2 true EP1537245A2 (de) | 2005-06-08 |
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| EP03797287A Withdrawn EP1537245A2 (de) | 2002-09-11 | 2003-09-09 | Dna-chips zur bioprozesskontrolle |
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| US (1) | US20060040279A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1537245A2 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003258715A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10242433A1 (de) |
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| DE102004013988A1 (de) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-10-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Der Faktor RecA aus Bacillus licheniformis und recA-inaktivierte Sicherheitsstämme für die biotechnologische Produktion |
| WO2006073514A2 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-07-13 | Tufts University | Compositions, methods and kits for repressing virulence in gram positive bacteria |
| DE102004061664A1 (de) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-07-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Nukleinsäure-bindende Chips zur Detektion von Phosphatmangelzuständen im Rahmen der Bioprozesskontrolle |
| DE102005022145A1 (de) * | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Nukleinsäure-bindende Chips zur Detektion von Glucosemangelzuständen im Rahmen der Bioprozeßkontrolle |
| DE102005042572A1 (de) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Nukleinsäure-bindende Chips zur Detektion von Stickstoffmangelzuständen im Rahmen der Bioprozeßkontrolle |
| EP1772522A1 (de) * | 2005-10-04 | 2007-04-11 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | Kontrolle der Konservierung mit Biomarkern |
| EP2643452A4 (de) * | 2010-11-22 | 2014-07-02 | Univ Florida | Manipulation eines wärmetoleranten gerinnungs-bacillus zur herstellung von d(-)-milchsäure |
| EP3688166A4 (de) * | 2017-09-28 | 2021-06-23 | Precision Fermentation, Inc. | Verfahren, vorrichtungen und computerprogrammprodukte zur hefeleistungsüberwachung in fermentationssystemen |
| EP3763828A1 (de) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-13 | Nemri, Adnane | Verfahren zur überwachung von fermentationsprozessen, vorrichtung und system dafür |
| AU2022226582A1 (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2023-09-07 | Precision Fermentation , Inc. | Devices and methods for monitoring |
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| US6582908B2 (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 2003-06-24 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Oligonucleotides |
| IL107815A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 2003-12-10 | Du Pont | Genetic constructs comprising a stress-responsive promoter linked to a lux reporter operon and methods of use in environmental testing |
| DE19860313B4 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2007-10-11 | Felsenstein, Friedrich, Dr. | Verfahren zur Erkennung und Charakterisierung von Wirkstoffen gegen Pflanzen-Pathogene |
| DE19916867A1 (de) * | 1999-04-14 | 2000-10-19 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Anordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung planarer Arrays mit immobilisierten Molekülen |
| DE10108841A1 (de) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-14 | Degussa | Neue für das citB-Gen kodierende Nukleotidsequenzen |
| EP1313856B1 (de) * | 2000-08-31 | 2007-03-21 | Degussa GmbH | Citb gen aus corynebakterien und seine verwendung zur herstellung von l-aminosäuren |
| DE10136987A1 (de) * | 2000-09-09 | 2002-03-21 | Degussa | Für das clpC-Gen kodierende Nukleotidsequenzen |
| EP1315744A1 (de) * | 2000-09-09 | 2003-06-04 | Degussa AG | Nukleotidsequenzen, die das clpc gen kodieren |
| AU2001296718A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-15 | Novozymes A/S | Methods for monitoring multiple gene expression |
| DE10058394C1 (de) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-07-11 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren für die biochemische Analytik und zugehörige Anordnung |
| AU2002241409A1 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-24 | Tigr | Metylococcus capsulatus genes and dna array for the determination of gene expression in metylococcus capsulatus |
-
2002
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-
2003
- 2003-09-09 WO PCT/EP2003/009979 patent/WO2004027092A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-09 AU AU2003258715A patent/AU2003258715A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-09 EP EP03797287A patent/EP1537245A2/de not_active Withdrawn
-
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| WO2004027092A3 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
| AU2003258715A8 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| AU2003258715A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| US20060040279A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
| WO2004027092A2 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
| DE10242433A1 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
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